CN112047931B - FXIa凝血因子抑制剂、其药物组合物和用途 - Google Patents
FXIa凝血因子抑制剂、其药物组合物和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
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- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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- A61K31/513—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cytosine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D237/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings
- C07D237/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D237/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D237/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D237/14—Oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D237/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings
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- C07D237/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D237/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazine or hydrogenated 1,2-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D237/14—Oxygen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
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- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/34—One oxygen atom
- C07D239/36—One oxygen atom as doubly bound oxygen atom or as unsubstituted hydroxy radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种FXIa凝血因子抑制剂、其药物组合物和用途。具体地,本发明公开了一种如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。本发明还公开了一种包含如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的药物组合物,以及如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的应用。本发明的化合物结构新颖,对FXIa具有良好的抑制活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种FXIa凝血因子抑制剂、其药物组合物和用途。
背景技术
血液凝固是各种血浆蛋白、共因子和血小板协调激活的结果。这一级联反应被分成内源性(接触激活)途径、外源性(组织因子激活)途径和共同(凝血酶原和凝血酶的产生)途径。血液凝固过程中最重要的生理过程是激活组织因子。组织因子与因子VIIa形成复合物,催化激活因子十(FX),活化的FXa进而裂解凝血酶原产生活化的凝血酶(FIIa)。活化的凝血酶(FIIa)作为凝血过程的中心催化酶,催化纤维蛋白原裂解为纤维蛋白,起到凝血作用。该外源性途径参与的酶数量少,见效快。内源性途径是机体固有的凝血途径,通过级联反应激活十二因子(FXIIa)、十一因子(FXIa)、九因子(FIXa)和八因子(FVIIIa),进而激活十因子(FXa)和下游的中心凝血酶(FIIa)。凝血酶反过来又激活十一因子(FXIa),产生放大效应,加速凝血。内源性途径参与凝血的酶较多,且全部来自血液,一般见效比较慢。
整个凝血过程中,FXa起到非常关键的作用。作为外源性和内源性凝血途径的下游共同调节因子,其拮抗剂被广泛用于各种血栓的预防和治疗。现有多种FXa的拮抗剂上市,因其显著疗效而占据了心血管药物市场。然而,它们的副作用发生概率也是比较大的,最突出的就是出血风险。为解决出血问题,内源性途径上的FXIa就成为了各大公司和机构的研究热点。
FXIa作为更安全的抗凝靶点的潜力在C型血友病人身上得以体现。FXIa缺乏的C型血友病患者没有主动出血的现象,这与八因子缺乏的A型血友病及九因子缺乏的B型血友病患者容易出血对比明显。虽然有限的样本数(115名患者)研究表明FXIa因子缺陷不能保护患者免受急性心肌缺血,但却发现这类患者具有较低的缺血性脑卒中和深静脉血栓发病率。
基因敲除小鼠实验发现,小鼠选择性基因敲除共同通路因子(FX、FV及FII)和外源性因子(组织因子和FVII)会导致产前或围产期致死。FVIII和FIX基因敲除小鼠虽然能够存活,但是经常会伴随严重出血,这与人类体内缺乏FVIII和FIX会造成严重出血风险的血友病A和B类似。而选择性敲除FXI的小鼠则能正常繁殖。并且,FXI缺失能够保护小鼠抵抗氯化铁诱导的动脉血栓的形成。同时,FXI的缺失并不影响小鼠的出血及止血功能。因此,该实验表明,抑制FXI不仅可以阻止血栓形成,而且是安全耐受的。
许多针对FXIa的抗体、小分子及反义核苷酸也在动物或者是临床上证实了抑制FXIa可以有效地预防血栓形成。但是与现有的抗血栓药物(例如依诺肝素)相比,出血的风险大大降低。以上表明,FXIa与人类血栓性疾病密切联系,抑制FXIa具有显著的抗凝效果,但无明显的出血倾向,可以大大降低临床抗凝过程的出血风险。
因此,开发具有抗凝血效果好,且副作用小的化合物具有重要的研究意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有的FXIa抑制剂结构单一的缺陷,而提供了一种FXIa凝血因子抑制剂、其药物组合物和用途。本发明的化合物结构新颖,对FXIa具有良好的抑制活性。
本发明通过以下技术方案解决上述技术问题。
本发明提供了一种如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其结构如下,
其中,环A为C6-10的芳环、或、“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-6元的杂芳基;
环B为其中,a端与环A相连,b端与相连;
n为0,1,2,3,4或5;
m为0,1或2;
R1和R2独立地为羟基、羧基、氰基、卤素、未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基、未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基、或、未取代或R1-3取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”的5-10元的杂芳基;
R1-1、R1-2和R1-3独立地为卤素、C1-4的烷基、或、C1-4的烷氧基;
R3为未取代或R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基、或、未取代或R3-2取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-10元的杂芳基;
R3-1和R3-2独立地为羧基。
本发明中,当环A为C6-10的芳环时,所述的C6-10的芳环可为苯环。
本发明中,当环A为“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”的5-10元的杂芳环时,所述的5-10元的杂芳环可为5-6元单环的杂芳基、或、9-10元的双环的杂芳基。所述的5-6元单环的杂芳基例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基或嘧啶基。所述的9-10元的双环的杂芳基例如吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基。
本发明中,当n为2,3,4或5时,所述的R1相互独立,可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R1为卤素时,所述的卤素可为氟、氯、溴或碘,又可为氟或氯;
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基时,所述的R1-1的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2或3个,当存在多个R1-1时,所述的R1-1可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基时,所述的C1-6的烷基可为C1-4的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,又可为甲基。
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基时,所述的R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基可为-CHF2或-CF3。
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基时,所述的R1-2的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2或3个,当存在多个R1-2时,所述的R1-2可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基时,所述的C1-6的烷氧基可为C1-4的烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基,又可为甲氧基。
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基时,所述的R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基可为-OCHF2。
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-3取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-10元的杂芳基时,所述的R1-3的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2或3个,当存在多个R1-3时,所述的R1-3可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R1为未取代或R1-3取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-10元的杂芳基时,所述的5-10元的杂芳基可为5-6元单环的杂芳基、或、9-10元的双环的杂芳基。所述的5-6元单环的杂芳基例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基或嘧啶基,又可为四唑基,例如所述的9-10元的双环的杂芳基例如吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基。
本发明中,当m为2时,所述的R2相互独立,可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R2为卤素时,所述的卤素可为氟、氯、溴或碘,又可为氟或氯;
本发明中,当R2为未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基时,所述的R1-1的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2或3个,当存在多个R1-1时,所述的R1-1可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R2为未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基时,所述的C1-6的烷基可为C1-4的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,又可为甲基。
本发明中,当R2为未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基时,所述的R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基可为-CF3。
本发明中,当R2为未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基时,所述的R1-2的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2或3个,当存在多个R1-2时,所述的R1-2可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R2为未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基时,所述的C1-6的烷氧基可为C1-4的烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基,又可为甲氧基。
本发明中,当R2为未取代或R1-3取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-10元的杂芳基时,所述的R1-3的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2或3个,当存在多个R1-3时,所述的R1-3可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R2为未取代或R1-3取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-10元的杂芳基时,所述的5-10元的杂芳基可为5-6元单环的杂芳基、或、9-10元的双环的杂芳基。所述的5-6元单环的杂芳基例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基或嘧啶基。所述的9-10元的双环的杂芳基例如吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基。
本发明中,当R1-1为卤素时,所述的卤素可为氟、氯、溴或碘,又可为氟。
本发明中,当R1-1为C1-4的烷基时,所述的C1-4的烷基可为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
本发明中,当R1-1为C1-4的烷氧基时,所述的C1-4的烷氧基可为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基。
本发明中,当R1-2为卤素时,所述的卤素可为氟、氯、溴或碘,又可为氟。
本发明中,当R1-2为C1-4的烷基时,所述的C1-4的烷基可为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
本发明中,当R1-2为C1-4的烷氧基时,所述的C1-4的烷氧基可为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基。
本发明中,当R1-3为卤素时,所述的卤素可为氟、氯、溴或碘,又可为氟。
本发明中,当R1-3为C1-4的烷基时,所述的C1-4的烷基可为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
本发明中,当R1-3为C1-4的烷氧基时,所述的C1-4的烷氧基可为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基或叔丁氧基。
本发明中,当R3为未取代或R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基时,所述的R3-1的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2、3或4个,当存在多个R3-1时,所述的R3-1可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R3为未取代或R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基时,所述的C6-10的芳基可为苯基。
本发明中,当R3为未取代或R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基时,所述的R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基可为
本发明中,当R3为未取代或R3-2取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-10元的杂芳基时,所述的R3-2的个数可为1个或多个,例如1、2、3或4个,当存在多个R3-2时,所述的R3-2可相同或不同。
本发明中,当R3为未取代或R3-2取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-10元的杂芳基时,所述的5-10元的杂芳基可为5-6元单环的杂芳基、或、9-10元的双环的杂芳基。所述的5-6元单环的杂芳基例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、三唑基、四唑基、吡啶基或嘧啶基。所述的9-10元的双环的杂芳基例如吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
环A为C6-10的芳环;
环B为
R1为卤素、未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基、未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基、或、未取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-6元的杂芳基;
R2为氰基、卤素、未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基、或、未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基;
R1-1和R1-2独立地为卤素;
R3为未取代或R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基;
R3-1为羧基。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
环A为C6-10的芳环;
环B为
R1为卤素、或、未取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-6元的杂芳基;
m=0;
R3为未取代或R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基;
R3-1为羧基。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
环A为C6-10的芳环。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
环B为
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
环B为
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
R1为卤素、未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基、未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基、或、未取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-6元的杂芳基。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
R1为卤素、或、未取代的“杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子个数为1-4个”5-6元的杂芳基。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
R2为氰基、卤素、未取代或R1-1取代的C1-6的烷基、或、未取代或R1-2取代的C1-6的烷氧基。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
m=0。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
R1-1和R1-2独立地为卤素。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
R3为未取代或R3-1取代的C6-10的芳基。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示的化合物的某些基团的定义如下(未定义的基团如前任一方案所述):
R3-1为羧基。
在某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的化合物可为如式II-1和如式II-2所示的化合物的混合物:
其中,如式II-1和如式II-2所示的化合物的比例为1:1,例如外消旋体;R1、R2和R3同前所述。
在某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的化合物可为外消旋体。
在某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的化合物可为如式II-1或如式II-2所示的化合物:
其中,R1、R2和R3同前所述。
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示化合物可为如下任一化合物:
在某一方案中,所述的式I所示化合物可为如下任一化合物,其中,以“*”标记的碳原子为R构型或S构型的碳原子:
在某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的化合物为如下结构所示化合物,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:3.355分钟。
在某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的化合物为如下结构所示化合物,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:12.366分钟。
在某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的化合物可为如下结构所示化合物,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:3.809分钟。
在某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的化合物为如下结构所示化合物,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:5.766分钟。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包括上述的如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药用辅料。
所述的药物组合物中,所述的如式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用量可为治疗有效量。
所述的药用辅料可为药物生产领域中广泛采用的那些辅料。辅料主要用于提供一个安全、稳定和功能性的药物组合物,还可以提供方法,使受试者接受给药后活性成分以所期望速率溶出,或促进受试者接受组合物给药后活性成分得到有效吸收。所述的药用辅料可以是惰性填充剂,或者提供某种功能,例如稳定该组合物的整体pH值或防止组合物活性成分的降解。所述的药用辅料可以包括下列辅料中的一种或多种:粘合剂、助悬剂、乳化剂、稀释剂、填充剂、成粒剂、胶粘剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、抗粘着剂、助流剂、润湿剂、胶凝剂、吸收延迟剂、溶解抑制剂、增强剂、吸附剂、缓冲剂、螯合剂、防腐剂、着色剂、矫味剂和甜味剂。
本发明的药物组合物可根据公开的内容使用本领域技术人员已知的任何方法来制备。例如,常规混合、溶解、造粒、乳化、磨细、包封、包埋或冻干工艺。
本发明所述的药物组合物可以任何形式给药,包括注射(静脉内)、粘膜、口服(固体和液体制剂)、吸入、眼部、直肠、局部或胃肠外(输注、注射、植入、皮下、静脉内、动脉内、肌内)给药。本发明的药物组合物还可以是控释或延迟释放剂型(例如脂质体或微球)。固体口服制剂的实例包括但不限于粉末、胶囊、囊片、软胶囊剂和片剂。口服或粘膜给药的液体制剂实例包括但不限于悬浮液、乳液、酏剂和溶液。局部用制剂的实例包括但不限于乳剂、凝胶剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、贴剂、糊剂、泡沫剂、洗剂、滴剂或血清制剂。胃肠外给药的制剂实例包括但不限于注射用溶液、可以溶解或悬浮在药学上可接受载体中的干制剂、注射用悬浮液和注射用乳剂。所述的药物组合物的其它合适制剂的实例包括但不限于滴眼液和其他眼科制剂;气雾剂:如鼻腔喷雾剂或吸入剂;适于胃肠外给药的液体剂型;栓剂以及锭剂。
本发明还提供了一种上述的式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备FXIa抑制剂中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种上述的式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种上述的式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗与FXIa有关的疾病的药物中的应用。
本发明所述的与FXIa有关的疾病,较佳地为心脑血管疾病,其中所述的心脑血管疾病优选为血栓栓塞性疾病,更优选为心肌梗塞、心绞痛血管成型术或主动脉冠状动脉分流术后的再阻塞和再狭窄、弥散性血管内凝血、中风、短暂的局部缺血发作、周围动脉闭塞性疾病、肺栓塞或深部静脉血栓形成。
本发明还提供了一种上述的如式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备药物中的应用,所述的药物可用于治疗心脑血管疾病;所述的心脑血管疾病优选为血栓栓塞性疾病,更优选为心肌梗塞、心绞痛血管成型术或主动脉冠状动脉分流术后的再阻塞和再狭窄、弥散性血管内凝血、中风、短暂的局部缺血发作、周围动脉闭塞性疾病、肺栓塞或深部静脉血栓形成。
如无特别说明,本发明所用术语具有如下含义:
本发明中,“如式I所示化合物”如存在立体异构体,则可以以单一的立体异构体或它们的混合物(例如外消旋体)的形式存在。术语“立体异构体”是指顺反异构体或旋光异构体。这些立体异构体可以通过不对称合成方法或手性分离法(包括但不限于薄层色谱、旋转色谱、柱色谱、气相色谱、高压液相色谱等)分离、纯化及富集,还可以通过与其它手性化合物成键(化学结合等)或成盐(物理结合等)等方式进行手性拆分获得。术语“单一的立体异构体”是指本发明化合物的一种立体异构体相对于该化合物的所有立体异构体的质量含量不低于95%。
术语“多个”是指2个、3个、4个或5个。
术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
术语“烷基”是指具有指定的碳原子数的直链或支链烷基。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基及其类似烷基。
术语“烷氧基”是指基团-O-RX,其中,RX为如上文所定义的烷基。
术语“芳基”是指具有指定的碳原子数的芳香基团,可为单环、双环或者三环的芳香基团,当为双环或者三环时,每个环均满足休克尔规则。单环的芳基例如C6芳基(苯基),双环的芳基例如C10芳基(萘基)。
术语“杂芳基”是指含有杂原子的芳香基团,优选含有1个、2个或3个独立选自氮、氧和硫的芳族5-6元单环或9-10元双环,例如呋喃基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、噻吩基、异唑基、噁唑基、二唑基、咪唑基、吡咯基、吡唑基、三唑基、四唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噻二唑基、苯并咪唑基、吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻唑基、苯并异噻唑基、苯并唑基、苯并异唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基等。
在本发明中所使用的术语“药学上可接受的”,是针对那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型而言,它们在可靠的医学判断的范围之内,适用于与人类和动物的组织接触使用,而没有过多的毒性、刺激性、过敏性反应或其它问题或并发症,与合理的利益/风险比相称。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指本发明化合物的盐,由本发明发现的具有特定取代基的化合物与相对无毒的酸或碱制备。当本发明的化合物中含有相对酸性的功能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的碱与这类化合物的中性形式接触的方式获得碱加成盐。药学上可接受的碱加成盐包括钠、钾、钙、铵、有机氨或镁盐或类似的盐。当本发明的化合物中含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的酸与这类化合物的中性形式接触的方式获得酸加成盐。药学上可接受的酸加成盐的实例包括无机酸盐,所述无机酸包括例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、碳酸氢根、磷酸、磷酸一氢根、磷酸二氢根、硫酸、硫酸氢根、氢碘酸、亚磷酸等;以及有机酸盐,所述有机酸包括如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、马来酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、反丁烯二酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和甲磺酸等类似的酸;还包括氨基酸(如精氨酸等)的盐,以及如葡糖醛酸等有机酸的盐(参见Berge et al.,“PharmaceuticalSalts”,Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 66:1-19(1977))。本发明的某些特定的化合物含有碱性和酸性的官能团,从而可以被转换成任一碱或酸加成盐。优选地,以常规方式使盐与碱或酸接触,再分离母体化合物,由此再生化合物的中性形式。化合物的母体形式与其各种盐的形式的不同之处在于某些物理性质,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度不同。
本发明中,以“*”标记的碳原子为R构型或S构型的碳原子。
在不违背本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:本发明的化合物结构新颖,对FXIa具有良好的抑制活性,在血浆中具有较高的浓度,且具有良好的生物利用度。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例1:化合物I-1、I-54-a和I-54-b的合成
步骤1:化合物2的制备
将化合物1(1.0克)溶于水(20毫升)中,于0摄氏度下加入40%的氢溴酸水溶液(8毫升),在此温度下搅拌10分钟后,缓慢滴加亚硝酸钠(642毫克)的水(20毫升)溶液,并于10分钟内加完。0摄氏度下搅拌30分钟后,5摄氏度下搅拌16小时。反应液中加入乙酸乙酯(40毫升),有机相分离,以饱和食盐水(40毫升)洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩,得1.2克黄色油状物(即化合物2)。
步骤2:化合物3的制备
在氮气保护下,将化合物2(1.0克),对甲氧基苄氯(975毫克)、碳酸钾(1.4克)和溴化锂(1.8克)溶于DMF(10毫升)中,于35摄氏度下,搅拌16小时,加水(20毫升)稀释,乙酸乙酯(30毫升)萃取。有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩,得粗产品。所得粗产品经硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20)纯化,得1.08克无色油状物(即化合物3),收率:66%。
步骤3:化合物5的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物3(1.4克),化合物4(830毫克)和碳酸钾(1.29克)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)(20毫升)中,升温至60摄氏度,搅拌3小时。反应液浓缩得粗产品。经硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚:二氯甲烷=10:1:1)纯化,得860毫克黄色固体(即化合物5),收率:57%。
步骤4:化合物6的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物5(1.03克,2.25毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(DCM)(5毫升)中,加入三氟乙酸(TFA)(2.5毫克)。反应液于10摄氏度下,搅拌3小时。反应液浓缩,得紫红色油状粗产品。加入乙腈(15毫升)进一步浓缩得浅黄色半固体。加入乙酸乙酯(1毫升)与石油醚(3毫升)的混合溶剂,加入乙腈(1毫升)后打浆,上清液倒出,所得固体经干燥,得灰白色固体产物545毫克(即化合物6),收率:72%。
步骤5:化合物8的制备
将N-甲基咪唑(NMI)(217毫克)溶于乙腈(45毫升)中,加入N,N,N',N'-四甲基氯甲脒六氟磷酸盐(TCFH)(389毫克)。将此混合液加到化合物6(420毫克)中。将化合物7(288毫克)加到此混合液中,氮气保护下,于5摄氏度搅拌16小时。取化合物6(130毫克)重复上述过程。反应液合并浓缩得粗产品,经硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10~1:5)纯化,得580毫克黄色固体(即化合物8),收率:69%。
步骤6:化合物10的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物8(500毫克)、化合物9(299毫克)、碳酸钾(406毫克)和Pd(dppf)Cl2(108毫克)溶于1,4-二氧六环(10毫升)和水(2毫升)中。反应液在80摄氏度下搅拌3小时。取化合物8(80毫克)重复上述过程。两批反应液合并,过滤后,滤液浓缩得粗产品,经硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2)纯化,得430毫克棕色固体(即化合物10),合并收率:86%。
步骤7:化合物11的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物10(150毫克)溶于原甲酸三甲酯(4毫升)然后加入叠氮钠(98毫克)和醋酸(8毫升)。反应液于15摄氏度下搅拌1.5小时后,升温至80摄氏度并搅拌16小时。反应液中加入水(80毫升),经乙酸乙酯(25毫升)萃取,有机相浓缩除后得粗产品。取化合物10(54毫克)重复上述反应。两批粗产品合并,经薄层色谱板(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1)分离纯化,得黄色固体123毫克(即化合物11),收率:55%。
步骤8:化合物I-1的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物11(100毫克)溶于DCM(2毫升)中,加入TFA(2毫克)。反应液于10摄氏度下,搅拌3小时。反应液在10摄氏度下浓缩,得粗产品。取化合物11(23毫克)重复上述过程,两批粗产品合并,经prep-HPLC纯化得62毫克浅白色固体(即化合物I-1),收率:56%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.51(brs,1H),9.77(s,1H),7.97(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.92-7.88(m,3H),7.86-7.72(m,2H),7.67(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.07(brs,1H),6.91(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),5.51-5.43(m,1H),2.22-2.08(m,1H),1.80-1.68(m,1H),0.68-0.57(m,1H),0.42-0.27(m,2H),0.18-0.10(m,1H),0.04-0.01(m,1H).LCMS:Rt=9.286min,[M+H]+=506.1.
步骤9:化合物I-54-a和I-54-b的制备
将化合物I-1(115毫克)经手型拆分(色谱柱型号:OD-H,色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;流速:0.5毫升;检测波长:紫外254纳米;柱温:25摄氏度)分别得白色固体:I-54-a(40.7毫克,保留时间:3.809分钟,e.e.=100%)、I-54-b(41.3毫克,保留时间:5.766分钟,e.e.=99.70%).
化合物I-54-a:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.62(brs,1H),10.53(s,1H),9.77(s,1H),7.97(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.92-7.86(m,4H),7.69-7.68(m,3H),6.91(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),5.50-5.46(m,1H),2.20-2.13(m,1H),1.79-1.72(m,1H),0.70-0.60(m,1H),0.41-0.30(m,2H),0.19-0.10(m,1H),0.07-0.02(m,1H).LCMS:Rt=2.757min,[M+H]+=506.1.
化合物I-54-b:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.62(brs,1H),10.53(s,1H),9.77(s,1H),7.97(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.92-7.86(m,4H),7.69-7.68(m,3H),6.91(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),5.50-5.46(m,1H),2.20-2.13(m,1H),1.79-1.72(m,1H),0.70-0.60(m,1H),0.41-0.30(m,2H),0.19-0.10(m,1H),0.07-0.02(m,1H).LCMS:Rt=2.705min,[M+H]+=506.1.
实施例2:化合物I-16、I-69-a和I-69-b的合成
步骤1:化合物2的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物1(20克)溶于浓盐酸(100毫升)、水(100毫升)和1,4-二氧六环(100毫升)混合溶液中。反应液于70摄氏度下搅拌16小时。浓缩反应液得粉色固体,溶于乙醇(100毫升)中,加热溶解后缓慢冷却至室温。析出固体经过滤,干燥,得12克浅白色固体(即化合物2),收率:69%。
步骤2:化合物4的制备
将化合物3(1.0克)溶于水(20毫升)中,于零摄氏度下加入40%的氢溴酸水溶液(8毫升),在次温度下搅拌10分钟后,缓慢滴加亚硝酸钠(642毫克)的水(20毫升)溶液,并于10分钟内加完。0摄氏度下搅拌30分钟后,5摄氏度下搅拌16小时。反应液中加入乙酸乙酯(40毫升),有机相分离,以饱和食盐水(40毫升)洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩,得1.2克黄色油状物(即化合物4)。
步骤3:化合物5的制备
在氮气保护下,将化合物4(1.0克),对甲氧基苄氯(975毫克)、碳酸钾(1.4克)和溴化锂(1.8克)溶于DMF(10毫升)中,于35摄氏度下,搅拌16小时,加水(20毫升)稀释,乙酸乙酯(30毫升)萃取。有机相经无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩,得粗产品。所得粗产品经硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20)纯化,得1.08克无色油状物(即化合物5),收率:66%。
步骤4:化合物6的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物5(1.08克),化合物2(670毫克)和碳酸钾(621毫克)溶于DMF(10毫升)中,升温至30摄氏度,搅拌16小时。反应液加水(20毫升)稀释,经乙酸乙酯(30毫升)萃取,经无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得粗产品。所得粗产品经硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5)纯化,得455毫克黄色油状物(即化合物6),收率:36%。
步骤5:化合物8的制备
氮气保护下,在化合物6(1.15克)、化合物7(968毫克)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(465毫克)和磷酸钾(2.0克)的混合物溶于1,4-二氧六环(20毫升)和水(2毫升)的混合溶剂中,反应液在75摄氏度下搅拌2小时。反应液加入水(30毫升)以乙酸乙酯(50毫升)萃取并浓缩。所得粗产品经硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:2)纯化,得994毫克黄色油状物(即化合物8),收率:69%。
步骤6:化合物9的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物8(940毫克)溶于醋酸(14毫升)中,在0摄氏度下,加入原甲酸三甲酯(7毫升)和叠氮钠(404毫克)。反应液于10摄氏度下搅拌1小时后,升温至80摄氏度并搅拌16小时。反应液中加入水(30毫升),经乙酸乙酯(30毫升)萃取,有机相浓缩除后,经C-18反相硅胶柱(乙腈:水=20-95%)纯化。收集所需组分并冻干,得黄色固体624毫克(即化合物9),收率:59%。
步骤7:化合物10的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物9(200毫克)溶解在乙腈(8毫升)中,加入浓盐酸(4毫升)。10摄氏度下搅拌18小时。反应液中加入水(10毫升),经乙酸乙酯(20毫升)萃取。有机相浓缩后得粗品,粗品经C-18反相硅胶柱(乙腈:水=5-95%)纯化,得180毫克白色固体(即化合物10),收率:76%。
步骤8:化合物12的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物10(320毫克)、NMI(143毫克)和TCFH(256毫克)溶于的乙腈(7毫升)中,加入化合物11(192毫克)。10摄氏度下搅拌16小时。反应液中加入水(20毫升),经乙酸乙酯(30毫升)萃取。有机相浓缩得粗产品,粗品经C-18反相硅胶柱(乙腈:水=20-95%)纯化。收集所需组分,经冻干得354毫克白色固体(即化合物12),收率:76%。
步骤9:化合物I-16的制备
氮气保护下,将化合物12(350毫克)溶解在二氯甲烷(10毫升)中,加入三氟乙酸(4毫升)。10摄氏度下搅拌1小时。浓缩反应液得到粗品,粗品经C-18反相硅胶柱(乙腈:水=10-95%)纯化,得230毫克白色固体(即化合物I-16),收率:66%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.53(brs,1H),9.76(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.99(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.89-7.82(m,4H),7.53(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.63(s,1H),5.62-5.58(m,1H),2.15-2.07(m,1H),1.97-1.90(m,1H),0.58-0.51(m,1H),0.40-0.33(m,2H),0.14-0.10(m,1H),0.00--0.23(m,1H);LCMS:Rt=3.626min,[M+H]+=506.2.
步骤10:化合物I-69-a和化合物I-69-b的制备
将化合物I-16(102毫克)经手型拆分(色谱柱型号:OD-H,色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;流速:0.5毫升;检测波长:紫外254纳米;柱温:25摄氏度)得白色固体分别为化合物I-69-a(37.6毫克,保留时间:3.355分钟,e.e.=100%)、化合物I-69-b(31.7毫克,保留时间:12.366分钟,e.e.=99.88%)。
化合物I-69-a:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.56(brs,1H),9.76(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.99(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.89-7.82(m,4H),7.53(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.63(s,1H),5.62-5.58(m,1H),2.16-2.08(m,1H),1.98-1.91(m,1H),0.56-0.51(m,1H),0.40-0.33(m,2H),0.14-0.10(m,1H),0.00-0.23(m,1H);LCMS:Rt=3.626min,[M+H]+=506.2.
化合物I-69-b:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.56(brs,1H),9.76(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),7.99(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.89-7.82(m,4H),7.53(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.63(s,1H),5.62-5.58(m,1H),2.16-2.08(m,1H),1.98-1.90(m,1H),0.58-0.51(m,1H),0.40-0.33(m,2H),0.14-0.10(m,1H),0.00-0.23(m,1H);LCMS:Rt=3.626min,[M+H]+=506.2.
对照化合物A的结构如下:
化合物A参照WO2017023992A1中的实施例9制备获得。
效果实施例1:体外酶活性检测试验
方法:用DMSO溶解受试化合物至10Mm母液,-80℃保存待用,用时取母液冻存,再用DMSO稀释至2Μm作为起始反应浓度,用DMSO4倍梯度稀释9个浓度作为工作液,1μl/孔;2×缓冲液配制:200Mm tris-HCI,400Mm NaCl,0.04%TWEEN20,Ph7.4;2×人FXIa蛋白(hFXIa),反应液为2×缓冲液稀释FXIa蛋白(Cat#ab62411)至反应所需浓度0.25ng/μl,10μl/孔;2×S-2366反应液,用去离子水将S-2366反应液配成2Mm,10μl/孔;先把酶反应液加入384孔板中,再将稀释好的受试化合物反应液依次加入对应孔;阴性对照为DMSO溶剂;空白用缓冲液替代;1000rpm室温下离心1min,避光反应30min后,最后每孔加入S-2366反应液,震荡混匀30s,37℃反应20min,OD405nm测其吸光值,prism曲线分析,计算IC50值。
结果见下表1。化合物I-1、I-69-a和I-54-a对FXIa均有很好的抑制活性,IC50值分别为23.1nM、1.68nM和6.94nM。
按照上述相同的方法测试本发明的其它示例化合物的酶活性,本发明的其它示例化合物或其盐也表现出优异的酶活性。
表1
化合物 | FXIa IC50(nM) |
化合物I-1 | 23.1 |
化合物I-69-a | 1.68 |
化合物I-54-a | 6.94 |
效果实施例2:本发明化合物对大鼠的PK分析测试
小鼠药物代谢动力学试验,采用雄性SPF级的SD大鼠(上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司)进行。
给药方式:单次灌胃口服给药或单次静脉注射
取样点(静脉注射):给药后0.083,0.25,0.5,1,2,4,6,8,24小时
取样点(灌胃口服):给药后0.25,0.5,1,2,4,6,8,24h小时
样品处理:静脉采血0.2mL,肝素钠抗凝,血液样本采集后置于冰上,并在1小时内离心分离血浆(离心条件:6800转/分钟,6分钟,2-8℃)。收集的血浆分析前存放于-80℃。
内标工作液:吸取一定量的浓度为645,000ng/mL的甲苯磺丁脲内标储备液至一定体积的容量瓶中,用甲醇定容至刻度后混匀,制得浓度为50ng/mL的内标工作溶液。
样品前处理:取50μL血浆样品至1.5mL离心管中,加入250μL内标溶液(空白不加内标补加相同体积的甲醇),涡旋混匀1分钟,18000转/分钟离心7分钟,取200μL上清液加入到96孔进样板中,LC-MS/MS进样(6μL)分析。
本发明化合物I-69-a和对照化合物A的测试结果如表2和表3所示。由表2和表3均可以看出,相较于化合物A,化合物I-69-a在血浆中的浓度更高,有利于发挥药效。另外,由表3可以看出,相较于化合物A,化合物I-69-a的生物利用度明显提高,是化合物A的4倍以上。
表2
表3
Claims (11)
1.一种如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,其结构如下,
其中,环A为苯环;环B为其中,a端与环A相连,b端与相连;
n为2;m为0;一个R1为氟或氯,另一个R1为
R3为
2.如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述的如式I所示的化合物为以下任一方案:
方案1:所述的如式I所示的化合物为如式II-1和如式II-2所示的化合物的混合物,其中,如式II-1和如式II-2所示的化合物的比例为1:1:
n、m、环A、环B、R1、R2和R3如权利要求1所述;
方案2:所述的如式I所示的化合物为如式II-1或如式II-2所示的化合物:
n、m、环A、环B、R1、R2和R3如权利要求1所述。
3.如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述的式I所示化合物为如下任一化合物:
4.如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述的式I所示化合物为如下任一化合物,其中,以“*”标记的碳原子为R构型或S构型的碳原子:
5.如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述的式I所示化合物为以下任一方案:
方案A:所述的如式I所示的化合物为如下结构所示化合物经手性拆分获得,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:3.355分钟;
方案B:所述的如式I所示的化合物为如下结构所示化合物经手性拆分获得,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:12.366分钟;
方案C:所述的如式I所示的化合物为如下结构所示化合物经手性拆分获得,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:3.809分钟;
方案D:所述的如式I所示的化合物为如下结构所示化合物经手性拆分获得,
其手性拆分条件如下:
色谱柱型号:OD-H;
色谱柱尺寸:0.46厘米×15厘米;
流动相:正庚烷:乙醇=60:40;
流速:0.5毫升;
检测波长:紫外254纳米;
柱温:25摄氏度;
保留时间:5.766分钟。
6.一种药物组合物,其包括如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的如式I所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药用辅料。
7.一种如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的如式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或如权利要求6所述的药物组合物在制备FXIa抑制剂中的应用。
8.一种如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的如式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或如权利要求6所述的药物组合物在制备与FXIa有关的疾病的药物中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的与FXIa有关的疾病为心脑血管疾病。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的心脑血管疾病为血栓栓塞性疾病。
11.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的心脑血管疾病为心肌梗塞、心绞痛血管成型术或主动脉冠状动脉分流术后的再阻塞和再狭窄、弥散性血管内凝血、中风、短暂的局部缺血发作、周围动脉闭塞性疾病、肺栓塞或深部静脉血栓形成。
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