CN112056329A - Seawater microalgae regulating agent and microalgae phase regulating method using same - Google Patents

Seawater microalgae regulating agent and microalgae phase regulating method using same Download PDF

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CN112056329A
CN112056329A CN202010884011.6A CN202010884011A CN112056329A CN 112056329 A CN112056329 A CN 112056329A CN 202010884011 A CN202010884011 A CN 202010884011A CN 112056329 A CN112056329 A CN 112056329A
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microalgae
seawater
pond
leaf extract
extract
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CN112056329B (en
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李莉
王晓红
邹琰
吴莹莹
宋娴丽
逄劭楠
邱兆星
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Shandong Marine Biology Institute
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Shandong Marine Biology Institute
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

The invention discloses a seawater microalgae regulating agent and a microalgae phase regulating method using the same, belonging to the technical field of seawater pond culture, and the key point of the technical scheme is that the seawater microalgae regulating agent consists of 20 to 30 parts of thymol, 20 to 30 parts of a Chinese ilex leaf extract, 20 to 30 parts of a perilla leaf extract and 20 to 30 parts of a eucalyptus leaf extract by mass; the microalgae phase regulation and control method comprises the following steps of S1, adding a seawater microalgae regulation and control agent into a solvent to prepare a compound regulation and control solution; step S2, adding clay into the compound regulating solution, and uniformly mixing to form a mixture; step S3, adding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into seawater, and stirring the mixture to form a suspension liquid without agglomeration; step S4, uniformly splashing the suspension liquid formed in the step 3 into the seawater pond; the invention can effectively reduce the structural proportion of harmful algae in the seawater pond, and adopts plant preparations without pollution to the environment.

Description

Seawater microalgae regulating agent and microalgae phase regulating method using same
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater pond culture, in particular to a seawater microalgae regulating agent and a microalgae regulating method using the same.
Background
Microalgae play an important role in a seawater pond culture ecosystem, not only are important baits for culturing objects such as fishes, shrimps and shellfishes, but also are excellent indicators of the environmental conditions and the water health of the culture pond, and the biomass, the abundance and the population diversity of microalgae can well reflect the current environmental situation of the culture pond. For mariculture organisms, microalgae in seawater can be classified into harmful algae and beneficial algae. The beneficial algae uses diatom as main algae, and the diatom is the main bait for fish, shellfish, shrimp, especially larva, and together with other plants, it constitutes the primary productivity of the sea. The harmful algae are represented by dinoflagellate.
The dinoflagellate is mostly single cell, nearly spherical, has the division of back and abdomen, has 2 flagella with unequal length, and is arranged asymmetrically. With or without cell walls, the former are classified as dinoflagellate longiradiata and dinoflagellate transversalis. The main pigments are chlorophyll a and c, beta-carotene and several special xanthophylls, and the content of yellow pigment is about 4 times higher than that of chlorophyll, so the algae body is yellow green, golden brown to dark brown. The propagation is mainly based on cell longitudinal division, and a few species can produce spores. Eutrophication of offshore waters leads to explosive growth and propagation of dinoflagellate, formation of bloom, discoloration of water, fishy smell and formation of red tide. After the density is too high, the dead algae are bred with saprophytic bacteria, so that the dissolved oxygen in water is rapidly reduced, and the dinoflagellate toxin is generated, thereby causing great harm to fishes, shrimps and shellfish.
In the process of cultivation in a seawater pond, along with the addition of a water fertilizing agent and the rise of air temperature, microalgae in the seawater pond is easy to cause excessive propagation, particularly harmful algae represented by dinoflagellates, so that excellent microalgae phase regulation and control in the cultivation pond are of great importance. At present, when the problems of mass propagation of harmful algae and environmental deterioration in the culture process are faced, farmers still use herbicides such as prometryn and glyphosate for algae removal, but the chemical algaecide can not only cause environmental pollution, but also kill beneficial algae such as diatoms in a seawater pond at the same time, and cannot effectively reduce the structural proportion of the harmful algae in the seawater pond.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a seawater microalgae regulator, which can effectively reduce the structural proportion of harmful algae in a seawater pond, and adopts a plant preparation, so that the environment is not polluted.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a seawater microalgae regulator comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of thymol, 20-30 parts of folium Ilicis Purpureae extract, 20-30 parts of folium Perillae extract and 20-30 parts of folium Eucalypti Globueli extract; the folium Ilicis Purpureae extract is folium Ilicis Purpureae oil extracted from folium Ilicis Purpureae, folium Perillae extract is folium Perillae oil extracted from folium Perillae, and folium Eucalypti Globueli extract is folium Eucalypti Globueli oil extracted from folium Eucalypti Globueli.
By adopting the scheme, thymol is used as a natural bacteriostatic agent, so that the plant pathogenic fungi in the seawater pond can be inhibited, and the growth of saprophytic bacteria in dead algae is inhibited, so that the seawater pond keeps a good environment. The wintergreen leaf oil contains rich methyl salicylate, and the methyl salicylate can kill algae pests and bacteria in water, so that a seawater pond can be kept in a good survival environment for aquatic organisms. The perilla leaf oil contains the rosmarinic acid which is a fenamic acid compound and has the activities of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, resisting viruses and the like and strong inoxidizability, so that the putrefaction caused by dinoflagellate and blue-green algae in a seawater pond can be effectively inhibited. The eucalyptus leaf oil contains 1, 8-cineole, 1, 4-cineole and other components, and can inhibit the growth of various weeds; the seawater microalgae regulator is extracted by plants, has no pollution to the environment, can inhibit bacteria and viruses in water by various components, has broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effects, keeps a good aquatic organism growth environment in a seawater pond, and can effectively inhibit algae in water, especially harmful algae such as dinoflagellate, blue-green algae and the like, thereby effectively reducing the structural proportion of the harmful algae in the seawater pond.
Preferably, the ratio of the thymol to the ilex chinensis leaf extract to the perilla leaf extract to the eucalyptus leaf extract in parts by mass is 1:1:1: 1.
The invention also aims to provide a microalgae phase regulation and control method, which is characterized in that the seawater microalgae regulator is applied, the structural proportion of harmful algae in a seawater pond can be effectively reduced, and the environment is not polluted.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a microalgae phase regulation method adopts the seawater microalgae regulation agent, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, adding the seawater microalgae regulating agent into a solvent to prepare a compound regulating solution;
step S2, adding clay into the compound regulating solution, and uniformly mixing to form a mixture;
step S3, adding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into seawater, and stirring the mixture to form a suspension liquid without agglomeration;
and step S4, uniformly splashing the suspension liquid formed in the step 3 into the seawater pond.
By adopting the scheme, the seawater microalgae regulating agent is added into the solvent, so that various components in the seawater microalgae regulating agent can be more uniformly mixed; the clay is added and seawater is used for mixing and stirring in advance, so that the seawater microalgae regulating agent is conveniently and uniformly scattered into the seawater pond by workers, and the structural proportion of harmful algae in the seawater pond can be better reduced by using the seawater microalgae regulating agent.
Preferably, in step S2, 2-4% by mass of the clay is added with alpha-starch.
By adopting the scheme, the plant extract has the characteristics of easy oxidation, easy volatilization and the like, the clay has the suspension property for a certain time, the alpha-starch has strong surface energy and adsorption force, and the alpha-starch, the clay and the alpha-starch are mixed to form a carrier system with good performance, so that the plant extract is effectively adsorbed, attached and embedded, and the stability and the validity period of the plant extract in the pond water can be obviously improved.
Preferably, the clay is sea mud or bentonite.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the seawater microalgae regulator in the compound regulating solution is three to eight percent.
Preferably, in step S3, the clay used has a particle diameter greater than 200 mesh.
Preferably, the dosage of the compound regulating solution is 0.15ml-0.6ml/m3The dosage of the clay is 1.5g-4.5/m3。
Preferably, in step S1, water is used as the solvent, and absolute ethanol is used as the cosolvent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a histogram of the number of microalgae in the experimental pond of example 1 of example 2.
FIG. 2 is a histogram of the number of microalgae in the control pond of example 1 in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a histogram of the number of microalgae in example 2 of example 2.
FIG. 4 is a histogram of the number of microalgae in example 3 of example 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a seawater microalgae regulator comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of thymol, 20-30 parts of a Chinese ilex leaf extract, 20-30 parts of a perilla leaf extract and 20-30 parts of a eucalyptus leaf extract; the folium Ilicis Purpureae extract is folium Ilicis Purpureae oil extracted from folium Ilicis Purpureae, folium Perillae extract is folium Perillae oil extracted from folium Perillae, and folium Eucalypti Globueli extract is folium Eucalypti Globueli oil extracted from folium Eucalypti Globueli.
Thymol is 5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol having a molecular formula of C10H14O, colorless crystals or colorless crystalline powder at room temperature, and has odor of herba senecionis Scandentis or herba Thymi vulgaris. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in glacial acetic acid and paraffin oil, and soluble in ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether and olive oil. Thymol is naturally present in thyme, origanum, vanilla, and coarse fruit celery seeds of family Labiatae.
The ilex chinensis leaf extract, the perilla leaf extract and the eucalyptus leaf extract in the formula are extracted by a distillation method. The wintergreen leaf oil, perilla leaf oil and eucalyptus leaf oil have stable chemical properties, are easy to volatilize, and are difficult to water under the condition of no cosolvent, so that a steam distillation method is adopted. Cleaning folium Ilicis Purpureae, folium Perillae and folium Eucalypti Globueli, placing into a corresponding distillation container, and heating and burning or introducing steam into the bottom of the distillation container. The essential oil components stored in the plants are evaporated with the water vapor by the vapor generated in the distillation container, and the essential oil components are finally introduced into the condenser through the upper condensation pipe along with the water vapor. The condenser is a helical pipe surrounded by cold water to cool the steam and convert it into oil-water mixture, which then flows into the oil-water separator. The oil lighter than water will float on the water surface, the oil heavier than water will sink to the bottom of the water, and the remaining water is pure dew. The essential oil and the hydrolat were then further stored separately using a separatory funnel. The water vapor distillation method is adopted, and the ilex chinensis leaf extract, the perilla leaf extract and the eucalyptus leaf extract can be efficiently prepared by using ilex chinensis leaf, perilla leaf and eucalyptus leaf.
From the perspective of cell structure, dinoflagellate and diatom are characterized in that the cell wall of dinoflagellate is mainly composed of cellulose and polysaccharide, and the cell wall of diatom is mainly siliceous (mainly silicon dioxide) and pectic substance. Compared with cellulose, silica has higher stability, and thus can play a better role in protecting the structures inside cells. From the aspect of the division mode, the main division modes of the two algae are two divisions, but the division of the diatom is carried out in the original siliceous shell, and a new lower shell is respectively generated in the original shell after the division, so that the division mode can play a better protection role on newly divided diatom cells, and the newly divided diatom cells have stronger vitality when facing the damage of the external environment. Thymol can inhibit the growth of microalgae through microalgae cell membrane permeability, interference with protein metabolism and normal binary fission, and due to the cell wall composition and the fission mode of diatom, diatom has better drug resistance than dinoflagellate when facing thymol, so that under the inhibition effect of thymol, diatom can recover the growth and the propagation earlier than dinoflagellate, and the differential regulation and control of dinoflagellate and diatom can be realized. And thymol is used as a natural bacteriostatic agent, so that plant pathogenic fungi in the seawater pond can be inhibited, and dead algae are inhibited from breeding saprophytic bacteria, so that the seawater pond can keep a good environment.
The wintergreen leaf oil contains rich methyl salicylate, and the methyl salicylate can kill algae pests and bacteria in water, so that a seawater pond can be kept in a good survival environment for aquatic organisms. The methyl salicylate acts on lipid in the cell wall and the cell membrane of the microalgae cell to change the molecular structure of the microalgae cell and reduce the lipid components, so that the dense arrangement structure of the cell wall membrane is reduced, and the penetration of other effective components in the formula can be promoted.
Perilla leaf oil contains perillaldehyde, alpha-pinene, rosmarinic acid and plant polyphenol. The rosmarinic acid is a fenamic acid compound, has the activities of antibiosis, antiphlogosis, antivirus and the like, and has strong inoxidizability, so that the putrefaction caused by dinoflagellate and blue-green algae in a seawater pond can be effectively inhibited. The plant polyphenol has high protein binding capacity, and can be combined with enzyme protein to change the structure of the enzyme protein, thereby reducing the activity of the enzyme protein of microalgae cells.
The eucalyptus oil contains 1, 8-cineole, 1, 4-cineole, alpha-pinene and other components, the alpha-pinene can inhibit the synthesis of chitin and polysaccharide components in cell walls, and the cell walls of dinoflagellate mainly consist of cellulose and polysaccharide, so that the dinoflagellate can be effectively inhibited from splitting. The 1, 8-cineole and the 1, 4-cineole are widely used as plant herbicides and can effectively inhibit the growth of aquatic weeds affecting algae.
Aiming at the difference of the components and the division modes of diatom and dinoflagellate cell walls, the effective components in the seawater microalgae regulator mainly act on the cell walls or permeate into the cells from the cell walls, so that the drug resistance to the seawater microalgae regulator is stronger than that of dinoflagellate, and the seawater microalgae regulator has a more obvious algae killing effect on harmful algae such as dinoflagellate and the like in the algae killing process. The diatom is split in the original siliceous shell, and a new lower shell is generated in the original shell after the diatom is split, so that the new cells can be well protected, and further, the diatom can grow and propagate faster in the later period of the pesticide effect of the plant algicide.
The seawater microalgae regulator is compounded by thymol, a Chinese ilex leaf extract, a perilla leaf extract and a eucalyptus leaf extract, is extracted by plants, has no pollution to the environment, can inhibit bacteria and viruses in water by various components, has broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effects, keeps a good aquatic organism growth environment in a seawater pond, and can effectively inhibit algae in water, especially harmful algae such as dinoflagellate and the like, so that the structural proportion of the harmful algae in the seawater pond is effectively reduced.
The following are 3 common seawater microalgae regulating and controlling agent proportion formulas.
Formula 1: 100g of seawater microalgae regulator comprises 20g of thymol, 20g of folium Ilicis Purpureae extract, 30g of folium Perillae extract and 30g of folium Eucalypti Globueli extract.
And (2) formula: 100g of seawater microalgae regulator comprises 25g of thymol, 25g of folium Ilicis Purpureae extract, 25g of folium Perillae extract and 25g of folium Eucalypti Globueli extract.
And (3) formula: 100g of seawater microalgae regulator comprises 30g of thymol, 30g of folium Ilicis Purpureae extract, 20g of folium Perillae extract and 20g of folium Eucalypti Globueli extract.
The following is an experimental comparison of the seawater microalgae regulating agent with the components of formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 in proportion and a common algaecide.
5 groups of indoor seawater sample ponds are arranged, 10 cubic meters of seawater samples in the mariculture pond are added into each group, and microalgae are cultured at constant temperature in the environment of 25 ℃ at room temperature. Uniformly arranging 5 sampling points in a seawater sample pool, using a Rugowski solution for fixed sampling, uniformly mixing samples of the 5 sampling points, and then using a phytoplankton counting frame for microscopic counting; counting and counting the number of the microalgae in the culture dish respectively before the administration, 24 hours after the administration, 7 days after the administration and 14 days after the administration.
Experimental example 1
2g of seawater microalgae regulating agent with the component ratio of formula 1 is added into a seawater sample tank.
Figure BDA0002654975920000061
Experimental example 2
2g of seawater microalgae regulating agent with the component ratio of formula 2 is added into the seawater sample pool.
Figure BDA0002654975920000062
Figure BDA0002654975920000071
Experimental example 3
2g of seawater microalgae regulating agent with the proportion of 3 components in the formula is added into a seawater sample tank.
Figure BDA0002654975920000072
Comparative example 1
The algaecide is prometryn, the prometryn is wettable powder which is produced by chemical group Limited in Zhongshan of Zhejiang and has the effective component content of 40%, the standard dosage is 1.5-2 kg of prometryn for one l meter of water depth per mu, and 30g of prometryn is added into a sea water sample pool in the experiment.
Figure BDA0002654975920000073
Comparative example 2
The algaecide is glyphosate isopropylammonium salt, the specification is water agent which is produced by Weihai Korea floating chemical pharmaceutical Co Ltd and has the effective component content of 41%, the standard dosage is 150ml-200ml per mu, and 30ml of glyphosate isopropylammonium salt water agent is uniformly sprayed into a sea water sample pool in the experiment.
Figure BDA0002654975920000074
The experiments show that the seawater microalgae regulating agent can effectively inhibit microalgae in a seawater pond, not only takes effect quickly, but also can effectively reduce the structural proportion of harmful algae in the seawater pond.
Example 2:
a microalgae phase regulation method adopts the seawater microalgae regulation agent in the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps.
Step S1, adding the seawater microalgae regulating agent into a solvent to prepare a compound regulating solution. In the scheme, water is used as a solvent, and absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a cosolvent. Thymol, wintergreen leaf oil, perilla leaf oil and eucalyptus leaf oil are slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in absolute ethyl alcohol, and further, the thymol, the wintergreen leaf oil, the perilla leaf oil and the eucalyptus leaf oil can be prepared into solutions with uniform proportional contents by taking the absolute ethyl alcohol as a cosolvent. The mass concentration of the seawater microalgae regulator in the compound regulator is three to eight percent, so that the thymol, the wintergreen leaf oil, the perilla leaf oil and the eucalyptus leaf oil can be fully and uniformly dissolved, and the compound regulator is safer to place and use.
Step S2, adding clay into the compound regulating solution, and uniformly mixing to form a mixture; the clay is sea mud or bentonite with the particle diameter larger than 200 meshes, and alpha-starch accounting for 2-4% of the mass of the clay is added; the plant extract has the characteristics of easy oxidation, easy volatilization and the like, the clay has suspension property for a certain time, the alpha-starch has strong surface energy and adsorption force, and the three are mixed to form a carrier system with good performance, so that the plant extract is effectively adsorbed, attached and embedded, and the stability and the validity period of the plant extract in the pond water can be obviously improved.
In step S3, seawater is added to the mixture in step S2, and the mixture is stirred to break up, forming a non-caking suspension.
And step S4, uniformly splashing the suspension liquid formed in the step 3 into the seawater pond. The compound regulating solution is 0.15ml-0.6ml/m3The dosage of the clay is 1.5g-4.5/m3。
According to the method, the vegetable oil is easy to volatilize, clay particles with moderate particle size are selected as carriers, the vegetable oil components are wrapped by the clay and the alpha-starch through the adsorption effect of the alpha-starch, and then the seawater microalgae regulating agent can be uniformly suspended in seawater when being applied to the seawater microalgae regulating agent, so that microalgae at different depths can be effectively regulated. The vegetable oil component gradually seeps out of the mixture of the clay and the alpha-starch, so that the slow release effect is achieved, and the long-acting effect on the microalgae in the seawater can be achieved. The method is simple and efficient in implementation, wide in coverage range of regulating and controlling algae and long in release time.
The following is an example of the specific implementation of the microalgae phase regulation method.
Example 1
Microalgae phase regulation and control example for early-stage pond culture of Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck
Before the sinonovacula constricta seedlings are put in the pond, the quantity of microalgae in the pond is excessive, the structure of the sinonovacula constricta seedlings is mainly dinoflagellate, the sinonovacula constricta seedlings accounts for more than 80% of the total quantity of the microalgae, and a small quantity of diatom and green algae are generated. The condition inhibits the adaptation of the thrown seedlings to a new culture environment, is not suitable for the feeding habit of the thrown seedlings and influences the survival rate.
The seawater microalgae regulating agent is prepared from thymol, a Chinese ilex leaf extract, a perilla leaf extract and a eucalyptus leaf extract in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the concentration of the compound regulating solution is five percent.
The test pool adopts the method of the invention, selects the highest point of temperature of 1 am in sunny days, mixes the compound conditioning liquid with the sticky fine sea mud, adds the sea water, fully stirs, stands for 30min, then stirs evenly and sprinkles in the pool. The usage amount of the compound conditioning liquid is 200 ml/mu (the water depth of the seawater pond is about 1 m), and the usage amount of the sea mud is 1 kg/mu (the water depth of the seawater pond is about 1 m). And selecting the prometryn in the control pool.
Collecting pond water samples 24h before administration, 7 days after administration and 14 days after administration, setting 5 sampling points, fixing with Rugowski solution, taking back to the laboratory, and counting with phytoplankton counting frame.
The result is shown in fig. 1, after the two reagents are put in the pond for 1 day, the quantity of microalgae in the water body of the pond is obviously reduced, the total quantity of the microalgae is reduced to 3-9/ml from 142-156/ml, especially the quantity of dinoflagellates, the water purifying effect is achieved, the sinonovacula constricta offspring seeds put in can adapt to a new environment more quickly, and the sinonovacula constricta offspring seeds gradually start to eat. After 7 days of application, the microalgae were gradually recovered. But different reagents are applied to have different influences on microalgae phases in the water body of the pond. In the pond water applied with prometryn, the microalgae structure is mainly dinoflagellate accounting for 40.0 percent of the total amount, and the dinoflagellate in the pond water applied with the composite pure plant extract accounts for only 16.7 percent; and (3) by the 14 th day, the dinoflagellate in the pond water applied with prometryn reaches 76.4%, the microalgae structure in the pond water applied with the composite pure plant extract is mainly diatom accounting for 80.8% of the total amount, the quantity of the microalgae is recovered to 125/ml, the microalgae phase in the pond water is effectively optimized, and the natural bait is more suitable for culturing the sinonovacula constricta.
Example 2
Microalgae phase regulation example in middle stage of pond culture of Sinonovacula constricta Lamarck
When the sinonovacula constricta is cultured in summer, due to the accumulation effect of the early-stage water fertilizing agent and the rise of the temperature, microalgae in the water body of the culture pond are excessively propagated, the water quality is deteriorated, and the sinonovacula constricta is cultured, and even the feeding is stopped.
By adopting the method, the highest point of temperature of 1 am on sunny days is selected, the compound regulating solution is mixed with bentonite with the grain diameter of more than 200 meshes, and after seawater is added, the mixture is fully stirred, kept stand for 30min, then stirred uniformly and splashed into the pond. The usage amount of the compound regulating solution is 100 ml/mu (the water depth of the seawater pond is about 1 m), and the usage amount of the bentonite is 2 kg/mu (the water depth of the seawater pond is about 1 m).
As shown in FIG. 2, the amount of microalgae in the pond water before treatment reaches 477/ml, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the lower layer water in the pond is only 4.73mg/L at high noon, so that cultivated razor clams stop feeding food, and some razor clam holes are submerged to present disease symptoms. 1 day after the method is used, the number of microalgae in water is sharply reduced to 13/ml; then the culture environment is gradually improved, the quantity of microalgae is slowly increased, and the sinonovacula constricta culture gradually recovers to eat; the microalgae phase in the culture environment is gradually stabilized after 14 days; the quantity of microalgae in the pond water is 208/ml by 21 days.
Example 3
Microalgae phase regulation and control example for middle and later stage of pond culture of penaeus vannamei
After the prawn pond culture body is longer than 8cm, as animal baits are excessively fed, microalgae in the culture pond are excessively propagated to be brownish red, and the water quality is deteriorated; the shrimp body surface adheres with adhesive substance, and the activity is reduced.
By adopting the method, the highest point of temperature of 1 am on sunny days is selected, the compound regulating solution is mixed with bentonite with the grain diameter of more than 200 meshes, and after seawater is added, the mixture is fully stirred, kept stand for 30min, then stirred uniformly and splashed into the pond. The compound regulating solution is used at 400 ml/mu (the water depth of the seawater pond is about 1 m), and the bentonite is used at 3 kg/mu (the water depth of the seawater pond is about 1 m).
As shown in FIG. 3, the amount of microalgae in the pond water before treatment reaches 669/ml, which is mostly diatom, accounting for 98.2% of the total amount, and the water bloom phenomenon appears. 1 day after the method is used, the quantity of microalgae in water is sharply reduced to 15 microalgae/ml; when 14 days, the microalgae in the pond water keep a relatively stable state; the quantity of microalgae in the pond water is 193/ml by 21 days, the prawn culture state is obviously improved, and the body surface is clean.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A seawater microalgae regulating agent is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises, by mass, 20-30 parts of thymol, 20-30 parts of a Chinese ilex leaf extract, 20-30 parts of a perilla leaf extract and 20-30 parts of a eucalyptus leaf extract; the folium Ilicis Purpureae extract is folium Ilicis Purpureae oil extracted from folium Ilicis Purpureae, folium Perillae extract is folium Perillae oil extracted from folium Perillae, and folium Eucalypti Globueli extract is folium Eucalypti Globueli oil extracted from folium Eucalypti Globueli.
2. The seawater microalgae regulator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thymol, the ilex chinensis leaf extract, the perilla leaf extract and the eucalyptus leaf extract are calculated according to the mass part ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
3. A microalgae phase regulation method, characterized in that the seawater microalgae regulation agent of any one of claims 1 or 2 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, adding the seawater microalgae regulating agent into a solvent to prepare a compound regulating solution;
step S2, adding clay into the compound regulating solution, and uniformly mixing to form a mixture;
step S3, adding the mixture obtained in the step S2 into seawater, and stirring the mixture to form a suspension liquid without agglomeration;
and step S4, uniformly splashing the suspension liquid formed in the step 3 into the seawater pond.
4. The microalgae phase regulation method of claim 3, characterized in that: in step S2, 2-4% by mass of the clay is added with alpha-starch.
5. The microalgae phase regulation method of claim 3, characterized in that: the clay is sea mud or bentonite.
6. The microalgae phase regulation method of claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S3, the particle diameter of the clay used is larger than 200 mesh.
7. The microalgae phase regulation method of claim 3, characterized in that: the quality concentration of the seawater microalgae regulator in the compound regulating solution is three to eight percent.
8. The microalgae phase regulation method of claim 6, characterized in that: the compound regulating solution is 0.15ml-0.6ml/m3The dosage of the clay is 1.5g-4.5g/m3。
9. The microalgae phase regulation method of claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S1, water is used as a solvent, and absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a cosolvent.
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