CN112048013A - 靶向脑胶质瘤的多肽化合物及其合成方法与应用 - Google Patents
靶向脑胶质瘤的多肽化合物及其合成方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112048013A CN112048013A CN201910484585.1A CN201910484585A CN112048013A CN 112048013 A CN112048013 A CN 112048013A CN 201910484585 A CN201910484585 A CN 201910484585A CN 112048013 A CN112048013 A CN 112048013A
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Abstract
本发明涉及靶向脑胶质瘤的多肽化合物及其合成方法与应用,具体公开了一种靶向用多肽,其包含SEQ ID No.1的多肽序列,其中,所述多肽的长度为少于35个氨基酸,且所述多肽中至少包含3个半胱氨酸。还公开了一种双环化合物,其靶向用多肽与式I所示的化合物形成的双环化合物。本发明的技术方案半衰期长,靶向性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域,具体涉及靶向脑胶质瘤的多肽化合物及其合成方法与应用
背景技术
脑胶质瘤是由大脑和脊髓胶质细胞癌变所产生的、最常见的原发性颅内肿瘤,具有生长快速,切除后容易复发,治疗风险高的特点。应用现有的治疗手段,病人的平均存活时间低于12个月,脑肿瘤仍然是全身肿瘤中预后最差的肿瘤之一。因此,迫切需要开发新型脑胶质瘤靶向显像和治疗方法来对抗这种恶性疾病。
脑胶质瘤是由大脑和脊髓胶质细胞癌变所产生的、最常见的原发性颅内肿瘤,发生率约占全部颅内肿瘤的40%。根据世界卫生组织公布按死亡率顺序排位,恶性胶质瘤是34岁以下肿瘤患者的第2位死亡原因,是35-54岁患者的第3位死亡原因。脑胶质瘤的治疗方法包括手术、化疗、放疗以及细胞免疫治疗等,其中手术在胶质瘤的综合治疗中是最主要的手段,患者的生存期及生存质量与手术切除程度密切相关,彻底切除肿瘤是提高患者生存期及生活质量的关键所在。然而由于胶质瘤系浸润性生长物,它和正常脑组织没有明显界限,难以完全切除;同时,因血脑屏障等因素的影响,化学药物和一般抗肿瘤的中药疗效也不理想,脑胶质瘤至今仍是全身肿瘤中预后最差的肿瘤之一,患者的当年死亡率超50%。因此,加强化学、生物、药学和医学方面的合作,开发一种有效的方法来治疗这种恶性疾病,意义重大而且迫在眉睫。
近年来,大量研究表明蝎氯毒素(Chlorotoxin,CTX,图1)能够通过血脑屏障,与胶质瘤细胞特异性表达的氯离子通道(GCC)以及上调表达的基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)结合,从而抑制其侵袭生长和迁移。此外,最近的研究显示膜联蛋白A2也是CTX在肿瘤细胞上的一个分子靶标,膜联蛋白A2与蛋白P11形成的复合物在多种肿瘤细胞表面过表达,并且与肿瘤的恶性程度正相关。因此,CTX能够与脑胶质瘤细胞高特异性、高亲和性地结合,而与正常细胞不结合。当CTX被125I、131I、生物素或荧光素等分子标记后,其与脑胶质瘤细胞特异结合的能力并不受影响。2007年,美国Olson教授研究团队将CTX与Cy5.5相结合制备了一种荧光探针,该探针能够将高表达MMP-2的胶质瘤、肺腺癌及前列腺癌等恶性肿瘤进行“肿瘤染色”,动物实验研究发现它可清楚地区分肿瘤与正常组织,并能检测到少于几百个细胞的淋巴结转移灶。作为一种具有脑胶质瘤细胞靶向性的天然多肽,蝎氯毒素(CTX)不仅具有良好的蛋白酶稳定性,并且能够高特异性、高亲和性地结合脑胶质瘤细胞,将荧光素、治疗性药物、纳米探针以及磁共振成像造影剂等运送到肿瘤组织当中,在脑胶质瘤靶向诊疗方面具有非常好的应用前景。(Ojeda,P.G.;Wang,C.K.;Craik,D.J.Chlorotoxin:structure,activity,and potential uses in cancer therapy.Peptide Science 2016,106,25–36)。
蝎氯毒素CTX来源于以色列蝎,是一个由36个氨基酸组成、含4对二硫键的神经毒素多肽。作为一种肿瘤受体特异性靶向探针,CTX在脑胶质瘤靶向显像和治疗方面具有非常好的应用前景。尽管CTX在脑胶质瘤诊疗方面具有很大的潜力,但其自身结构的复杂性给该化合物的合成、研究及应用带来了极大的挑战NMR数据显示,其二级结构包含由Gln11-Gly21构成的α-螺旋,Met1-Pro4构成的β-片层,以及Gly26-Cys33构成的β-发夹结构(其中Gly30-Pro31之间形成β-折叠),通过CysI-CysIV,CysII-CysVI,CysIII-CysVII以及CysV-CysVIII之间的4对二硫键形成稳定的三维空间结构。(图1)目前,CTX可以通过三种方法来获得,包括从蝎的毒液中分离纯化,采用分子生物学手段重组表达以及化学合成。受原材料与技术的制约,前两种方法难以实现目标多肽的规模化制备,而CTX的化学合成也具有很大的难度。由于含有4对二硫键,在合成过程中往往产生多个异构体与低聚物,造成产物的收率很低,并且分离纯化困难,CTX的化学合成难度大、成本高、效率低,严重限制了它在肿瘤诊疗方面的研究与应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺点,本发明以CTX的化学结构为基础,设计并合成了具有脑胶质瘤靶向性的多肽,并全面评价该类化合物的理化性质与生物活性,为实现脑胶质瘤的精准治疗筛选出具有临床应用潜能的稳定穿膜肽。
本发明一个方面提供了一种靶向用多肽,其包含SEQ ID No.1的多肽序列
CMPAFTTDHQCARKADDAC SEQ ID No.1
其中,所述多肽的长度为少于35个氨基酸,且所述多肽中至少包含3个半胱氨酸;多肽的长度优选为少于25个氨基酸,更优选少于21个氨基酸,最优选15-21个氨基酸。
在本发明的技术方案中,所述多肽的N端为NH2或在NH2上修饰了乙酰基。
在本发明的技术方案中,所述多肽的C端为修饰了NH2基。
在本发明的技术方案中,所述多肽优选为SEQ ID No.2或SEQ ID No.3所示的多肽序列
MCMPAFTTDHQCARKADDACG-NH2 SEQ ID No.2;
AcCMPAFTTDHQCARKADDAC-NH2 SEQ ID No.3。
本发明另一个方面提供了一种双环化合物,其由本发明所述的靶向用多肽与式I所示的化合物形成的双环化合物,或所述的靶向用多肽与中国专利申请(申请号为:CN201910433290.1)中的式I所示的化合物形成的双环化合物;
其中,A选自叠氮基或炔基,
X选自-CH2-、-OCO-、-COO,或-CONH-;
R选自Br、Cl、I、烯基;
n1选自0、1、2、3、4、5或6;
n2选自1、2、3、4、5或6;
其中,式I化合物的R基与靶向用多肽的半胱氨酸侧链巯基反应形成硫醚键,获得双环化合物。
在本发明的技术方案中,式I所示的化合物选自
n1选自0、1、2、3、4、5或6;
n2选自1、2、3、4、5或6。
本发明再一个方面提供了一种靶向用标记探针,所述探针为本发明所述的双环化合物,且其A基团上偶联了荧光分子。
在本发明的技术方案中,所述的荧光分子为萘酰亚胺类染料、荧光素类染料、氟化硼二吡咯类染料、萘类染料、芴-苯并噻二唑共聚物荧光染料、硝基苯并噁二唑、钙黄绿素、HEX、Cy5、Cy5.5、Cy7.5、ROX、Bodipy 630/650、LCRed 640、Alexa Fluor 488、Alexa Fluor750、ICG、Ce6、亚甲蓝、荧光素纳、5-ALA、FITC、罗丹明中的一种或多种。
本发明再一个方面提供了一种靶向用标记探针的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)使用DMF溶解本发明所述的双环化合物与荧光分子,
2)加入CuI和有机碱Et3N或DIEA反应至完全,纯化后得到靶向用标记探针;
或者1)使用叔丁醇/水/甲醇或四氢呋喃溶解本发明所述的双环化合物与荧光分子,
2)加入CuSO4与抗坏血酸钠或抗坏血酸,反应至完全,纯化后得到靶向用标记探针。
本发明再一个方面提供了本发明所述的靶向用多肽作为靶向脑胶质瘤受体的靶向剂的用途。
本发明再一个方面提供了靶向用标记探针用于制备脑胶质瘤检测试剂盒的用途。
有益效果
本发明的靶向用多肽制备方法简单,半衰期长,且靶向特异性强。
附图说明
图1为双环-Px的血清稳定性结果。
图2为FITC-双环-Px的细胞摄取结果。
图3为FITC-双环-Px与胶质瘤U87以及血管内皮细胞bEnd3的流式细胞分析。
图4为Cy-双环-Px的原位脑胶质瘤荧光成像。
图5为Cy-双环-Px的脑部荧光成像以及Cy-双环-P3在各脏器中的分布。
图6为Cy-双环-Px的脑切片荧光成像。
图7为Cy-双环-Px的脑切片染色图像。
具体实施方式
实施例1多官能团有机化合物4的合成:
(1)化合物3的合成:
将三羟甲基氨基甲烷(1)(1.21g,10mmol)与炔丙基氯甲酸酯(2)(1.427g,12mmol)溶于1,4-二氧六环/水(1:1,10mL)中,加入NaHCO3(1.68g,20mmol),室温搅拌过夜,用乙酸乙酯萃取(50ml×3),合并有机相,用水和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,硅胶柱层析,得到产物3为无色粘稠液体(1.62g,80%)。
(2)化合物4的合成:
将化合物3(0.4g,2mmol)溶于无水THF(10mL)中,加入Et3N(1.67mL,12mmol),冰浴下加入丙烯酰氯(0.73mL,9mmol)以及4-二甲氨基吡啶(15mg),撤去冰浴,反应24h,用乙酸乙酯萃取(50mL×3),合并有机相,用水和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压蒸除溶剂,硅胶柱层析,得到产物4为无色粘稠液体(0.55g,75%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.50(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.53(br s,6H),4.67(d,J=2.0Hz,2H),5.41(br s,1H),5.91(dd,J=10.8,1.6Hz,3H),6.14(dd,J=17.2,10.4Hz,3H),6.45(dd,J=17.2,1.2Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ52.7,57.5,62.9,75.0,77.7,127.5,132.2,153.8,165.5.
实施例2多肽序列的合成:
以Rink Amide AM树脂为固相载体,使用常规的Fmoc策略的固相合成方法,合成以下多肽序列,以TFA/TIS/H2O为切割试剂,切除树脂得到多肽粗品,用制备型HPLC纯化,收集产物,冷冻干燥,得到多肽纯品。
P1:MCMPAFTTDHQMARKADDCAGGKGRGKAYGPQCLCR-NH2
P2:MCMPAFTTDHQCARKADDACG-NH2
P3:AcCMPAFTTDHQCARKADDAC-NH2
P4:ACGGKGRGKCYGPQALCR-NH2
P5:CQMARKADDCAGGKGRGKC-NH2
实施例3多肽序列的环化:
对化合物P1-P5(Px),使用多官能团有机化合物1与分别与P1-P5肽链中的三个巯基反应,合成具有双环结构的多肽。具体方法如下:
将多肽Px(5μmol)溶于NH4HCO3水溶液(pH8-9)(0.7ml),冰浴下加入化合物1(2.2mg,6μmol)的乙腈(0.3ml)溶液,反应2h,用半制备型HPLC纯化,收集产物,冷冻干燥,得到环化产物双环-Px(约70%)。
双环-P1:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C172H274N53O54S6[M+3H]3+1379.2877,found 1379.2873.
双环-P2:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C107H164N30O38S5[M+2H]2+1318.5208,found 1318.5120.
双环-P3:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C102H154N28O37S4[M+2H]2+1245.4951,found 1245.4947.
双环-P4:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C91H147N29O28S3[M+2H]2+1095.0061,found1095.0139.
双环-P5:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C91H153N31O32S4[M+2H]2+1160.0085,found1159.9848.
实施例4荧光环状多肽FITC-双环-Px的制备:
双环-Px与荧光分子FITC-N3的偶联反应:
将多肽双环-Px(2μmol)和FITC-N3(1.2mg,2.5μmol)溶于DMF(0.5ml)中,向该溶液中加入Et3N(50μL)以及CuI(1mg),室温下震荡反应12h,粗产物用半制备型HPLC纯化,收集产物,冷冻干燥,得到偶联产物FITC-双环-Px。
FITC-双环-P1:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C196H295O60N57S7[M+7H]7+661.5684,found 661.5705.
FITC-双环-P2:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C131H183N35O43S6[M+2H]2+1563.0761,found 1563.0746.
FITC-双环-P3:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C126H173N33O42S5[M+2H]2+1490.0504,found 1490.0522.
FITC-双环-P4:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C115H165N34O33S4[M+H]+2678.1156,found 2677.0997.
FITC-双环-P5:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C115H172N36O37S5[M+2H]2+1404.5638,found 1404.5548.
双环-Px与荧光分子Cy5.5-N3的偶联反应:
将多肽双环-Px(2μmol)和Cy5.5-N3(1.8mg,2.5μmol)溶于叔丁醇/甲醇/水(0.5:1:0.5,0.5ml)中,向该溶液中加入催化量CuSO4以及抗坏血酸钠,室温下震荡反应12h,粗产物用半制备型HPLC纯化,收集产物,冷冻干燥,得到偶联产物Cy-双环-Px。
Cy-双环-P1:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C215H323N59O55S6[M+3H]4+1200.8148,found 1200.8390.
Cy-双环-P2:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C150H212N36O39S5[M+H]2+1650.7152,found 1650.6996.
Cy-双环-P3:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C145H202N34O38S4[M+H]2+1577.6896,found 1577.6872.
Cy-双环-P4:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C134H195N35O29S3[M+H]2+1427.2006,found 1427.2017.
Cy-双环-P5:HRMS(ESI-TOF)m/z:calcd.for C134H202N37O33S4[M+3H]4+746.3533,found 746.3541.
实施例5环状多肽双环-Px的血浆稳定性实验:
双环-Px血浆稳定性实验:将不同的双环-Px样品与大鼠血浆在37℃下分别孵育0,0.5,1,2,4,5,6,8,12和24h,每个时间点取样品40L与40L 6M的尿素充分混合后在4℃静置,10min后再加入40L的三氯乙酸,同样在4℃孵育10min。接下来14,000g的转速离心10min,取上清。用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测上清中剩余的双环-Px。研究发现,线型肽P2和P3在血清中很快降解,10分钟后几乎检测不到剩余的多肽。相比之下,环化后得到的双环-Px的血浆稳定性显著提高。双环-P4的稳定性最差,半衰期为1.5小时;双环-P1,双环-P5和双环-P2的半衰期为4-10小时;双环-P3的稳定性最好,半衰期约为15小时。(图1)
实施例6荧光环状多肽FITC-双环-Px的细胞实验:
FITC-双环-Px与脑胶质瘤细胞的结合实验:使用2M的FITC-双环-Px与脑胶质瘤细胞U-87MG及小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞b.End3在37℃共孵育2h,使用流式细胞仪对双环肽与U-87MG细胞结合的特异性及亲和性进行考察,并使用激光共聚焦显微镜(Confocalmicroscopy)观察双环肽在肿瘤细胞中的分布,初步筛选能够特异性结合脑胶质瘤细胞的双环肽。研究发现,FITC-双环-Px均能够被胶质瘤U-87MG细胞所摄取,其中FITC-双环-P3的荧光信号强度最强,FITC-双环-P4和FITC-双环-P5的荧光信号强度最弱。(图2)FITC-双环-P1,FITC-双环-P2,FITC-双环-P3,FITC-双环-P4和FITC-双环-P5仅能被小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞b.End3轻微摄取。流式细胞分析结果表明FITC-双环-P1,FITC-双环-P2,FITC-双环-P3,FITC-双环-P4和FITC-双环-P5均能够特异性结合胶质瘤U-87MG细胞,因此能够对胶质瘤细胞和正常血管内皮细胞进行很好的区分。(图3)
实施例7荧光环状多肽Cy-双环-Px的动物实验:
颅内胶质瘤肿瘤模型的建立:选用6-8周Balb/c裸鼠,每组8只,通过立体定向技术将3~5l约1×l06个转染荧光素酶基因的脑胶质瘤U-87 LUC细胞穿刺注射于小鼠前囟前1mm,中线右侧2mm,深度3.5mm处,5-8天后成瘤。经腹腔注射荧光素酶底物D-Luciferin,5min后,使用Cliper spectrum IVIS小动物三维成像系统,通过生物发光成像判断肿瘤的大小和位置。每组筛选出4-5只,加入Cy-双环-Px进行体内荧光成像实验。
Cy-双环-Px的体内成像/示踪实验:经荷胶质瘤细胞株裸鼠的尾静脉注射100μl浓度为20M的Cy-双环-Px,4h后使用小动物三维成像仪进行实时荧光成像,监测CTX双环肽探针在荷瘤鼠体内的生物学分布及代谢情况,考察双环肽荧光探针是否能够特异性靶向胶质瘤病灶并将其充分“染色”。经过定量分析发现,Cy-双环-P1、Cy-双环-P4和Cy-双环-P5虽然能够富集在小鼠脑部肿瘤部位,但是荧光信号微弱,Cy-双环-P2和Cy-双环-P3能够富集在小鼠脑部肿瘤部位,产生强荧光信号。(图4)动物水平成像结束后,立即将注射Cy-双环-P3的老鼠进行了解剖,探究双环肽荧光探针在体内器官的分布。发现在肾脏和肝脏中荧光信号最强,这代表双环肽在体内的代谢是非常迅速的,同时证明对机体的“副作用”是非常微弱的,符合其作为一种体内肿瘤“染色剂”的基本要求。(图5)为进一步分析“染色”细节,将小鼠脑子剖出,4%多聚甲醛固定后切片,厚度为50m。将脑切片与一抗Nestin(Mouse1:400)和TUJ1(Rabbit1:1000)共同孵育后,再用二抗(anti-mouse Ex/Em:488/520nm;anti-rabbit Ex/Em:561/590nm)与DAPI(Ex/Em:405/460nm)按照1:500的比例孵育,封片后使用Odyssey Clx双红外成像仪器在近红外700nm扫描,(图6)并且用共聚焦显微镜成像。(图7)结果发现Cy-双环-P2和Cy-双环-P3能够富集在小鼠脑部肿瘤部位,产生强荧光信号,与动物水平成像具有一致性。
综合血清稳定性实验、细胞以及动物水平的实验结果,双环-P2-1/2和双环-P3具有较好的血浆稳定性以及脑胶质瘤靶向性,在双环-P2和双环-P3偶联荧光基团能够应用于脑胶质瘤的荧光成像,在双环-P2-和双环-P3上偶联具有抗肿瘤药物能够应用于脑胶质瘤的靶向治疗,因而化合物双环-P2和双环-P3在脑胶质瘤的靶向诊疗方面具有潜在的应用价值。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 深圳先进技术研究院
<120> 靶向脑胶质瘤的多肽化合物及其合成方法与应用
<130> CP11801546C
<160> 8
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 19
<212> PRT
<213> 脑胶质瘤靶向多肽
<400> 1
Cys Met Pro Ala Phe Thr Thr Asp His Gln Cys Ala Arg Lys Ala Asp
1 5 10 15
Asp Ala Cys
<210> 2
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<212> PRT
<213> 脑胶质瘤靶向多肽
<400> 2
Met Cys Met Pro Ala Phe Thr Thr Asp His Gln Cys Ala Arg Lys Ala
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Asp Asp Ala Cys Gly
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<210> 3
<211> 21
<212> PRT
<213> 脑胶质瘤靶向多肽
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Ala Cys Cys Met Pro Ala Phe Thr Thr Asp His Gln Cys Ala Arg Lys
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Ala Asp Asp Ala Cys
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Claims (9)
1.一种靶向用多肽,其包含SEQ ID No.1的多肽序列
CMPAFTTDHQCARKADDAC SEQ ID No.1
其中,所述多肽的长度为少于35个氨基酸,且所述多肽中至少包含3个半胱氨酸;多肽的长度优选为少于25个氨基酸,更优选少于21个氨基酸,最优选15-21个氨基酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的靶向用多肽,所述多肽的N端为NH2或在NH2上修饰了乙酰基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的靶向用多肽,所述多肽的C端为修饰了NH2基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的靶向用多肽,所述多肽为SEQ ID No.2或SEQ ID No.3所示的多肽序列
MCMPAFTTDHQCARKADDACG-NH2 SEQ ID No.2;
AcCMPAFTTDHQCARKADDAC-NH2 SEQ ID No.3。
6.一种靶向用标记探针,所述探针为权利要求5所述的双环化合物,且其A基团上偶联了荧光分子;
优选地,所述的荧光分子为萘酰亚胺类染料、荧光素类染料、氟化硼二吡咯类染料、萘类染料、芴-苯并噻二唑共聚物荧光染料、硝基苯并噁二唑、钙黄绿素、HEX、Cy5、Cy5.5、Cy7.5、ROX、Bodipy 630/650、LCRed 640、Alexa Fluor 488、Alexa Fluor 750、ICG、Ce6、亚甲蓝、荧光素纳、5-ALA、FITC、罗丹明中的一种或多种。
7.权利要求6所述的靶向用标记探针的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)使用DMF溶解本发明所述的双环化合物与荧光分子,
2)加入CuI和有机碱Et3N或DIEA反应至完全,纯化后得到靶向用标记探针;
或者1)使用叔丁醇/水/甲醇或四氢呋喃溶解本发明所述的双环化合物与荧光分子,
3)加入CuSO4与抗坏血酸钠或抗坏血酸,反应至完全,纯化后得到靶向用标记探针。
8.权利要求1-4任一项所述的靶向用多肽或者权利要求5所述的双环化合物,作为靶向脑胶质瘤受体的靶向剂的用途。
9.权利要求6所述的靶向用标记探针在制备脑胶质瘤检测试剂盒中的用途。
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