CN112054275A - Low-loss switching device of substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna - Google Patents
Low-loss switching device of substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 22
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
- H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-loss switching device of a substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna, which comprises a substrate integrated waveguide, a microstrip patch antenna unit, a metal structural member and a metal screw, wherein the microstrip patch antenna unit is arranged at a floor slot, and the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the microstrip patch antenna unit through the metal structural member and the metal screw; the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system can receive electromagnetic energy through the substrate integrated waveguide, the electromagnetic energy is directly coupled to the microstrip patch antenna unit, interconnection and separation measurement of an antenna and a radio frequency front end in the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system under the condition without a joint or a cable is realized, the test difficulty of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO front end system is reduced while the transmission loss and the system cost are reduced, and the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system has the advantage of high reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave wireless communication, in particular to a low-loss switching device of a substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna.
Background
Since the eighties of the twentieth century, wireless communication has experienced rapid development from simple voice systems to broadband multimedia data services. A new generation of wireless communication technology has emerged almost every decade, and each generation of communication technology has profound effects on the daily life of people and the development of human society. In recent years, the impact of consumer demand on the development of mobile broadband services has increased, and the number of mobile device connections is expected to reach 500 billion by 2025. In order to meet the explosive rise of communication demand worldwide, the fifth generation mobile communication (5G) has attracted great attention in the communication industry and academic fields. Compared with the fourth generation communication technology, the 5G has the characteristics of high transmission rate, large transmission capacity, low transmission delay, high energy utilization efficiency and the like.
The millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system has remarkable advantages in the aspects of improving the utilization rate of frequency spectrum resources, improving the interference among multiple users, improving the energy utilization efficiency and the like, thereby gaining wide attention. However, millimeter waves have the characteristic of high loss, the transmission loss through transmission lines with the same length is higher than that of a low frequency band, and the discontinuity at a radio frequency connector can also cause reflection and attenuation to signals. In addition, the millimeter wave technology is often combined with the large-scale MIMO technology to resist higher path loss, and the connector of the millimeter wave band is expensive, so that the system cost can be greatly increased by connecting the radio frequency front end and the antenna by using the connector and the cable. Therefore, unlike the low-frequency band antenna which is connected with the radio frequency front end through a joint and a cable, the antenna unit is generally integrated with the T/R transceiver module in the millimeter wave band, but an interface which is convenient for the separation and measurement of the antenna unit and the T/R transceiver module in the traditional equipment is not provided between the antenna unit and the T/R transceiver module, which brings a great challenge to the measurement of the system, and the traditional test method is not reliable any more. It can be seen that the conventional connection scheme between the rf front end and the corresponding antenna often has the problems of high cost and poor reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a low-loss switching device of a substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna.
In order to realize the aim of the invention, the invention provides a low-loss switching device of a substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna, which comprises a substrate integrated waveguide, a microstrip patch antenna unit, a metal structural member and a metal screw; the microstrip patch antenna unit is arranged at a floor slot, and the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the microstrip patch antenna unit through the metal structural member and the metal screw; the substrate integrated waveguide receives electromagnetic energy and couples the electromagnetic energy to the microstrip patch antenna element.
In one embodiment, the feeding mode of the microstrip patch antenna unit is substrate integrated waveguide end feeding.
In one embodiment, the plane of the microstrip patch antenna unit is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate integrated waveguide.
In one embodiment, the electromagnetic energy is coupled directly to the microstrip patch antenna through a cross-section of the substrate integrated waveguide and radiated out through the microstrip patch antenna element.
In an embodiment, the switching device of the low-loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna further includes an open-circuit microstrip line, where the open-circuit microstrip line is connected to the substrate integrated waveguide through the metal structural member and the metal screw; the distance from the tail end of the open-circuit microstrip line to the center of the slot gap of the floor is optimized by taking one fourth of the wavelength of the waveguide as an initial value.
Specifically, the plane of the open-circuit microstrip line is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate integrated waveguide.
The switching device of the substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna can receive electromagnetic energy through the substrate integrated waveguide and directly couple the electromagnetic energy to the microstrip patch antenna unit so as to realize interconnection and separation measurement of the antenna and the radio frequency front end in the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system under the condition of not using a joint and a cable, and reduce the test difficulty of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO front end system while reducing the transmission loss and the system cost. Compared with the antenna using other feeding modes, the feeding structure simplifies the antenna units to form an area array in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. In addition, the substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line switching structure provides greater flexibility for circuit design and has the advantage of high reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a low loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna adapter;
fig. 2 is a side view of an embodiment of a substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line transition structure;
fig. 3 is a physical diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line switching structure in one embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an S-parameter curve of simulation and actual measurement of the substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line switching structure in one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip dual E-shape antenna structure with substrate integrated waveguide end feed in one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip dual E-shaped antenna with substrate integrated waveguide end feed in one embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of S-parameters of simulation and actual measurement of a microstrip dual E-shaped antenna with substrate integrated waveguide end feed in one embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a measured pattern for a microstrip dual E-antenna with substrate integrated waveguide end feed in one embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a microstrip double-layer square patch antenna structure with substrate integrated waveguide end-feed;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of S-parameters for a simulation of a microstrip double-layer square patch antenna with substrate integrated waveguide end-feed in one embodiment;
figure 11 is a simulated directivity pattern of a substrate integrated waveguide end fed microstrip dual layer square patch antenna in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Aiming at the problems that the transmission loss of millimeter-wave band signals becomes large, and meanwhile, millimeter-wave band connectors are expensive, etc., the first purpose of the application is to provide a brand-new feeding scheme of the microstrip patch antenna so as to realize interconnection and separation measurement of a radio frequency front end and an antenna under the condition that no additional connectors or cables are used. A second objective of the present application is to provide an antenna feeding scheme that facilitates the transmission/reception channels to form an area array in the horizontal and vertical directions. A third objective of the present application is to provide a vertical transition structure of a substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line, so that system composition and test measurement become more flexible.
To achieve the purpose, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an adapter for a substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna, including a substrate integrated waveguide 1, a microstrip patch antenna unit 2, a metal structure 3 and a metal screw 4; the microstrip patch antenna unit 2 is arranged at a floor slot, and the substrate integrated waveguide 1 is connected with the microstrip patch antenna unit 2 through the metal structural member 3 and the metal screw 4; the substrate integrated waveguide 1 receives electromagnetic energy and couples the electromagnetic energy to the microstrip patch antenna element 2.
The switching device of the substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna can receive electromagnetic energy through the substrate integrated waveguide 1, and directly couple the electromagnetic energy to the microstrip patch antenna unit 2, so that interconnection and separation measurement of the antenna and the radio frequency front end in the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system under the condition without a joint or a cable are realized, transmission loss and system cost are reduced, and meanwhile, the test difficulty of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO front end system is reduced. Compared with the antenna using other feeding modes, the feeding structure simplifies the antenna units to form an area array in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. In addition, the substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line switching structure provides greater flexibility for circuit design and has the advantage of high reliability.
In one embodiment, the electromagnetic energy is coupled directly to the microstrip patch antenna through a cross-section of the substrate integrated waveguide and radiated out through the microstrip patch antenna element.
In this embodiment, the substrate integrated waveguide is interconnected by a metal structure and a metal screw, and electromagnetic energy is coupled to the open-circuit microstrip line from the end of the substrate integrated waveguide.
In particular, the microstrip patch antenna unit may be screwed to the metal structure. When the structure is applied to a large-scale MIMO system, when the performance of a synthesized beam of the whole system needs to be measured, the microstrip patch antenna is screwed on a metal structural part, and when the performance of a radio frequency front-end system only needs to be tested, the open-circuit microstrip line is screwed on the structural part.
In one embodiment, the feeding mode of the microstrip patch antenna unit is substrate integrated waveguide end feeding.
In one embodiment, the plane of the microstrip patch antenna unit is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate integrated waveguide.
The microstrip patch antenna unit may be any one of the proposed microstrip patch antenna structures. The microstrip patch antenna unit adopting the feed structure can flexibly form an area array through transverse and longitudinal expansion.
In an embodiment, the switching device of the low-loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna further includes an open-circuit microstrip line, where the open-circuit microstrip line is connected to the substrate integrated waveguide through the metal structural member and the metal screw; the distance from the tail end of the open-circuit microstrip line to the center of the slot gap of the floor is optimized by taking one fourth of the wavelength of the waveguide as an initial value.
Specifically, the plane of the open-circuit microstrip line is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate integrated waveguide.
The low-loss adapter of the substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna provided by the embodiment can be used for connecting two superposed circuit boards with substrate integrated waveguide transmission lines in the vertical direction.
In the practical application process, the double E-shaped microstrip patch antenna fed by the end part of the substrate integrated waveguide is adopted, and after simulation optimization design, the antenna can meet the requirements of transverse array formation and longitudinal array formation. The double E-shaped microstrip patch antenna can realize good impedance matching characteristic. When the structure (the low-loss switching device of the substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna) is applied to a large-scale MIMO system, when the performance of a synthesized beam of the whole system needs to be measured, the microstrip patch antenna is screwed on a metal structural member, and when the performance of a radio frequency front end system only needs to be tested, the open-circuit microstrip line is screwed on the structural member. Wherein the transverse and longitudinal spacing of the metal screws is determined by the size of the microstrip patch antenna structure and the required spacing when forming the antenna array
The embodiment provides a microstrip patch antenna and a microstrip switching structure with substrate integrated waveguide end feed, and the main structure of the microstrip patch antenna and the microstrip switching structure comprises a section of substrate integrated waveguide, a metal fixing structural part, a metal screw, a floor slotted microstrip patch antenna and a floor slotted open-circuit microstrip line. The method can realize the interconnection and separation measurement of the antenna and the radio frequency front end in the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO system without the help of a joint and a cable, and reduces the test difficulty of the millimeter wave large-scale MIMO front end system while reducing the transmission loss and the system cost. Compared with the antenna using other feeding modes, the feeding structure simplifies the antenna units to form an area array in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction. In addition, the substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line switching structure provides greater flexibility for circuit design.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the switching device of the substrate integrated waveguide end fed antenna sequentially includes, from left to right, a segment of substrate integrated waveguide 1, a metal structural member 3 for fixing, a metal screw 4 for fixing, a microstrip patch antenna 2, or an open-circuit microstrip line 5. Electromagnetic energy is directly coupled to the microstrip patch antenna through the cross section of the SIW, and then is radiated out through the microstrip patch antenna, and the microstrip patch antenna is screwed to the metal structural member through screws. When the beam forming characteristic of the whole array needs to be tested, the antenna is screwed on the structural part, and when the performance of the radio frequency front end needs to be tested, the patch antenna is replaced by the circuit board of the SIW-microstrip vertical switching structure shown in figure 2.
In order to verify the feasibility of the switching device of the low-loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna, the advantages and the characteristics of the switching device are more obvious and understandable, and the invention is clearly and completely described by combining the results obtained by simulation and actual tests.
The vertical transition structure from the substrate-based waveguide to the microstrip line proposed in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and the distance from the microstrip tail end to the SIW slot in the structure is an initial optimized value of a quarter of the waveguide wavelength. As can be seen from comparing the schematic structural diagram 1 of the substrate integrated waveguide end-fed microstrip patch antenna, when the performance of the radio frequency front end needs to be tested separately, the patch antenna only needs to be replaced by a microstrip as shown in fig. 2. Therefore, the loss and cost increase caused by the use of the connector and the cable are avoided, and the performance of the radio frequency front end can be tested by using a traditional testing method. Fig. 3 shows a real product of the adapter structure with the joint, in which Rogers5880 is used as a dielectric substrate and the dielectric constant is 2.2. Fig. 4 shows HFSS simulation results of the S parameter versus frequency curve of the adapting structure, which shows that the adapting structure is feasible.
In order to verify the feasibility of the substrate integrated waveguide end-fed microstrip patch antenna, two patch structures, respectively, a dual E-shaped microstrip patch antenna having a schematic structural diagram shown in fig. 5 and a microstrip dual-layer patch antenna having a schematic structural diagram shown in fig. 9, were tried.
Fig. 6 is a real diagram of a dual E-shaped microstrip patch antenna fed by an end of a substrate integrated waveguide, after simulation optimization, physical dimensions of patches are respectively 2.4mm for W, 6mm for L, 2.2mm for s, 0.3mm for G, 1.8mm for h, and 0.25mm for d, a dielectric substrate adopts Rogers5880, a dielectric constant is 2.2, and screw pitches in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction are both 7mm (0.6 wavelength), which can meet requirements of a transverse array and a longitudinal array. Fig. 7 and 8 are S-parameter curves, E-plane directional diagram curves, and H-plane directional diagram curves of the dual E-shaped patch antenna fed by the substrate integrated waveguide end, respectively, and it can be known from the diagrams that the microstrip patch antenna adopting the feeding mode can realize good impedance matching characteristics and directional diagram characteristics.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-layer microstrip patch antenna with substrate integrated waveguide end feed, in order to approach the resonant frequency of two patches, two cushion blocks made of teflon are added as supports. The two patches are 3.2mm by 3.2mm square patches, the dielectric substrate adopts Rogers5880, and the dielectric constant is 2.2. In order to avoid the influence of the metal screws on the surface current distribution, the center distance between the two metal M1 screws in the horizontal and vertical squares is about 7mm (0.6 wavelength), and the distance can meet the requirements of the transverse and longitudinal arrays. Fig. 10 and 11 are S-parameter curves, E-plane directional diagram curves, and H-plane directional diagram curves of the substrate integrated waveguide end-fed dual-layer microstrip patch antenna, respectively, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the microstrip patch antenna adopting the feeding mode can achieve good impedance matching characteristics and directional diagram characteristics.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
It should be noted that the terms "first \ second \ third" referred to in the embodiments of the present application merely distinguish similar objects, and do not represent a specific ordering for the objects, and it should be understood that "first \ second \ third" may exchange a specific order or sequence when allowed. It should be understood that "first \ second \ third" distinct objects may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein may be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.
The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the embodiments of the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or device that comprises a list of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules but may alternatively include other steps or modules not listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or device.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A low-loss switching device of a substrate integrated waveguide end feed antenna is characterized by comprising a substrate integrated waveguide, a microstrip patch antenna unit, a metal structural member and a metal screw; the microstrip patch antenna unit is arranged at a floor slot, and the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the microstrip patch antenna unit through the metal structural member and the metal screw; the substrate integrated waveguide receives electromagnetic energy and couples the electromagnetic energy to the microstrip patch antenna element.
2. The adapting device of the low-loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding mode of the microstrip patch antenna unit is substrate integrated waveguide end-fed.
3. The adapting device of the low-loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna according to claim 1, wherein the plane of the microstrip patch antenna unit is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate integrated waveguide.
4. The low-loss switching device of an end-fed antenna of a substrate integrated waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic energy is directly coupled to the microstrip patch antenna through the cross-section of the substrate integrated waveguide and radiated out through the microstrip patch antenna unit.
5. The adapting device of the low-loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna according to claim 1, further comprising an open-circuit microstrip line, wherein the open-circuit microstrip line is connected to the substrate integrated waveguide through the metal structural member and a metal screw; the distance from the tail end of the open-circuit microstrip line to the center of the slot gap of the floor is optimized by taking one fourth of the wavelength of the waveguide as an initial value.
6. The adapting device of the low-loss substrate integrated waveguide end-fed antenna according to claim 5, wherein the plane of the open-circuit microstrip line is perpendicular to the plane of the substrate integrated waveguide.
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| CN113571892A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 海信集团控股股份有限公司 | Antenna device, vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar and automobile |
| CN113573349A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-10-29 | 南京迈创立电子科技有限公司 | Performance test system and method of millimeter wave communication equipment |
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