CN112043762B - 一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维与去离子水以1∶30的比例混合均匀后，在微波功率为300～700W，温度为50～90℃的微波萃取条件下处理10～50min，萃取后的混合体系放置在60℃水浴锅，加入0.2～1.0％((原料的质量百分比)的纤维素酶，搅拌2h后，混合体系离心，取上层萃取液调节pH到2左右，加入70％乙醇溶液浸提12h，即可分离得到结合多酚以及可溶性膳食纤维，随后经分离、干燥操作即可分别获得二者的固体样品。本发明提供的方法操作工艺简单、应用范围广泛，而且很大程度提升了柚子皮加工废弃物的综合利用率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物活性成分——可溶性膳食纤维以及多酚提取的技术领域，尤其涉及一种经微波辅助酶法改性柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维得到可溶性膳食纤维以及结合多酚的方法。
背景技术
膳食纤维可分为可溶性膳食纤维与不可溶性膳食纤维，二者功能相近，但是也有不同，不可溶性膳食纤维主要承担着保持消化道的清洁，清除废物垃圾的功能，而可溶性膳食纤维能够稳定糖尿病患者的血糖，减少胆固醇的摄入以及稳定其他慢性疾病的作用而深受人们的重视。
结合多酚因为多与食物基质中的大分子结合在一起，传统溶剂提取法难以将其提取出来，导致大量的活性物质浪费，且有机溶剂提取法效率低，对环境污染大，不利于投入生产使用。
微波处理法可以看作是传统溶剂提取法的辅助改进方法，能够有效改善溶剂浸提法周期长、浸提率低等缺点。微波萃取是通过使溶剂中的分子急速转并且定向排列，在此过程中相互摩擦而生热，同时吸收微波能而产生热量，使得温度急剧上升，导致水分子汽化，其产生的气压可以冲破细胞壁和细胞膜，使得细胞内的成分流出，溶解在提取溶剂里；另一方面，物料中的极性分子因微波作用，高速转动成为激发态，所释放的能量传递给其他分子，加速其热运动，从而缩短了细胞内成分扩散到提取溶剂的时间，提高了提取速率。随着研究的深入，发现微波处理方法具有提取快、产率高、省时、耗能低、溶剂用量少、生产线组成简单、节省投资，且无污染等优点。微波处理之后再辅以酶法，可以进一步释放与纤维素结合的多酚，从而提高酚类物质的浸出。
我国每年柚子产量高达两百万吨，柚子皮约占单个柚子重量的20％，其中柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维占柚子皮的70％，所以柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的来源十分充足，但是其高值化利用还有待发现与研究。柚子皮中丰富的多酚类化合物是其具有抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化，以及可以防止心血管疾病等功效的主要原因，在食品、化妆品、医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但是，对于改性柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维提取可溶性膳食纤维并获得结合多酚的方法鲜有报道。
针对这一情况，本发明将通过微波加酶处理法改性柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维从而获得可溶性膳食纤维以及结合多酚，以实现柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的新利用和为结合多酚的功能开发提供原料。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足与难题，本发明旨在提供一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：
一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维改性的方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)微波处理：在柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维中加入一定量去离子水配制成悬浮液后，放进微波萃取仪，微波功率为300～700W，温度为50～90℃，保持10～50min；
(2)加酶处理改性：将步骤(1)处理后的混合体系放入恒温水浴锅，加入质量比为0.2％～1.0％的纤维素酶，保持2h；
(3)调pH与浸提：将步骤(2)处理后的混合体系调节pH至2，加入一定量乙醇浸提12h后，体系会分为三层，其中上层澄清有机相溶解了结合多酚，中层絮凝状的为可溶性膳食纤维，下层为残渣；
(4)分层处理：上层有机相吸出后进行真空浓缩、冷冻干燥后得到结合多酚；剩下部分加入2倍体积的去离子水溶解絮凝状，随后进行离心，收集上层水相，经真空浓缩以及冷冻干燥后即可得到可溶性膳食纤维。
进一步地，步骤(1)中，柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维与去离子水的料水比为1:30。
进一步地，步骤(1)中，微波萃取仪的优选操作条件为：微波功率为600W、温度为80℃、保持时间40min。
进一步地，步骤(2)中恒温水浴锅的温度优选60℃。
进一步地，步骤(2)中纤维素酶的加入量优选0.8％
进一步地，步骤(3)中用乙醇浓度为70％，乙醇加入量为步骤(3)中混合体系的体积的2倍。
进一步地，步骤(3)中离心分离的转速为4800r/min，离心时间为10min。
与现有技术相比，本发明有益效果包括：
本发明是通过改性柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维获得可溶性膳食纤维的同时，提取结合多酚，该方法操作工艺简单、应用范围广泛，而且很大程度提升了柚子皮加工废弃物的综合利用率，并且有机溶剂使用少，对环境的污染小。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明作进一步地说明。
实施例1
柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维中加入去离子水(料水比为1:30)配制成悬浮液后，放进微波萃取仪，微波功率为600W，温度为80℃，保持40min后取出混合体系，放入恒温水浴锅，温度为60℃，加入0.8％(原料质量的百分比)的纤维素酶，保持2h，取出混合体系，调节pH至2左右，加入2倍体积量的70％乙醇浸提12h后，体系会分为三层，上层澄清有机相溶解了结合多酚，中层絮凝状的为可溶性膳食纤维，下层为残渣。
上层有机相吸出后进行真空浓缩、冷冻干燥后得到结合多酚，得率为0.32％。
剩下部分加入2倍体积的去离子水溶解絮凝状，随后进行离心，在4800r/min转速下离心10min，收集上层水相，经真空浓缩以及冷冻干燥后即可得到可溶性膳食纤维，可溶性膳食纤维得率为9.38％。
实施例2
柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维中加入去离子水(料水比为1:30)配制成悬浮液后，放进微波萃取仪，微波功率为300W，温度为90℃，保持50min后取出混合体系，放入恒温水浴锅，温度为60℃，加入0.2％(原料质量的百分比)的纤维素酶，保持2h，取出混合体系，调节pH至2左右，加入2倍体积量的70％乙醇浸提12h后，体系会分为三层，上层澄清有机相溶解了结合多酚，中层絮凝状的为可溶性膳食纤维，下层为残渣。
上层有机相吸出后进行真空浓缩、冷冻干燥后得到结合多酚，得率为0.26％。
剩下部分加入2倍体积的去离子水溶解絮凝状，随后进行离心，在4800r/min转速下离心10min，收集上层水相，经真空浓缩以及冷冻干燥后即可得到可溶性膳食纤维，其得率为8.73％。
实施例3
柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维中加入去离子水(料水比为1:30)配制成悬浮液后，放进微波萃取仪，微波功率为700W，温度为50℃，保持10min后取出混合体系，放入恒温水浴锅，温度为60℃，加入1.0％(原料质量的百分比)的纤维素酶，保持2h，取出混合体系，调节pH至2左右，加入2倍体积量的70％乙醇浸提12h后，体系会分为三层，上层澄清有机相溶解了结合多酚，中层絮凝状的为可溶性膳食纤维，下层为残渣。
上层有机相吸出后进行真空浓缩、冷冻干燥后得到结合多酚0.22％。
剩下部分加入2倍体积的去离子水溶解絮凝状，随后进行离心，在4800r/min转速下离心10min，收集上层水相，经真空浓缩以及冷冻干燥后即可得到可溶性膳食纤维，其得率为7.98％。
以上所述仅表达了本发明的优选实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形、改进及替代，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，其特征在于，对柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维进行微波处理以及加酶处理改性后，调节pH、浸提、分离、干燥分别得到可溶性膳食纤维和结合多酚；具体包括如下步骤：
(1)微波处理：在柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维中加入一定量去离子水配制成悬浮液后，放进微波萃取仪，微波功率为300～700W，温度为50～90℃，保持10～50min；
(2)加酶处理改性：将步骤(1)处理后的混合体系放入恒温水浴锅，加入相当于原料质量比为0.2％～1.0％的纤维素酶，保持2h；
(3)调pH与浸提：将步骤(2)处理后的混合体系调节pH至2，加入一定量乙醇浸提12h后，体系会分为三层，其中上层澄清有机相溶解了结合多酚，中层絮凝状的为可溶性膳食纤维，下层为残渣；
(4)分层处理：上层有机相吸出后进行真空浓缩、冷冻干燥后得到结合多酚；剩下部分加入2倍体积的去离子水溶解絮凝状，随后进行离心，收集上层水相，经真空浓缩以及冷冻干燥后即可得到可溶性膳食纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，所述柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维与所述去离子水的料水比为1:30。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，所述微波萃取仪的操作条件为：微波功率为600W、温度为80℃、保持时间为40min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中恒温水浴锅的温度为60℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中纤维素酶的加入量为0.8％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中用乙醇浓度为70％，乙醇加入量为步骤(3)中混合体系的体积的2倍。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种柚子皮不溶性膳食纤维的改性及结合多酚的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中离心分离的转速为4800r/min，离心时间为10min。
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