CN112042823A - Pig feed prepared from field weeds and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pig feed prepared from field weeds and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a pig feed prepared from field weeds and a preparation method thereof, wherein the pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of field weeds, 10-15 parts of ingredients and 25-35 parts of concentrate; the field weeds comprise the following components in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of Ixeris denticulata, 8-15 parts of alternanthera philoxeroides, 8-15 parts of misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 8-15 parts of clarified grass, 8-15 parts of Stellaria mediae and 8-15 parts of Veronica officinalis. The pig feed disclosed by the invention is rich in raw materials, does not contain any chemical additive, can improve the lean meat percentage and the nutritive value of pork, reduces the breeding cost, and reduces or eliminates the harm of weeds to crops and farmland pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to pig feed prepared from field weeds and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The development of the breeding industry nowadays directly and indirectly provides a plurality of meat products for consumers, and greatly improves and enriches the dining table content of people. The Tibetan pork is delicious in meat quality, rich in nutrition and rich in amino acids and trace elements necessary for human bodies, is a high-protein low-energy food and is widely popular in the market. The Tibetan fragrant pig, also called as 'ginseng pig', belongs to field raising, grows in the area with the altitude of 3000 m to 4000 m, takes natural wild edible plants and fruits as staple food, and is a brand of Tibetan food culture called 'drinking spring water and eating delicacies'.
The nutritive value of the Tibetan fragrant pig is different due to different feeding raw materials, along with the improvement of people on understanding of healthy, safe and green food, people begin to keep away from livestock products fed by additive feed, and choose to recuperate the original ecological life style, therefore, meat food fed by pure grain is favored by people, but the pure grain feeding can increase the breeding cost and reduce the economic benefit of farmers, and according to a large amount of researches, the pure grain cannot well meet the nutritional requirements of livestock due to the fact that the pure grain is not the traditional food of the livestock, and the livestock products fed by the pure grain have poor taste and low nutritive value.
For crops, field weeds are external factors influencing the growth of the crops, compete for nutrients, moisture, sunlight and space with the crops, occupy living space of the crops, and prevent ventilation and light transmission in the field, so that the yield and the quality of the crops are reduced, the occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests can be increased due to the fact that some field weeds are intermediate hosts of diseases and insect pests of the crops, but a plurality of field weeds are common herbal medicines in folks and can also be used for feeding poultry and livestock.
Therefore, the development of the compound premix for the Tibetan pigs is important, the harm of weeds to crops and the pollution to farmlands can be reduced, and the meat quality and the nutritional value of the Tibetan pigs can be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing the pig feed prepared from the field weeds and the preparation method thereof, which can improve the lean meat percentage and the nutritive value of the Tibetan fragrant pigs, reduce the breeding cost, and reduce or eliminate the harm of the weeds to crops and the field pollution.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts a technical solution that:
provides a pig feed prepared from field weeds, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of field weeds, 10-15 parts of ingredients and 25-35 parts of concentrate;
compared with coarse fodder, the concentrated fodder is characterized by that its unit volume or unit weight contains rich nutrients, low crude fibre content and rich digestible nutrients. The concentrated feed mainly comprises the seeds of crops (grains, beans and oil crops) and the byproducts of the processing, and is a common feed component in the field.
The field weeds comprise the following components in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of Ixeris denticulata, 8-15 parts of alternanthera philoxeroides, 8-15 parts of misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 8-15 parts of clarified grass, 8-15 parts of Stellaria mediae and 8-15 parts of Veronica officinalis.
Further, the pig feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of field weeds, 10 parts of ingredients and 30 parts of concentrate;
the field weeds comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 10 parts of Ixeris denticulata, 10 parts of alternanthera philoxeroides, 10 parts of misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 10 parts of veronicastrum herb, 10 parts of chickweed and 10 parts of Veronica officinalis.
The inventor finds that the weeds such as the bovine chickweed, the speedwell, the ixeris sonchifolia, the alligator alternanthera, the loach skewer, the clarified grass and the like contain rich nutrient elements, and not only are traditional folk herbal medicines, but also are good wild feeds.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the ingredients comprise the following components: orange peel, root, stem and leaf of ginger; furthermore, the ratio of the using amount of the orange peels to the using amount of the ginger root, stem and leaf is 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2, and the preferable ratio is 1: 1.
The orange peels, the ginger roots, the stems and the leaves are matched with other components in a specific dosage ratio, so that the immunity of the Tibetan fragrant pig can be enhanced, and the healthy growth is facilitated.
Further, the fine material comprises one or more of corn seeds, soybean oil residue, highland barley, wheat, bran, peas, soybean meal and rapeseed cake meal; further, the concentrate comprises corn seeds and soybean oil residue.
Furthermore, the dosage ratio of the corn seeds to the soybean oil residue is 2: 1.
The corn is rich in carbohydrate, protein, fat, amino acid, vitamin, crude fiber and the like, can provide sufficient substances and energy for the growth and metabolism of the pigs, and is prepared together with other components in the invention, so that the nutrition is more comprehensive and rich, the nutritional value of the Tibetan fragrant pig is fully exerted, and the growth and development of the Tibetan fragrant pig are accelerated.
The soybean oil residue is residue obtained after soybean oil is extracted by squeezing, and protease generated by beneficial bacteria in the soybean oil residue can decompose soybean meal protein into substances such as amino acid, peptides and the like, so that the utilization rate of the soybean meal protein in the feed is improved, and the protein content in the feed is increased.
Meanwhile, the inventor also finds that the field weeds containing the Ixeris denticulata, the alternanthera philoxeroides, the loach skewer, the Qingmingcao, the caraway and the speedwell are matched with the orange peels, the ginger roots, the stems and the leaves, the corn seeds and the soybean oil residues, sufficient substances and energy can be provided for the growth and the metabolism of the pigs under a specific dosage, the nutrition is more comprehensive and rich, and the effects of preventing diseases, enhancing the immunity, enhancing the appetite of the Tibetan fragrant pigs and promoting the growth are achieved.
A preparation method of the pig feed prepared from the field weeds comprises the following steps: (1) taking raw material components; (2) crushing; (3) and (4) mixing.
The order of pulverization and mixing is not limited here, and pulverization may be performed first and then mixing, or mixing and then pulverization may be performed first. The selection of the components for crushing and mixing can be that each component is crushed separately and then mixed, or all the components are mixed and crushed together; or mixing part of the components, crushing the mixture, and mixing the crushed mixture with other crushed components, such as: mixing herba Ixeritis Denticulatae, herba Ecliptae Cordatae, and herba Misgurni Angustifoliae, pulverizing QINGMINGCAO, herba Stellariae mediae, and herba Veronicae Didyma, respectively, mixing pericarpium Citri Junoris, rhizoma Zingiberis recens root, stem and leaf, semen Maydis, and soybean oil residue, pulverizing, and mixing all the components completely.
Furthermore, all the raw material components are dry products.
The dried product can be prepared by drying or baking the field weeds, the ingredients and the concentrated feed before crushing, or drying or baking and then crushing.
Further, the pig feed is mixed with water and then fed; furthermore, the water is used in an amount that enables the pig feed to be held tightly and to be in a state of no water drop.
The invention also provides a pig feeding method, which is characterized in that the pig feed is used for feeding pigs; further, the pig feed is fed in a manner that comprises: feeding pigs with the weight of 100 jin from weaning by 3 times with the feed amount of 0.6-3.0 jin/day; the weight of the feed is 100 jin and the feed is 3.5-4.0 jin/day, and the feed is divided into 2 times.
Further, the time periods of feeding 3 times from weaning to 100 jin of pigs are respectively as follows: 8: 05-9: 00 once, 13: 00-13: 30 once, and 18: 00-18: 30 once; the weight of 100 jin is fed to the slaughtered pigs, and the time periods of 2 times of feeding are respectively as follows: 9:00-10:00 times, 17: 00-18: 00 times.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the pig feed disclosed by the invention adopts field weeds with traditional Chinese medicine effects as a main raw material, and is matched with orange peels, ginger root stems and leaves, corn seeds and soybean oil residues, so that the synergistic effect is realized, and the digestion, the immunity and the growth can be promoted.
(2) The pig feed disclosed by the invention is fed according to a specific proportion, so that the nutritional ingredients of the feed are more comprehensive, scientific and reasonable, the fed Tibetan fragrant pigs are thin in skin, high in lean meat percentage, delicious in meat quality and rich in nutrition, contain rich collagen, protein, amino acid, mineral substances and the like, and have the health-care effects of strengthening heart, improving blood circulation, regulating blood pressure, resisting aging, resisting fatigue and the like after being eaten for a long time.
(3) All raw materials of the pig feed are taken from natural plants, the pig feed is safe, green and healthy, convenient to obtain and simple to prepare, labor cost and feeding cost are reduced, the fed Tibetan fragrant pork is high in price and good in sales volume, pure profits of pigs at one end are more than 888 yuan compared with pure grain feeding, pure profits of pigs at one end are more than 3960 yuan compared with additive pig feed feeding, and economic benefits of farmers are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. Other embodiments based on the embodiments of the present invention and obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creating any work are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Selecting field weeds of Ixeris denticulata, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Veronica officinalis, misgurnus anguillicaudatus, clarified grass and Stellaria cepharantha each 10 parts, mixing with pericarpium Citri Junoris and ginger root stem and leaf each 5 parts, showering with clear water, washing to remove silt, cutting, sun drying, and pulverizing into granules or powder respectively with a pulverizer.
(2) 20 parts of fine corn seeds are crushed, and 10 parts of soybean oil residues are dried.
(3) Manually mixing the field weeds, the ingredients and the concentrate in a container according to the ratio of 5:4:1, and then placing and storing.
(4) When the Tibetan pigs are fed, clear water is added into the feed prepared in the step (3) while stirring, one feed is held by hands, the feed can be tightly held into a ball, and the water is stopped adding when no water drops flow down.
(5) When feeding, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs from weaning to 0.6-3.0 jin per day, feeding 3 times a day, feeding 8: 30-9: 00 in the morning, 1: 00-1: 30 at noon and 6: 00-6: 30 at night, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs to the slaughtering, feeding 3.5-4.0 jin per day, feeding twice a day, feeding 9:00-10:00 in the morning and 5: 00-6: 00 at afternoon, and performing conventional management on the rest of time.
Example 2
(1) Selecting 8 parts of field weed Ixeris denticulata, 8 parts of alternanthera philoxeroides, 8 parts of Veronica officinalis, 8 parts of misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 15 parts of clarified grass and 10 parts of Stellaria mediae, preparing 6 parts of orange peels and 7 parts of ginger root stems and leaves, flushing with clear water, washing off silt, cutting, drying, and respectively grinding into granules or powder by a grinder.
(2) And (3) crushing 16 parts of the fine corn seeds, and drying 11 parts of soybean oil residues.
(3) Manually mixing the field weeds, the ingredients and the concentrate in a container according to the ratio of 5:4:1, and then placing and storing.
(4) When the Tibetan pigs are fed, clear water is added into the feed prepared in the step (3) while stirring, one feed is held by hands, the feed can be tightly held into a ball, and the water is stopped adding when no water drops flow down.
(5) When feeding, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs from weaning to 0.6-3.0 jin per day, feeding 3 times a day, feeding 8: 30-9: 00 in the morning, 1: 00-1: 30 at noon and 6: 00-6: 30 at night, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs to the slaughtering, feeding 3.5-4.0 jin per day, feeding twice a day, feeding 9:00-10:00 in the morning and 5: 00-6: 00 at afternoon, and performing conventional management on the rest of time.
Example 3
(1) Selecting field weeds of 15 parts of Ixeris denticulata, 15 parts of alternanthera philoxeroides, 8 parts of Veronica officinalis, 8 parts of misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 8 parts of Qingming grass and 8 parts of Stellaria mediae, preparing orange peels, 7 parts of ginger root stems and leaves, flushing with clear water, washing off silt, cutting up, drying in the sun, and respectively grinding into granules or powder by a grinder.
(2) And (3) crushing 25 parts of the fine corn seeds, and drying 10 parts of soybean oil residues.
(3) Manually mixing the field weeds, the ingredients and the concentrate in a container according to the ratio of 5:4:1, and then placing and storing.
(4) When the Tibetan pigs are fed, clear water is added into the feed prepared in the step (3) while stirring, one feed is held by hands, the feed can be tightly held into a ball, and the water is stopped adding when no water drops flow down.
(5) When feeding, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs from weaning to 0.6-3.0 jin per day, feeding 3 times a day, feeding 8: 30-9: 00 in the morning, 1: 00-1: 30 at noon and 6: 00-6: 30 at night, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs to the slaughtering, feeding 3.5-4.0 jin per day, feeding twice a day, feeding 9:00-10:00 in the morning and 5: 00-6: 00 at afternoon, and performing conventional management on the rest of time.
Example 4
(1) Selecting field weeds including sowthistle herb 9 parts, alternanthera philoxeroides 9 parts, veronica officinalis 9 parts, loach strings 8 parts, clarified grass 15 parts and chickweed 15 parts respectively, preparing orange peels, ginger root stems and leaves 5 parts respectively, flushing with clear water, washing to remove silt, cutting up, drying in the sun, and respectively grinding into granules or powder by a grinder.
(2) And (3) crushing 15 parts of fine corn seeds and drying 10 parts of soybean oil residues.
(3) Manually mixing the field weeds, the ingredients and the concentrate in a container according to the ratio of 5:4:1, and then placing and storing.
(4) When the Tibetan pigs are fed, clear water is added into the feed prepared in the step (3) while stirring, one feed is held by hands, the feed can be tightly held into a ball, and the water is stopped adding when no water drops flow down.
(5) When feeding, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs from weaning to 0.6-3.0 jin per day, feeding 3 times a day, feeding 8: 30-9: 00 in the morning, 1: 00-1: 30 at noon and 6: 00-6: 30 at night, feeding 100 jin of Tibetan pigs to the slaughtering, feeding 3.5-4.0 jin per day, feeding twice a day, feeding 9:00-10:00 in the morning and 5: 00-6: 00 at afternoon, and performing conventional management on the rest of time.
Comparative example 1
Purchasing corn to be processed into corn flour, mixing 9 parts by weight of corn flour with 1 part by weight of chopped vegetable leaves, uniformly stirring to obtain corn feed, and confirming the feeding amount after test screening as follows: feeding 0.5-2.5 jin each day for the Tibet pigs weaned to 100 jin each day, feeding 3 times a day, wherein the feeding is 8: 30-9: 00 in the morning, 1: 00-1: 30 in the noon, and 6: 00-6: 30 in the evening, feeding the Tibet pigs discharged from 100 jin to the Tibet pigs discharged from the market, and feeding 2.5-3.0 jin each day for the Tibet pigs discharged from 100 jin. The feed is fed twice a day, 9:00-10:00 morning and 5: 00-6: 00 afternoon, and the rest of management is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
Purchasing a pig feed additive, wherein the feed is a fat and strong feed produced by Zhengzhou Australian Cookie Biotechnology limited company, and the packaging specification is as follows: 1000 g/bag/20 bags/piece, adding the feed additive into the corn feed of the comparative example 1 according to the product use instruction, feeding 0.6-2.0 jin each day for 3 times a day, 8: 30-9: 00 morning, 1: 00-1: 30 noon, 6: 00-6: 30 evening, 100 jin to the fragrant Tibetan pig on sale every day, 2.5-3.0 jin each day, feeding twice a day, 9:00-10:00 morning and 5: 00-6: 00 afternoon for the Tibet pig from weaning to 100 jin, and managing the rest as the same as the example 1.
The cultivation cost statistics and the meat quality detection of the fed Tibetan pigs are carried out on the cultivation modes of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2.
TABLE 1 Tibet pig different feed breeding record and cost accounting
As can be seen from table 1, the net profit obtained after feeding the tibetan pigs with the feed of example 1 is 6360 yuan, 888 yuan more than that obtained by feeding the tibetan pigs with pure grain in comparison example 1, and 3960 yuan more than that obtained by feeding the tibetan pigs with the additive pig feed in comparison example 2.
TABLE 2 meat quality test of Tibet fragrant pig fed with three kinds of feeds
As can be seen from Table 2, when the feed in example 1 is used for feeding Tibetan pigs, the lean meat percentage, the total amino acid content and the pig skin collagen, Fe and Ca content of the Tibetan pigs are higher than those of comparative examples 1 and 2, and the fat content is lower, which shows that the meat quality and the nutritional value of the Tibetan pigs fed by the feed are far better than those of the Tibetan pigs fed by pure grain and additive feed.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A pig feed prepared from field weeds is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 55-65 parts of field weeds, 10-15 parts of ingredients and 25-35 parts of concentrate;
the field weeds comprise the following components in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of Ixeris denticulata, 8-15 parts of alternanthera philoxeroides, 8-15 parts of misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 8-15 parts of clarified grass, 8-15 parts of Stellaria mediae and 8-15 parts of Veronica officinalis.
2. The pig feed according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of field weeds, 10 parts of ingredients and 30 parts of concentrate;
the field weeds comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of Ixeris denticulata, 10 parts of alternanthera philoxeroides, 10 parts of misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 10 parts of veronicastrum herb, 10 parts of chickweed and 10 parts of Veronica officinalis.
3. The pig feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ingredients comprise orange peel and ginger root stem leaves; furthermore, the ratio of the using amount of the orange peels to the using amount of the ginger root, stem and leaf is 0.8-1.2: 0.8-1.2, and the preferable ratio is 1: 1.
4. The pig feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concentrate comprises one or more of corn seeds, soybean oil dregs, highland barley, wheat, bran, peas, soybean meal, rapeseed cake meal; further, the concentrate comprises corn seeds and soybean oil residue.
5. The pig feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the amount ratio of corn seed to soybean oil residue is 1.5-2.5: 1, preferably 2: 1.
6. A method of preparing a pig feed formulated from field weeds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising: (1) taking raw material components; (2) crushing; (3) and (4) mixing.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein each raw material component is a dried product.
8. The method of using a swine feed formulated from field weeds of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the swine feed is fed mixed with water; furthermore, the water is used in an amount that enables the pig feed to be held tightly and to be in a state of no water drop.
9. A method for feeding pigs, which comprises feeding pigs with the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5; further, the pig feed is fed in a manner that comprises: feeding pigs with the weight of 100 jin from weaning by 3 times with the feed amount of 0.6-3.0 jin/day; the weight of the feed is 100 jin and the feed is 3.5-4.0 jin/day, and the feed is divided into 2 times.
10. The feeding method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the time periods for feeding 3 times from weaning to 100 jin of pigs are: 8: 05-9: 00 once, 13: 00-13: 30 once, and 18: 00-18: 30 once; the weight of 100 jin is fed to the slaughtered pigs, and the time periods of 2 times of feeding are respectively as follows: 9:00-10:00 times, 17: 00-18: 00 times.
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CN103609901A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 凤台县古店乡李杰养殖场 | Green pork pig feed capable of increasing lean meat percentage |
CN107148946A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-12 | 重庆问天农业科技有限公司 | A kind of joss stick produced in Xizang swine rearing management method |
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CN1868301A (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2006-11-29 | 河南农业大学 | Composite forage grass type pig feed |
CN102919532A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-02-13 | 向华 | Method for preparing feed additive from ginger stem and leaf |
CN103609901A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-05 | 凤台县古店乡李杰养殖场 | Green pork pig feed capable of increasing lean meat percentage |
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