CN112044126A - Energy-saving squeezing and filtering method and filter press - Google Patents
Energy-saving squeezing and filtering method and filter press Download PDFInfo
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- CN112044126A CN112044126A CN202011013108.6A CN202011013108A CN112044126A CN 112044126 A CN112044126 A CN 112044126A CN 202011013108 A CN202011013108 A CN 202011013108A CN 112044126 A CN112044126 A CN 112044126A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D25/00—Filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts of such elements
- B01D25/12—Filter presses, i.e. of the plate or plate and frame type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D25/00—Filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts of such elements
- B01D25/28—Leaching or washing filter cakes in the filter handling the filter cake for purposes other than regenerating
- B01D25/282—Leaching or washing filter cakes in the filter handling the filter cake for purposes other than regenerating for drying
- B01D25/284—Leaching or washing filter cakes in the filter handling the filter cake for purposes other than regenerating for drying by gases or by heating
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving squeezing and filtering method and a filter press. The squeezing and filtering method adopts the technical measures that hot compressed air is introduced into a filter cavity of a filter press to carry out wind power squeezing and drying treatment on a filter cake in the filter cavity. On the basis of the filter press, heated compressed air is introduced into a filter cavity of the filter press, and the filter cake squeezed and filtered at present is synchronously processed by wind power extrusion and drying, so that filtrate in the filter cake can be effectively and efficiently discharged by the wind power extrusion, the dryness of the filter cake can be reliably and effectively improved by the drying, the filter cake discharged from the filter press can be prevented from being independently dried, and the construction of large-scale drying equipment with huge investment can be saved; the invention dries the filter cake in the squeezing and filtering process, and has low operation cost, obvious energy saving and economic benefit and good economical efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid-liquid separation technology, in particular to an energy-saving squeezing and filtering method and an energy-saving filter press.
Background
The filter press is an important solid-liquid separation device applied to industrial production and is widely applied to the technical fields of wastewater, chemical industry, food, metallurgy, pharmacy and the like.
The common filter press mainly comprises a frame, a plurality of diaphragm plates (namely press plates) and a plurality of filter plates which are alternately arranged on the frame, filter cloth and the like positioned between the adjacent diaphragm plates and the filter plates, wherein a filter cavity capable of squeezing and filtering slurry is formed between the adjacent diaphragm plates and the filter plates, and one side of each diaphragm plate, which corresponds to the filter plate, is provided with a pressure cavity capable of squeezing the filter cavity by a flexible diaphragm (such as a rubber membrane and the like) with good tightness. The working process of squeezing and filtering is that all plate frames are folded in sequence to form a plurality of filtering cavities; the slurry is distributed in each filter cavity through a liquid inlet channel; introducing a fluid medium (e.g., compressed air or water) into each pressure chamber through the extrusion channel to expand the flexible membrane to extrude the slurry in the corresponding filter chamber; filtrate discharged by extrusion in each filter cavity is output through a filtrate channel; after the squeezing and filtering are finished, pulling the plate frames apart in sequence to open the corresponding filtering cavities to realize slag unloading; thus completing a filtering and squeezing work flow.
At present, in various filter presses including the above-mentioned common filter press, a certain amount of moisture is always present in the filter residue obtained after the solid-liquid separation is completed, which is not enough for the next process to use the filter residue just obtained after the solid-liquid separation in some industries with high technical requirements, such as chemical industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc., but needs to transfer the filter residue from the filter press to a large drying device for drying treatment, so as to further improve the dryness of the filter residue. The technical measure is not only troublesome to operate and low in production efficiency, but also is independently put into large-scale drying equipment on the basis of the existence of the pressure filter, and the construction cost is millions or even tens of millions; in addition, the single drying mode has the technical problem of high operation cost, and experiments show that the dryness is improved by about 5-8% by taking about ten tons of filter residue for drying, so that energy sources (natural gas, coal, steam and the like) at least consume more than one hundred yuan (based on the 2020-year price standard).
In summary, the conventional squeezing and filtering technology of the filter press has relatively limited improvement on the dryness of the filter residue, and the obtained filter residue needs to consume a large amount of energy alone to improve the dryness, so that the filter press is poor in economical efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical objects of the present invention is to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the energy-saving squeezing and filtering method which can effectively improve the dryness of the squeezed filter residue and has good economical efficiency is provided.
The second technical purpose of the invention is that: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the energy-saving filter press which can effectively improve the dryness of the squeezed filter residue and has good economical efficiency is provided.
One of the technical purposes of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the technical measure adopted by the squeezing and filtering method is that hot compressed air is introduced into a filter cavity of a filter press to carry out wind power squeezing and drying treatment on a filter cake in the filter cavity.
As one preferable scheme, the introduction of the hot compressed air into the filter press is at the time of the remaining 1/2-1/4 time course of the current diaphragm press filtration process; alternatively, the introduction of said hot compressed air into the press is after the completion of the current diaphragm press filtration process.
As one preferable scheme, the temperature of the hot compressed air is more than or equal to 80 ℃.
The second technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an energy-saving filter press, includes pressure filter body and compressed air system, polylith diaphragm plate and polylith filter plate have arranged in turn in the frame of pressure filter body, constitute between adjacent diaphragm plate and the filter plate and squeeze the filter chamber of filtering thick liquids, pressure filter body with have between the compressed air system can to the gas transmission route of compressed air is inputed to the filter chamber of pressure filter body, be provided with on the gas transmission route and carry out the heater that heats to the compressed air that flows through, the process compressed air of heater heating lets in the filter chamber of pressure filter body.
Preferably, the gas transfer passage between the filter press body and the compressed air system is mainly composed of a main gas transfer passage and a bypass gas transfer passage, the heater is connected to the main gas transfer passage, and an upstream end of the bypass gas transfer passage is connected to an upstream section of the main gas transfer passage upstream of the heater through a switching valve, and a downstream end of the bypass gas transfer passage is connected to a downstream section of the main gas transfer passage downstream of the heater.
As one of the preferable schemes, the heater is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Further, the heater is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger for oil-gas heat exchange.
Preferably, each diaphragm plate body and each filter plate body of the filter press body are respectively of a metal structure.
As one of the preferable schemes, a filter cloth is arranged in each filter cavity of the filter press body; the filter press comprises a filter press body and is characterized in that each plate frame on a frame of the filter press body is provided with at least one feeding channel, at least one filtrate channel, at least one extrusion channel and at least one gas drying channel, the feeding channel is communicated with each filter cavity through corresponding distributing pore channels, the filtrate channel is communicated with each filter cavity through corresponding liquid guide pore channels, the extrusion channel is communicated with each pressure cavity through corresponding liquid guide pore channels, the upstream end of the gas drying channel is communicated with a gas transmission channel on a compressed air system and is communicated with each filter cavity through corresponding gas guide pore channels, and the gas drying channel can introduce compressed air into each filter cavity in the pressing and filtering process of the filter press body. Furthermore, the filtrate channels are at least two mutually independent channels, wherein one filtrate channel is also used as a gas drying channel. A plurality of bulges are formed on the flexible diaphragm extrusion working surface of the diaphragm plate of the filter press body, and a liquid discharge slot opening is formed between every two adjacent bulges; a filter screen capable of forming a liquid drainage channel is arranged in a filter cavity of a filter plate of the filter press body; the filter cloth that sets up in the filter chamber of pressure filter body is bilayer structure, is used as the thick liquids of arranging between the two-layer filter cloth, and one side filter cloth corresponds cooperation diaphragm plate, opposite side filter cloth and corresponds the cooperation filter plate.
The technical scheme adopted by one of the technical purposes of the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. on the basis of the filter press, heated compressed air is introduced into a filter cavity of the filter press, and the filter cake (namely filter residue, the same below) which is squeezed and filtered at present is subjected to wind power extrusion and drying synchronous treatment, so that filtrate in the filter cake can be effectively and efficiently discharged through the wind power extrusion treatment, the dryness of the filter cake can be reliably and effectively improved through the drying treatment, the filter residue discharged from the filter press is favorably prevented from being subjected to independent drying treatment, and the construction of large-scale drying equipment with huge investment is favorably saved; according to the invention, the filter cake is dried in the squeezing and filtering process, the operation cost is low, tests show that about ten tons of filter residues are dried, the dryness is improved by about 5-8%, the energy (power) consumption is about ten yuan (based on 2020-year price standard), the energy saving and economic benefit are obvious compared with that of independent drying treatment, and the economical efficiency is good;
2. according to the invention, hot compressed air is introduced to carry out wind power extrusion and drying treatment in the latter half of diaphragm squeezing filtration, so that the wind power extrusion is effectively assisted with the diaphragm squeezing, and the filtrate discharge and the filter cake dryness improvement are both efficient.
The second technical purpose of the invention adopts the technical scheme with the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the filter press body, the compressed air system and the heater are effectively combined together, so that compressed air discharged by the compressed air system enters the filter cavity of the filter press body after being heated by the heater, filter cakes pressed and filtered at present are synchronously processed by wind power extrusion and drying, filtrate in the filter cakes can be effectively discharged by the wind power extrusion processing, the dryness of the filter cakes can be reliably and effectively improved by the drying processing, the filter cakes discharged from the filter press are prevented from being independently dried, and the construction of large-scale drying equipment with huge investment is saved; the filter cake is dried in the squeezing and filtering process, the operation cost is low, the energy saving and the economic benefit are obvious compared with the energy saving and the economic benefit of independent drying treatment, and the economy is good;
2. the gas transmission passage arrangement structure between the filter press body and the compressed air system can introduce hot compressed air or cold compressed air into the filter cavity of the filter press body according to the working condition requirement, thereby being convenient for flexible operation;
3. the heater adopted by the invention has compact structure, can reliably heat the passing compressed air at economic operation cost, and is beneficial to flexibly adjusting the heating temperature according to the working condition requirement;
4. the plate frames made of metal, namely the diaphragm plates and the filter plates, selected by the filter press body can reliably support the heated compressed air to do work in the filter cavity, namely the work of the hot compressed air in the filter cavity cannot influence the structural performance of the diaphragm plates and the filter plates forming the filter cavity, which cannot be supported by the common plastic plate frames at present;
5. according to the forming structure of the filter press body, the gas drying channels which can be correspondingly communicated with the filter cavities are formed, so that compressed air can be respectively introduced into the filter cavities through the gas drying channels in the working process of squeezing and filtering, and the compressed air entering the filter cavities can assist the pressure cavity of the diaphragm plate to squeeze and dry filter cakes in the filter cavities (the hot compressed air also serves as drying treatment), so that the dryness of the squeezed filter cakes can be efficiently and reliably improved, the solid-liquid separation effect is effectively enhanced, the squeezing and filtering period can be greatly shortened, and the efficiency and the energy are high;
6. the filter press body of the invention uses one of the filtrate channels as the gas drying channel, does not need to additionally arrange the gas drying channel on the plate frame, has simple structure and low manufacturing cost (only the filtrate channel which is also used as the gas drying channel is communicated with the compressed air system through the switching valve), and is not only suitable for the transformation of the filter press in service, but also suitable for the forming of the newly-built filter press; therefore, all filtrate channels can be used when filtrate is required to be discharged in a large flow, and filter cakes can be effectively extruded by compressed air when compressed air is required to be introduced for wind extrusion drying treatment (drying treatment), so that the operation is flexible and convenient;
7. the flexible diaphragm structure of the diaphragm plate of the filter press body and the filter screen structure on one side of the filter plate are beneficial to efficiently and fully introducing compressed air into the filter cavity, efficiently and fully performing wind extrusion drying treatment (drying treatment) on filter cakes in the filter cavity, and simultaneously ensuring that the squeezed filtrate can efficiently and smoothly flow, so that the high efficiency and the energy saving are more remarkable, and the filter press body is particularly obvious under the matching of a double-layer filter cloth structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an architecture of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a partial plate and frame arrangement of the filter press body of figure 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the diaphragm plate in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the filter plate of fig. 2.
The reference numbers in the figures mean: 1, a filter press body; 2-compressed air system; 3-upstream section of main gas transmission path; 4, switching valve; 5, a heater; 6-downstream section of main gas transmission channel; 7-bypass gas transmission path; 8-a one-way valve; 9-a diaphragm plate; 10-a filter plate; 11-filter cloth; 12-a stay bar; 13-a filter screen; 14-a filter cake; 15-a feed channel; 16-extrusion channel; 17-filtrate channel one; 18-a liquid leading pore channel I; 19-filtrate channel two; 20-a liquid leading pore canal II; 21-a flexible diaphragm; 22-projection.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a solid-liquid separation technology, in particular to a high-efficiency energy-saving squeezing filtration method and a high-efficiency energy-saving filter press, and the main technical content of the invention is explained in detail by a plurality of embodiments. In embodiment 1, the technical contents of the present invention are clearly and specifically explained with reference to the drawings of the specification, i.e., fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, and although the drawings are not separately drawn in other embodiments, the main structure of the embodiments can still refer to the drawings of embodiment 1.
It is expressly noted here that the drawings of the present invention are schematic and have been simplified in unnecessary detail for the purpose of clarity and to avoid obscuring the technical solutions that the present invention contributes to the prior art.
Example 1
The invention relates to an energy-saving squeezing and filtering method based on a filter press, which adopts the following technical measures:
the filter press is currently in the process of pressing and filtering work;
when the current press filter work process has completed about 2/3 hours of the entire press filter process (i.e. about 1/3 hours of the entire press filter process remains), the continued press work of the press pocket is maintained;
hot compressed air is introduced into the filter chamber of the filter press (the temperature of the hot compressed air is greater than or equal to 80 ℃, usually more than 100 ℃, and the higher the temperature is, the better the drying effect is, depending on the working condition requirements), the hot compressed air assists the pressure chamber to carry out wind extrusion on the filter cake in the filter chamber, and the temperature of the hot compressed air assists the pressure chamber to carry out drying treatment on the filter cake in the filter chamber.
The press filtration method described above is supported by the following filter press.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, in order to implement the above-described press filtering method, the filter press of the present invention includes a filter press body 1, a compressed air system 2 and a heater 5.
The filter press body 1 is a plate-and-frame filter press, and mainly comprises a frame, a hold-down plate (i.e. a diaphragm plate or a filter plate with a filter cavity on one side) and a thrust plate (i.e. a diaphragm plate or a filter plate with a filter cavity on one side) assembled on a main beam of the frame, an intermediate plate frame (i.e. a diaphragm plate and a filter plate with a filter cavity on both sides) assembled on a main beam between the hold-down plate and the thrust plate, filter cloth arranged between every two adjacent plate frames, a feeding system, a drainage system, a hydraulic system and the like.
For convenience of description, the plate frames on the frame are divided into membrane plates 9 and filter plates 10, that is, the plate frames on the frame are a plurality of membrane plates 9 and a plurality of filter plates 10 alternately arranged.
The plate body, i.e., the base plate, of the diaphragm plate 9 is formed of a metal material (e.g., a steel plate). The filter cavity of the diaphragm plate 9 is provided with a flexible diaphragm 21 forming a pressure cavity with the diaphragm plate substrate, a plurality of bulges 22 are formed on the extrusion working surface of the flexible diaphragm 21, the bulges 22 are composed of a plurality of large-diameter bulges and a plurality of small-diameter bulges, and liquid discharge slots are formed between the adjacent bulges 22. Specifically, the large-diameter protrusions are arranged in the non-edge region of the flexible diaphragm 21, the small-diameter protrusions are arranged in the edge region of the flexible diaphragm 21 and the region between the large-diameter protrusions, and no matter whether the large-diameter protrusions or the small-diameter protrusions are arranged, an inwards concave liquid discharge slot is formed between every two adjacent protrusions 22; the diameter of the large diameter protrusion is typically about 2 to 3 times (e.g., 2 or 3 times, etc.) the diameter of the small diameter protrusion.
Two corners of the upper part of the base plate of the diaphragm plate 9 are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding feeding channel 15, two corners of the lower part of the base plate are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding filtrate channel (namely a filtrate channel I17 and a filtrate channel II 19), and the center of the lower part of the base plate is provided with a hole section for forming an extrusion channel 16. Correspondingly, two corners of the upper part of the base plate of the filter plate 10 are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding feeding channel 15, two corners of the lower part of the base plate are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding filtrate channel (namely a filtrate channel I17 and a filtrate channel II 19), and the center of the lower part of the base plate is provided with a hole section for forming an extrusion channel 16. After the diaphragm plates 9 and the filter plates 10 which are alternately arranged are folded in sequence, the corresponding hole sections at two corners of the upper part are axially butted and combined together to form corresponding feeding channels 15, and the feeding channels 15 are connected with a feeding system; the corresponding hole sections at one corner of the lower part are axially butted and combined together to form a corresponding filtrate channel I17, the corresponding hole sections at the other corner of the lower part are axially butted and combined together to form a corresponding filtrate channel II 19, and the filtrate channel I17 and the filtrate channel II 19 are respectively connected with a liquid drainage system; the corresponding hole sections at the center are axially butted and combined together to form an extrusion channel 16, and the extrusion channel 16 is connected with a compressed air system (the compressed air system can be a compressed air system connected with a heater, or can be a single-position compressed air system, usually a set of compressed air system; and the compressed air system can be replaced by a high-pressure water system as an extrusion medium). In the structure, each feeding channel 15 is respectively communicated with each filter cavity through a corresponding distributing pore (the distributing pore can be singly formed on a diaphragm plate, or a filter plate, or formed on the diaphragm plate and the filter plate respectively); the first filtrate channel 17 is respectively communicated with each filter cavity through a corresponding first liquid guide pore channel 18 (the first liquid guide pore channel can be singly formed on a diaphragm plate, a filter plate or the diaphragm plate and the filter plate); the second filtrate channel 19 is respectively communicated with each filter cavity through a corresponding second liquid guide pore channel 20 (the second liquid guide pore channel can be singly formed on a diaphragm plate, a filter plate or the diaphragm plate and the filter plate); the extrusion channel 16 communicates with each pressure chamber via a corresponding flow-directing channel formed in the diaphragm plate.
The first filtrate channel 17 and the second filtrate channel 19 are distinguished because one of the filtrate channels needs to double as a gas drying channel. In this embodiment, the first filtrate channel 17 doubles as a gas drying channel, and the second filtrate channel 19 is always a filtrate channel. Thus, the second filtrate channel 19 does not double as a gas drying channel, and is coupled in a conventional configuration to a drainage system. The filtrate channel I17 is also used as a gas drying channel, is connected in a liquid discharge system according to the traditional structure, and is also connected in the compressed air system 2 through a switching valve; preferably, the compressed air system 2 is connected upstream of the filtrate channel one 17, and the switching valve is preferably a one-way valve, i.e. the gas in the compressed air system 2 can only be input into the filtrate channel one 17, and the filtrate in the filtrate channel one 17 can not be input into the compressed air system 2.
The plate body, i.e., the base plate, of the filter plate 10 is formed of a metal material (e.g., a steel plate). A filter 13 is disposed in the filter chamber of the filter sheet 10 in close contact with the base of the filter sheet 10 and is capable of forming a drain passage in the filter chamber of the filter sheet 10.
In the arrangement structure of the diaphragm plates 9 and the filter plates 10, a filter cavity capable of containing slurry and squeezing and filtering the slurry is formed between the adjacent diaphragm plates 9 and the adjacent filter plates 10. An independent filter cloth 11 is arranged in each filter cavity, and the independence means that the filter cloth in the current filter cavity is not discontinuous with the filter cloth in the rest filter cavities, namely the filter cloth 11 in each filter cavity exists independently. The filter cloth 11 arranged in each filter cavity is of a double-layer structure, the filter cloth 11 of the double-layer structure is formed by winding and drooping two sides of the filter cloth hung on the corresponding support rod 12, one side of the winding and drooping is correspondingly matched with the flexible diaphragm 21 in the filter cavity of the diaphragm plate 9, and the other side of the winding and drooping is correspondingly matched with the filter screen 13 in the filter cavity of the filter plate 10; the two layers of filter cloth 11 are used for arranging slurry, that is, the corresponding cloth pore passage on the feeding channel 15 corresponds to the space between the two layers of filter cloth 11 in the filter cavity.
The filtrate channel I17 on the filter press body 1 is connected with the compressed air system 2 through a gas transmission channel (i.e. a pipeline).
The gas transmission channel between the filtrate channel I17 on the filter press body 1 and the compressed air system 2 mainly comprises a main gas transmission channel and a bypass gas transmission channel 7. The main gas transmission passage is connected with a heater 5, the heater 5 is an oil-gas heat exchange shell-and-tube heat exchanger with excellent heat exchange performance and compact structure, and the heater 5 divides the main gas transmission passage into an upstream section 3 of the main gas transmission passage close to one side of the compressed air system 2 and a downstream section 6 of the main gas transmission passage close to one side of the filter press body 1; the heater 5 is used for heating the compressed air flowing through, and the compressed air heated by the heater 5 is introduced into each corresponding filter cavity on the filter press body 1 through the first filter liquid channel 17. The upstream end of the bypass gas transmission passage 7 is connected to the upstream section 3 of the main gas transmission passage upstream of the heater 5 through the switching valve 4, the downstream end is connected to the downstream section 6 of the main gas transmission passage downstream of the heater 5, the bypass gas transmission passage 7 bypasses the heater 5, and the path of the heater 5 or the path of the bypass gas transmission passage 7 can be conducted through the switching valve 4; at the downstream end of the bypass 7, a check valve 8 is considered, which prevents heated compressed air from entering the bypass 7, and correspondingly, at the downstream section 6 of the main transfer passage on the upstream side of the downstream end of the bypass 7, a further check valve is provided, by means of which cold compressed air is prevented from entering the heater.
The use method of the filter press comprises the following steps:
each plate frame on the frame is folded in sequence to form a plurality of filter cavities, and each channel is also formed by butt joint in sequence;
-arranging the slurry in each filter chamber through the inlet channel 15;
after the feed is completed, a fluid medium (for example compressed air or water, etc.) is introduced into each pressure chamber through the squeezing channel 16, causing the flexible membrane 21 to expand and squeeze the slurry in the corresponding filter chamber;
most of the filtrate squeezed and discharged from each filter chamber is discharged through the first filtrate channel 17 and the second filtrate channel 19 until about 2/3 hours of the whole press filtration process is completed (i.e. about 1/3 hours of the whole press filtration process remains), the pressure chambers of the diaphragm plates 9 are kept to continue squeezing and applying work, meanwhile, the switching valves connected to the first filtrate channel 17 are opened, and the compressed air conveyed by the heater 5 is conducted (the second filtrate channel 19 keeps the filtrate output function), so that the heated compressed air enters the corresponding filter chambers, on one hand, the pressure chambers of the diaphragm plates 9 are assisted to perform squeezing and drying work, and on the other hand, the filter cakes 14 are dried and dried in the filter chambers;
until the squeezing and filtering treatment is finished and the filter cake 14 reaches the required drying degree, stopping supplying air into the first filtrate channel 17 by switching a valve, removing the pressure in the pressure cavity of the diaphragm plate 9, pulling the plate and removing slag;
or, until the squeezing and filtering treatment is finished, the pressure in the pressure cavity of the diaphragm plate 9 is removed, the hot compressed air is used for carrying out wind power squeezing and drying treatment on the filter cake 14 continuously until the filter cake 14 reaches the required drying degree, and the plate is pulled to remove the slag.
Example 2
The rest of the present embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, except that: heated compressed air was passed through the air dryer passage into each filter chamber until about 1/2 hours of the entire press filtration process was completed (i.e., about 1/2 hours of the entire press filtration process remained).
Example 4
The rest of the present embodiment is the same as embodiment 1, except that: heated compressed air was passed through the air dryer passage into each filter chamber until about 3/4 hours of the entire press filtration process was completed (i.e., about 1/4 hours of the entire press filtration process remained).
Example 5
The invention relates to an energy-saving squeezing and filtering method based on a filter press, which adopts the following technical measures:
the filter press is currently in the process of pressing and filtering work;
the current squeezing and filtering work process is finished (according to the conventional measures, the filter cavity is only opened and the slag is discharged);
hot compressed air is introduced into a filter chamber of the filter press (the temperature of the hot compressed air is more than or equal to 80 ℃, usually more than 100 ℃, and the higher the temperature is, the better the drying effect is, depending on the working condition requirements), the hot compressed air is used for carrying out wind extrusion on the filter cake in the filter chamber, and meanwhile, the temperature of the hot compressed air is used for carrying out drying treatment on the filter cake in the filter chamber.
The press filtration method described above is supported by the following filter press.
In order to realize the squeezing and filtering method, the filter press comprises a filter press body, a compressed air system and a heater.
The filter press body is a plate-frame filter press, which mainly comprises a frame, a pressing plate (namely a diaphragm plate or a filter plate with a filter cavity on one side) and a thrust plate (namely the diaphragm plate or the filter plate with the filter cavity on one side) which are assembled on a main beam of the frame, an intermediate plate frame (namely the diaphragm plate and the filter plate with the filter cavity on two sides) which is assembled on the main beam between the pressing plate and the thrust plate, filter cloth which is continuously wound between every two adjacent plate frames in a zigzag shape, a feeding system, a drainage system, a hydraulic system and the like.
For convenience of description, the plate frames on the frame are divided into membrane plates and filter plates, that is, the plate frames on the frame are a plurality of membrane plates and a plurality of filter plates alternately arranged.
The diaphragm plate body, i.e. the base plate, is formed by a metal material (such as a steel plate). The filter cavity of the diaphragm plate is internally provided with a flexible diaphragm which forms a pressure cavity with the diaphragm plate substrate, a plurality of bulges are formed on the extrusion working surface of the flexible diaphragm, and a liquid discharge slot opening is formed between every two adjacent bulges.
Two corners of the upper part of the base plate of the diaphragm plate are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding feeding channel, two corners of the lower part of the base plate are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding filtrate channel (namely a filtrate channel I and a filtrate channel II), and the center of the lower part of the base plate is provided with a hole section for forming an extrusion channel. Correspondingly, two corners of the upper part of the base plate of the filter plate are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding feeding channel, two corners of the lower part of the base plate are respectively provided with a hole section for forming a corresponding filtrate channel (namely a filtrate channel I and a filtrate channel II), and the center of the lower part of the base plate is provided with a hole section for forming an extrusion channel. After the diaphragm plates and the filter plates which are alternately arranged are folded in sequence, the corresponding hole sections at the two corners of the upper part are axially butted and combined together to form corresponding feeding channels, and the feeding channels are connected with a feeding system; the corresponding hole sections at one corner of the lower part are axially butted and combined together to form a corresponding filtrate channel I, the corresponding hole sections at the other corner of the lower part are axially butted and combined together to form a corresponding filtrate channel II, and the filtrate channel I and the filtrate channel II are respectively connected with a liquid drainage system; the corresponding hole sections at the center are axially butted and combined together to form an extrusion channel, and the extrusion channel is connected with a compressed air system (the compressed air system can be a compressed air system connected with a heater, or can be a single-set compressed air system, usually a set of compressed air system; and the compressed air system can be replaced by a high-pressure water system as an extrusion medium). In the structure, each feeding channel is respectively communicated with each filter cavity through a corresponding distributing pore channel (the distributing pore channel can be singly formed on a diaphragm plate, a filter plate or the diaphragm plate and the filter plate); the first filtrate channel is communicated with each filter cavity through a corresponding first liquid guide pore channel (the first liquid guide pore channel can be singly formed on a diaphragm plate, a filter plate or the diaphragm plate and the filter plate respectively); the filtrate channel II is respectively communicated with each filter cavity through a corresponding liquid guide pore channel II (the liquid guide pore channel II can be singly formed on a diaphragm plate, a filter plate or the diaphragm plate and the filter plate); the extrusion channel is respectively communicated with each pressure cavity through a corresponding drainage channel (the drainage channel is formed on the diaphragm plate).
The first filtrate channel is distinguished from the second filtrate channel in that one of the filtrate channels needs to double as a gas drying channel. In this embodiment, the first filtrate channel doubles as a gas drying channel, and the second filtrate channel is always a filtrate channel. Thus, the second filtrate channel does not double as a gas drying channel, which is conventionally connected in a drainage system. The filtrate channel I is also used as a gas drying channel, is connected in a liquid discharge system according to the traditional structure, and is also connected in a compressed air system through a switching valve; preferably, the compressed air system is connected to the upstream of the first filtrate channel, and the switching valve is preferably a one-way valve, i.e. the gas in the compressed air system can only be input into the first filtrate channel, and the filtrate in the first filtrate channel cannot be input into the compressed air system.
The plate body of the filter plate, namely the base plate, is formed by adopting a metal material (such as a steel plate). And a filter screen which is tightly attached to the base plate of the filter plate and can form a liquid drainage channel in the filter cavity of the filter plate is arranged in the filter cavity of the filter plate.
In the arrangement structure of the diaphragm plates and the filter plates, a filter cavity which can contain slurry and squeeze and filter the slurry is formed between the adjacent diaphragm plates and the adjacent filter plates.
The filter cloth which is continuously wound in a shape like Chinese character 'ji' from the upper part to the lower part penetrates through each filter cavity formed by adjacent diaphragm plates and filter plates.
The first filtrate channel on the filter press body is connected with a compressed air system through a gas transmission passage (namely a pipeline).
And the gas transmission passage between the filtrate channel I on the filter press body and the compressed air system mainly consists of a main gas transmission passage and a bypass gas transmission passage. The main gas transmission passage is connected with a heater, and the heater is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with excellent heat exchange performance, compact structure and oil-gas heat exchange; the heater divides the main gas transmission passage into an upstream section of the main gas transmission passage close to one side of the compressed air system and a downstream section of the main gas transmission passage close to one side of the filter press body; the heater is used for heating the compressed air flowing through the filter press body, and the compressed air heated by the heater is introduced into each corresponding filter cavity on the filter press body through the first filter liquid channel. The upstream end of the bypass gas transmission passage is connected to the upstream section of the main gas transmission passage at the upstream of the heater through a switching valve, and the downstream end of the bypass gas transmission passage is connected to the downstream section of the main gas transmission passage at the downstream of the heater; the downstream end of the bypass gas transmission passage can be considered to be connected with a one-way valve, the heated compressed air is prevented from entering the bypass gas transmission passage by the one-way valve, and correspondingly, the downstream section of the main gas transmission passage on the upstream side of the downstream end of the bypass gas transmission passage is provided with another one-way valve, and the cold compressed air is prevented from entering the heater by the one-way valve.
The use method of the filter press comprises the following steps:
each plate frame on the frame is folded in sequence to form a plurality of filter cavities, and each channel is also formed by butt joint in sequence;
-arranging the slurry in each filter chamber through a feed channel;
after the feed is completed, a fluid medium (for example compressed air or water, etc.) is introduced into each pressure chamber through the squeezing channel, causing the flexible membrane to expand and squeeze the slurry in the corresponding filter chamber;
the filtrate squeezed out of each filter cavity is discharged through the filtrate channel I and the filtrate channel II until the whole squeezing and filtering process of the squeezing of the diaphragm plate is completed, the pressure in the pressure cavity of the diaphragm plate is relieved, and the filter cavity is not opened temporarily;
opening a switching valve connected to the first filtrate channel, and conducting compressed air delivered by a heater (the second filtrate channel keeps the filtrate output function thereof), so that the heated compressed air enters each corresponding filter cavity, and on one hand, performing wind extrusion drying work on the filter cake in the filter cavity, and on the other hand, performing drying treatment on the filter cake in the filter cavity;
until the filter cake in the filter cavity reaches the required dryness, stopping supplying air to the first filter liquid channel through a switching valve; and pulling a plate and discharging slag.
Example 6
The rest of this example is the same as example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, except that: the passage between the filter press body and the compressed air system for conveying compressed air into the filter cavity is only an air conveying passage with a heater and has no bypass structure.
Example 7
The rest of this example is the same as example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, except that: an independent gas drying channel is formed on the plate frame, namely, a gas drying channel like a filtrate channel is additionally arranged on the plate frame, and the filtrate channel and the gas drying channel are independent and do not interfere with each other.
The above examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: it is still possible to modify the specific technical solutions in the above embodiments or to equally replace some of the technical features, for example, the heater is replaced by another heat exchanger, such as a steam-air shell-and-tube heat exchanger; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its essence.
Claims (10)
1. The energy-saving squeezing and filtering method is characterized in that hot compressed air is introduced into a filter cavity of a filter press to carry out wind power squeezing and drying treatment on a filter cake in the filter cavity.
2. The energy-saving press filtration method according to claim 1, wherein the hot compressed air is introduced into the press filter at the time of 1/2-1/4 remaining in the current diaphragm press filtration process; alternatively, the introduction of said hot compressed air into the press is after the completion of the current diaphragm press filtration process.
3. The energy-saving press filtration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature of the hot compressed air is 80 ℃ or higher.
4. The energy-saving filter press comprises a filter press body (1) and a compressed air system (2), wherein a plurality of diaphragm plates (9) and a plurality of filter plates (10) are alternately arranged on a frame of the filter press body (1), a filter cavity capable of squeezing and filtering slurry is formed between the adjacent diaphragm plates (1) and the filter plates (2), an air transmission passage capable of inputting compressed air into the filter cavity of the filter press body (1) is arranged between the filter press body (1) and the compressed air system (2), the energy-saving filter press is characterized in that a heater (5) capable of heating the compressed air flowing through the filter press body is arranged on the air transmission passage, and the compressed air heated by the heater (5) is introduced into the filter cavity of the filter press body (1).
5. The filter press of claim 4, wherein the gas transmission path between the filter press body (1) and the compressed air system (2) is mainly composed of a main gas transmission path to which the heater (5) is connected and a bypass gas transmission path (7) having an upstream end connected to an upstream section (3) of the main gas transmission path upstream of the heater (5) through a switching valve (4) and a downstream end connected to a downstream section (6) of the main gas transmission path downstream of the heater (5).
6. The energy-saving filter press according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the heater (5) is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
7. The energy-saving filter press according to claim 4, characterized in that each plate body of the membrane plate (9) and each plate body of the filter plate (10) of the filter press body (1) are respectively of a metal structure.
8. The energy-saving filter press according to claim 4 or 7, wherein each filter chamber of the filter press body (1) is provided with a filter cloth (11); the filter press comprises a filter press body (1), wherein each plate frame on a rack of the filter press body (1) is provided with at least one feeding channel, at least one filtrate channel, at least one extrusion channel and at least one gas drying channel, the feeding channel is communicated with each filter cavity through corresponding cloth pore channels, the filtrate channel is communicated with each filter cavity through corresponding liquid guide pore channels, the extrusion channel is communicated with each pressure cavity through corresponding liquid guide pore channels, the upstream end of the gas drying channel is communicated with a gas transmission channel on a compressed air system (2) and is communicated with each filter cavity through corresponding gas guide pore channels, and the gas drying channel can introduce compressed air into each filter cavity in the pressing and filtering process of the filter press body (1).
9. The filter press according to claim 8, wherein the filtrate channels are at least two independent channels, and one of the filtrate channels doubles as a gas drying channel.
10. The energy-saving filter press according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of bulges (22) are formed on the extrusion working surface of the flexible diaphragm (21) of the diaphragm plate (9) of the filter press body (1), and drainage slots are formed between the adjacent bulges (22); a filter screen (13) capable of forming a liquid drainage channel is arranged in a filter cavity of a filter plate (10) of the filter press body (1); the filter press is characterized in that filter cloth (11) arranged in a filter cavity of the filter press body (1) is of a double-layer structure, slurry is distributed between the two layers of filter cloth (11), the filter cloth on one side corresponds to a matched diaphragm plate (9), and the filter cloth on the other side corresponds to a matched filter plate (10).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011013108.6A CN112044126A (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Energy-saving squeezing and filtering method and filter press |
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| CN202011013108.6A CN112044126A (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Energy-saving squeezing and filtering method and filter press |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113082799A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 宁夏神耀科技有限责任公司 | Dehydration process for carrying out deep extrusion on solid-liquid mixture through pressure transformation and dehydration system thereof |
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2020
- 2020-09-24 CN CN202011013108.6A patent/CN112044126A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113082799A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 宁夏神耀科技有限责任公司 | Dehydration process for carrying out deep extrusion on solid-liquid mixture through pressure transformation and dehydration system thereof |
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