CN112042599A - Firefly habitat system and habitat construction method - Google Patents
Firefly habitat system and habitat construction method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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Abstract
The invention relates to a firefly habitat system and a method for constructing a habitat. The firefly habitat system comprises an aquatic conservation zone, a terrestrial conservation zone and a light-proof isolation zone which are sequentially arranged from the center to the edge; wherein the width of the aquatic incubator is more than 5 m; the width of the terrestrial incubator is more than 50 m; the width of the light-proof isolation belt is 10-15 m. According to the firefly habitat system provided by the invention, the aquatic breeding belts, the terrestrial breeding belts and the light-proof isolation belts are matched with one another, so that the firefly habitat system has diverse microbial habitats, and the simultaneous habitation of terrestrial fireflies and aquatic fireflies can be met. In the firefly habitat system provided by the present invention, the terrestrial habitat and the aquatic habitat cooperate with each other, and the terrestrial habitat functions as a vegetation filter, thereby contributing to intercepting peripheral non-point source pollution and improving the water quality of the aquatic habitat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological environment engineering, in particular to a firefly habitat system and a method for constructing a habitat.
Background
Firefly generally refers to the order coleoptera, a number of which has been recorded in the world over 2000, distributed in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions. Fireflies belong to completely metamorphotic insects, and undergo four stages of egg-larva-pupa-imago in life, which are divided into terrestrial and aquatic categories. The living environment of terrestrial fireflies is not limited by the region of the water environment, but is closely related to environmental factors such as environmental humidity, vegetation coverage rate, sunlight visibility and the like. Each insect state of the aquatic firefly water has different ecological niches; the larvae grow in water, the pupal stage passes through the revetment soil, and the imagoes inhabit and eggs are laid in the plants on the revetment side. Fireflies are very sensitive to changes in the ecological environment, especially water pollution and light pollution, and thus can serve as environmental indicator species.
In recent years, the environment of firefly habitat deteriorates rapidly due to factors such as rapid economic development, accelerated urbanization, and environmental pollution, and the species and population number of fireflies down rapidly, thus posing a danger of extinction. More than 20 fireflies among more than 100 fireflies distributed in China are difficult to find, and even no fireflies can be found in some areas in the north. However, the ornamental demand of fireflies has not decreased, and it is desired to reproduce the spectacular scene of flying and flying "floating fireflies".
Therefore, the protection of the precious insect resource, firefly, has become an irrevocable task. The method has the advantages that the damaged ecological environment is restored, a safe habitat is created for the firefly, the natural survival and the reproduction of the firefly are promoted, and the method becomes one of important problems to be solved by protecting and utilizing firefly resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of reducing the variety and quantity of the fireflies and particularly eliminating the urban fireflies caused by the degeneration of the fireflies, the invention provides the fireflies habitat system which simultaneously meets the requirements of terrestrial fireflies and aquatic fireflies; the invention also provides a construction method of the habitat. The firefly habitat system can be applied to various places such as city parks, suburb parks, natural scenic spots and the like.
The invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
the application provides a firefly habitat system, which comprises an aquatic conservation zone, a terrestrial conservation zone and a light-proof isolation zone, wherein the aquatic conservation zone, the terrestrial conservation zone and the light-proof isolation zone are sequentially arranged from the center to the edge;
wherein the width of the aquatic incubator is more than 5 m;
the width of the terrestrial incubator is more than 50 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt is 10-15 m.
Optionally, for the system, wherein the overall topography of the aquatic nursery strip is: gradually decreases from the periphery to the middle part, and the slope-to-fall ratio is 1-3%;
wherein a water body unit is arranged in the middle of the aquatic breeding zone, and the depth of the water body unit is smaller than the height of the aquatic breeding zone;
the aquatic nursery strip also comprises a revetment strip, and the revetment strip is connected with the water body unit;
and an artificial wetland is arranged at the source of the water body unit.
Optionally, for the system, wherein the water unit comprises a low flow velocity ribbon water;
wherein the flow velocity of the low-flow-velocity strip-shaped water body is 10-30 cm/s;
the water quality parameters of the low-flow-velocity banded water body comprise: pH 7.0-8.0, NO3Concentration 0-10mg/l, Cl2The concentration is 0-0.8mg/l, the dKH value is 0-10 degrees, and the dGH value is 0-15 degrees.
Optionally, for the system, wherein the depth of the water body unit is 10-40 cm;
wherein a bottom material is arranged at the bottom of the water body unit, and the bottom material comprises at least one of sand, stone and sludge; the height of the bottom material is 10-15 cm;
and food source animals are arranged at the bottom of the water body unit.
Optionally, for the system, wherein the slope of the revetment belt is 5-20 °;
aquatic plant planting is arranged on the revetment belt;
wherein, the aquatic plants are divided into upper plants, middle plants and lower plants according to the height of the plants;
wherein the upper plant comprises at least one of rhizoma Acori Calami, rhizoma Typhae, rhizoma Phragmitis, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, rhizoma Iridis Tectori and Ecliptae herba;
the middle plant comprises at least one of arrowhead, typha orientalis, graceful jessamine and incarvillea hybrida;
the said lower plant comprises at least one of duckweed, water shield, vegetable and Nuphar Pumila.
Optionally, the system wherein the terrestrial care belt is provided with an upper layer of arbor plants and a lower layer of shrub plants by plant height;
wherein the canopy density of the upper arbor plant is more than 60%;
the arbor plant comprises at least one of ilex chinensis, photinia fraseri, castanopsis sclerophylla, cyclobalanopsis glauca, pinus massoniana and black pine;
wherein the coverage of the shrub and grass plants on the lower layer is more than 95%;
the shrubbery plant comprises at least one of Rubus corchorifolius, Lonicera japonica, radix et rhizoma Dysosmatis, Euphorbiae Fischerianae, radix Ophiopogonis Japonici, herba Commelinae, radix Cynodonis Canadensis, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, rhizoma Imperatae and fern.
Optionally, with the system, wherein the terrestrial incubator zone is further provided with a road for connecting the aquatic incubator zone and the light-proof isolation zone.
Optionally, for the system, a dense forest belt with a canopy density of 80% or more is arranged in the light-proof isolation belt;
the dense forest belt comprises arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants;
wherein the arbor comprises at least one of Ulmus davidiana var, Pterocarya stenoptera var, juniper, arborvitae, and Robinia pseudoacacia;
the shrub comprises at least one of Buxus Davidiana, Hibiscus syriacus, Berberis pruinosa and Ligustrum lucidum;
the herb comprises at least one of bamboo, rose, green bristlegrass herb, verbena, ixeris sonchifolia and orychophragmus violaceus.
The application also provides a habitat construction method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a firefly habitat system, wherein the firefly habitat system comprises an aquatic conservation zone, a terrestrial conservation zone and a light-proof isolation zone which are sequentially arranged from the center to the edge;
wherein the width of the aquatic incubator is more than 5 m;
the width of the terrestrial incubator is more than 50 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt is 10-15 m;
(2) introducing a target biological population into the firefly habitat system constructed in the step (1), and constructing a biological chain including the target biological population.
Optionally, for the construction method, wherein introducing a target biological population in the firefly habitat system completed by the construction in step (1) comprises:
throwing local firefly larvae of the firefly to the firefly habitat system;
the putting mode is batch putting: the single input amount is 0.1-2 firefly larvae per square meter of habitat system, and the total input amount is more than or equal to 100;
wherein, the larvae of the firefly larvae are artificially bred larvae of 4 to 5 years old.
Optionally, for the method of constructing, wherein the constructing a biochain including the target biological population comprises:
feeding aquatic firefly food source animals to an aquatic conservation zone in the firefly habitat system; the feeding amount of the food source animals is 0.1-0.2 per square aquatic conservation zone;
throwing terrestrial firefly food source animals into a terrestrial conservation zone in the firefly habitat system; the feeding amount of the food-source animals is 0.05-0.1 animal per square terrestrial conservation zone.
Optionally, for the constructing method, wherein the constructing a biologic chain including the target biological population further comprises:
at least one of an artificial bird nest, an insect house and a bengerbil pile is laid within the habitat system.
(1) According to the firefly habitat system provided by the invention, the aquatic breeding belts, the terrestrial breeding belts and the light-proof isolation belts are matched with one another, so that the habitat system has diverse microbial habitats, and the simultaneous habitat of terrestrial fireflies and aquatic fireflies can be met.
(2) In the firefly habitat system provided by the invention, the terrestrial conservation zone and the aquatic conservation zone are matched, and the terrestrial conservation zone plays a role of a vegetation filter zone, so that the interception of peripheral non-point source pollution is facilitated, and the water quality of the aquatic conservation zone is improved; the evaporation of water vapor in the aquatic conservation zone can increase the environmental humidity of the terrestrial conservation zone and increase the survival and reproduction probability of terrestrial fireflies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a firefly habitat system provided in example 1 of the present invention; wherein (1) is a aquatic conservation zone, (2) is a terrestrial conservation zone, and (3) is a lightproof isolation zone.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an aquatic breeding zone in a firefly habitat system according to example 1 of the present invention, in which (4) is a water body unit, and (5) is a revetment zone.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
First, noun explanation is made.
The micro-habitat means: a habitat on a spatial and temporal scale corresponding to the size, motility and longevity of the microorganism. For example, the existence of plant communities changes the external habitat conditions to a great extent and creates a unique internal microenvironment, which in turn acts and influences the composition, organization, renewal and succession of plant communities.
This jieshi heap: in an animal exhibition area or a garden, stones and branches are piled together and filled with soil doped with native plant seeds, meanwhile, thorny and sprawly protective plants such as roses and the like are planted in the piles, but attention needs to be paid to the protection of the roots and trunks of the plants by the branches, the stones and the thorny vines so as to avoid the gnawing of herbivores.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a firefly habitat system, as shown in fig. 1, which includes an aquatic nursery strip 1, a terrestrial nursery strip 2, and a light-proof isolation strip 3, which are sequentially disposed from the center to the edge;
wherein the width of the aquatic breeding zone 1 is more than 5 m;
the width of the terrestrial conservation band 2 is more than 50 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt 3 is 10-15 m.
Preferably, the aquatic nursery strip 1 has a width of 5m to 10 m;
the width of the terrestrial nursing belt 2 is 50m-90 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt 3 is 12-15 m.
The aquatic conservation zone 1, the terrestrial conservation zone 2 and the light-proof isolation zone 3 provided by the invention can be respectively in the forms of a closed circle, a closed square and the like and can be encircled along the central axis. The surrounding form can also be selected according to the terrain of the site. The central axis is the central axis of the innermost aquatic breeding zone 1 in the habitat system.
The firefly habitat system provided by the invention has the overall topography of high four sides and low middle part, so that a local humid microclimate is formed, and the firefly habitat system is more suitable for causing firefly to inhabit.
Wherein microclimate refers to a climate within a local area where the habitat is located, which is a concept with respect to a large environment.
(1) Aquatic conservation belt 1
Alternatively, in the perch system provided by the present invention, the aquatic nursery strip 1 is an aquatic firefly nursery strip.
The aquatic firefly breeding belt meets the inhabitation requirements of aquatic fireflies in different insect states, namely, a larva stage grows in water, a pupa stage passes through revetment soil, and an adult stage inhabits and spawns in plants on the revetment side.
In the firefly habitat system provided by the present invention, the overall topography of the aquatic breeding zone 1 is: gradually decreases from the periphery to the middle part, and the slope-to-fall ratio is 1-3%. The slope-to-fall ratio of the aquatic breeding zone 1 is controlled within a proper range, so that living of organisms with different forms in water or on revetments can be met.
Therefore, water, soil and food sources are the key to the habitat of aquatic fireflies.
Since the larval stage of the aquatic firefly inhabits in water, it is necessary to secure water quality and food supply in the aquatic breeding zone 1 provided by the present invention.
Further, in the firefly habitat system provided in the application, the aquatic breeding zone 1 specifically includes a water body unit 4 and a revetment zone 5, as shown in fig. 2, wherein 4 is the water body unit 4, and 5 is the revetment zone 5.
Wherein the water body unit 4 is arranged at the bottom of the aquatic breeding zone 1, and the depth of the water body unit 4 is less than the height of the aquatic breeding zone 1. In addition, in order to ensure the water quality in the water body unit 4, a low-flow-speed strip-shaped water body is arranged in the water body unit 4; meanwhile, the flowing water in the water body unit 4 is prevented from washing away the bait required by the larvae, and the flow velocity of the banded water body is controlled to be 10-30 cm/s.
The water body means: an aggregate of water. Is an important component of surface water rings, and is a natural water area with relatively stable land as a boundary, including rivers, lakes, seas, glaciers, snow, reservoirs, ponds and the like, and also including underground water and water vapor in the atmosphere.
A banded water body: it refers to the existing form of water body, which is relative to the surface water body and the point water body.
Further, the flowing water entering the water body unit 4 needs to meet the following water quality standards: pH 7.0-8.0, NO30-10mg/l, Cl20-0.8mg/l, dKH 0-10 deg. and dGH 0-15 deg..
In the firefly habitat system provided by the present invention, the flowing water body can increase the dissolved oxygen content in water, and is continuously purified by aquatic plants and microorganisms in the flow, which is helpful for maintaining the excellent water quality required by firefly for a long time.
Further, in order to ensure the quality of the flowing water entering the water body unit 4, an artificial wetland can be arranged at the source of the water system, and the external flowing water is purified in the artificial wetland and then enters the water body unit 4.
Further, in order to achieve the best conservation effect, the water depth of the water body unit 4 is kept between 10 and 40 cm; and a bottom material with a thickness of 10-15cm is arranged at the bottom of the container, and the bottom material comprises sand, stones or sludge. The gap provided by the bottom material is beneficial to the survival of micro organisms such as food source animals and the like.
Furthermore, food source animals such as square ring arris snail and flat spiral shell are also placed in the water body unit 4 to ensure that the firefly larvae in the conservation zone obtain sufficient food sources.
Alternatively, in a firefly habitat system provided by the present invention, a revetment belt 5 is provided in the aquatic nursery belt 1. The revetment belt 5 is connected with the water body unit 4.
The revetment refers to: structures for protecting a bank (preventing the bank from collapsing or scouring) along the river below the ground are called revetments (revetments). The water body is established at the edge of the water body and the junction of land, and the bank is processed by engineering measures to be stable, so that the water body is prevented from being damaged by various natural factors and human factors, and the facilities of the water body in the landscape garden are protected.
In the firefly habitat system provided by the invention, the revetment soil structure of the aquatic breeding belt 1 is soft, so that larvae can climb into the revetment soil from water to build pupa chambers, and the pupa period can be smoothly passed.
Further, the slope of the revetment belt 5 is 5-20 °, preferably 10-15 °. In the firefly habitat system provided by the invention, the aquatic firefly larvae can easily climb into the revetment soil from water to build a pupa chamber by keeping a proper gradient so as to successfully pass through the pupa period.
Further, aquatic plants are planted on the revetment belt 5.
The planting mode of the aquatic plants is as follows: on the revetment belt 5, the height of the plants is taken as a standard and the plants are divided into upper plants, middle plants and lower plants.
Wherein the upper plant comprises at least one of rhizoma Acori Calami, rhizoma Typhae, rhizoma Phragmitis, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, rhizoma Iridis Tectori and Ecliptae herba; preferably, the height of the upper plant is 50cm or more, preferably 50-80 cm.
The middle plant comprises at least one of arrowhead, typha orientalis, graceful jessamine and Callicarpa dwarfii.
The said lower plant comprises at least one of duckweed, water shield, vegetable and Nuphar Pumila.
Further, an aquatic microenvironment suitable for firefly inhabitation with a canopy density of more than 80% is locally enclosed, and preferably, the canopy density is 85-90%.
Furthermore, on the revetment belt 5, stone materials can be placed locally in combination with landscape requirements. Not only can form good landscape effect, but also can form diversified revetment small environment, and is beneficial to the survival of various organisms in the aquatic conservation zone 1.
In conclusion, the aquatic conservation belt 1 combining the water body unit 4 and the revetment belt 5 can meet the inhabitation requirements of different insect states; and the microenvironment formed by the aquatic plants, the stones and the like is favorable for avoiding the influence of external factors on the ecological environment, so that the environment in the nursery zone is kept relatively stable, and the aquatic firefly inhabitation is more favorable.
(2) Terrestrial conservation band 2
In the present invention, the terrestrial firefly rearing belt 2 is a terrestrial firefly rearing belt.
The terrestrial conservation zone 2 is suitable for terrestrial fireflies such as Luciola abrupta and Luciola gigantea to inhabit, provides good inhabitation conditions for birds, small mammals and other insects, and forms a stable food net; meanwhile, the terrestrial conservation zone 2 can intercept non-point source pollutants flowing to the aquatic conservation zone 1, and excellent water quality required by the aquatic firefly is ensured.
Non-point source pollution: the method is a phenomenon that pollutants in the atmosphere and the ground surface are brought into a receiving water body through rainfall and surface runoff scouring, so that the receiving water body is polluted.
In the firefly habitat system provided by the present invention, the width of the terrestrial conservation band 2 is 50m or more, preferably 50m to 90 m.
Further, an upper layer of arbor plants and a lower layer of shrub plants are planted on the terrestrial nursing zone 2 according to the plant height; preferably, the arbor plant is mainly selected from broad-leaved tree species and the conifer species is selected as an auxiliary.
The canopy density of the upper layer arbor plant is more than 60%, preferably 65-75%; the coverage of the lower-layer shrub plants is more than 95%.
Wherein the upper arbor plant comprises at least one of ilex chinensis, photinia serrulata, castanopsis sclerophylla, cyclobalanopsis glauca, pinus massoniana and black pine;
wherein the lower shrub plant comprises at least one of Rubus corchorifolius, Lonicera japonica, radix et rhizoma Dysosmatis, Euphorbiae Fischerianae, radix Ophiopogonis Japonici, herba Commelinae, radix Cynodonis Canadensis, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, rhizoma Imperatae and fern.
According to the terrestrial conservation zone 2 provided by the invention, trees and shrubs are combined, a certain degree of closure and coverage rate are achieved, the illuminance in the terrestrial conservation zone 2 is reduced and kept to be 0.05-0.2lux at night, a small environment with humidity, low illuminance and low wind speed is provided for terrestrial fireflies, and natural enemies and predation places are avoided.
Further, in the terrestrial conservation zone 2, a stone heap is placed in a partial area under the planted plant forest. Is favorable for forming various micro-habitats for animals to inhabit and is favorable for pupating terrestrial fireflies in stone gap soil.
Furthermore, the terrestrial conservation zone 2 is placed with larvae of firefly larvae food animals such as snails, slugs, earthworms and the like, so as to ensure the growth and development requirements of the firefly in the conservation zone.
Further, in order to meet the needs of daily human activities, a road may also be provided in the terrestrial caregiving belt 2. The road can be 0.3-0.5m wide soil diameter or a wooden plank road, is inserted into the terrestrial conservation zone 2, and reduces the influence on wild animals to the minimum. The road is used for connecting the aquatic breeding zone 1 and the light-proof isolation zone 3, so that tourists can conveniently enter the habitat to view.
Meanwhile, in order to avoid setting an artificial light source, the moonlight is fully utilized to provide brightness for the road, and tall trees are prevented from being planted in the range of 3-5 meters on the two sides of the road.
In local areas with complex terrain, for tourist safety, a red floor lamp can be arranged, because red light has minimal interference to the firefly.
In conclusion, the firefly habitat system provided by the invention is provided with the terrestrial conservation zone 2, combines arbor plants and shrub plants, and is provided with the stone heap under the forest, so that a small environment with humidity, low illumination and low wind speed can be provided for terrestrial fireflies in the fireflies, and natural enemies and predation places can be avoided; meanwhile, the food source animal is arranged to provide enough food source for the firefly, so that the normal growth of the firefly is ensured.
(3) Light-proof isolation belt 3
Fireflies are very sensitive to light pollution, and artificial light sources can not enable the fireflies to normally communicate, so that couples can not be found and breeding can not be carried out, and therefore fireflies can be rapidly killed.
In order to avoid the harm of an artificial light source to the fireflies, a light-proof isolation belt 3 is arranged on the periphery of the fireflies habitat system; the width of the light-proof isolation belt 3 is 10-15 m.
The lightproof isolation belt 3 is provided with a dense forest belt with the canopy density of more than 80%.
The dense forest belt comprises arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants;
wherein the arbor comprises at least one of Ulmus davidiana var, Pterocarya stenoptera var, juniper, arborvitae, and Robinia pseudoacacia;
the shrub comprises at least one of Buxus Davidiana, Hibiscus syriacus, Berberis pruinosa and Ligustrum lucidum;
the herb comprises at least one of bamboo, rose, green bristlegrass herb, verbena, ixeris sonchifolia and orychophragmus violaceus.
In the invention, the light-proof isolation belt 3 can be established to block an artificial light source, provide a proper dark night environment for fireflies and play a role in filtering peripheral noise and non-point source pollution.
In conclusion, the invention provides the firefly habitat system with the aquatic breeding zone 1, the terrestrial breeding zone 2 and the lightproof isolation zone 3 which are sequentially arranged from the center to the edge, has diversified microbial habitats, and can simultaneously satisfy the simultaneous habitation of terrestrial fireflies and aquatic fireflies; meanwhile, the terrestrial conservation belt 2 is matched with the aquatic conservation belt 1, so that on one hand, the terrestrial conservation belt 2 plays a role of a vegetation filter belt, and is beneficial to intercepting peripheral non-point source pollution so as to improve the water quality of the water body of the aquatic conservation belt 1; on the other hand, the evaporation of water vapor in the aquatic breeding zone 1 can increase the environmental humidity of the terrestrial breeding zone 2 and increase the survival and reproduction probability of terrestrial fireflies.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a habitat building method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s201, constructing a firefly habitat system, wherein the firefly habitat system comprises an aquatic conservation zone, a terrestrial conservation zone and a light-proof isolation zone which are sequentially arranged from the center to the edge;
wherein the width of the aquatic incubator is more than 5 m;
the width of the terrestrial incubator is more than 50 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt is 10-15 m.
Preferably, the width of the aquatic incubator belt is 5m to 10 m;
the width of the terrestrial incubator is 50-90 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt is 12-15 m.
The specific structural arrangement of the habitat has been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments and is therefore not described in detail here.
S202, introducing a target biological population into the firefly habitat system constructed in the step S201 and constructing a biological chain including the target biological population.
Further, introducing a target biological population into the constructed firefly habitat system specifically comprises: throwing local firefly larvae of the firefly to the firefly habitat system; the putting mode is batch putting: the single throwing amount is 0.1-2 native firefly larvae per square meter of firefly habitat system, and the total throwing amount is more than or equal to 100; wherein, the larvae of the firefly larvae are artificially bred larvae of 4 to 5 years old.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: according to the species of the firefly living in the region, the local firefly larvae are thrown in the habitat, and non-local firefly species cannot be introduced, so that the firefly is prevented from dying due to the large amount of environmental inadaptation and adverse effects possibly caused to a local ecological system.
And in the process of introducing the firefly, the firefly is introduced in batches and is gradually introduced, and the single feeding quantity is about 0.1-2 firefly/m2Putting 100 larvae at minimum to ensure that a firefly population is formed preliminarily; and aquatic firefly larvae are introduced into the aquatic nursery strip, including but not limited to Dinophora rostrata, Luciola rapae. Since terrestrial fireflies have higher and more complex requirements for habitats, terrestrial fireflies larvae are reintroduced under the condition that aquatic fireflies successfully live in a fixed residence and complete the whole life history, which indicates that a habitat food net is preliminarily formed and the ecological environment is kept good, and terrestrial fireflies include, but are not limited to, norbidopha and norbidopha.
By the introduction mode of the fireflies in batches, the problems in the firefly habitat system can be found in time after a small part of the fireflies are put into the fireflies, so that adjustment is made, and more loss is avoided; on the other hand, the construction method also fully considers the inhabitation requirements of different fireflies, the aquatic fireflies are introduced firstly, and the terrestrial fireflies are introduced after the ecological system is stabilized, so that the survival rate of the terrestrial fireflies can be improved.
Further, the constructing a biological chain including the target biological population specifically includes:
feeding aquatic firefly food source animals to an aquatic conservation zone in the firefly habitat system; the feeding amount of the food source animals is 0.1-0.2 per square aquatic conservation zone;
wherein the aquatic firefly food source animals comprise a hemifusus orbicularis, a hemifusus planiformis and the like.
Throwing terrestrial firefly food source animals into a terrestrial conservation zone in the firefly habitat system; the feeding amount of the food-source animals is 0.05-0.1 animal per square terrestrial conservation zone;
wherein the terrestrial firefly food source animals comprise snails, slugs, earthworms and the like; meanwhile, the total number of snails and slugs in the terrestrial nursing belt is controlled to be less than 30.
Optionally, local amphibians such as Lucerus japonicus, Tiger frog, Pleurotus anoectochilus, and Bufo siccus can be introduced into the habitat to enrich the habitat food network and realize benign development of firefly population.
Optionally, in the habitat construction method provided by the invention, artificial bird nests, insect houses, bengerbil heaps and the like can be arranged, so that the habitat can be used for further enriching the species of local wild animals in the habitat, the complication of a food net is promoted, and the stability of a habitat ecosystem is improved.
Optionally, in order to further stabilize the ecological stability of the habitat constructed in the present invention, environmental monitoring may also be performed on the habitat, specifically including:
A. monitoring of foreign invasive species: the exogenous invasive species such as procambarus clarkii, ampullaria gigas and the like are monitored, and the excessive firefly predation or the environmental resource robbing caused by the mass propagation of the procambarus clarkii and the ampullaria gigas are prevented.
B. Monitoring water quality: more than 3 water quality monitoring probes are arranged at the water inlet, the middle and the water outlet of the water body respectively, so that the water quality meets the inhabitation requirement of the aquatic firefly.
Furthermore, when the habitat is constructed, tourism management of the habitat can be considered, and in order to achieve the maximum ornamental benefit and economic benefit, a tourism channel can be arranged in the habitat and manage the tourism mode, wherein the tourism management comprises the following steps: the time and the place for watching fireflies are made strictly, tourists are limited and shunted, firefly science popularization education is developed, and the artificial interference of noise, light and the like is strictly limited.
In summary, the invention provides a method for constructing a habitat, which can construct a habitat, wherein a biological chain is constructed, and the habitat has diverse microenvironment, so that the habitat can be satisfied that terrestrial fireflies and aquatic fireflies simultaneously; and the construction method also considers the environmental monitoring and tourism management of the habitat, can enhance the stability of the habitat and has certain economic benefit.
Claims (12)
1. A firefly habitat system is characterized by comprising an aquatic breeding zone, a terrestrial breeding zone and a light-proof isolation zone which are sequentially arranged from the center to the edge;
wherein the width of the aquatic incubator is more than 5 m;
the width of the terrestrial incubator is more than 50 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt is 10-15 m.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the overall topography of the aquatic nursery strip is: gradually decreases from the periphery to the middle part, and the slope-to-fall ratio is 1-3%;
wherein a water body unit is arranged in the middle of the aquatic breeding zone, and the depth of the water body unit is smaller than the height of the aquatic breeding zone;
the aquatic nursery strip also comprises a revetment strip, and the revetment strip is connected with the water body unit;
and an artificial wetland is arranged at the source of the water body unit.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the water body unit comprises a low flow velocity ribbon water body;
wherein the flow velocity of the low-flow-velocity strip-shaped water body is 10-30 cm/s;
the water quality parameters of the low-flow-velocity banded water body comprise: pH 7.0-8.0, NO3Concentration 0-10mg/l, Cl2The concentration is 0-0.8mg/l, the dKH value is 0-10 degrees, and the dGH value is 0-15 degrees.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the water body unit has a depth of 10-40 cm;
wherein a bottom material is arranged at the bottom of the water body unit, and the bottom material comprises at least one of sand, stone and sludge; the height of the bottom material is 10-15 cm;
and food source animals are arranged at the bottom of the water body unit.
5. The system of claim 2, wherein the slope of the revetment belt is 5-20 °;
aquatic plant planting is arranged on the revetment belt;
wherein, the aquatic plants are divided into upper plants, middle plants and lower plants according to the height of the plants;
wherein the upper plant comprises at least one of rhizoma Acori Calami, rhizoma Typhae, rhizoma Phragmitis, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, rhizoma Iridis Tectori and Ecliptae herba;
the middle plant comprises at least one of arrowhead, typha orientalis, graceful jessamine and incarvillea hybrida;
the said lower plant comprises at least one of duckweed, water shield, vegetable and Nuphar Pumila.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the terrestrial caregiving belt is provided with an upper layer of arbor plants and a lower layer of shrub plants by plant height;
wherein the canopy density of the upper arbor plant is more than 60%;
the arbor plant comprises at least one of ilex chinensis, photinia fraseri, castanopsis sclerophylla, cyclobalanopsis glauca, pinus massoniana and black pine;
wherein the coverage of the shrub and grass plants on the lower layer is more than 95%;
the shrubbery plant comprises at least one of Rubus corchorifolius, Lonicera japonica, radix et rhizoma Dysosmatis, Euphorbiae Fischerianae, radix Ophiopogonis Japonici, herba Commelinae, radix Cynodonis Canadensis, herba Bidentis Bipinnatae, rhizoma Imperatae and fern.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the terrestrial nursery strip is further provided with a road for connecting the aquatic nursery strip and the light-proof isolation strip.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein a dense forest belt with a canopy density of 80% or more is arranged in the light-proof isolation belt;
the dense forest belt comprises arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants;
wherein the arbor comprises at least one of Ulmus davidiana var, Pterocarya stenoptera var, juniper, arborvitae, and Robinia pseudoacacia;
the shrub comprises at least one of Buxus Davidiana, Hibiscus syriacus, Berberis pruinosa and Ligustrum lucidum;
the herb comprises at least one of bamboo, rose, green bristlegrass herb, verbena, ixeris sonchifolia and orychophragmus violaceus.
9. A method for constructing a habitat, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a firefly habitat system, wherein the firefly habitat system comprises an aquatic conservation zone, a terrestrial conservation zone and a light-proof isolation zone which are sequentially arranged from the center to the edge;
wherein the width of the aquatic incubator is more than 5 m;
the width of the terrestrial incubator is more than 50 m;
the width of the light-proof isolation belt is 10-15 m;
(2) introducing a target biological population into the firefly habitat system constructed in the step (1), and constructing a biological chain including the target biological population.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein introducing a target biological population into the firefly habitat system constructed in step (1) comprises:
throwing local firefly larvae of the firefly to the firefly habitat system;
the putting mode is batch putting: the single input amount is 0.1-2 firefly larvae per square meter of habitat system, and the total input amount is more than or equal to 100;
wherein, the larvae of the firefly larvae are artificially bred larvae of 4 to 5 years old.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the constructing a biochain including the target biological population comprises:
feeding aquatic firefly food source animals to an aquatic conservation zone in the firefly habitat system; the feeding amount of the food source animals is 0.1-0.2 per square aquatic conservation zone;
throwing terrestrial firefly food source animals into a terrestrial conservation zone in the firefly habitat system; the feeding amount of the food-source animals is 0.05-0.1 animal per square terrestrial conservation zone.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein the constructing a biochain including the target biological population further comprises:
at least one of an artificial bird nest, an insect house and a bengerbil pile is laid within the habitat system.
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