CN112071919A - Novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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CN112071919A
CN112071919A CN202011015384.6A CN202011015384A CN112071919A CN 112071919 A CN112071919 A CN 112071919A CN 202011015384 A CN202011015384 A CN 202011015384A CN 112071919 A CN112071919 A CN 112071919A
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temperature
silicon
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topcon
boron
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杨飞飞
赵科巍
张云鹏
郭丽
李雪方
杜泽霖
李陈阳
梁玲
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Shanxi Luan Solar Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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    • H01L31/02161Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02167Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/06Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
    • H01L31/068Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN homojunction type, e.g. bulk silicon PN homojunction solar cells or thin film polycrystalline silicon PN homojunction solar cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1804Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/186Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
    • H01L31/1868Passivation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/547Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solar cell production. A novel P-type crystal silicon TOPCon battery structure is provided, the back of the P-type crystal silicon TOPCon battery is provided with a silicon nitride layer SixNy, a boron-doped silicon oxide layer SiOx (B) and a silicon dioxide layer (SiO)2). The invention also relates to a preparation process of the novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure. The invention not only has high compatibility with the current P-type PERC battery processing technology and small equipment investment, but also solves the problem of boron doping winding degree, and the product yield in the manufacturing process is up to more than 98%.

Description

Novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar cell production.
Background
At present, the mainstream product of the crystalline silicon battery is the PERC battery, the production process is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, the conversion efficiency of the stacked LDSE battery can reach more than 22.5%, but the subsequent efficiency growth space is limited, and the continuous development of the PERC battery is influenced to a greater extent.
During the SNEC exhibition in 2019, TOPCon batteries were open and have received focus of industry. The TOPCon technology is to prepare an ultra-thin tunneling oxide layer and a highly doped polysilicon thin layer on the back of a battery, and the ultra-thin tunneling oxide layer and the highly doped polysilicon thin layer form a passivation contact structure together. The structure can block minority carrier hole recombination and improve the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current of the battery.
In terms of process, the TOPCon technology only needs to add thin film deposition equipment and can be well compatible with the current mass production process. Meanwhile, the TOPCon battery has a space for further improving the conversion efficiency and is expected to become an entry point of the next-generation industrialized N-type high-efficiency battery. According to theoretical calculations, the potential efficiency of a passivated contact solar cell (28.7%) is closest to the theoretical ultimate efficiency of a crystalline silicon solar cell (29.43%).
Similar to the PERC cell, the TOPCon cell also employs a passivated contact structure on the back side, enhancing cell performance. Also in terms of process, TOPCon cells achieve a large increase in efficiency at a small cost. In addition, the future efficiency improvement space of the TOPCon battery is huge, and the TOPCon battery is one of the batteries closest to the theoretical efficiency value of the crystalline silicon battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure and a preparation process thereof, which effectively solve the problem of low conversion efficiency of the conventional P-type PERC battery and have low manufacturing cost and small equipment investment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a novel P-type crystal silicon TOPCon battery structure is provided, the back of the P-type crystal silicon TOPCon battery is provided with a silicon nitride layer SixNy, a boron-doped silicon oxide layer SiOx (B) and a silicon dioxide layer from bottom to topSilicon layer (SiO)2)。
The silicon nitride layer has a thickness of 70-80nm and a refractive index of 2.1-2.3.
The thickness of the boron-doped silicon oxide layer is 50-100 nm.
The thickness of the silicon dioxide layer is 3-5nm, and the refractive index is 1.5-1.7.
A preparation process of a novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure comprises the following steps
Step one, depositing a silicon dioxide layer by adopting a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) mode, wherein an oxygen source is laughing gas, the pressure is 1800-2000mTorr, the temperature is 450-500 ℃, the power is 5000-8000W, the pulse on-off ratio is 1:20, the flow of the laughing gas is 4000-8000sccm, and the time is 50-100 s; (ii) a
Step two, adopting a PECVD mode, the pressure is 1500-2000mTorr, the temperature is 450-500 ℃, the power is 10000-12000W, the pulse on-off ratio is 1:16, and SiH is introduced4Introducing nitrogen at a flow rate of 25slm by adopting a boron diffusion mode, heating to 900 ℃ for 8min, then respectively introducing 25slm nitrogen, 200 plus 400sccm boron tribromide (carried by the nitrogen) and 150 plus 300sccm oxygen, performing variable temperature deposition at 960 ℃ for 5-10min, and then introducing 6-10slm nitrogen and 4-6slm oxygen after the temperature is raised to 960 ℃, and performing high temperature propulsion for 3-5 min; finally, 10slm of nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is reduced and the boat is returned from 960 ℃ to 840 ℃, and the boron concentration in the doped silicon oxide is 3x1021-5x1021/cm-3
Cleaning the back, cleaning the edge and the part BSG on the back, preparing mixed solution with the volume concentration of 1% by using HF and water with the volume concentration of 49%, and reacting for 0.5 min;
step four, adopting a PECVD mode, depositing at the pressure of 1000-2000mTorr, the temperature of 450-500 ℃, the power of 11000-13000W and the pulse on-off ratio of 1:12, and introducing SiH4/NH3The ratio is 1/10-1/4, and the time is 800-1200 s.
The invention provides a process route for realizing a P-type TOPCon battery, which not only has high compatibility with the current P-type PERC battery processing process and small equipment investment, but also solves the problem of boron doping degree of winding, and the product yield in the manufacturing process is up to more than 98%.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure, wherein the back film structure is SixNy/SiOx (B)/SiO2 from bottom to top, wherein the SiOx (B) in the middle is a film with a certain boron doping concentration. Wherein the inner layer SiOx/SiO2 is deposited by PECVD equipment, the refractive index of the prepared SiO2 is 1.5-1.7, and the thickness is 3-5 nm; preparing the obtained SiOx, and depositing the SiOx in an SiH-rich 4 atmosphere, wherein the refractive index of the SiOx is 1.5-1.7, and the thickness of the SiOx is 50-100 nm; and the outer layer SixNy is deposited by using PECVD equipment, and the refractive index of the prepared SixNy is 2.1-2.3, and the thickness is 70-80 nm.
The specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
and (5) cleaning and texturing. The texture etching uses alkali texture etching, the etching amount is controlled to be 0.4-0.6g, and the reflectivity is 7% -12%.
And (4) diffusion and junction making.
And etching the back surface. And (3) using alkali etching, wherein the etching amount is controlled to be 0.14-0.17g, and the reflectivity is 35% -45%.
And (4) high-temperature oxidation.
And preparing a front silicon nitride film. The silicon nitride is prepared in a tubular PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) mode, the refractive index is 2.03-2.10, and the film thickness is 75-80 nm.
Preparation of back SiOx (B)/SiO2 film layer. Using PECVD equipment to deposit SiO2, wherein the pressure is 1800-2000mTorr, the temperature is 450-500 ℃, the power is 5000-8000W, the pulse on-off ratio is 1:20, the flow of the passed N2O is 4000-8000sccm, and the time is 50-100s when SiO2 is deposited; when SiOx is deposited, the pressure is 1500-2000mTorr, the temperature is 450-500 ℃, the power is 10000-12000W, the pulse on-off ratio is 1:16, the introduced SiH4/N2O = 2/1-4/1, and the time is 400-800 s.
And preparing the back interlayer SiOx boron doping. Introducing N2 at a flow rate of 25slm by adopting a boron diffusion mode, heating to 900 ℃, and waiting for 8 min; then respectively introducing 25slm of N2, 200 plus 400sccm of N2-BBr3 (meaning BBr3 flow carried in nitrogen is 200 plus 400 sccm) and 150 plus 300sccm of O2, and carrying out variable temperature deposition from 900 plus 960 ℃ for 8-15 min; then, after the temperature is raised to 960 ℃, introducing 6-10slm of N2 and 4-6slm of O2, and carrying out high-temperature propulsion for 5-10 min; finally, 10slm of N2 is introduced, and the temperature is reduced and the boat is returned from 960-840 ℃.
And (4) back cleaning. The edge and back portions BSG are cleaned. A mixed solution of HF with a stock solution concentration of 49% and H2O with a volume concentration of 1% was prepared, and the reaction time was 0.5 min.
And preparing a back SixNy film layer. By adopting a PECVD mode, the pressure is 1000-2000mTorr, the temperature is 450-500 ℃, the power is 11000-13000W, the pulse on-off ratio is 1:12, the introduced SiH4/NH3 = 1/4-1/10, and the time is 800-1200s when SixNy is deposited.
Screen printing and high-temperature sintering.

Claims (5)

1. A novel P type crystal silicon TOPCon battery structure which characterized in that: the back surface of the P-type crystal silicon TOPCon cell is provided with a silicon nitride layer, a boron-doped silicon oxide layer and a silicon dioxide layer from bottom to top.
2. The novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon cell structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the silicon nitride layer has a thickness of 70-80nm and a refractive index of 2.1-2.3.
3. The novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon cell structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the thickness of the boron-doped silicon oxide layer is 50-100 nm.
4. The novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon cell structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the thickness of the silicon dioxide layer is 3-5nm, and the refractive index is 1.5-1.7.
5. A process for preparing the novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon cell structure of claim 1, wherein: the preparation process of the back of the P-type crystal silicon TOPCon battery comprises the following steps
Step one, depositing a silicon dioxide layer by adopting a PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) mode, wherein an oxygen source is laughing gas, the pressure is 1800-2000mTorr, the temperature is 450-500 ℃, the power is 5000-8000W, the pulse on-off ratio is 1:20, the flow of the laughing gas is 4000-8000sccm, and the time is 50-100 s; (ii) a
Step two, adopting a PECVD mode, the pressure is 1500-2000mTorr, the temperature is 450-500 ℃, the power is 10000-12000W, the pulse on-off ratio is 1:16, and SiH is introduced4The nitrogen O is 2-4, the time is 400-800s, a boron diffusion mode is adopted, firstly nitrogen is introduced at the flow rate of 25slm, the temperature is raised to 900 ℃, the time is waited for 8min, then 25slm of nitrogen, 200-400sccm of boron tribromide and 150-300sccm of oxygen are respectively introduced, the temperature-changing deposition is carried out at the temperature of 900-960 ℃ for 5-10min, then, after the temperature is raised to 960 ℃, 6-10slm of nitrogen and 4-6slm of oxygen are introduced, the high-temperature propulsion is carried out for 3-5 min; finally, 10slm of nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is reduced and the boat is returned from 960 ℃ to 840 ℃, and the boron concentration in the doped silicon oxide is 3x1021-5x1021/cm-3
Cleaning the back, cleaning the edge and the part BSG on the back, preparing mixed solution with the volume concentration of 1% by using HF and water with the volume concentration of 49%, and reacting for 0.5 min;
step four, adopting a PECVD mode, depositing at the pressure of 1000-2000mTorr, the temperature of 450-500 ℃, the power of 11000-13000W and the pulse on-off ratio of 1:12, and introducing SiH4/NH3The ratio is 1/10-1/4, and the time is 800-1200 s.
CN202011015384.6A 2020-09-24 2020-09-24 Novel P-type crystalline silicon TOPCon battery structure and preparation process thereof Pending CN112071919A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115377252A (en) * 2022-10-24 2022-11-22 英利能源发展(天津)有限公司 Method for inhibiting polycrystalline silicon surface explosion film growth by PECVD method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109786476A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-21 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 It a kind of passivation contact structures and its is applied in silicon solar cell
CN110140223A (en) * 2016-12-12 2019-08-16 洛桑联邦理工学院 Silicon heterogenous solar battery and manufacturing method
CN110311011A (en) * 2019-05-17 2019-10-08 上海神舟新能源发展有限公司 The production method of solar cell

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110140223A (en) * 2016-12-12 2019-08-16 洛桑联邦理工学院 Silicon heterogenous solar battery and manufacturing method
CN109786476A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-21 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 It a kind of passivation contact structures and its is applied in silicon solar cell
CN110311011A (en) * 2019-05-17 2019-10-08 上海神舟新能源发展有限公司 The production method of solar cell

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115377252A (en) * 2022-10-24 2022-11-22 英利能源发展(天津)有限公司 Method for inhibiting polycrystalline silicon surface explosion film growth by PECVD method

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Application publication date: 20201211