CN112038775A - Fractal circular patch antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fractal circular patch antenna, which comprises a fractal circular patch antenna, a substrate, a feeder line and a floor, wherein the substrate is provided with a substrate; the fractal circular patch antenna is a fractal circular shape based on a fractal geometric theory, a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction at the edge of a basic circle, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is>2, inventive example n ═ 3; the ideal first-order fractal is a circular hole with the radius of R/3 and tangent to a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and the second-order fractal is a circular hole with the radius of R/9 and tangent to the inner side of the circular hole of the first-order fractal circle on the basis of the first order, and a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array; in practical application, the circle centers of the first-order fractal circular hole and the second-order fractal circular hole respectively move delta outwards along the radial direction₁、Δ₂(ii) a By couplingThe feed mode is that the feed line is formed by connecting a straight line and a ring microstrip line, the ring microstrip line is concentric with a first-order fractal circular hole, and delta is shown in the example₁＝0.11mm，Δ₂＝0.13mm。

Description

A fractal circular patch antenna

technical field

The present invention relates to a patch antenna, in particular to a fractal circular patch antenna.

Background technique

Patch antennas are widely used in the field of communications. They are antennas with a small profile and are easy to conform to. However, for the low frequency band below the radio frequency band, such as the L-band, the plane size is relatively large, and the plane size is often expected to be more miniaturized.

Circular antennas are often used in patch antennas, and circular antennas in low frequency bands such as L-band also have the problem of a relatively large plane size.

There are methods of miniaturizing square patch antennas using fractal means, but there are few methods of fractal circles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to provide a fractal circular patch antenna to solve the problem of miniaturization of the existing circular patch antenna.

To this end, the present invention provides a fractal circular patch antenna, the fractal circular patch antenna includes a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3), a floor (4) and the like.

A fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the fractal circular patch antenna (1) according to the fractal geometry theory, digs a fractal circular hole along the radial direction at the edge of a complete basic circle with a reference radius R, and the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, R is 15mm in the example of the present invention, and the iteration factor is 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to a circular hole with a radius of R/3 on the inner side of the basic circle, and then 360 degrees 3-element circular array; the ideal second-order fractal is based on the first-order, along the radial direction of the basic circle and the inner side of the first-order fractal circle with a radius of R/3, a radius of (R/3)/3=R/9 The center of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle, the second-order fractal circle is on a radial radial line, and it is also a 360-degree 3-element circular array, and so on, there can be third-order, fourth-order...; The center position of the first-order fractal circle hole is moved radially outward by Δ ₁ , and it intersects and cuts with the basic circle, so that the basic circle with radius R and the first-order fractal circle with radius R/3 are "broken" and local and global are self-similar; On the basis of the ideal second-order fractal circle that is tangent to the ideal first-order fractal hole, the practical application of the second-order fractal hole moves Δ ₂ radially outward, and it intersects and cuts with the first-order fractal hole with the actual application radius of R/3. The first-order fractal hole with a radius of R/3 and a second-order fractal hole with a radius of R/9 are also "broken" and self-similar locally and globally, and so on, there can be third-order, fourth-order...; In the example of the present invention, Δ ₁ =0.11mm, Δ ₂ =0.13mm; the thickness of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm, and the material is gold.

A fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the substrate (2) is silicon dioxide with a side length of 55 mm square and a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is located on the upper surface of the substrate (2) center.

A fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the feed line (3) is located in the middle of a first-order fractal circular circular hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of the base (2), and the fractal circular patch antenna (1) Coplanar, using the coupling feeding method, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and a circular microstrip line. The center of the circle and the fractal circle patch antenna (1) are aligned with the center of the basic circle and the centers of the first-order and second-order fractal circles, and the circle of the microstrip line in the annular segment is concentric with the first-order fractal circle hole of the fractal circle patch antenna (1). , the line width of the microstrip line in the straight segment and the microstrip line in the annular segment are equal, and the line width of the microstrip line and the diameter of the annular microstrip line are calculated through simulation; The line width of the chip antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the diameter of the outer contour of the microstrip line in the ring section is 4.84mm; , the feeder (3) is made of gold.

A fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the floor (4) is gold with a side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 0.01mm, located on the lower surface of the base (2) and aligned with the base (2).

A fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention is compared with gold as the material, with a radius of R=15 mm and a thickness of 0.01 mm. A substantially complete circular patch antenna adopts the same square with a side length of 55 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The silicon dioxide substrate, the floor is gold with a thickness of 0.01mm with a side length of 55mm square, the basic circular patch antenna is located in the center of the upper surface of the substrate, the floor is located on the lower surface of the substrate and aligned with the substrate; the feeding method is coupled feeding, The feeder is located on the upper surface of the base and is coplanar with the circular patch antenna, and is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and a circular arc microstrip line. The center line of the segment microstrip line and the arc midpoint of the arc segment microstrip line are aligned with the center of the basic circular patch antenna, the arc of the circular arc segment microstrip line is concentric with the circle of the basic circular circular patch antenna, and the feeder The thickness is 0.01mm, the line width is 0.08mm, the inner radius of the arc-shaped microstrip line is 15.05mm, and the arc angle is 64.4°.

For a fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, the first-order fractal circular patch antenna in practical application is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 2.20GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -25.411825db; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna passes through The HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software simulates and calculates the resonance at 1.82GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -15.378834db; compared with the complete circular patch antenna with a reference radius of R basic circle, the resonance is calculated at 2.85GHZ by the HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software, and the S11 return loss is calculated by the HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software. It is -17.280718db; the relative reference radius of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is R=15mm. The basic circle complete circular patch antenna is equivalent to a 22.8% reduction in size, and the relative reference radius of the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is R= The 15mm basic circle complete circular patch antenna corresponds to a size reduction of 36.1%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: schematic diagram of the second-order practical application of the fractal circle patch antenna shape and the ideal second-order fractal circle shape according to the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2: schematic diagram of the first-order practical application of the fractal circle patch antenna shape and the ideal first-order fractal circle shape according to the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a base (2), a feeder (3) and a floor (4) of a first-order practical fractal circular patch antenna according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4: A schematic diagram of a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a base (2), a feeder (3) and a floor (4) of a second-order practical fractal circular patch antenna according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5: a schematic diagram of an ideal third-order fractal circle shape according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

6: Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model of the first-order practical application of the fractal circular patch antenna in the HFSS simulation software and the S11 parameter simulation result of the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7: Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model and S11 parameter simulation result of the second-order practical application of the fractal circular patch antenna in the HFSS simulation software according to the specific embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8: The specific embodiment of the present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional model and S11 parameter simulation results of a complete circular patch antenna with a complete radius of R=15mm basic circle in the HFSS simulation software;

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1-7: a fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is based on the fractal geometry theory, along the edge of a complete basic circle with a reference radius R along the diameter To dig a fractal hole, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, and n is a natural number greater than 2. In the example of the present invention, R is 15mm, and the iteration factor is 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to the inside of the basic circle. A radius is R /3 circular hole, and then a 360-degree 3-element circular array; the ideal second-order fractal is based on the first-order, along the radial direction of the basic circle and the inside of the first-order fractal circle with a radius of R/3 tangent to a radius of (R /3)/3=R/9 circular hole, the center of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle, the second-order fractal circle is on a radial radial line, and it is also a 360-degree 3-element circular array, and so on. Order...; In practical applications, the center position of the ideal first-order fractal circular hole is moved radially outward by Δ ₁ , intersecting and cutting with the basic circle, so that the basic circle with radius R and the first-order fractal circle with radius R/3" The actual application of the second-order fractal circle is based on the ideal second-order fractal circle that is tangent to the ideal first-order fractal circle and moves radially outward by Δ ₂ , and the actual application radius is R/3 The first-order fractal holes intersect and cut, so that the first-order fractal holes with a radius of R/3 and the second-order fractal holes with a radius of R/9 are also "broken" and self-similar locally and globally, and so on. There can be third-order, fourth-order...; in the example of the present invention, Δ ₁ =0.11mm, Δ ₂ =0.13mm; the fractal circular patch antenna (1) has a thickness of 0.01mm, and the material is gold.

As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6, Fig. 7: a fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the substrate (2) is silicon dioxide with a side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 1.5mm, The fractal circular patch antenna (1) is located in the center of the upper surface of the substrate (2).

As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 6, Figure 7: a fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the feeder (3) is located on the upper surface of the substrate (2) of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) The middle of a first-order fractal circular hole is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), and a coupling feeding method is adopted. The feeding line (3) is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and a circular microstrip line , the center line of the microstrip line in the straight segment, the center of the microstrip line in the circular segment, and the fractal circle patch antenna (1) The center of the basic circle and the center of the first-order and second-order fractal circles are aligned, and the circle and fractal of the microstrip line in the annular segment are aligned The first-order fractal circular holes of the circular patch antenna (1) are concentric, the line width of the microstrip line in the straight segment and the microstrip line in the circular segment are equal, and the line width of the microstrip line and the diameter of the circular microstrip line are calculated through simulation; Inventive example The thickness of the feeder (3) is 0.01mm, the line width of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the diameter of the outer contour of the circular microstrip line is 4.84mm; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) line The width is 0.07mm, the diameter of the outer contour of the microstrip line in the ring segment is 4.17mm, and the material of the feeder (3) is gold.

As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 6, Fig. 7: a fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, wherein the floor (4) is gold with a side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 0.01mm, located on the base (2) The lower surface is aligned with the base (2).

As shown in Figure 8: a fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, its comparison reference uses gold as the material, the radius is R=15mm and the thickness is 0.01mm. A square silicon dioxide substrate with a thickness of 1.5mm, the floor is gold with a thickness of 0.01mm and a square with a side length of 55mm, the basic circular patch antenna is located in the center of the upper surface of the substrate, and the floor is located on the lower surface of the substrate and aligned with the substrate; feed The method is coupling feeding. The feeding line is located on the upper surface of the substrate and the circular patch antenna is coplanar, which is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and a circular arc microstrip line. The end of the straight microstrip line and the circular arc microstrip line The midpoints of the arcs are connected, the centerline of the microstrip line in the straight segment, the midpoint of the microstrip line in the circular segment and the center of the basic circular patch antenna are aligned, and the arc of the microstrip line in the circular segment is aligned with the basic circular patch The circle of the antenna is concentric, the thickness of the feeder is 0.01mm, the width of the line is 0.08mm, the inner radius of the arc-shaped microstrip line is 15.05mm, and the angle of the arc is 64.4°.

As shown in Figure 6-Figure 8: a fractal circular patch antenna of the present invention, the first-order fractal circular patch antenna in practical application is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 2.20GHZ, and the S11 return loss is -25.411825db ;The second-order fractal circular patch antenna is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 1.82GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is -15.378834db; Compared with the complete circular patch antenna with a reference radius of R basic circle, it is simulated and calculated by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software Resonating at 2.85GHZ, the S11 return loss is -17.280718db; the relative reference radius of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is R=15mm. The relative reference radius of the patch antenna is R=15mm, and the circular patch antenna with the basic circle completeness is equivalent to a size reduction of 36.1%.

The processing method of MEMS micro-electromechanical system can be used to improve the processing accuracy.

Claims (3)

1. A fractal circular patch antenna comprises a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3) and a floor (4); the fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is in a fractal circular shape based on a fractal geometric theory, a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction on the edge of a complete basic circle with the reference radius of R, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, the example R of the fractal circular patch antenna is 15mm, and the iteration factor is 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to a circular hole with the radius of R/3 on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and then a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is formed; on the basis of ideal second-order fractal, a round hole with the radius of (R/3)/3-R/9 is tangent to the inner side of a first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 along the radial direction of a basic circle, the centers of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle and the second-order fractal circle are on a radial line, a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is also arranged, and the third order and the fourth order … can be realized by analogy; in practical application, the circle center position of the ideal first-order fractal circular hole is moved outwards along the radial direction by delta₁Cutting with the basic circle in an intersecting way to ensure that the basic circle with the radius of R and the first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 are broken and locally and integrally self-similar; practical application of second-order fractal circular hole on ideal second-order fractal circular foundation tangent to ideal first-order fractal circular holeMoving radially outward by₂Intersecting and cutting with the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 to ensure that the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 and the second-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/9 are also broken and are locally and integrally self-similar, and so on, three-order … … and four-order … … can be provided; examples of the invention Δ₁＝0.11mm，Δ₂0.13 mm; the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm thick and made of gold.

2. The fractal circular patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeder (3) is located in the middle of a first-order fractal circular hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of the substrate (2), is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), and adopts a coupling feed mode, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a section of linear microstrip line and a section of circular microstrip line, the center line of the linear microstrip line, the center of the circular microstrip line and the basic circle center of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are aligned with the center of the first-order and second-order fractal circular circles, the circle of the circular microstrip line and the first-order fractal circular hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are concentric, the line widths of the linear microstrip line and the circular microstrip line are equal, and the line width and the diameter of the circular microstrip line are calculated through simulation; the thickness of a feeder (3) of the fractal circular patch antenna is 0.01mm, the line width of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the outer contour diameter of a microstrip line at a circular ring section is 4.84 mm; the line width of the second-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder line (3) is 0.07mm, the outer contour diameter of the circular ring section microstrip line is 4.17mm, and the feeder line (3) is made of gold.

3. The fractal circular patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna has a size reduction effect with respect to a full reference substantially circular patch antenna, and the first-order fractal circular patch antenna for practical application is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software to resonate at 2.20GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-25.411825 db; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 1.82GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-15.378834 db; comparing a round patch antenna with a reference radius of R and a complete basic circle, and simulating and calculating the resonance at 2.85GHZ by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software, wherein the return loss of S11 is-17.280718 db; the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 22.8% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a complete basic circle of which the reference radius is R-15 mm, and the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 36.1% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a complete basic circle of which the reference radius is R-15 mm.

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