CN112042846A - 一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及纯天然植物沙棘固体饮料技术领域，尤其涉及一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料及其制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下重量份的原料：沙棘果粉2550‑2750份、麦芽糊精1550‑1650份、青木瓜粉200‑500份、大豆肽粉300‑400份、山楂粉200‑400份、酵母β‑葡聚糖210‑300份、蓝莓多酚2‑8份、魔芋粉210‑290份、叶黄素酯微囊粉130‑170份、藜麦粉50‑150份、罗汉果粉32‑28份、维生素C11‑14份、木糖醇5‑35份、三氯蔗糖3‑5份。制备方法：S1，从蓝莓鲜果中提取蓝莓多酚；S2，将其他各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，备用；S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将第一混合物料与三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；S4，将第二混合物料与剩余原料混合均匀。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纯天然植物沙棘固体饮料技术领域，尤其涉及一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
免疫力是人体自身的防御机制，是人体识别和消灭外来侵入的任何异物(病毒、细菌等)，处理衰老、损伤、死亡、变性的自身细胞，以及识别和处理体内突变细胞和病毒感染细胞的能力，是人体识别和排除“异己”的生理反应。免疫力的下降让亚健康越来越严重的人们非常烦恼，而且虽然说往往没有很严重的疾病，却随时面临着会有较大疾病产生的危险，身体总是处于疲劳的亚健康状态，容易导致我们健康受阻。而服用沙棘就很不错，在沙棘的功效中，有一点就可以帮助提高人体免疫力，对于病毒和细菌的抵抗能力更强，延缓身体的衰老速度，是可以有效预防疾病产生的，并且在抑制肿瘤上起到很好的作用。因为沙棘中含有多种营养成分，人体所需的全部维生素群，其中原花青素(OPC)、α-亚麻酸在抗氧化清除自由基，提高免疫力方面有着重要作用。从中医层面上讲，沙棘培元固本，补元气效果极佳。
沙棘果粉中含有天然维生素C、蛋白质和氨基酸、维生素E、维生素K、沙棘多糖、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、沙棘黄酮、维生素P、类胡萝卜素、植物甾醇、磷脂、不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸、碳水化合物和微量元素。沙棘中富含维生素A、B1、B2、C、D、E及叶酸、黄酮等,其Vc含量远远高于被称为“Vc王”的鲜枣和“Vc之王”的猕猴桃,从而被誉为“天然维生素宝库。
沙棘的维生素C含量丰富，能抗疲劳，对造血系统有促进作用，还能保护消化道、清除自由基、改善血管系统的功能，增强免疫功能。帮助预防小病。沙棘具有很高的药用价值，可降低胆固醇，缓解心绞痛发作，还有防治冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的作用；有祛痰、止咳、平喘和治疗慢性气管炎的作用；能治疗胃和十二指肠溃疡以及消化不良等，对慢性浅表性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、结肠炎等病症疗效显著；对烧伤、烫伤、刀伤、冻伤有很好的治疗作用；对妇女宫颈糜烂有良好的治疗效果。沙棘果粉还可以保护我们的肝脏，防止肝硬化，防治心脑血管疾病，预防肿瘤和癌症。沙棘果粉可以防治动脉粥样硬化的形成。沙棘果粉还可以降低低密度的脂蛋白，升高高密度的脂蛋白；清洗我们血管壁内的沉积物，促进新陈代谢。
《中药大辞典》中所记载的沙棘果的药性是：性温，味酸涩，入肺、胃、大肠、小肠经，且具有活血散瘀、化痰宽胸、补脾健胃、生津止渴、清热止泻等功效。这对于各种病毒引起的身体不适都是比较对症的。一般中医药抗病毒很少伤害人体组织细胞，毒副作用较小。
免疫增强药(immunopotentiating agents)主要用于增强机体的抗肿瘤、抗感染能力，纠正免疫缺陷。该类药物能激活一种或多种免疫活性细胞，增强机体的非特异性和特异性免疫功能，使低下的免疫功能恢复正常，或起佐剂作用增强合用抗原的免疫原性，加速诱导免疫应答反应；或代替体内缺乏的免疫活性成分，发挥免疫替代作用；或对机体的免疫功能产生双向调节作用，使过高或过低的免疫功能趋于正常。临床主要用于免疫缺陷性疾病、恶性肿瘤以及难治性细菌或病毒感染。
目前临床常用的免疫增强药有化学合成药物左旋咪唑、异丙肌苷等，人或动物免疫产物胸腺素、转移因子、干扰素、白介素等，微生物来源的卡介苗及其他来源的生物多糖、中药有效成分等。这些药物调节免疫功能的作用机制有:①增强巨噬细胞和自然杀伤细胞的活性，提高非特异性免疫功能；②促进T淋巴细胞的分裂、增殖、成熟和分化，增强细胞免疫功能；③提高体液免疫功能；④诱导产生干扰素和某些细胞因子，激活免疫细胞发挥作用。
目前市面上用于增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的多为西药，这类药物大多数口感差、价格昂贵，长期使用存在不良反应。比如左旋咪唑可引起恶心、呕吐、腹痛等胃肠道反应；卡介苗不良反应较多，可出现注射局部皮肤红肿、硬结及溃疡，偶见过敏性休克，甚至死亡。干扰素可引起流感样症状，部分患者还可出现骨髓抑制、心律失常、精神错乱、幻觉等症状。还会使服药者在生理上与心理上对其产生严重的依赖性，不宜长期服用。
现有中药制剂也可对所述症状进行治疗，但具有服用量大，起效慢，效价不高等问题。还有一些中药制剂疗效确切，具良好经济效益，但如不慎过量服用将会引起不良反应。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料及其制备方法，该沙棘固体饮料不但长效支持和激活人体免疫细胞，增强人体免疫力，有效预防和抑制现代高发的肿瘤，健康人群服用强身健体延年益寿，同时口感美味纯正，天然营养，适合长期服用。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
所述一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，包括以下重量份的原料：沙棘果粉2550-2750份、麦芽糊精1550-1650份、青木瓜粉200-500份、大豆肽粉300-400份、山楂粉200-400份、酵母β-葡聚糖210-300份、蓝莓多酚2-8份、魔芋粉210-290份、叶黄素酯微囊粉130-170份、藜麦粉50-150份、罗汉果粉32-38份、维生素C11-14份、木糖醇5-35份、三氯蔗糖3-5份。
优选地，包括以下重量份的原料：沙棘果粉2600-2700份、麦芽糊精1570-1630份、青木瓜粉320-400份、大豆肽粉320-380份、山楂粉220-360份、酵母β-葡聚糖230-280份、蓝莓多酚4-6份、魔芋粉220-280份、叶黄素酯微囊粉140-160份、藜麦粉80-120份、罗汉果粉34-36份、维生素C11.8-13.2份、木糖醇12-30份、三氯蔗糖3.2-4.8份。
优选地，包括以下重量份的原料：沙棘果粉2650份、麦芽糊精1600份、青木瓜粉360份、大豆肽粉340份、山楂粉300份、酵母β-葡聚糖250份、蓝莓多酚5份、魔芋粉250份、叶黄素酯微囊粉150份、藜麦粉100份、罗汉果粉35份、维生素C12.4份、木糖醇21份、三氯蔗糖4份。
一种制备任一项所述增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将新鲜的蓝莓洗净烘干，研磨成粉状；加入乙醇水溶液，超声提取、过滤，离心取上层液，减压浓缩，树脂柱层析纯化得到蓝莓多酚提取物，烘干备用；
S2，将各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，得沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉以备用；
S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将所述第一混合物料与所述三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；
S4，将所述第二混合物料与所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉混合均匀后即得所述沙棘固体饮料脂。
优选地，将蓝莓粉碎后，选择提取液乙醇溶液浓度为65％，料液比为1∶35，超声时间为15-20min，超声温度为35℃；离心时间为15-20min，上样溶液浓度为2.5-3mg/mL，酸化后pH为2-3，选择HPD400大孔树脂为填料、径高比为1∶8-1∶10；以3-4BV/h的吸附速率将蓝莓叶多酚吸附在大孔树脂柱上，上样量为2-2.5BV，将吸附好的树脂先用4-6BV的去离子水以1-2BV/h的流速洗净树脂，再用2-3BV40-60％浓度乙醇溶液进行洗脱，洗脱流速为0.5-1BV/h。
优选地，步骤S2中所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉的颗粒粒度均不大于178μm。
优选地，步骤S3中所述混合的时间为34-39min，所述混合搅拌的时间为22-27min。
优选地，步骤S4中所述混合均匀的时间为80-110min。
沙棘(拉丁学名：Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.)是一种落叶性灌木，其特性是耐旱、抗风沙，可以在盐碱化土地上生存，因此被广泛用于水土保持。中国西北部大量种植沙棘，用于沙漠绿化。沙棘是一种含有多种维生素、多种微量元素、多种氨基酸和其它生物活性物质的药用食物。沙棘果实中维生素C含量高，素有维生素C之王的美称。沙棘是植物和其果实的统称。植物沙棘为胡颓子科沙棘属，是一种落叶性灌木。国内分布于华北、西北、西南等地。沙棘为药食同源植物。沙棘的根、茎、叶、花、果，特别是沙棘果实含有丰富的营养物质和生物活性物质，可以广泛应用于食品、医药、轻工、航天、农牧鱼业等国民经济的许多领域。沙棘果实入药具有止咳化痰、健胃消食、活血散瘀之功效。现代医学研究，沙棘果粉可以保护我们的肝脏，防止肝硬化，防治心脑血管疾病，预防肿瘤和癌症；还可以清洗我们血管壁内的沉积物，促进新陈代谢，提高人体的免疫力，疏通血管，打通微循环。
麦芽糊精也称水溶性糊精或酶法糊精。我国各地生产的麦芽糊精系列产品，均以玉米，大米等为直接原料，酶法工艺生产的。麦芽糊精是白色粉末或颗粒，微吸水，无甜味或略有甜味，有营养价值；易溶于水或易分散于水中，也可是澄清至浑浊的水溶液。麦芽糊精具有增稠性强,载体性好,发酵性小,填充效果好,不吸潮、无异味、易消化、低热、低甜度等特点。麦芽糊精含有大量的多糖类,另外还含有钙、铁等对人体有益的微量元素及矿物质,并能促进人体正常的物质代谢。被广泛应用于饮料、冷冻食品、糖果、麦片、乳制品、保健品等行业,还可应用于纺织、日化、医药生产中。
青木瓜粉内含丰富的木瓜酵素、木瓜蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶、胡萝卜素等；并含十七种以上氨基酸及多种营养元素；是一种营养丰富、有百益而无一害。世界公认丰胸佳品。青木瓜粉，采用号称“百益果王、果中珍品”的广西特产——青木瓜，真空低温脱水、冷冻干燥研磨而成，使木瓜中13种珍贵营养成分保留达98％以上。青木瓜粉中含有木瓜蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶不但可以分解脂肪，还可以分解蛋白质和糖分；木瓜中富含木瓜蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶能分解皮肤中的黑色素和除去老化的角质层，阻止黑色素的形成，让皮肤中的黑点、斑点消退，重现嫩白肌肤；木瓜蛋白酶还能帮助溶解毛孔中堆积的皮脂及促进老化角质的分解，从而有效除去黑头收细毛孔，重现水嫩嫩的肌肤。青木瓜中维生素C的含量是苹果的48倍之多，维生素C良好的抗氧化能力能延缓肌肤衰老，提高细胞活力。
山楂，核果类水果，核质硬，果肉薄，味微酸涩。果可生吃或作果脯果糕，干制后可入药，是中国特有的药果兼用树种，具有降血脂、血压、强心、抗心律不齐等作用，同时也是健脾开胃、消食化滞、活血化痰的良药，对胸膈脾满、疝气、血淤、闭经等症有很好的疗效。山楂内的黄酮类化合物牡荆素，是一种抗癌作用较强的药物，其提取物对抑制体内癌细胞生长、增殖和浸润转移均有一定的作用。山楂黄酮可显著降低实验性高血脂动物的血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(I。DI。一C)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)的浓度，显著升高高密度脂蛋白一胆固醇(HDL_C)和载脂蛋白A，(ApoA)浓度，但对甘油三酯(TG)影响不大。山楂降血脂作用是通过抑制肝脏胆固醇的合成，促进肝脏对血浆胆固醇的摄人而发挥降血脂作用。山楂黄酮还可降低动脉粥样硬化(AS)发生的危险性，起到预防AS发生发展的作用。
蓝莓，果实中含有丰富的营养成分，尤其富含花青素，它不仅具有良好的营养保健作用，还具有防止脑神经老化、强心、抗癌、软化血管、增强人体免疫等功能。研究表明，蓝莓提取物蓝莓多酚具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种活性，经研究，蓝莓多酚的分子结构中具有活泼的羟基氢，能终止自由基的连锁反应，捕获过量的自由基，因此是一类理想的天然抗氧化剂。
魔芋，主要成份是葡甘聚糖，它不只含有人体所需的超过10种氨基酸和多种微量元素，也具有低蛋白质、低脂肪高纤维、吸水性好、膨胀率高等特性，药用功效具有降血脂、降血糖、降血压、减肥、美容、保健、通便及等更多的效果。魔芋特有的束水凝胶纤维，能促使肠道内重金属元素及食物毒性物质迅速排除，减少有害物质与肠壁的接触时间，阻止肠道对这些物质的吸收，清除胃、肠、胆囊中的滞留物，有效降低结肠、直肠中有害细菌感染的概率，是理想的防癌保健食品。
藜麦，其营养价值超过任何一种传统的粮食作物，藜麦是一种全谷全营养完全蛋白碱性食物，藜麦作为一种藜科植物其蛋白质含量与牛肉相当，其品质也不亚于肉源蛋白与奶源蛋白。藜麦所含氨基酸种类丰富，除了人类必须的9种必须氨基酸，还含有许多非必须氨基酸，特别是富集多数作物没有的赖氨酸，并且含有种类丰富且含量较高的矿物元素，以及多种人体正常代谢所需要的维生素，不含胆固醇与麸质，糖含量、脂肪含量与热量都属于较低水平。研究表明，藜麦富含的维生素、多酚、类黄酮类、皂苷和植物甾醇类物质具有多种健康功效。藜麦具有高蛋白，其所含脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸占83％，还是一种低果糖低葡萄糖的食物，能在糖脂代谢过程中发挥有益功效。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明的沙棘固体饮料用于增强免疫、抑制肿瘤，本发明的药理为：首先，本申请组方中的沙棘果粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、蓝莓粉均具有增强免疫力、抑制肿瘤的功效；其次，添加了维生素C，对增强免疫力的效果更加显著；罗汉果粉清咽、缓解支气管咽喉炎；配合蓝莓粉、藜麦粉等珍贵营养成分，能有效的防止产品的抗药性，增强免疫功能；搭配魔芋粉、麦芽糊精、柠檬酸、木糖醇、三氯蔗糖，本方不但能能提升机体免疫和修复能力、还对抑制肿瘤有着显著的疗效。
本发明所得到是粉剂冲饮产品，口感美味纯正，天然营养，适合长期服用，其制备方法简单，在制备过程中采用等量递增的方法进行混匀，具体操作方法是：取小量的组分和等量的量大的组分，同时置于混合机械中混合均匀，再加入同混合物等量的量大的组分混合均匀，如此倍量增加直至加完全部量大的组分为止。本发明采用等量递增法进行混合可以使得本发明配方中比例相差悬殊的各成分混合的更均匀且节省混合时间。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好的理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细说明。
实施例1
一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2550份、麦芽糊精1550份、青木瓜粉200份、大豆肽粉300份、山楂粉200份、酵母β-葡聚糖210份、蓝莓多酚2份、魔芋粉210份、叶黄素酯微囊粉130份、藜麦粉50份、罗汉果粉32份、维生素C114份、木糖醇5份、三氯蔗糖3份。
如图1所示，一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将新鲜蓝莓洗净烘干，然后将蓝莓粉碎后，选择提取液乙醇溶液浓度为65％，料液比为1∶35，超声时间为15-20min，超声温度为35℃对蓝莓粉末进行溶解提取；接着进行过滤，离心时间为15-20min，取上样溶液稀释使其浓度为2.5-3mg/mL，进行酸化，使得pH为2-3，选择HPD400大孔树脂为填料、径高比为1∶8-1∶10；以3-4BV/h的吸附速率将蓝莓叶多酚吸附在大孔树脂柱上，上样量为2-2.5BV，将吸附好的树脂先用4-6BV的去离子水以1-2BV/h的流速洗净树脂，再用2-3BV40-60％浓度乙醇溶液进行洗脱，洗脱流速为0.5-1BV/h，得到蓝莓多酚提取物，烘干备用；
S2，将各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，得沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉以备用；
S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将所述第一混合物料与所述三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；
S4，将所述第二混合物料与所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉混合均匀后即得所述沙棘固体饮料脂。
实施例2
一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2600份、麦芽糊精1570份、青木瓜粉320份、大豆肽粉320份、山楂粉220份、酵母β-葡聚糖230份、蓝莓多酚4份、魔芋粉220份、叶黄素酯微囊粉140份、藜麦粉80份、罗汉果粉34份、维生素C11.8份、木糖醇12份、三氯蔗糖3.2份。
如图1所示，一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将新鲜蓝莓洗净烘干，然后将蓝莓粉碎后，选择提取液乙醇溶液浓度为65％，料液比为1∶35，超声时间为15-20min，超声温度为35℃对蓝莓粉末进行溶解提取；接着进行过滤，离心时间为15-20min，取上样溶液稀释使其浓度为2.5-3mg/mL，进行酸化，使得pH为2-3，选择HPD400大孔树脂为填料、径高比为1∶8-1∶10；以3-4BV/h的吸附速率将蓝莓叶多酚吸附在大孔树脂柱上，上样量为2-2.5BV，将吸附好的树脂先用4-6BV的去离子水以1-2BV/h的流速洗净树脂，再用2-3BV40-60％浓度乙醇溶液进行洗脱，洗脱流速为0.5-1BV/h，得到蓝莓多酚提取物，烘干备用；
S2，将各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，得沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉以备用；
S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将所述第一混合物料与所述三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；
S4，将所述第二混合物料与所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉混合均匀后即得所述沙棘固体饮料脂。
实施例3
一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2650份、麦芽糊精1600份、青木瓜粉360份、大豆肽粉350份、山楂粉245份、酵母β-葡聚糖260份、蓝莓多酚5份、魔芋粉250份、叶黄素酯微囊粉150份、藜麦粉100份、罗汉果粉35份、维生素C12.5份、木糖醇21份、三氯蔗糖4份。
如图1所示，一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将新鲜蓝莓洗净烘干，然后将蓝莓粉碎后，选择提取液乙醇溶液浓度为65％，料液比为1∶35，超声时间为15-20min，超声温度为35℃对蓝莓粉末进行溶解提取；接着进行过滤，离心时间为15-20min，取上样溶液稀释使其浓度为2.5-3mg/mL，进行酸化，使得pH为2-3，选择HPD400大孔树脂为填料、径高比为1∶8-1∶10；以3-4BV/h的吸附速率将蓝莓叶多酚吸附在大孔树脂柱上，上样量为2-2.5BV，将吸附好的树脂先用4-6BV的去离子水以1-2BV/h的流速洗净树脂，再用2-3BV40-60％浓度乙醇溶液进行洗脱，洗脱流速为0.5-1BV/h，得到蓝莓多酚提取物，烘干备用；
S2，将各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，得沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉以备用；
S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将所述第一混合物料与所述三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；
S4，将所述第二混合物料与所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉混合均匀后即得所述沙棘固体饮料脂。
实施例4
一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2700份、麦芽糊精1630份、青木瓜粉400份、大豆肽粉380份、山楂粉360份、酵母β-葡聚糖280份、蓝莓多酚6份、魔芋粉280份、叶黄素酯微囊粉160份、藜麦粉120份、罗汉果粉36份、维生素C13.2份、木糖醇30份、三氯蔗糖4.8份。
如图1所示，一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将新鲜蓝莓洗净烘干，然后将蓝莓粉碎后，选择提取液乙醇溶液浓度为65％，料液比为1∶35，超声时间为15-20min，超声温度为35℃对蓝莓粉末进行溶解提取；接着进行过滤，离心时间为15-20min，取上样溶液稀释使其浓度为2.5-3mg/mL，进行酸化，使得pH为2-3，选择HPD400大孔树脂为填料、径高比为1∶8-1∶10；以3-4BV/h的吸附速率将蓝莓叶多酚吸附在大孔树脂柱上，上样量为2-2.5BV，将吸附好的树脂先用4-6BV的去离子水以1-2BV/h的流速洗净树脂，再用2-3BV40-60％浓度乙醇溶液进行洗脱，洗脱流速为0.5-1BV/h，得到蓝莓多酚提取物，烘干备用；
S2，将各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，得沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉以备用；
S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将所述第一混合物料与所述三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；
S4，将所述第二混合物料与所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉混合均匀后即得所述沙棘固体饮料脂。
实施例5
一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2750份、麦芽糊精1650份、青木瓜粉500份、大豆肽粉400份、山楂粉400份、酵母β-葡聚糖300份、蓝莓多酚8份、魔芋粉290份、叶黄素酯微囊粉170份、藜麦粉150份、罗汉果粉38份、维生素C14份、木糖醇35份、三氯蔗糖5份。
如图1所示，一种增强免疫、抑制肿瘤沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将新鲜蓝莓洗净烘干，然后将蓝莓粉碎后，选择提取液乙醇溶液浓度为65％，料液比为1∶35，超声时间为15-20min，超声温度为35℃对蓝莓粉末进行溶解提取；接着进行过滤，离心时间为15-20min，取上样溶液稀释使其浓度为2.5-3mg/mL，进行酸化，使得pH为2-3，选择HPD400大孔树脂为填料、径高比为1∶8-1∶10；以3-4BV/h的吸附速率将蓝莓叶多酚吸附在大孔树脂柱上，上样量为2-2.5BV，将吸附好的树脂先用4-6BV的去离子水以1-2BV/h的流速洗净树脂，再用2-3BV40-60％浓度乙醇溶液进行洗脱，洗脱流速为0.5-1BV/h，得到蓝莓多酚提取物，烘干备用；
S2，将各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，得沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉以备用；
S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将所述第一混合物料与所述三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；
S4，将所述第二混合物料与所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉混合均匀后即得所述沙棘固体饮料脂。
动物实验
1、材料与方法
1.1、动物：
选取雌性昆明种小鼠，每只小鼠的体质量均为(18-22)g。
1.2、药物：
分别称取6g本发明实施例1-5所得到的沙棘固体饮料，用200mL的纯化水溶解稀释，得到的溶液备用，以下简称本品；
1.3、分组
实施例1-5分为4个实验组，每实验组包括阴性对照组和溶剂对照组、实施例1溶液、实施例2溶液、实施例3溶液、实施例4溶液、实施例5溶液，各实验组组实验动物数为10只。免疫实验一组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验；免疫实验二组进行淋巴器官/体重比值测定和碳廓清实验；免疫实验三组进行血清溶血素的测定和抗体生成细胞检测。小鼠连续灌胃30d后开始试验，各实验组均按10ml/10gBW容量经口灌胃给予，阴性对照组给予蒸馏水，溶剂对照组给予大豆油。
1.4、试验方法
1.4.1、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验
方法：半体内法。制备20％的鸡红细胞悬液；每只鼠腹腔注射1mL该悬液，30min后处死动物，将其仰位固定于鼠板上，开腹，经腹腔注入生理盐水2mL，转动鼠板1min，然后，吸出腹腔洗液1mL，平均分滴于2片载玻片上，37℃温育30min；育毕用生理盐水漂洗，晾干，以1:1的丙酮甲醇溶液固定，4％Giemsa－磷酸缓冲液染色3min，再用蒸馏水漂洗晾干。显微镜下计数100个巨噬细胞，按下式计算吞噬率和吞噬指数：
吞噬率(％)＝吞噬鸡红细胞的巨噬细胞数/计数的巨噬细胞数×100
吞噬指数＝被吞噬的鸡红细胞总数/计数的巨噬细胞数
1.4.2、小鼠碳廓清试验
方法：按体重从小鼠尾静脉注入稀释的印度墨汁(10mL/kg)，待墨汁注入，立即计时。注入墨汁后2、10min，分别从内眦静脉丛取血20μL，并立即将其加到2mL 0.1％Na 2CO 3溶液中。各吸0.1mL于96孔酶标板中，用酶标仪在600nm波长处测光密度值(OD)，以Na 2CO 3溶液作阴性对照。将小鼠处死。取肝脏和脾脏，用滤纸吸干脏器表面血污，分别称重。以吞噬指数表示小鼠碳廓清的能力。按下式计算吞噬指数a。受试样品组的吞噬指数显著高于对照组，可判定该项实验结果阳性。
K＝(LgOD1－lgOD 2)/(t2－t1)
吞噬指数a＝体重/(肝重+脾重)×K1/3
1.4.3、血清溶血素的测定
方法：血凝法。取羊血，用生理盐水洗涤3次，每次离心(2000r/min)10min。将压积SRBC用生理盐水配成2％(v/v)的细胞悬液，每只鼠腹腔注射0.2mL进行免疫。4～5d后，摘除眼球取血于离心管内，放置约1h，将凝固血
与管壁剥离，使血清充分析出，2000r/min离心10min，收集血清。凝集反应：用生理盐水将血清倍比稀释，将不同稀释度的血清分别置于微量血凝实验板内，
每孔100μL，再加入100μL0.5％(v/v)SRBC悬液，混匀，装入湿润的平盘内并加盖，于37℃温箱孵育3h，观察血球凝集程度。根据血清凝聚程度的级别计算出抗体积数。
1.4.4、抗体生成细胞检测
取脱纤维的羊血，用生理盐水洗涤3次，每次离心(2000r/min)10min，每只鼠经腹腔注射2％(v/v)SRBC 0.2mL。将SRBC免疫4～5d后的小鼠颈椎脱臼处死，取出脾脏，放在盛有Hank’s液的小平皿内，轻轻磨碎脾脏，制成细胞悬液，经200目筛网过滤，离心(1000/min)10min，用Hank’s液洗2遍，最后将细胞悬浮在5mL RPMI1640培养液中，计数细胞，并将细胞浓度调整为5×106个/mL。
空斑的测定：将表层培养基(1g琼脂糖加双蒸水至100mL)加热溶解后，放45～50℃水浴保温，与等量pH 7.2～7.4、2倍浓度的Hank’s液混合，分装小试管，每管0.5mL，再向管内加50μL10％SRBC(v/v，用SA缓冲液配制)，20μL脾细胞悬液(5×106个/mL)，迅速混匀，倾倒于己刷琼脂糖薄层的玻片上，做平行片，待琼脂凝固后，将玻片水平扣放在片架上，放入二氧化碳培养箱中孵育1.5h，然后用SA缓冲液稀释的补体(1:8)加人玻片架凹槽内，继续温育1.5h后，计数溶血空斑数。
2、结果
2.1本品对小鼠体重的影响
表1各实验组小鼠试验前后体重与溶剂对照组、阴性对照组比较，差异无显著性，表明沙棘固体饮料对小鼠体重无明显影响。
表1实验组试验前后动物体重记录(x)
| 组别 | 服用量(g) | 动物只数 | 初始体重 | 服用后体重 |
| 阴性对照组 | 0 | 10 | 19.2 | 33.1 |
| 溶剂对照组 | 0 | 10 | 19.2 | 33.2 |
| 实施例1 | 6 | 10 | 19.3 | 33.2 |
| 实施例2 | 6 | 10 | 19.4 | 33.3 |
| 实施例3 | 6 | 10 | 19.3 | 33.1 |
| 实施例4 | 6 | 10 | 19.6 | 33.5 |
| 实施例5 | 6 | 10 | 19.7 | 33.6 |
2.2、沙棘固体饮料对动物淋巴器官/体重比值的影响
表2各组动物间胸腺/体重比值和脾脏/体重比值与溶剂对照组、阴性对照组比较，差异均无显著性(p＞0.05)。
表2对动物淋巴器官/体重比值的影响(x)
注：(溶剂)表示对溶剂对照组比较，(阴性)表示对阴性对照组比较。
2.3、沙棘固体饮料对碳廓清功能的影响
从表3可见，与溶剂对照组、阴性对照组比较，沙棘固体饮料高剂量组显著性提高小鼠碳廓清吞噬指数(P＜0.05、P＜0.05)。
表3对小鼠碳廓清功能的影响(x)
注：(溶剂)表示对溶剂对照组比较，(阴性)表示对阴性对照组比较。
2.4、沙棘固体饮料对腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能的影响
从表4可见，与溶剂对照组、阴性对照组比较，沙棘固体饮料高剂量组明显提高吞噬率和吞噬指数(P＜0.05，P＜0.05)。
表4对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响(x)
注：(溶剂)表示对溶剂对照组比较，(阴性)表示对阴性对照组比较。
2.5、沙棘固体饮料对小鼠血清溶血素滴度水平的影响
从表5可见，与溶剂对照组、阴性对照组比较，沙棘固体饮料高剂量组可显著性升高血清溶血素含量(P＜0.05、P＜0.05)。
表5对小鼠溶血素滴度水平的影响(x)
注：(溶剂)表示对溶剂对照组比较，(阴性)表示对阴性对照组比较。
2.6、沙棘固体饮料对抗体生成细胞功能的影响
从表6可见，与溶剂对照组、阴性对照组比较，沙棘固体饮料高剂量组能明显增强抗体生成细胞能力(P＜0.01、P＜0.05)。
表8对抗体生成细胞功能的影响(x)
注：(溶剂)表示对溶剂对照组比较，(阴性)表示对阴性对照组比较。
3、讨论
(1)沙棘固体饮料能明显升高小鼠血清溶血素含量；
(2)沙棘固体饮料能明显增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能；
(3)沙棘固体饮料能明显增强小鼠碳廓清能力；
(4)沙棘固体饮料能明显增强抗体生成细胞能力；
(5)沙棘固体饮料在提高小鼠免疫力的同时没有负面影响。
临床试验：
1)一般资料：本发明人对100例病例临床观察，其中男47例，女53例；年龄最小18岁，最大60岁；皮肤病42例，肝炎35例，肠胃娇气23例，其他4例(包括气踹、身体无力、恶寒、慢性咽炎、扁桃体炎、感冒反复等)。
2)治疗方法：每人每天服用本品一次，每次6g。
3)疗效评定标准：
治愈：临床症状完全消失，疼痛和不适感完全消失，恢复正常生活。
有效：全部或主要症状明显消除，疼痛和不适感明显消失，但还会出现轻微的症状，只部分恢复正常生活。
无效：症状、体征无明显变化。
4)治疗结果：如表4所示
表4
| 总病例 | 治愈 | 有效 | 无效 | 有效率 |
| 100 | 62 | 34 | 4 | 96％ |
最后需要说明，上述描述仅为本发明的优选实施例，本领域的技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不违背本发明宗旨及权利要求的前提下，可以做出多种类似的表示，这样的变换均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，其特征在于：包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2550-2750份、麦芽糊精1550-1650份、青木瓜粉200-500份、大豆肽粉300-400份、山楂粉200-400份、酵母β-葡聚糖210-300份、蓝莓多酚2-8份、魔芋粉210-290份、叶黄素酯微囊粉130-170份、藜麦粉50-150份、罗汉果粉32-38份、维生素C11-14份、木糖醇5-35份、三氯蔗糖3-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，其特征在于：包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2600-2700份、麦芽糊精1570-1630份、青木瓜粉320-400份、大豆肽粉320-380份、山楂粉220-360份、酵母β-葡聚糖230-280份、蓝莓多酚4-6份、魔芋粉220-280份、叶黄素酯微囊粉140-160份、藜麦粉80-120份、罗汉果粉34-36份、维生素C11.8-13.2份、木糖醇12-30份、三氯蔗糖3.2-4.8份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料，其特征在于：包括以下重量份的原料：
沙棘果粉2650份、麦芽糊精1600份、青木瓜粉360份、大豆肽粉340份、山楂粉300份、酵母β-葡聚糖250份、蓝莓多酚5份、魔芋粉250份、叶黄素酯微囊粉150份、藜麦粉100份、罗汉果粉35份、维生素C12.4份、木糖醇21份、三氯蔗糖4份。
4.一种制备如权利要求1-3中任一项所述增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料的方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将新鲜的蓝莓洗净烘干，研磨成粉状；加入乙醇水溶液，超声提取、过滤，离心取上层液，减压浓缩，树脂柱层析纯化得到蓝莓多酚提取物，烘干备用；
S2，将各原料分别进行磨制和筛分，得沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉以备用；
S3，按上述重量份称取所述罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇进行混合得第一混合物料；将所述第一混合物料与所述三氯蔗糖粉以等量递增的方式进行混合搅拌，得第二混合物料；
S4，将所述第二混合物料与所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉混合均匀后即得所述沙棘固体饮料脂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：将蓝莓粉碎后，选择提取液乙醇溶液浓度为65％，料液比为1∶35，超声时间为15-20min，超声温度为35℃；离心时间为15-20min，上样溶液浓度为2.5-3mg/mL，酸化后pH为2-3，选择HPD400大孔树脂为填料、径高比为1∶8-1∶10；以3-4BV/h的吸附速率将蓝莓叶多酚吸附在大孔树脂柱上，上样量为2-2.5BV，将吸附好的树脂先用4-6BV的去离子水以1-2BV/h的流速洗净树脂，再用2-3BV40-60％浓度乙醇溶液进行洗脱，洗脱流速为0.5-1BV/h。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S2中所述沙棘果粉、麦芽糊精、青木瓜粉、大豆肽粉、山楂粉、酵母β-葡聚糖、蓝莓多酚粉、魔芋粉、叶黄素酯微囊粉、藜麦粉、罗汉果粉、维生素C、木糖醇和三氯蔗糖粉的颗粒粒度均不大于178μm。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述混合的时间为34-39min，所述混合搅拌的时间为22-27min。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种增强免疫抑制肿瘤的沙棘固体饮料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中所述混合均匀的时间为80-110min。
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