CN112062494A - 一种无机矿物增强剂 - Google Patents
一种无机矿物增强剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112062494A CN112062494A CN202010972136.4A CN202010972136A CN112062494A CN 112062494 A CN112062494 A CN 112062494A CN 202010972136 A CN202010972136 A CN 202010972136A CN 112062494 A CN112062494 A CN 112062494A
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- calcium sulfate
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 title abstract description 24
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KZGQGOXKCBISME-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium;disulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KZGQGOXKCBISME-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 45
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 retarders Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;dicalcium;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Fe+3] AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010424 alunite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052934 alunite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KPZTWMNLAFDTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-D trialuminum;potassium;hexahydroxide;disulfate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KPZTWMNLAFDTGF-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229910021534 tricalcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019976 tricalcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
- C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种无机矿物增强剂,由无水硫铝酸钙、硫酸钙、活化剂、引发剂组成,无水硫铝酸钙由氧化钙、三氧化二铝和硫酸钙于1000℃~1250℃反应生成;硫酸钙为硬石膏、半水石膏、二水石膏、脱硫石膏、磷石膏和氟石膏中的一种或几种组合而成;活化剂为三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、聚乙二醇和脂肪酸甲脂中的一种或几种组合而成;引发剂是为硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸胺,亚硝酸钠和氢氧化钠中的一种或几种组合而成。该增强剂在每立方混凝土中加入5Kg-8Kg/m3,可以代替普通水泥100—218Kg,使得水泥用量大幅度减少,混凝土成本大幅度降低,且早期强度提高、后期强度增加、尺寸变形降低、水化放热降低,解决了混凝土收缩裂缝的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,具体涉及一种无机矿物增强剂。
背景技术
混凝土材料由普通水泥、矿物掺合料、砂、石、外加剂、水,共六大部分构成。普通水泥水化后生成的硅酸盐矿物起到强化骨架的作用,所以水泥用量的比例的大小与混凝土抗压强度的高低以及耐久性能具有紧密的影响。但是,在实际应用过程中,随着混凝土中水泥比例的增大,混凝土出现了一系列问题。在道路混凝土、大坝混凝土、海工混凝土、隧道混凝土等大体积混凝土中,在建筑结构、桥梁结构、特殊造型结构等高标号混凝土中,都出现了各种不同程度的裂缝、缺陷、甚至工程质量的问题,严重影响了实际工程的使用效果,存在安全隐患,有的甚至在实际应用时出现重大事故,给国家和人民造成了难以估量的损失。
究其根源,发现随着混凝土中水泥比例的增大,混凝土内部放热集中,混凝土中心温度与表面温差增大,容易产生温度裂缝;随着混凝土中水泥比例的增大,混凝土收缩变形增大,容易产生收缩裂缝。目前的技术手段分为以下四大类,都存在不同程度上的缺点,不能从根本上解决这一问题。
(1)加入具有活性的矿物掺和料(粉煤灰、矿粉、火山灰等)代替部分水泥可以降低部分水化放热,但是收缩变形增大、早期强度降低明显;而且当矿物掺合料过量时,抗压强度增长缓慢,有的甚至出28d标号不足的现象,不能从根本上解决上述问题。(2)加入过量缓凝剂可以延缓水泥水化速度,推迟水化放热高峰,但并不能降低放热总量;同时,影响了混凝土的早期强度和后期强度。(3)加入过量减水剂可以降低水灰比,进而降低水泥用量,保证后期混凝土标号。但是,由于水灰比的降低,混凝土的放热更加集中;同时,混凝土粘度增加,工作性能变差,不利于施工现场实际操作。(4)加入减缩剂或膨胀剂补偿收缩可以在一定程度上减少收缩变形,但不能降低水化放热,甚至会大幅度提高水化放热,令其更加集中,产生温度裂缝。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种材料,能够提高混凝土的早期强度,增加后期强度,降低尺寸变形、降低水化放热。
基于上述问题,本发明提出的技术方案是提供一种无机矿物增强剂,该增强剂是由无水硫铝酸钙、硫酸钙、活化剂、引发剂组成,其中,无水硫铝酸钙是由氧化钙、三氧化二铝和硫酸钙于1000℃~1250℃反应生成;硫酸钙是由硬石膏、半水石膏、二水石膏、脱硫石膏、磷石膏或氟石膏中的一种或几种组合而成;活化剂是指三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、聚乙二醇或脂肪酸甲脂中的一种或几种组成;引发剂是指过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸胺,亚硝酸钠或氢氧化钠中的一种或几种组合而成。
优选的,该增强剂是由无水硫铝酸钙、硫酸钙、聚乙二醇、过硫酸钠组成。
其制备过程包括以下步骤:1)在1200℃—1300℃煅烧至熔融态,发生固相反应;2)冷却,形成一定尺寸的不规则颗粒;3)将2)得到的颗粒经磨机研磨,达到400m2/kg以上的比表面积,在微观状态下使分子间得到充分活化。
混凝土的组分构成一般为普通水泥、矿物掺合料、砂、石、缓凝剂、减水剂、膨胀剂和水,其中:普通水泥是指硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰水泥、矿渣水泥、火山灰水泥等以硅酸钙为主要矿物的水硬性胶凝材料,包含上述中的一种或几种。矿物掺合料是指粉煤灰、矿渣粉、火山灰、沸石粉等其中的一种或几种,砂是指天然砂、河砂、海砂、机制砂、人工砂、尾矿砂等直径在5mm以下的集料,包含上述其中的一种或几种混合而成。石是指碎石、卵石、花岗岩、碳酸钙、玄武岩等5mm以上的大骨料,包含上述其中的一种或几种混合而成。缓凝剂是指硼酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、葡萄糖酸钠、三聚磷酸钠等其中的一种或几种。减水剂是指萘系、三聚氰胺、聚羧酸、氨基磺酸盐等其中一种或几种。膨胀剂是指氧化钙、氧化镁、无水硫铝酸钙与氧化钙复合类、明矾石类、氧化铁类等中的一种或几种。水是指自来水、河水、海水、饮用水、天然水等其中的一种。
硅酸盐系列水泥的主要成分为:C3S(硅酸三钙)、C2S(硅酸二钙)、C3A(铝酸三钙)、C4AF(铁铝酸四钙),减胶剂的主要成分为C4A3S(无水硫铝酸钙)、CaSO4(硫酸钙)、活化组分、引发剂,两者复合后的水化过程如下:C4A3S+2(CaSO4)+38H=AFt+2AH3(gel)C3A+3CaSO4+32H=AFt C3S+H=C-S-H(gel)+2CH溶液中CH浓度的增加,促使下列反应发生:AH3(gel)+3CH+3CaSO4+26H=AFt水泥颗粒表面矿物C3A、C3S、C4A3S的不断水化,使其他矿物C2S、C4AF暴露出来,水化反应继续进行。C4AF+3(CaSO4)+32H=C3(A,F)·3(CaSO4)·H32,C2S+2H=C-S-H+CH,复合体系水化时,硅酸盐水泥水化产物提供的Ca(OH)2促进了C4A3S(无水硫铝酸钙)形成AFt(钙矾石)的水化反应,而C4A3S(无水硫铝酸钙)的水化反应消耗Ca(OH)2反过来又促进硅酸盐的水化反应。复合体系配比合理,水化所需要CaSO4(硫酸钙)提供适当,C4A3S(无水硫铝酸钙)与硅酸钙水化会相互促进,生成最佳量的AFt(钙矾石)、C-S-H(水化硅酸钙)等物质,使胶凝体系性能有极大改善和提高。
本发明的优点和有益效果:
在合成混凝土时,本发明的增强剂可以部分代替普通水泥,在每立方混凝土中加入5kg-8kg/m3,可以代替普通水泥100k—218kg,混凝土在同等标号前提下,相同工作状态下,水泥用量大幅度减少,混凝土成本大幅度降低,减少混凝土碳排放,有利于环境保护,具有绿色、协调、可持续发展的战略意义,且添加了增强剂后的混凝土早期强度提高、后期强度增加、尺寸变形降低、水化放热降低,解决了混凝土收缩裂缝的问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水170份、水泥225份、粉煤灰60份、矿渣粉60份、中砂876份、碎石980份、减水剂4.5份、增强剂0份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例2混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水170份、水泥125份、粉煤灰80份、矿渣粉140份、中砂876份、碎石980份、减水剂4.5份、增强剂5份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例3混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水170份、水泥125份、粉煤灰90份、矿渣粉140份、中砂876份、碎石980份、减水剂4.5份、增强剂0份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例4混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水160份、水泥354份、粉煤灰15份、矿渣粉15份、中砂787份、碎石1043份、减水剂5.3份、增强剂6份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例5混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水160份、水泥164份、粉煤灰70份、矿渣粉150份、中砂787份、碎石1043份、减水剂5.3份、增强剂6份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例6混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水160份、水泥354份、粉煤灰15份、矿渣粉15份、中砂787份、碎石1043份、减水剂5.3份、增强剂6份、缓凝剂0.4份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例7混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水154份、水泥413份、粉煤灰20份、矿渣粉20份、中砂651份、碎石1042份、减水剂6.8份、增强剂7份、缓凝剂0.4份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例8混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水154份、水泥223份、粉煤灰70份、矿渣粉160份、中砂651份、碎石1042份、减水剂6.8份、增强剂7份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例9混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水127份、水泥413份、粉煤灰20份、矿渣粉20份、中砂651份、碎石1042份、减水剂15份、增强剂7份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例10混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水152份、水泥480份、粉煤灰10份、矿渣粉12份、中砂687份、碎石1031份、减水剂8份、增强剂7份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例11混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水152份、水泥262份、粉煤灰70份、矿渣粉170份、中砂687份、碎石1031份、减水剂8份、增强剂8份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂0份。
实施例12混凝土组分按质量份数计如下:水152份、水泥430份、粉煤灰10份、矿渣粉12份、中砂687份、碎石1031份、减水剂8份、增强剂8份、缓凝剂0份、膨胀剂50份。
上述实施例中,水泥采用42.5等级普通硅酸盐水泥,矿物掺合料为S95级矿渣粉、二级粉煤灰,中砂采用河砂,碎石为5-20mm的碎石,减水剂为聚羧酸系列,20%浓度的聚羧酸,混凝剂采用柠檬酸,膨胀剂采用氧化钙,水采用自来水。
表1实施例中混凝土配合比(kg/m3)
表2表1对应不同编号产品的检测结果
由表2的检测结果发现加入增强剂5kg-8kg/m3后,可以代替普通水泥100kg—218kg/m3,并且提高了早期以及后期强度,大量降低了水化放热,水中具有适当的膨胀功能,干空收缩极小,因而具有十分乐观的发展前景和经济价值。
以上对本发明的几个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种无机矿物增强剂,其特征在于:由无水硫铝酸钙、硫酸钙、活化剂、引发剂组成;
其中,无水硫铝酸钙由氧化钙、三氧化二铝和硫酸钙于1000~1250℃反应生成;
硫酸钙为硬石膏、半水石膏、二水石膏、脱硫石膏、磷石膏或氟石膏中的一种或几种组合而成;
活化剂为三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、聚乙二醇或脂肪酸甲脂中的一种或几种组合而成;
引发剂是为硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸胺,亚硝酸钠或氢氧化钠中的一种或几种组合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无机矿物增强剂,其特征在于:由无水硫铝酸钙、硫酸钙、聚乙二醇、过硫酸钠组成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的无机矿物增强剂,其特征在于:其制备过程包括以下步骤:
1)在1200℃—1300℃将各组分煅烧至熔融态,发生固相反应;
2)冷却,形成一定尺寸的不规则颗粒;
3)将2)得到的颗粒经磨机研磨,达到400m2/kg以上的比表面积,使其充分活化。
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