CN112038775A - Fractal circular patch antenna - Google Patents
Fractal circular patch antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112038775A CN112038775A CN202010867224.8A CN202010867224A CN112038775A CN 112038775 A CN112038775 A CN 112038775A CN 202010867224 A CN202010867224 A CN 202010867224A CN 112038775 A CN112038775 A CN 112038775A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fractal circular patch antenna, which comprises a fractal circular patch antenna, a substrate, a feeder line and a floor, wherein the substrate is provided with a substrate; the fractal circular patch antenna is a fractal circular shape based on a fractal geometric theory, a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction at the edge of a basic circle, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is>2, inventive example n ═ 3; the ideal first-order fractal is a circular hole with the radius of R/3 and tangent to a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and the second-order fractal is a circular hole with the radius of R/9 and tangent to the inner side of the circular hole of the first-order fractal circle on the basis of the first order, and a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array; in practical application, the circle centers of the first-order fractal circular hole and the second-order fractal circular hole respectively move delta outwards along the radial direction1、Δ2(ii) a By couplingThe feed mode is that the feed line is formed by connecting a straight line and a ring microstrip line, the ring microstrip line is concentric with a first-order fractal circular hole, and delta is shown in the example1＝0.11mm，Δ2＝0.13mm。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a patch antenna, in particular to a fractal circular patch antenna.
Background
The patch antenna is widely used in the field of communications, is an antenna with a small profile and easy to conform, but for a low frequency band below a radio frequency band, such as an L-band, a plane size is large, and it is often desired that the plane size is more miniaturized.
A circular antenna is often used in a patch antenna, and a circular antenna of a low frequency band such as an L-band also has a problem of a relatively large planar size.
There is a method of miniaturization using a fractal approach for a square patch antenna, but there is a few fractal methods for a circle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fractal circular patch antenna to solve the problem of miniaturization of the conventional circular patch antenna.
Therefore, the invention provides a fractal circular patch antenna which comprises a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3), a floor (4) and the like.
According to the fractal circular patch antenna, the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is characterized in that a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction on the edge of a complete basic circle with the reference radius R according to a fractal geometric theory, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, the fractal iteration factor R is 15mm, and the iteration factor is 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to a circular hole with the radius of R/3 on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and then a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is formed; on the basis of ideal second-order fractal, a round hole with the radius of (R/3)/3-R/9 is tangent to the inner side of a first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 along the radial direction of a basic circle, the centers of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle and the second-order fractal circle are on a radial line, a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is also arranged, and the third order and the fourth order … can be realized by analogy; in practical application, the circle center position of the ideal first-order fractal circular hole is moved outwards along the radial direction by delta1Cutting with the basic circle in an intersecting way to ensure that the basic circle with the radius of R and the first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 are broken and locally and integrally self-similar; in practical application, the second-order fractal circular hole moves by delta outwards along the radial direction on the basis of the ideal second-order fractal circular hole tangent to the ideal first-order fractal circular hole2Intersecting and cutting with the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 to ensure that the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 and the second-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/9 are also broken and are locally and integrally self-similar, and so on, three-order … … and four-order … … can be provided; examples of the invention Δ1＝0.11mm，Δ20.13 mm; the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm thick and made of gold.
The fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the substrate (2) is silicon dioxide with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 1.5mm, and the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is positioned in the center of the upper surface of the substrate (2).
The invention relates to a fractal circular patch antenna, wherein a feeder (3) is positioned in the middle of a first-order fractal circular round hole of a fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of a substrate (2) and is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), a coupling feed mode is adopted, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a section of linear microstrip line and a section of circular microstrip line, the center line of the linear microstrip line, the center of a circle of a circular microstrip line and the center of a basic circle of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are aligned with the centers of first-order and second-order fractal circular circles, the circle of the circular microstrip line and the first-order fractal circular round hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are concentric, the line widths of the linear microstrip line and the circular microstrip line are equal, and the line width and the diameter of; the thickness of a feeder (3) of the fractal circular patch antenna is 0.01mm, the line width of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the outer contour diameter of a microstrip line at a circular ring section is 4.84 mm; the line width of the second-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder line (3) is 0.07mm, the outer contour diameter of the circular ring section microstrip line is 4.17mm, and the feeder line (3) is made of gold.
The fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the floor (4) is gold with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 0.01mm, and is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate (2) and aligned with the substrate (2).
According to the fractal circular patch antenna, the comparison reference is that gold is used as a material, a round patch antenna with a radius of 15mm and a thickness of 0.01mm and a complete basic circle is a silicon dioxide substrate with the same side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 1.5mm, a floor is made of gold with a side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 0.01mm, the basic circular patch antenna is positioned at the center of the upper surface of the substrate, and the floor is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate and aligned with the substrate; the feed mode is coupled feed, a feed line is positioned on the upper surface of the base and is coplanar with the circular patch antenna and is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and an arc microstrip line, the tail end of the straight microstrip line is connected with the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment, the center line of the straight microstrip line, the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment are aligned with the circle center of the basic circular patch antenna, the arc of the arc microstrip line is concentric with the circle of the basic circular patch antenna, the thickness of the feed line is 0.01mm, the line width is 0.08mm, the radius of the inner side of the arc microstrip line is 15.
According to the fractal circular patch antenna, a first-order fractal circular patch antenna applied in practice is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 2.20GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-25.411825 db; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 1.82GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-15.378834 db; comparing a round patch antenna with a reference radius of R and a complete basic circle, and simulating and calculating the resonance at 2.85GHZ by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software, wherein the return loss of S11 is-17.280718 db; the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 22.8% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius, and the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 36.1% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the second-order practical application fractal circle patch antenna of the specific embodiment of the invention and an ideal second-order fractal circle shape schematic diagram;
FIG. 2: the first-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna and the ideal first-order fractal circular shape are schematically shown in the specific embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3: the first-order practical application of the fractal circular patch antenna is schematically illustrated by a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3) and a floor (4);
FIG. 4: the fractal circular patch antenna (1), the substrate (2), the feeder (3) and the floor (4) of the second-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna in the specific embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated;
FIG. 5: the schematic diagram of the ideal third-order fractal circle of the specific embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6: the first-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna in the HFSS simulation software has a three-dimensional model and an S11 parameter simulation result schematic diagram;
FIG. 7: the two-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna in the HFSS simulation software of the specific embodiment of the invention has a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model and an S11 parameter simulation result;
FIG. 8: in the specific embodiment of the invention, the comparison refers to a three-dimensional model of a complete circular patch antenna with a complete radius of R-15 mm in HFSS simulation software and a schematic diagram of S11 parameter simulation results;
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-7: according to the fractal circular patch antenna, the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is characterized in that a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction on the edge of a complete basic circle with the reference radius R according to a fractal geometric theory, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, the fractal iteration factor R is 15mm, and the iteration factor is 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to a circular hole with the radius of R/3 on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and then a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is formed; on the basis of ideal second-order fractal, a round hole with the radius of (R/3)/3-R/9 is tangent to the inner side of a first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 along the radial direction of a basic circle, the centers of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle and the second-order fractal circle are on a radial line, a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is also arranged, and the third order and the fourth order … can be realized by analogy; in practical application, the circle center position of the ideal first-order fractal circular hole is moved outwards along the radial direction by delta1Cutting with the basic circle in an intersecting way to ensure that the basic circle with the radius of R and the first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 are broken and locally and integrally self-similar; in practical application, the second-order fractal circular hole moves by delta outwards along the radial direction on the basis of the ideal second-order fractal circular hole tangent to the ideal first-order fractal circular hole2Intersecting and cutting with the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 to ensure that the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 and the second-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/9 are also broken and are locally and integrally self-similar, and so on, three-order … … and four-order … … can be provided; examples of the invention Δ1＝0.11mm，Δ20.13 mm; the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm thick and made of gold.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 6, and 7: the fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the substrate (2) is silicon dioxide with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 1.5mm, and the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is positioned in the center of the upper surface of the substrate (2).
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 6, and 7: the invention relates to a fractal circular patch antenna, wherein a feeder (3) is positioned in the middle of a first-order fractal circular round hole of a fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of a substrate (2) and is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), a coupling feed mode is adopted, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a section of linear microstrip line and a section of circular microstrip line, the center line of the linear microstrip line, the center of a circle of a circular microstrip line and the center of a basic circle of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are aligned with the centers of first-order and second-order fractal circular circles, the circle of the circular microstrip line and the first-order fractal circular round hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are concentric, the line widths of the linear microstrip line and the circular microstrip line are equal, and the line width and the diameter of; the thickness of a feeder (3) of the fractal circular patch antenna is 0.01mm, the line width of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the outer contour diameter of a microstrip line at a circular ring section is 4.84 mm; the line width of the second-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder line (3) is 0.07mm, the outer contour diameter of the circular ring section microstrip line is 4.17mm, and the feeder line (3) is made of gold.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 6, and 7: the fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the floor (4) is gold with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 0.01mm, and is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate (2) and aligned with the substrate (2).
As shown in fig. 8: according to the fractal circular patch antenna, the comparison reference is that gold is used as a material, a round patch antenna with a radius of 15mm and a thickness of 0.01mm and a complete basic circle is a silicon dioxide substrate with the same side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 1.5mm, a floor is made of gold with a side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 0.01mm, the basic circular patch antenna is positioned at the center of the upper surface of the substrate, and the floor is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate and aligned with the substrate; the feed mode is coupled feed, a feed line is positioned on the upper surface of the base and is coplanar with the circular patch antenna and is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and an arc microstrip line, the tail end of the straight microstrip line is connected with the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment, the center line of the straight microstrip line, the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment are aligned with the circle center of the basic circular patch antenna, the arc of the arc microstrip line is concentric with the circle of the basic circular patch antenna, the thickness of the feed line is 0.01mm, the line width is 0.08mm, the radius of the inner side of the arc microstrip line is 15.
As shown in fig. 6-8: according to the fractal circular patch antenna, a first-order fractal circular patch antenna applied in practice is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 2.20GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-25.411825 db; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 1.82GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-15.378834 db; comparing a round patch antenna with a reference radius of R and a complete basic circle, and simulating and calculating the resonance at 2.85GHZ by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software, wherein the return loss of S11 is-17.280718 db; the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 22.8% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius, and the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 36.1% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius.
The processing precision can be improved by adopting the processing mode of the MEMS.
Claims (3)
1. A fractal circular patch antenna comprises a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3) and a floor (4); the fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is in a fractal circular shape based on a fractal geometric theory, a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction on the edge of a complete basic circle with the reference radius of R, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, the example R of the fractal circular patch antenna is 15mm, and the iteration factor is 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to a circular hole with the radius of R/3 on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and then a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is formed; on the basis of ideal second-order fractal, a round hole with the radius of (R/3)/3-R/9 is tangent to the inner side of a first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 along the radial direction of a basic circle, the centers of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle and the second-order fractal circle are on a radial line, a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is also arranged, and the third order and the fourth order … can be realized by analogy; in practical application, the circle center position of the ideal first-order fractal circular hole is moved outwards along the radial direction by delta1Cutting with the basic circle in an intersecting way to ensure that the basic circle with the radius of R and the first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 are broken and locally and integrally self-similar; practical application of second-order fractal circular hole on ideal second-order fractal circular foundation tangent to ideal first-order fractal circular holeMoving radially outward by2Intersecting and cutting with the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 to ensure that the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 and the second-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/9 are also broken and are locally and integrally self-similar, and so on, three-order … … and four-order … … can be provided; examples of the invention Δ1＝0.11mm，Δ20.13 mm; the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm thick and made of gold.
2. The fractal circular patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeder (3) is located in the middle of a first-order fractal circular hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of the substrate (2), is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), and adopts a coupling feed mode, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a section of linear microstrip line and a section of circular microstrip line, the center line of the linear microstrip line, the center of the circular microstrip line and the basic circle center of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are aligned with the center of the first-order and second-order fractal circular circles, the circle of the circular microstrip line and the first-order fractal circular hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are concentric, the line widths of the linear microstrip line and the circular microstrip line are equal, and the line width and the diameter of the circular microstrip line are calculated through simulation; the thickness of a feeder (3) of the fractal circular patch antenna is 0.01mm, the line width of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the outer contour diameter of a microstrip line at a circular ring section is 4.84 mm; the line width of the second-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder line (3) is 0.07mm, the outer contour diameter of the circular ring section microstrip line is 4.17mm, and the feeder line (3) is made of gold.
3. The fractal circular patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna has a size reduction effect with respect to a full reference substantially circular patch antenna, and the first-order fractal circular patch antenna for practical application is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 2.20GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-25.411825 db; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 1.82GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-15.378834 db; comparing a round patch antenna with a reference radius of R and a complete basic circle, and simulating and calculating the resonance at 2.85GHZ by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software, wherein the return loss of S11 is-17.280718 db; the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 22.8% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a complete basic circle of which the reference radius is R-15 mm, and the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 36.1% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a complete basic circle of which the reference radius is R-15 mm.
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| CN113745826A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-03 | 电子科技大学 | Elliptical fractal circular patch antenna |
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