CN114717854B - 一种疏水浆料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种疏水浆料及其制备方法与应用。所述疏水浆料,包括以下重量份的组分:70‑80份的含氟短链防水剂、1‑5份的二氧化硅、1‑3份的增稠剂和1‑12份的石墨烯水溶液;所述含氟短链防水剂包括碳原子数为6的含氟防水剂和碳原子数为4的含氟防水剂中的至少一种。所述疏水浆料可用于制备涤纶织物。所述涤纶织物中,在涤纶基体层一侧设有疏水层,从而构造双层疏水差异性结构,使得所述涤纶织物同时具有单向导湿的效果和保暖隔热的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,具体涉及一种疏水浆料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
空调、电热扇、地暖等成为了目前常用的室内采暖方式,但高能耗给能源供应和环境保护带来了巨大的压力。为了实现人体的热舒适性,降低取暖能耗,基于人体与环境微环境热管理的个人热管理(Personal Thermal Management(PTM))正成为一种有效的解决方案。
为了实现有效的个人热管理,传统的方法是增加织物的厚度,以捕获更多的空气来改善隔热性能。然而,厚重的面料通常会带来不适感并阻碍了大幅度的运动。此外,织物在受到压缩时空气会从保温层中挤出,导致隔热性能的恶化。人体的散热途径主要有热对流、热传导、热辐射,其中热辐射在人体散热中起着不可或缺的作用,在办公室等典型的室内场景中,热辐射占总散热的50%以上。新型的个人热管理纺织品通过减少人体热辐射而获得保温效果。此外,人体微环境温度升高时,会导致汗液分泌增多,若织物无法迅速将汗液导出至织物表面蒸发,会引起人体产生湿热的不适感,且容易滋生细菌引起皮肤瘙痒等皮肤问题。单向导湿织物的出现为这一问题的解决提供了新的解决思路。对于常用织物,可通过构筑其双侧疏水性差异从而实现单向导湿功能。在增强织物疏水性能方面,疏水剂成为了有效的选择,其中含氟疏水剂具有优异的拒水性能,成为现在市场上织物防水处理的主流产品。但含有烷基长链的高聚物(6个碳原子以上)在自然界中难以降解,在应用过程中存在生物积累和对环境危害等问题,近年来已受到应用限制,采用短链的含氟疏水剂(碳原子不超过6个)成为当前的研究热点。
现有存在一些具备单向导湿的服装,但其单向传递指数和液态水动态传递综合指数不佳。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是:
提供一种疏水浆料。所述疏水浆料具备良好的疏水性,用于制备涤纶织物。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是:
提供一种涤纶织物。所述涤纶织物中,在涤纶基体层一侧还设有疏水层,从而构造双层疏水差异性结构,使得所述涤纶织物同时具有单向导湿的效果和保暖隔热的效果。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是:
提供一种所述涤纶织物的应用。
本发明所要解决的第四个技术问题是:
所述涤纶织物在遮阳产品中的应用。
本发明还提出一种涤纶织物在服装中的应用。
为了解决所述第一个技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种疏水浆料,包括以下重量份的组分:
70-80份的含氟短链防水剂、1-5份的二氧化硅、1-3份的增稠剂和1-12份的石墨烯水溶液;
所述含氟短链防水剂包括碳原子数为6的含氟防水剂和碳原子数为4的含氟防水剂中的至少一种。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,所述石墨烯水溶液,其浓度为1-8mg/mL,溶液用量为12wt%。
选用碳原子数为4或者6含氟短链防水剂,因为碳链较相对较长,想要达到相同效果需要的用量较少,因此更为经济。优选的,优选碳原子数为6的含氟防水剂,更有利于降低成本。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,所述增稠剂包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯和聚丙烯酰胺中的至少一种。
增稠剂起到增强浆料粘度作用,在进行单面涂层整理时,防止浆料渗透到织物背面。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,所述二氧化硅为纳米二氧化硅,粒径为10-15nm,比表面积为300±50m2/g。
石墨烯水溶液起在增强红外反射的效果,石墨烯具有诸多优异的物理、化学性能(例如红外反射性能),然而由于其较大的比表面积,再加上片层与片层之间存在很大的范德华力,极易发生团聚,影响了其在使用过程中性能的发挥,因此常常将其分散于液相基体中进行使用。
为了解决所述第二个技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种涤纶织物,包括涤纶基体层,所述涤纶基体层一侧设有疏水层;
所述疏水层由所述疏水浆料制备得到。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,所述涤纶基体层一侧设有疏水层。
所述疏水层的疏水性大于涤纶基体。
为了解决所述第三个技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种疏水浆料在涤纶织物上的应用,包括以下步骤:
S1混合含氟短链防水剂、二氧化硅、增稠剂和石墨烯水溶液,得到疏水浆料;
S2将所述疏水浆料涂覆在涤纶基体层的一侧,烘干,得到涤纶织物。
所述涤纶织物能够同时调节织物热/湿舒适性,确保织物同时具备保暖性和干爽性。
在涤纶基体层一侧设有疏水层,从而构造双层疏水差异性结构,使得所述涤纶织物具有单向导湿的效果,其单向传递指数可达到1615.76%以上,液态水动态传递综合指数1.00以上。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,所述石墨烯水溶液浓度为1-8mg/mL,该浓度为配置石墨烯水溶液的浓度。
随着石墨烯水溶液浓度的增加,会使得所述疏水层层面的粗糙度逐渐增加,则疏水性增强、接触角增大。
随着石墨烯水溶液浓度的增加,会使得所述疏水层孔隙减少,导致水分通过疏水涂层面的路径减少、涂层面向上的单向导湿指数随之减少。当石墨烯浓度过大,会使得孔隙堵塞,导致所述涤纶织物的非涂层面的单向传递指数下降。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,混合石墨烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和蒸馏水得到所述石墨烯水溶液。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,石墨烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮质量比为1:1-5。
在涤纶织物中的石墨烯,同时具备热传导性能与热辐射性能,本发明通过控制石墨烯的用量,来平衡热传导性能与热辐射性能,使得涤纶织物的保暖性能能够达到最佳。
长链含氟防水剂在生产过程中会产生全氟辛酸(PFOA)以及全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物(PFOS)而这两种化学物质是有害产物,而本发明使用的短链含氟防水剂则不含有这两种物质,因此更加安全、环保。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,含氟短链疏水剂起到降低织物表面能作用。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,在所述涤纶基体层上涂覆5-12μm厚的疏水浆料。
本发明的另一个方面,还涉及所述一种疏水浆料在遮阳产品中的应用。
本发明的再一个方面,还提供一种疏水浆料在服装中的应用。
所述技术方案中的一个技术方案至少具有如下优点或有益效果之一:
所述涤纶织物中,在涤纶基体层一侧设有疏水层,从而构造双层疏水差异性结构,使得所述涤纶织物同时具有单向导湿的效果和保暖隔热的效果。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为实施例1的涤纶织物制备过程示意图。
图2为实施例1-5制得的涤纶织物、对比例制得的织物进行非涂层面温度测试的测试图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的范围。
实施例和对比例中,涤纶织物所用涤纶的经密为188根/10cm,纬密为160根/10cm,细度为35tex。
实施例和对比例中,在使用涤纶织物之前,要对涤纶织物进行预处理,预处理的步骤如下:涤纶织物在20kHz频率的超声波清洗机中用丙酮清洗20分钟,接着使用去离子水清洗15分钟,以去除杂质。
实施例和对比例中,含氟短链疏水剂购自上海赛超化工助剂有限公司的MT410。
实施例和对比例中,纳米二氧化硅购自麦克林,纳米二氧化硅的粒径为15nm,比表面为积300±50m2/g,CAS号:68611-44-9。
实施例和对比例中,增稠剂购自佛山市传化富联精细化工有限公司的ATF。
实施例和对比例中,石墨烯水溶液中的石墨烯购自南京先丰纳米材料科技有限公司XF001W,该石墨烯采用物理法制备,直径为0.5-5μm,厚度约为0.8nm,单层率约为80%,纯度为99wt%。
实施例和对比例中,石墨烯水溶液为石墨烯粉末、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蒸馏水的混合物,其中,石墨烯粉末与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮按照质量比1:5;石墨烯质量百分比为12wt%,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮购自西陇科学股份有限公司。
实施例1
混合80重量份的含氟短链防水剂、5重量份的二氧化硅、3重量份的增稠剂和12重量份的石墨烯水溶液(浓度为1mg/mL),搅拌20分钟得到疏水浆料;将疏水浆料使用棒涂法在涤纶织物的一侧进行涂覆,涂层厚度为12μm。在110℃温度下烘干6分钟,得到涤纶织物,制备过程示意图如图1。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别仅在于石墨烯水溶液浓度不同,实施例2中石墨烯水溶液浓度为2mg/mL。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的区别仅在于石墨烯水溶液浓度不同,实施例3中石墨烯水溶液浓度为3mg/mL。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1的区别仅在于石墨烯水溶液浓度不同,实施例4中石墨烯水溶液浓度为4mg/mL。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1的区别仅在于石墨烯水溶液浓度不同,实施例5中石墨烯水溶液浓度为8mg/mL。
对比例
混合80重量份的含氟短链防水剂、5重量份的二氧化硅和3重量份的增稠剂,搅拌20分钟得到疏水浆料;将疏水浆料使用棒涂法在涤纶织物的一侧进行涂覆,涂层厚度为12μm。在110℃温度下烘干6分钟,得到织物。
性能测试:
1.对实施例1-5制得的涤纶织物,进行水接触角、累积单程输送能力、总体水分管理能力测试,测试结果如表1。
表1水接触角、累积单程输送能力、总体水分管理能力数据表
水接触角的测量方法:
使用德国Kruss公司DSA25E接触角测量仪,分别将10μL去离子水和油滴在疏水涤纶织物上,随机测量五个位点,取其平均值。
单向传递指数及液态水动态传递综合指数测量方法:
使用中国易立公司EY60水分管理测试仪,按照GB/T 21655.2-2009标准测量了水分转移性。单向传递指数(O)和液态水动态传递综合指数(M)的测量采用了MMT内置软件中的公式。单向输送能力计算公式如下:
其中:Ub为渗透面的吸水量,Ut为浸水面的吸水量,t为总测试时间。
液态水动态传递综合指数计算公式如下:
M=C1ABD+C2OD+C3SBD
其中:C1,C2和C3—权重值(C1=0.25,C2=0.5,C3=0.25)。
ABD,OD,SBD分别是渗透面吸水速率、单向传递指数和渗透面扩散速度的无量纲化计算值。
表1数据分析:
涂层面水接触角:随着本发明实施例1-4涂层面接触角石墨烯浓度的增加,涂层面的粗糙度逐渐增加,导致疏水性增强、接触角增大。实施例5中由于石墨烯浓度过高时,涂层面的粗糙程度反而下降,导致接触角出现下降现象。
非涂层面接触角:由于浆料进行单面涂覆,因此非涂层面接触角变化不大,在测量误差范围内。
单向传递指数:本发明实施例1-2涂层面与非涂层面接触角相差增大,涂层面向上的单向导湿指数随之增加,因为双侧的疏水差异有利于增强单向导湿性。本发明实施例3-5中,随着石墨烯浓度的增加,导致涂层孔隙减少,因此水滴通过涂层面的路径减少、涂层面向上的单向导湿指数随之减少。本发明实施例1-4中非涂层面向上的单向导湿指数由于双侧疏水性差异的增大,非涂层面单向导湿指数逐渐下降。实施例5中由于石墨烯浓度过大,导致孔隙堵塞进一步使得非涂层面的单向传递指数下降。
液态水动态传递综合指数:
数据变化原因同涂层面单向导湿指数。
综上,从表1可以看出,实施例1-5制备的以涤纶为基底的单向导湿保暖织物均有单向导湿的效果,且实施例2所制得的织物效果最佳,其单向传递指数可达到1615.76%,液态水动态传递综合指数1.00,二者数值均达到GB/T21655.2-2009标准中的5级要求。
2.对实施例1-5制得的涤纶织物、对比例制得的织物进行非涂层面温度测试,结果如表2和图2,其中,图2的(a)-(e)依次对应实施例1-5制得的涤纶织物,图2的(f)对应对比例制得的织物,测试过程中,实施例1-5制得的涤纶织物和对比例制得的织物都是涂层面朝向加热板,非涂层面向外。
表2非涂层面温度随石墨烯浓度变化表
保暖性能测量方法:
使用日本NEC-Avio公司R550-Pro红外热成像测温系统,将10cm×10cm的单向导湿织物放在加热台上(非涂层面朝上,加热台温度设定为38℃)观察加热120s后织物表面(即非涂层面)温度。
表2数据分析:
加热台温度设置为38℃,由于织物本身的隔热性能,因此所有实施例与对比例温度均低于38℃。实施例1-5制得的涤纶织物因为添加了石墨烯,增强了红外反射,因此实施例1-5制得的涤纶织物温度均小于对比例温度。实施例1-2中随着石墨烯浓度的增加,人体红外反射效果增强、保暖效果增强,因此非涂层面温度下降(表明更多热量被留在织物里层即涂层面)。进一步增加石墨烯浓度则非涂层面温度上升,这是因为当石墨烯浓度过高时,热传导性能优于热辐射性能,因此热量被传递至织物表面(非涂层面)导致测量温度升高。
从图1和表2可以看出,由于织物本身的隔热性能,非涂层面的温度均低于加热板所设置的38℃。但使用添加石墨烯水溶液的疏水浆料制备的涤纶织物非涂层面的温度更低(均低于对比例1的37.76℃)其中实施例2所制得的织物外侧(非涂层面)温度最低(33.35℃),表明热量很好的被保留在织物里侧(涂层面)与对比例1相比温度降低了4.41℃。
综上,结果表明涤纶织物可以有效的使织物同时具备热/湿舒适性的管理功能。
以上仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等同变换,或直接或间接运用在相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种疏水浆料,其特征在于:包括以下重量份的组分:
70-80份的含氟短链防水剂、1-5份的二氧化硅、1-3份的增稠剂和1-12份的石墨烯水溶液;
所述含氟短链防水剂包括碳原子数为6的含氟防水剂和碳原子数为4的含氟防水剂中的至少一种;
所述石墨烯水溶液浓度为1-8 mg/mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种疏水浆料,其特征在于:所述增稠剂包括聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯和聚丙烯酰胺中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种疏水浆料,其特征在于:所述二氧化硅为纳米二氧化硅,粒径为10-15 nm,比表面积为300±50 m2/g。
4.一种涤纶织物,其特征在于:
包括涤纶基体层,所述涤纶基体层一侧设有疏水层;
所述疏水层由权利要求1至3任一所述的疏水浆料制备得到。
5.如权利要求1至3任一所述的疏水浆料在遮阳产品中的应用。
6.如权利要求1至3任一所述的疏水浆料在服装中的应用。
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