CN112044394A - 包含活性炭的复合材料及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

包含活性炭的复合材料及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112044394A
CN112044394A CN202010508024.3A CN202010508024A CN112044394A CN 112044394 A CN112044394 A CN 112044394A CN 202010508024 A CN202010508024 A CN 202010508024A CN 112044394 A CN112044394 A CN 112044394A
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Prior art keywords
substrate
activated carbon
composite material
adhesive composition
composite
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汪海燕
唐子涵
陈默
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Shenzhen Global Greenland New Materials Co ltd
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Shenzhen Global Greenland New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于材料领域,具体涉及一种包含活性炭的复合材料及其制备方法和用途。本发明提供一种复合材料,包含基材、活性炭和介于基材和活性炭之间的粘合剂组合物,其中所述粘合剂组合物包含粘合剂和增稠剂。所述复合材料显著提高了活性炭在复合材料中的有效克重,能够在实现优异的透气性、透湿性的情况下,同时取得优异的水洗牢度和剥离强度。并且,所述复合材料还具有优异的吸附性能。

Description

包含活性炭的复合材料及其制备方法和用途
本申请要求享有2019年6月6日向中国国家知识产权局提交的,申请号为201910492736.8,发明名称为“包含活性炭的复合材料及其制备方法和用途”的中国发明专利在先申请的优先权。该在先申请的全文以引用的方式结合入本文中。
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域,具体涉及一种包含活性炭的复合材料及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
在科研、化工及安全防护等领域,人们通常需要慎重对待环境中可能存在的一些试剂或气氛,这些试剂或气氛可能存在较高的刺激性甚至神经毒性等危害。为此,防护材料和服装被用于防止人类与这些物质接触或避免遭受危险物质的侵害。
现有用于上文目的的防护服中,某些采用了空气和水蒸气不可渗透的材料以增加安全性。但是,由于这些材料不具有透气性,难以散发人体运动产生的热量和交换空气,并且通常比较厚重,不利于穿着者的灵活性和舒适性,也增加了穿着者的负担。对于此类防护材料的改进包括,选用空气不可渗透但是水蒸汽可渗透的防护材料。这类材料通常包括空气不可渗透但是水蒸汽可渗透的膜,并且使用所述的膜来阻挡有毒物质。然而,以类似膜系统为特征的材料的吸附性能和防护性能仍存在差距。另外,即使这样的膜也无法确保充分的透气性,特别是其与织物材料通过热熔胶等胶黏工艺复合时更是如此。此外,还有尝试提供了多层的、纺织的、空气可渗透的过滤材料,该过滤材料包括碳纤维形式的活性炭吸附层。但是,一方面,活性炭吸附层需要热熔胶层与基材粘合,不仅增加了复合材料的重量,而且热熔胶熔化后在基材上的分布不均匀,透气性也仍然无法令人满意。另一方面,如果为了改善复合材料的重量和透气性而减少热熔胶层的覆盖率,则复合材料的水洗牢度,以及水洗后的性能又难以符合质量要求。
发明内容
为改善现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种复合材料,包含基材、活性炭和介于基材和活性炭之间的粘合剂组合物,其中所述粘合剂组合物包含粘合剂和增稠剂。
根据本发明的复合材料,其中所述基材包括第一基材和第二基材,所述活性炭介于第一基材和第二基材之间,且所述粘合剂组合物分别介于活性炭与第一基材之间,且介于活性炭与第二基材之间。
根据本发明的复合材料,其中所述第一基材和第二基材可以相同或不同,彼此独立地选自机织物、环形针织布、环绘针织布、无纺平纹棉麻织物、粘合纺织物或棉絮。
根据本发明的复合材料,其中所述第一基材和第二基材可以选自芳族聚酰胺类如芳纶类材料、芳族聚砜酰胺类如芳砜纶类材料、无纺布类如无纺布或水刺无纺布类材料。
所述无纺布或水刺布类材料可以由选自例如包含涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、腈纶、粘胶纤维、甲壳素纤维、超细纤维、天丝、蚕丝、竹纤维、木浆纤维、海藻纤维等的材料制成。
所述无纺布或水刺布类材料可以由单一组分聚乙烯制备得到,也可以由聚乙烯和聚对苯二甲酸类双组份材料复合而成,还可以是聚乙烯和聚丙烯双组份材料复合而成。
作为实例,所述第一基材选自芳族聚酰胺类如芳纶类材料、芳族聚砜酰胺类如芳砜纶类材料;所述第二基材选自无纺布类如无纺布或水刺无纺布类材料。
根据本发明的复合材料,所述第一基材和第二基材的克重(单位面积质量)可以相同或不同,彼此独立地选自5~200g/m2,例如为10~150g/m2。作为实例,所述第一基材的克重选自20~150g/m2,如50~120g/m2,例如55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105或110g/m2;所述第二基材的克重选自10~50g/m2,如15~35g/m2,例如20、25或30g/m2
根据本发明的复合材料,所述第一基材和第二基材的断裂强力(N)可以相同或不同,彼此独立地选自5-800,例如6-50,如8-50,如8-20,例如为6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、25、30、35、40、45、50;或者,例如500-700,如550、560、570、580、590、600、610、620、630、640、650、660、670、680、690、700;
所述第一基材和第二基材的断裂伸长率(%)可以相同或不同,彼此独立地选自10-250,如100-250,例如100-200,例如为100、105、120、130、140、150、155、160、170、180、190、200、250;或者,如10-50,例如15、20、25、30、35、40、45。
优选地,第一基材的断裂伸长率(%)可以为25-35,如26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34,例如径向为28-29%,纬向为32-33%;优选地,第二基材的断裂伸长率(%)可以为如100-250,例如为100、105、120、130、140、150、155、160、170、180、190、200、250。
所述第一基材和第二基材的断裂时间可以相同或不同,彼此独立地选自60秒以上,例如第二基材的断裂时间可以为60-120秒,如60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95、100、105、110、115、120秒。
在本发明的上下文中,介于活性炭与第一基材之间的粘合剂组合物可被称为第一粘合剂组合物,介于活性炭与第二基材之间的粘合剂组合物可被称为第二粘合剂组合物。
在本发明的上下文中,当描述“粘合剂组合物”时,意指同时描述“第一粘合剂组合物和第二粘合剂组合物”。并且,当描述“基材”时,意指同时描述“第一基材和第二基材”。
根据本发明的复合材料,所述第一粘合剂组合物和第二粘合剂组合物可以分别相同或不相同。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述粘合剂组合物中,如第一粘合剂组合物和第二粘合剂组合物中,所述增稠剂的含量可以为粘合剂的1-10重量%,例如为1、2、5、8、10重量%。
根据本发明的复合材料,所述粘合剂可以选自例如丙烯酸聚合物类和/或聚氨酯类粘合剂,所述丙烯酸聚合物类粘合剂可以是丙烯酸自聚或与其他单体的共聚产物,所述其他单体例如可以选自苯乙烯、丙烯、异丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、戊烯、异戊烯、新戊烯、己烯、异己烯、新己烯、苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或多种。
作为实例,可以选择具有如下结构的粘合剂:
丙烯酸聚合物类粘合剂:
Figure BDA0002527248850000041
其中,m为3000-5000之间的整数,n为3000-5000之间的整数,p为300-500之间的整数。
聚氨酯类粘合剂:
Figure BDA0002527248850000051
其中,n1为100-200之间的整数;n2为100-200之间的整数。
根据本发明,所述粘合剂可以为乳液形式或分散体,例如丙烯酸类粘合剂水基乳液或聚氨酯类粘合剂水基分散体。
根据本发明,所述粘合剂的粘度可以为100~5000mpa·s,如150~3000mpa·s,如200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000、1100、1200、1300、1400、1500、1600、1700、1800、1900、2000mpa·s。
根据本发明,所述粘合剂组合物的粘度可以为15000-30000mpa·s,如20000-25000mpa·s,例如20000mpa·s、25000mpa·s。例如,第一粘合剂组合物和第二粘合剂组合物的粘度可以相同或不同,彼此独立地选自15000-30000mpa·s,如20000-25000mpa·s,例如20000、21000、22000、23000、24000或25000mpa·s。
优选地,所述粘合剂组合物的粘度为所述粘合剂组合物附着于基材但未经干燥时的粘度。
应当理解,本发明的复合材料中对于所述增稠剂没有特别限定,只要其能够使粘合剂组合物的粘度增加至上述粘度即可。例如,所述增稠剂可以选自丙烯酸共聚物类稠剂(如阴离子型聚氨酯类增稠剂)、聚氨酯类增稠剂(如非离子型聚氨酯类增稠剂)、多羧基阴离子型聚合物类增稠剂。
根据本发明的复合材料,第一粘合剂组合物的重量为ma1,第一基材的重量为ms1,且优选地,ma1/(ma1+ms1)的比例为80%以下,例如70%以下、65%以下,60%以下、50%以下、40%以下或30%以下;或者优选地,ma1/(ma1+ms1)的比例为5%以上、8%以上、10%以上或12%以上。作为实例,ma1/(ma1+ms1)的比例为5~65%,如10~50%,其实例可以为11%、12%、13%、14%、15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%、21%、22%、23%、24%、25%、26%、27%、28%、29%、30%。
根据本发明的复合材料,第二粘合剂组合物的重量为ma2,第二基材的重量为ms2,且ma2/(ma2+ms2)的比例为90%以下,例如85%以下,如80%以下,优选75%以下,如50~72%,其实例可以为55%、60%、65%、70%。
根据本发明优选的实施方案,粘合剂组合物在基材上呈点状分布。更优选地,第一粘合剂组合物在第一基材上呈点状分布,且第二粘合剂组合物在第二基材上呈点状分布。更优选地,所述活性炭与第一粘合剂组合物和第二粘合剂组合物接触。
优选地,粘合剂组合物在基材上的分布密度为400万个/m2以上,例如550万个/m2以上、560万个/m2以上,例如400-700万个/m2、500-700万个/m2
根据本发明的实施方案,粘合剂组合物在基材上的点的直径约为30~200目,如40~150目,例如50~120目,如60、70、80、90或100目。
根据本发明的实施方案,相邻粘合剂组合物在基材上的点之间的距离为0.1-1.5mm。
根据本发明的复合材料,所述活性炭可以为颗粒状活性炭,优选球形活性炭或类球形活性炭。
根据本发明,所述颗粒状活性炭的中值粒径D50可以为0.1~2.0mm,例如0.1~1.2mm,如0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0、1.1、1.2mm。
根据本发明,所述颗粒状活性炭的比表面积为700-1500m2/g,如1000~1250m2/g。
根据本发明,所述复合材料中活性炭的克重可以为80-250g/m2,例如120~240g/m2,优选160~220g/m2,其实例可以为165、170、175、180、185、190、195、200、205、210、215g/m2
根据本发明的实施方案,所述球形活性炭的中值孔径为1~5nm,例如1.5~4.8nm,如1.8~4.0nm。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述球形活性炭的抗压强度为5~300N,例如10~150N,如20~100N,如30~70N。其中,所述抗压强度是指每粒球形活性炭能够承受的最大压力值。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述球形活性炭的开裂率可以为小于3.0%,如0.3~2.0%,如0.5~1.0%。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述活性炭是聚合物基活性炭。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述聚合物可以通过将单体、引发剂混合进行聚合反应制备。作为实例,所述聚合物可以是均聚物或共聚物。其中,所述均聚物是指由一种单体发生聚合反应制备的聚合物,所述共聚物是指由两种或更多种的单体发生聚合反应制备的聚合物。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述单体可以选自具有2~60个碳原子,并且具有至少1个碳碳双键的化合物,例如具有2~20个碳原子,并且具有至少1个碳碳双键的化合物。例如,所述单体可以选自下列物质:乙烯、丙烯、异丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、戊烯、异戊烯、新戊烯、己烯、异己烯、新己烯、苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丁二烯、戊二烯、异戊二烯、戊二烯、异己二烯、二乙烯苯、二乙二醇二乙烯基醚。
作为选择,所述共聚物的聚合物母体包括衍生自第一单体的结构单元和衍生自第二单体的结构单元,其中所述第一单体具有2-10个碳原子且含有至少一个碳碳双键,所述第二单体具有4-15个碳原子且含有至少两个碳碳双键。
优选地,在所述共聚物的聚合物母体中,衍生自第一单体的结构单元占所述聚合物网络的总结构单元的75%到98%,优选为80%到90%;衍生自第二单体的结构单元占所述聚合物网络的总结构单元的25%到2%,优选为20%到10%。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述第一单体选自苯乙烯、甲基苯乙烯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和碳原子数为2-6的单烯烃中的一种或更多种,所述碳原子数为2-6的单烯烃例如为乙烯、丙烯、异丙烯、丁烯、异丁烯、戊烯、异戊烯、新戊烯、己烯、异己烯、新己烯等。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述第二单体选自丁二烯、戊二烯、异戊二烯、戊二烯、异己二烯、二乙烯苯和二乙二醇二乙烯基醚中的一种或更多种。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述聚合反应可以为悬浮聚合反应;优选地,聚合反应还在水、分散剂、助分散剂的存在下进行。
例如,水:分散剂:助分散剂的重量比为800-1000:0.5-3.0:0.05-0.2;
当所述聚合物为均聚物时,其单体:引发剂的重量比可以为1:0.003-0.01。
如果存在,第一单体:第二单体:引发剂的重量比可以为0.75-0.98:0.02-0.25:0.003-0.01。
优选地,水、分散剂、助分散剂构成水相,均聚物的单体、共聚物的第一单体、第二单体和/或引发剂构成油相;所述油相与水相的重量比可以为1:4-6。
根据本发明的实施方案,悬浮聚合反应可以包括:
将各成分加入反应釜中,向反应釜中通入压缩空气或氮气,使反应釜中压力保持在表压小于等于0.5MPa的正压状态下,升温至70℃-90℃,保温2小时-24小时,再升温至100℃-150℃,保温4小时-36小时,然后水洗、干燥、筛分,得到球形聚合物。
在优选的实施方案中,分散剂为无机分散剂或有机分散剂或其组合,所述无机分散剂例如为硅酸盐、碳酸盐或磷酸盐、或其组合,所述有机分散剂例如为聚乙烯醇、明胶、羧甲基纤维素或聚丙烯酸盐、或其组合。
在优选的实施方案中,助分散剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钙、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、石油磺酸钙、石油磺酸钠或硬脂酸钡、或其组合。
在优选的实施方案中,所述引发剂为有机过氧化合物、无机过氧化合物或偶氮化合物、或其组合。
在优选的实施方案中,所述引发剂为过氧化二酰类、过氧化二烷类、过氧化酯类、偶氮二异丁腈或过硫酸盐、或其组合。
优选地,所述聚合反应还可以在致孔剂的存在下进行。所述致孔剂可以选自石蜡、硫酸镁、碳酸钠、明胶或甘油、或其组合。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述颗粒状活性炭,如球形活性炭可以是市售的或是通过如下方法制备得到的:
1)将球形聚合物碳化;
2)将步骤1)得到的产物活化。
根据本发明,所述聚合物的定义如上所述。
根据本发明,所述聚合物可以是经磺化的聚合物或未经磺化的聚合物。当使用未经磺化的聚合物时,可以在碳化步骤之前进行磺化和/或碳化过程中原位进行磺化。
作为实例,所述未经磺化的聚合物也可根据已知的方法制备或商购获得。
所述磺化可使用本领域已知的原料进行,例如将未经磺化的聚合物与磺化剂接触进行。所述磺化剂可以选自硫酸(如浓硫酸)、发烟硫酸、SO3中的一种或多种的混合物。
根据本发明,未经磺化的球形聚合物与磺化剂的总重量比可以是3:1~1:3,例如2:1~1:2,如1:1~1:1.5。
所述磺化步骤的温度可以在很大的范围内变化。
例如,当在碳化步骤之前进行磺化时,磺化步骤的温度可以为60-200℃,如70-180℃,例如为80-150℃;
优选地,磺化步骤可以在上述温度范围内,在升温的同时进行反应。升温的速度可以为不超过10℃/min,例如不超过5℃/min,如不超过3℃/min。
磺化步骤的时间可以为0.5-12小时,优选1-10小时,如2-10小时。
优选地,所述磺化是在惰性气体气氛下进行的,所述惰性气体可以选自氮气、氦气、氩气中的一种或多种的混合物。
根据本发明,步骤1)的碳化可以在惰性气氛或者在惰性气体和氧气的混合气氛下进行。
通常,所述碳化的温度可以为100-950℃,例如150-900℃,如300-850℃。
当在碳化步骤之前进行磺化时,碳化步骤的起始温度可以等于或高于磺化温度的终结温度。
优选地,碳化步骤可以在上述温度范围内,在升温的同时进行反应。升温的速度可以为不超过10℃/min,例如不超过5℃/min,如不超过3℃/min。
优选地,所述碳化可在2个或更多个温度区域依次进行,例如在2至10个温度区域依次进行。并且优选地,所述温度区域的温度彼此不相同。或者,碳化可以在梯度上升的温度下进行。
优选地,所述碳化在不同温度区域内可以具有相同或不同的升温速率,和相同或不同的保温时间。
优选地,当碳化在2个或更多个温度区域依次进行时,首先在第一温度区域碳化,然后依次进入下一温度区域,例如第二温度区域碳化;例如,第一温度区域的温度可以是100~500℃,例如150~450℃;第二温度区域的温度可以高于第一温度区域,例如500~950℃,如650~950℃。
优选地,所述碳化时间为30分钟-10小时,例如1-8小时,如2-6小时。
优选地,所述惰性气体选自氮气、氦气、氩气中的至少一种;
优选地,当碳化在惰性气体和氧气的混合气氛下进行时,混合气氛中氧气的体积百分比为1-5%。
应当理解,如果球形聚合物所处的温度既可以进行磺化,也可以使球形聚合物在碳化的过程中进行原位磺化。
根据本发明,步骤2)的活化可以包括第一活化步骤和第二活化步骤。
优选地,所述第一活化步骤在含有水蒸气的气氛中进行;所述第二活化步骤在含有CO2的气氛中进行。
优选地,所述第一次活化处理的温度为700-1300℃,例如800-1200℃,如850-950℃;所述第一活化步骤的时间可以为1-24小时,例如5-15小时,如6-12小时。
优选地,所述该第一活化步骤的气氛包含水蒸气,特别是水蒸气/惰性气体的混合物,优选是水蒸气/氮气的混合物,或者由上述组成。
优选地,所述氮气和水蒸气的体积比(流速比)在3:1以上,例如4:1~10:1,优选4:1~8:1。
根据本发明,所述第一活化步骤的气氛可以不包含其他气体,例如不包含氧化碳类(例如CO2)、氧气和氨。
优选地,所述第二活化步骤的温度为700-1300℃,优选为800-1200℃,例如为850-950℃;所述第二活化步骤的时间为1-10小时,例如为3-8小时。
优选地,所述第二活化步骤的气氛包含CO2,例如CO2或者CO2与惰性气体的混合物,如CO2与氮气的混合物。
优选地,当所述第二活化气氛包含氮气与CO2的混合物时,氮气与CO2的体积比(流速比)可以为10:1~1:10,如10:1~2:1,例如8:1~4:1,如3:1~2:1。
根据本发明,所述第二活化步骤的气氛可以不包含其他气体,例如不包含水蒸气。
根据本发明,升温可以使用梯度升温。作为选择,可以在升温至一定温度时,停留1~240min,例如5~150min,然后再次升温。
优选地,本发明方法的升温过程可以是连续或间歇的。
根据本发明的实施方案,所述复合材料优选不包括不能透过空气,且能够透过水蒸汽的膜。
根据本发明,还提供一种服装,包含所述复合材料。
本发明还提供所述复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)提供包含粘合剂组合物的第一基材,其中粘合剂组合物以点状分布于第一基材的表面;
2)将活性炭与粘合剂组合物的点接触,以获得粘合活性炭的第一基材;
3)将第一基材中粘合有活性炭的一面与第二基材通过粘合剂组合物粘合。
根据本发明的制备方法,可进一步包括如下步骤:
1)提供包含第一粘合剂组合物的第一基材,其中第一粘合剂组合物以点状分布于第一基材的表面;
2)将活性炭与第一粘合剂组合物的点接触,以获得粘合活性炭的第一基材;
3)将第一基材中粘合有活性炭的一面与第二基材通过第二粘合剂组合物粘合。
根据本发明制备方法的实施方案,所述粘合剂组合物中的粘合剂经过发泡步骤。
作为实例,发泡比例值(发泡后的体积与发泡前的体积之比)约为1.1~1.4:1。
根据本发明制备方法的实施方案,在步骤2)和/或步骤3)之后进行干燥。优选地,所述干燥为加热干燥。所述加热干燥的温度低于第一粘合剂组合物和第二粘合剂组合物的分解温度,例如100~150℃。
根据本发明制备方法的实施方案,步骤3)中的第二基材中待粘合的一侧表面上含有第二粘合剂组合物。优选地,所述第二粘合剂组合物涂覆于第二基材的表面上。
本发明还提供所述复合材料用于吸附气体和/或液体的用途。优选地,所述气体包括在常温常压下,任何由有机液体和/或固体自发挥发所得的气体,如熔点低于室温而沸点在50~260℃之间的挥发性有机化合物挥发所得的气体,包括但不限于烃类、卤代烃、氧烃和氮烃类,如苯系物、有机氯化物、氟里昂系列、有机酮、胺、醇、醚、酯、酸和石油烃化合物等,例如丙硫醚。
有益效果:
发明人惊讶地发现,本发明制备的复合材料显著提高了活性炭在复合材料中的有效克重,能够在实现优异的透气性、透湿性的情况下,同时取得优异的水洗牢度以及剥离强度、拉伸强度、阻燃性能。尤其重要的是,在上述性能的基础上,所述复合材料还具有优异的吸附性能或气-气防护时间。
附图说明
图1为实施例1产品的SEM电镜照片;
图2为对比例1产品的SEM电镜照片。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的制备方法做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解,下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;下述实施例中所用的试剂、材料等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
如无特殊说明,下文芳砜纶纤维基布为市售MX-96产品,克重为约100g/m2,断裂强力:径向733N,纬向752.6N;断裂伸长率:径向28.2%,纬向32.9%。
如无特殊说明,下文无纺布的型号为市售EP-S-Z-30产品,克重为约30g/m2,断裂强力:约32N,断裂伸长率:约165%,断裂时间:约94S。
比表面积通过MicrotracBEL Corp.的型号为Belsorp mini II的氮气物理吸附仪测试。抗压强度通过上海益环仪器科技有限公司的压力测试仪测试。
丙硫醚“气-气防护时间”根据GJB3253-98的方法进行测试。
扯断强度和扯断伸长率根据GB3923-83的方法进行测试。
阻燃性能根究GB5455-2014的方法进行测试。
制备例1:球形活性炭的制备
1.1球形聚合物基体的制备
在50升的聚合釜中加入20升水,加热至40℃,在搅拌状态下分别加入12g碳酸镁、25g羧甲基纤维素钠和0.18g十二烷基苯磺酸钙,搅匀后加入由3.6kg二乙烯苯、1.2kg二乙二醇二乙烯基醚和25g过硫酸钠混合而成的油相,再加入2.2kg碳酸钠,封闭聚合釜,向聚合釜内通入干净的压缩空气,保持釜内气相压力为0.05MPa。然后,开启搅拌,将釜内液珠调至适当粒度,升温至90℃,保温9小时,再升温至120℃,保温20小时,经过滤、洗涤、干燥和筛分,得到白球状聚合物3.12kg。
1.2磺化和碳化
将步骤1.1得到的聚合物加入50升反应釜中,加入10kg质量浓度为105%的发烟硫酸,升温至110℃,保温16小时,降温后缓慢滴加水,釜满后抽出1/3液体,继续滴加水,如此操作至釜中硫酸浓度小于5%,经干燥,得到聚合物微球4.28kg。随后在氮气气氛下,将所述聚合物微球以3℃/min的加热速度进行如下加热处理:
加热至120℃,停留110分钟;
加热至180℃,停留250分钟;
以3℃/min的加热速度,在氧气的体积百分比为1%的混合气氛中,进行如下加热处理:
加热至250℃,停留360分钟;
加热至450℃,停留240分钟;
然后加热至700℃,停留90分钟。降温,得到碳化产物。
1.3活化
在旋转管式炉中,体积比为1:7(L/min)的水蒸汽和氮气的混合气氛下,将步骤1.2得到的碳化产物以3℃/min的速度加热至800℃,停留420min后,再在流速比为1:7(L/min)的二氧化碳和氮气的混合气氛下,以4℃/min的速度加热至950℃,停留200min。降温,得到球形活性炭GSC3,收率以聚合物计为42%。产品中值粒径为0.40mm,中值孔径为2.95nm,比表面积为1011m2/g,抗压强度78.24N,堆密度514g/L,开裂率3.32%。
制备例2:粘合剂组合物A的制备
本实施例中使用的粘合剂选自市售的下式结构所示的丙烯酸聚合物类粘合剂:
Figure BDA0002527248850000151
其中,m为3000-5000之间的整数,n为3000-5000之间的整数,p为300-500之间的整数,粘度为100~500mpa·s,pH为7~9,密度1.04g/cm3,固含量52±1%。
本实施例中使用的增稠剂选自市售的丙烯酸共聚物类阴离子增稠剂,1.5%白浆粘度(城市自来水)9万mpa·s以上,固含量±1%。
第一步:先将粘合剂乳液倒入储胶器中,开启搅拌机,约7min左右,发泡比例值(体积比)约为1.3;
第二步:加入增稠剂,增稠剂添加量为粘合剂的约5重量%,搅拌时间约为15min,搅拌机转速为80-120r/min,得到粘度为20000-25000mpa·s粘合剂组合物A。
制备例3:粘合剂组合物B的制备
参考制备例2,得到粘度为20000-25000mpa·s粘合剂组合物B,不同之处在于:
粘合剂选自市售的下式结构所示的聚氨酯类粘合剂乳液:
Figure BDA0002527248850000161
其中,n1为100-200之间的整数;n2为100-200之间的整数;粘度为20-1500mpa·s,pH为7~9,密度为1.04~1.09g/cm3,固含量60±2%。
和增稠剂选自聚氨酯类非离子型增稠剂,粘度≤3000CPS/25℃,固含量40%。
实施例1:复合材料的制备
选取克重为100g/m2的芳砜纶纤维基布,将粘合剂组合物A使用120目的筛网对芳砜纶纤维基布,点状涂布于芳砜纶纤维基布的一侧表面,获得5579527个/m2的分布密度,上胶量(即基布上的粘合剂组合物A的量)为30g/m2
将制备例1得到的球形活性炭与点状涂布的粘合剂组合物A接触,以获得粘合有活性炭的第一基材,然后送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min。
将30g/m2的无纺布的一侧通过点状上胶的方式,以5579527个/m2的分布密度点状涂布粘合剂组合物A,上胶量为30g/m2,然后与粘合有活性炭的第一基材层压复合,所得复合层送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min,得到复合材料1,其产品的SEM电镜照片如图1所示。复合材料1中,球形活性炭的克重为约210g/m2
实施例2
参考实施例1的方法,选取克重为30g/m2的无纺布,将粘合剂组合物A以5579527个/m2的分布密度,点状涂布于无纺布的一侧表面,上胶量为30g/m2
将制备例1得到的球形活性炭与点状涂布的粘合剂组合物A接触,以获得粘合有活性炭的第一基材,然后送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min。
将100g/m2的芳砜纶纤维基布的一侧通过同样点状上胶的方式涂覆粘合剂组合物A,上胶量为30g/m2,然后与粘合有活性炭的第一基材层压复合,所得复合层送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min,得到复合材料2。复合材料2中,球形活性炭的克重为约210g/m2
实施例3
重复实施例1的方法,区别仅在于分别选用中国专利申请201710781322.8中实施例1的球形活性炭产品,制备复合材料3,克重为约205g/m2
选用中国专利申请201710781322.8中实施例2的球形活性炭产品,制备复合材料4,克重为约200g/m2
选用中国专利申请201710781322.8中实施例4的球形活性炭产品,制备复合材料5,克重为约218g/m2
对比例1
选取克重为100g/m2的芳砜纶纤维基布,将粘合剂组合物A以滚涂方式均匀涂布于芳砜纶纤维基布的一侧表面,上胶量为80g/m2
将制备例1得到的球形活性炭与滚筒涂布的粘合剂组合物A接触,以获得粘合有活性炭的第一基材,然后送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min。
将30g/m2的无纺布的一侧通过滚筒上胶的方式涂覆粘合剂组合物A,上胶量为50g/m2,然后与粘合有活性炭的第一基材层压复合,所得复合层送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min,得到对比复合材料1,其产品的SEM电镜照片如图2所示。对比复合材料1中,球形活性炭的克重为约130g/m2
对比例2
参考实施例1的方法,选取克重为100g/m2的芳砜纶纤维基布,将粘合剂组合物A以5579527个/m2的分布密度,点状涂布于芳砜纶纤维基布的一侧表面,上胶量为30g/m2
将制备例1得到的球形活性炭与点状涂布的粘合剂组合物A接触,以获得粘合有活性炭的第一基材,然后送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min。
将30g/m2的无纺布的一侧通过滚筒上胶的方式涂覆粘合剂组合物A,上胶量为20g/m2,然后与粘合有活性炭的第一基材层压复合,所得复合层送入烘箱干燥,经过2段高温烘干,烘箱温度100℃,烘干时间5min,得到对比复合材料2。
对比复合材料2中,球形活性炭的克重为约180g/m2
测试例1:透湿性测试
根据GB/T 12704.2-2009方法A,测定上述复合材料的透湿量,结果如下表所示:
复合材料 透湿量(g/(m<sup>2</sup>*24h))
复合材料1 3867
复合材料2 3994
对比复合材料1 930
对比复合材料2 4232
注:透湿量单位为g/(m2*24h),表示24小时内每平方米复合材料布料透过的水蒸气的总质量。
此外,还使用本发明的复合材料3、4和5分别进行上述测试,结果表明其透湿量均介于3500~4000g/(m2*24h)之间。
测试例2:透气性测试
根据GB/T 5453-1997,在200Pa气压下,测定上述复合材料的透气量,结果如下表所示:
复合材料 透气量(L/(m<sup>2</sup>*s))
复合材料1 1020
复合材料2 958
对比复合材料1 4.66
对比复合材料2 1184
注:透气性单位为L/(m2*s),表示复合材料每平方米每秒的透气量。
此外,还使用本发明的复合材料3、4和5分别进行上述测试,结果表明其透气量均介于800~1200L/(m2*s)之间。
测试例3:剥离强力测试
根据FZ/T 80007.1-2006,测定上述复合材料的剥离强力,结果如下表所示:
复合材料 径向剥离强力(N) 纬向剥离强力(N)
复合材料1 10.6 13.5
复合材料2 10.5 13.5
对比复合材料2 2.6 3.0
此外,还使用本发明的复合材料3、4和5分别进行上述测试,结果表明其剥离强力均介于10~15N之间。
测试例4:水洗牢度测试
剪取50cm×50cm的复合材料样品,放入40℃烘箱进行干燥,至质量不再变化。使用如下GB/T 8629规定的B型洗衣机:
Figure BDA0002527248850000201
向上述GB/T 8629规定的B型洗衣机中,加入ECE标准洗涤剂98(不含酶和荧光增白剂的无磷洗衣粉)2g、20公斤水、7块磨料(厚度为1.5mm的橡胶剪切块),水温40℃,以如下洗涤程序洗涤3次:
B型标准洗衣机洗涤程序
Figure BDA0002527248850000202
洗涤后的样品于105~110℃干燥,测量干燥后的样品质量。用洗涤后样品的重量损失率评价耐机洗黏结牢度,其中损失的质量即为脱离的球形活性炭质量,结果如下表所示。
洗涤前(g) 洗涤后(g) 损失率(%)
复合材料1 95.41 95.03 -0.4%(含烘干称量误差)
复合材料2 75.51 75.22 -0.4%(含烘干称量误差)
对比复合材料2 107.43 106.24 -1.1%(含烘干称量误差)
此外,还使用本发明的复合材料3、4和5分别进行上述测试,结果表明其损失率均≤-0.5%。
测试例5:气-气防护时间
选用复合材料1和2,根据GJB-3253-98附录A的试验方法,测试对丙硫醚的透过时间,结果表明在190min仍保持不透过,防护时间超过3小时。检测证实,本发明的复合材料具有优异的有机物气体吸附和防护性能。
测试例6:拉伸强度和断裂伸长率
选用复合材料1,根据GB3923-83的试验方法进行测试,结果如下。结果表明,本发明的复合材料具有优异的机械强度。
Figure BDA0002527248850000211
测试例7:阻燃性能
选用复合材料1,根据GB5455-2014的试验方法进行测试,结果如下。结果表明,本发明的复合材料还具有优异的阻燃性能。
Figure BDA0002527248850000221
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是,本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合材料,包含基材、活性炭和介于基材和活性炭之间的粘合剂组合物,其中所述粘合剂组合物包含粘合剂和增稠剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料,其中所述基材包括第一基材和第二基材,所述活性炭介于第一基材和第二基材之间,且所述粘合剂组合物分别介于活性炭与第一基材之间,且介于活性炭与第二基材之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料,其中所述第一基材选自芳族聚酰胺类如芳纶类材料、芳族聚砜酰胺类如芳砜纶类材料;所述第二基材选自无纺布类如无纺布或水刺无纺布类材料。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的复合材料,其中所述粘合剂组合物中增稠剂的含量为粘合剂的1-10重量%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的复合材料,其中所述粘合剂组合物的粘度为15000-30000mpa·s,如20000-25000mpa·s。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的复合材料,其中所述复合材料中活性炭的克重为80-250g/m2,例如120~240g/m2,优选160~220g/m2
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的复合材料,其中粘合剂组合物在基材上呈点状分布;
优选地,第一粘合剂组合物在第一基材上呈点状分布,且第二粘合剂组合物在第二基材上呈点状分布;
更优选地,所述活性炭与第一粘合剂组合物和第二粘合剂组合物接触。
8.一种服装,包含权利要求1-7任一项所述的复合材料。
9.权利要求2-7任一项所述复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)提供包含粘合剂组合物的第一基材,其中粘合剂组合物以点状分布于第一基材的表面;
2)将活性炭与粘合剂组合物的点接触,以获得粘合活性炭的第一基材;
3)将第一基材中粘合有活性炭的一面与第二基材通过粘合剂组合物粘合。
10.权利要求1-7任一项所述复合材料用于吸附气体和/或液体的用途。
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