CN112993555B - Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna and design method thereof - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna which comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein a radiation unit, a feed unit and a grounding unit are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation unit is a fractal patch formed by at least 3 times of iteration fractal, a forming patch which is a communicating body and consists of a first sub-patch and a second sub-patch, and an etching gap is formed on the forming patch; the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit; the center position of the top edge of the grounding unit forms a rectangular groove, and the grounding unit is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the feed unit. The antenna forms a fractal structure through 3 iterations, and through the nesting of the ring and the regular hexagon, the current distribution on the radiation patch is not limited at the edge of the ring, and through cutting the middle circle of the regular hexagon and carrying out multiple iterations of the fractal structure, the propagation path of the surface current of the radiation patch is greatly increased, the resonant frequency is effectively reduced, and the physical size of the antenna is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna and a design method thereof.
Background
The Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a wireless carrier communication technology, which does not use sinusoidal carriers, but uses nanosecond-level non-sinusoidal narrow pulses to transmit data, and occupies a wide frequency spectrum, occupying a bandwidth of more than 500MHz in a frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The UWB technology has the advantages of low power consumption, secure transmission, strong interference rejection, strong multi-path resolution, and the like, so that the UWB technology attracts the interest of more and more researchers in the fields of radio frequency, circuit, system, antenna design, and the like.
Compared with other traditional wireless communication technologies (such as RFID, WIFI and the like), UWB is a novel carrier-free wireless communication technology, namely nanosecond-microsecond-level pulse transmission data is utilized without carrier modulation, and compared with the traditional narrow band and wide band, the ultra-wide band is wider, so that the ultra-wide band enables the UWB technology to achieve data transmission rate from hundreds of Mbit/s to several Gbit/s in a short-distance range, the positioning precision of a decimeter level can be achieved in positioning and ranging, and the UWB wireless communication technology is suitable for indoor complex environment high-precision positioning.
Although each performance index of the traditional UWB antenna has a wide frequency band characteristic, the practical application of the UWB technology is limited by the defects of large size, high profile and the like of the antenna. In order to meet the increasing miniaturization and portability requirements of current electronic products, the realization of the miniaturization design of the ultra-wideband antenna is a research hotspot at home and abroad at present. The unique self-similarity and space filling property of the parting structure can effectively widen the bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the size, and the method becomes a new method for designing the ultra-wideband antenna.
However, the existing ultra-wideband antenna has a large physical size and is not easy to integrate, so there is a need for an ultra-wideband antenna capable of solving the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna which is simple in structure, small in size and stable in performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein a radiation unit, a feed unit and a grounding unit are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation unit is a fractal patch formed by at least 3 times of iteration fractal, a forming patch which is composed of a first sub-patch and a second sub-patch and is a communicating body, and an etching gap is formed on the forming patch;
the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit;
the grounding unit is arranged on two sides of the feeding unit, and a rectangular groove is formed in the center of the top edge of the grounding unit.
In the technical scheme, the fractal patch is a Sierpinski fractal structure.
In the technical scheme, the fractal patch is a 3-order structure of a Sierpinski fractal structure, the 1-order structure is formed by nesting a circular ring and a regular hexagon with a cut middle circle, the 2-order structure is a combination of the 1-order structure and the reduced 1-order structure, and the 3-order structure is a combination of the 2-order structure and the reduced 2-order structure.
In the above technical scheme, the first sub-patch is circular, the circular first sub-patch is nested in the reduced 2-step structure, the second sub-patch is rectangular, and the first sub-patch is connected with the reduced 2-step structure through the second sub-patch to form the formed patch.
In the above technical solution, a gap is left between the first sub patch and the reduced 2-step structure, and the second sub patch is disposed in the gap.
In the above technical solution, the feed unit is a rectangular metal patch, the size of the feed unit is 8.6-8.8mm × 1.2-1.4mm, the feed unit is located at a center line of the dielectric substrate, and a characteristic impedance of the feed unit is 50 Ω.
In the above technical solution, the size of the grounding unit is 7.6-7.8mm by 5.4-5.6mm, the distance between each grounding unit and the feeding unit is 0.25-0.45mm, the size of the rectangular groove of the grounding unit is 2.8-3.2mm by 1.8-2.2mm, and the distances between the groove and the two side edges of the grounding unit are 0.8-1.2 mm and 1.3-1.7 mm, respectively.
The invention also aims to provide a design method of the Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing fractal for 3 times on the radiation unit by using a Sierpinski fractal method to obtain a fractal patch, and combining the fractal patch with the first sub-patch and the second sub-patch to form a formed patch of the communicating body;
(2) the structure of the grounding unit is improved and optimized, the symmetrically arranged grounding unit is rectangular, and a rectangular groove is formed in the center of the edge of the top edge of the grounding unit;
(3) and the feeding unit is connected with the bottom of the radiating unit to form a whole.
In the technical scheme, the method for performing fractal for 3 times by using the Sierpinski fractal method comprises the following steps:
(1-1) embedding a regular hexagon in the initial structure, namely a circular ring, and cutting a circle in the middle of the regular hexagon to enable the middle of the regular hexagon to have a hollow circle, so that a first iterative structure is formed;
(1-2) reducing the first iteration structure to obtain a first scaling structure, and filling the first scaling structure into a hollow circle of the first iteration structure, thereby forming a second iteration structure;
(1-3) reducing the second iteration structure to obtain a second scaling structure, and filling the second scaling structure into a hollow circle of the second iteration structure, so as to form a third iteration structure;
(1-4) embedding the circular first sub-patch into the hollow circle of the third iterative structure, wherein the circular first sub-patch and the hollow circle are concentric circles, a gap is reserved between the first sub-patch and the hollow circle of the third iterative structure, and the bottom of the first sub-patch and the third iterative structure form a forming patch of a communicating body through a rectangular second sub-patch, so that the radiation unit is obtained.
In the above technical solution, the scaling ratio of the first scaling structure and the second scaling structure in the steps (1-2) and (1-3) is 0.7-0.9.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the antenna forms a fractal structure through 3 iterations, and through the nesting of ring and regular hexagon, the current distribution on the radiation patch is not limited to the ring edge, and through cutting the middle circle of regular hexagon, and carrying out the iteration of fractal structure many times, greatly increased the propagation path of radiation patch surface current, reduced resonant frequency effectively, thereby reduced the physical size of antenna.
2. The ultra-wideband antenna formed by Sierpinski fractal has the advantages of ultra-wideband, multi-frequency work, good directivity, small standing-wave ratio and good impedance matching,
3. the fractal structure of the antenna is simple, the size is compact, the weight is light, the loss is low, and the requirement of planar design is met.
4. The problems of large size and high manufacturing cost of the UWB antenna are overcome, and the UWB antenna is suitable for being used in miniaturized equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is an initial structure diagram of a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a structure in which a groove is formed based on the wiring unit of FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of 1 iteration based on FIG. 2 b;
FIG. 2d is a schematic diagram of 2 iterations based on FIG. 2 c;
FIG. 2e is a schematic diagram of 3 iterations based on FIG. 2 d;
fig. 2f is a schematic diagram of a forming structure formed by arranging the first sub-patch and the second sub-patch in fig. 2 e;
fig. 3 is a return loss curve diagram of a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna in embodiment 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of simulation and test results of return loss of a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna in embodiment 2;
fig. 5 is a simulated radiation direction diagram of the E-plane and the H-plane of the Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna in embodiment 2 at 4.3 GHz;
fig. 6 is a simulated radiation direction diagram of the E-plane and the H-plane of the Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna in embodiment 2 at 7.5 GHz;
fig. 7 is a simulated radiation direction diagram of the E-plane and the H-plane of the Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna in embodiment 2 at 12 GHz.
In the figure:
1. radiation element 2, grounding element 3, and power feeding element
4. Dielectric substrate 5, first sub-patch 6 and second sub-patch
7. Groove
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate 4, wherein a radiation unit 1, a feed unit 3, and a ground unit 2 are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate 4 (the radiation unit 1, the feed unit 3, and the ground unit 2 are disposed on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 4 to form a coplanar waveguide structure, which has lower loss compared with the existing microstrip line feed, and is more beneficial to integration with other circuit structures);
the radiation unit 1 is a fractal patch formed by 3 times of iteration fractal, a forming patch which is a communicating body and is composed of a first sub-patch 5 and a second sub-patch 6, and an etching gap is formed on the forming patch.
Further, the fractal patch is a 3-order structure of a Sierpinski fractal structure, the 1-order structure is formed by nesting a circular ring and a regular hexagon with a cut middle circle, the 2-order structure is a combination of the 1-order structure and the reduced 1-order structure, and the 3-order structure is a combination of the 2-order structure and the reduced 2-order structure.
Further, the first sub-patch 5 is circular, the circular first sub-patch 5 is nested in the reduced 2-step structure, the second sub-patch 6 is rectangular, and the first sub-patch 5 is connected with the reduced 2-step structure through the second sub-patch 6 to form a formed patch.
Further, a gap is left between the first sub patch 5 and the reduced 2-step structure, and the second sub patch 6 is disposed in the gap.
The feed unit 3 is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit 1, the feed unit 3 is a rectangular metal patch, the size of the feed unit 3 is 8.6mm × 1.3mm, the feed unit 3 is located at the center line of the dielectric substrate 4, and the characteristic impedance of the feed unit 3 is 50 Ω.
The center position of the top edge of the grounding unit 2 forms a rectangular groove 7, and the grounding unit 2 is symmetrically arranged at two sides of the feeding unit 3.
Furthermore, the grounding unit 2 is 2 rectangular metal patches, each rectangular metal patch has a size of 7.8mm × 5.5mm, a rectangular groove 7 is formed in the center of the top edge of each metal patch, and the 2 rectangular metal patch elements are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the feeding unit 3.
Further, the size of the rectangular groove 7 is 3mm × 2mm, and the distances between the rectangular groove 7 and the two side edges of the grounding unit 2 are 1mm and 1.5mm, respectively.
Further, the distance between the rectangular metal patch of each grounding unit 2 and the feeding unit 3 is 0.35 mm.
Further, as the dielectric substrate 4, a PI (polyimide) dielectric plate having a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 is used.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 2, the method for designing a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1) performing fractal for 3 times on the radiation unit 1 by using a Sierpinski fractal method to obtain a fractal patch, and combining the fractal patch with a first sub-patch 5 and a second sub-patch 6 to form a formed patch of a communicating body;
(1-1) embedding a regular hexagon in the initial structure, namely a circular ring, and cutting a circle in the middle of the regular hexagon to enable the middle of the regular hexagon to have a hollow circle, so that a first iterative structure is formed; wherein, the outer circle radius of the ring of the initial structure is 6mm, the inner circle radius is 5.5mm, and the circle radius cut in the middle of the regular hexagon is 4.8 mm;
(1-2) reducing the first iteration structure to obtain a first scaling structure, and filling the first scaling structure into a hollow circle of the first iteration structure, thereby forming a second iteration structure, wherein the reduction ratio of the first scaling structure is 0.8;
(1-3) reducing the second iteration structure to obtain a second scaling structure, and filling the second scaling structure into a hollow circle of the second iteration structure to form a third iteration structure, wherein the reduction ratio of the second scaling structure is 0.8;
(1-4) embedding the circular first sub-patch 5 in the hollow circle of the third iterative structure, wherein the circular first sub-patch 5 and the hollow circle are concentric circles, the radius of the first sub-patch 5 is 2.8mm, a gap is reserved between the first sub-patch 5 and the hollow circle of the third iterative structure, the gap is 0.2mm, the bottom of the first sub-patch 5 forms a forming patch of a communicating body with the third iterative structure through the rectangular second sub-patch 6, and therefore the radiation unit 1 is obtained, and the size of the rectangular second sub-patch 6 is 0.6mm x 0.3 mm.
(2) The structure of the grounding unit 2 is improved and optimized, the 2 symmetrically arranged grounding patches are rectangular, and a rectangular groove 7 is formed in the center of the edge of the top edge of each grounding patch;
(3) the feeding unit 3 is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit 1 to form a whole.
In order to further illustrate the good performance of the ultra-wideband antenna, the invention is modeled and simulated by using an electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.
As shown in FIG. 3, the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention has a return loss of less than-10 dB in the frequency band range of 3.1GHz-14GHz, reaching the ultra-wideband frequency band range.
In order to further explain the effect of the fractal structure on the antenna design, the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS is utilized to carry out modeling simulation on the invention to obtain the step-by-step return loss, and as can be seen from the figure, the higher the antenna impedance matching is with the increase of the iteration times, the performance requirement of the ultra-wideband antenna can be met.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the radiation patterns of the ultra-wideband antenna are at 4.3GHz, 7.5GHz, and 12 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 5 to 7, at 4.3GHz, 7.5GHz, and 12GHz, the E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", and the H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, exhibiting omnidirectional radiation characteristics, which indicates that the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention has better omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the entire passband frequency band.
The ultra-wideband antenna of the invention has the bandwidth reaching 3.1GHz-14GHz, the working bandwidth covering the ultra-wideband frequency range of 3.1-10.6GHz, and the ultra-wideband antenna has the omnidirectional radiation characteristic in the passband frequency range.
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 4 of the present invention has a size of 20.8mm by 13mm by 0.025mm, has a compact structure, and is suitable for integration in a UWB device.
In the published literature: the Fractal ultra-wideband Antenna mentioned in Dinesh V, Murugesan G.A CPW-Fed Hexagonal Antenna With Fractal Elements For UWB Applications [ J ]. appl.Math,2019,13(1):73-79 realizes a frequency band bandwidth of 1.7GHz-11GHz, and has a size of 25mm 1.588mm, although the Fractal ultra-wideband Antenna reaches the range of the ultra-wideband frequency band, the physical size is larger, and the Fractal ultra-wideband Antenna is not beneficial to the integration of the Antenna.
The patent with the application number of 201910424911.X provides a Sierpinski fractal ultra-wideband antenna, the antenna adopts a second-order fractal structure as a radiation patch, the overall size of the antenna is 25mm 18mm 1.6mm, the frequency band range of 3.6-19.3GHz is realized, although the size is reduced by a little compared with the former, the physical size is still larger, and the radiation pattern E surface of the antenna at high frequency is not smooth.
Compared with the 2-fractal ultra-wideband antenna disclosed above, the size of the antenna is 20.8mm 13mm 0.025mm, the size is smaller, the E surface can be in a smooth 8 shape in a high-frequency radiation pattern, and the H surface is not in a smooth circle.
By analogy, the antenna with more than three iterations can be obtained. The invention optimizes the impedance matching of the high-frequency part of the antenna by increasing the iteration times and increases the bandwidth. In this embodiment only 3 iterations of the embodiment are given.
Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used in the embodiments for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "lower" can encompass both an upper and a lower orientation. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a kind Sierpinski fractal ultra wide band antenna, includes the dielectric substrate, its characterized in that: a radiation unit, a feed unit and a grounding unit are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation unit is a fractal patch formed by at least 3 times of iteration fractal, a forming patch which is composed of a first sub-patch and a second sub-patch and is a communicating body, and an etching gap is formed on the forming patch;
the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit;
the grounding unit is arranged on two sides of the feed unit, and a rectangular groove is formed in the center of the edge of the top edge of the grounding unit;
wherein the fractal patch is a Sierpinski fractal structure;
the fractal patch is a 3-order structure of a Sierpinski fractal structure, the 1-order structure is formed by nesting a circular ring and a regular hexagon with a cut middle circle, the 2-order structure is a combination of the 1-order structure and the reduced 1-order structure, and the 3-order structure is a combination of the 2-order structure and the reduced 2-order structure;
the first sub-patch is circular, the circular first sub-patch is nested in the reduced 2-order structure, the second sub-patch is rectangular, and the first sub-patch is connected with the reduced 2-order structure through the second sub-patch to form a formed patch;
and a gap is reserved between the first sub-patch and the reduced 2-step structure, and the second sub-patch is arranged in the gap.
2. The Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, characterized in that: the feed unit is a rectangular metal patch, the size of the feed unit is 8.6-8.8mm x 1.2-1.4mm, the feed unit is located at the center line of the dielectric substrate, and the characteristic impedance of the feed unit is 50 omega.
3. The Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, characterized in that: the size of the grounding unit is 7.6-7.8mm x 5.4-5.6mm, the distance between each grounding unit and the feed unit is 0.25-0.45mm, the size of the rectangular groove of the grounding unit is 2.8-3.2mm x 1.8-2.2mm, and the distances between the groove and the two side edges of the grounding unit are 0.8-1.2 mm and 1.3-1.7 mm respectively.
4. A method for designing a Sierpinski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna as claimed in claim 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) performing fractal for 3 times by using a Sierpinski fractal method to obtain a fractal patch, and combining the fractal patch with a first sub-patch and a second sub-patch to form a formed patch of a communicating body;
(2) the structure of the grounding unit is improved and optimized, the symmetrically arranged grounding unit is rectangular, and a rectangular groove is formed in the center of the edge of the top edge of the grounding unit;
(3) and the feeding unit is connected with the bottom of the radiating unit to form a whole.
5. The design method according to claim 4, wherein: the Sierpinski fractal method for carrying out fractal 3 times comprises the following steps:
(1-1) embedding a regular hexagon in the initial structure, namely a circular ring, and cutting a circle in the middle of the regular hexagon to enable the middle of the regular hexagon to have a hollow circle, so that a first iterative structure is formed;
(1-2) reducing the first iteration structure to obtain a first scaling structure, and filling the first scaling structure into a hollow circle of the first iteration structure, thereby forming a second iteration structure;
(1-3) reducing the second iteration structure to obtain a second scaling structure, and filling the second scaling structure into a hollow circle of the second iteration structure, so as to form a third iteration structure;
(1-4) embedding the circular first sub-patch into the hollow circle of the third iterative structure, wherein the circular first sub-patch and the hollow circle are concentric circles, a gap is reserved between the first sub-patch and the hollow circle of the third iterative structure, and the bottom of the first sub-patch and the third iterative structure form a forming patch of a communicating body through a rectangular second sub-patch, so that the radiation unit is obtained.
6. The design method according to claim 5, wherein: the scaling ratio of the first scaling structure and the second scaling structure in the steps (1-2) and (1-3) is 0.7-0.9.
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| CN114284708B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2024-09-03 | 南京理工大学 | Minkowski-based annular metamaterial fractal super-surface composite antenna |
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