CN113036408B - Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna and design method thereof - Google Patents

Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna and design method thereof Download PDF

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CN113036408B
CN113036408B CN201911358746.9A CN201911358746A CN113036408B CN 113036408 B CN113036408 B CN 113036408B CN 201911358746 A CN201911358746 A CN 201911358746A CN 113036408 B CN113036408 B CN 113036408B
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fractal
unit
minkowski
primary
patch
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CN113036408A (en
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邹强
姜时雨
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Tianjin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H01Q5/25—Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systems; Pulse systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

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Abstract

The invention discloses a quasi-Minkowski fractal ultra-wideband antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein a radiation unit, a feed unit and a grounding unit are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation unit is a fractal patch formed by fractal iteration for at least 3 times; the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit to form a whole; the grounding unit comprises 2 grounding plates, the 2 grounding plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the feed unit, and a rectangular groove is formed in the edge, close to the dielectric substrate, of the bottom of one grounding plate. The antenna forms a Minkowski fractal structure through 3 times of iterative fractal, so that the propagation path of the surface current of the radiation patch is greatly increased, the resonant frequency is effectively reduced, and the physical size of the antenna is reduced.

Description

Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna and design method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna and a design method thereof.
Background
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) is a wireless carrier communication technology, which does not use sinusoidal carriers, but uses nanosecond-level non-sinusoidal narrow pulses to transmit data, and occupies a wide frequency spectrum, occupying a bandwidth of more than 500MHz in a frequency band of 3.1GHz-10.6 GHz. The UWB technology has the characteristics of low power consumption, safe transmission, strong anti-interference capability, strong multi-path resolution capability, and the like, so that the UWB technology attracts more and more researchers' interests in the fields of radio frequency, circuit, system, antenna design, and the like.
Compared with other traditional wireless communication technologies (such as RFID, WIFI and the like), UWB is a novel carrier-free wireless communication technology, namely, carrier modulation is not needed, nanosecond-microsecond-level pulses are used for transmitting data, and compared with traditional narrow bands and wide bands, the ultra-wide band is wider, so that the ultra-wide band enables the UWB technology to achieve data transmission rate from hundreds of Mbit/s to several Gbit/s in a short distance range, the positioning precision of a decimeter level can be achieved in positioning and ranging, and the UWB wireless communication technology is suitable for indoor complex environment high-precision positioning.
Although each performance index of the traditional UWB antenna has a wide frequency band characteristic, the practical application of the UWB technology is limited by the defects of large size, high profile and the like of the antenna. In order to meet the increasing miniaturization and portability requirements of current electronic products, the realization of the miniaturization design of the ultra-wideband antenna is a research hotspot at home and abroad at present. The unique self-similarity and space filling property of the fractal structure can effectively widen the bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the size, and the method becomes a new method for designing the ultra-wideband antenna.
However, the existing ultra-wideband antenna has a large physical size and is not easy to integrate, so there is a need for an ultra-wideband antenna capable of solving the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Minkowski fractal ultra-wideband antenna which is simple in structure, simple to operate, small in size and stable in performance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein a radiation unit, a feed unit and a grounding unit are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation unit is a fractal patch formed by fractal iteration for at least 3 times;
the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit to form a whole;
the grounding unit comprises 2 grounding plates, the 2 grounding plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the feed unit, and a rectangular groove is formed in the edge, close to the dielectric substrate, of the bottom of one grounding plate.
In the above technical scheme, the fractal patch is a Minkowski fractal structure.
In the technical scheme, the fractal patch is a 3-order structure of a Minkowski fractal structure, the 1-order structure is a primary cross-shaped patch formed by cutting off first rectangles with the same area at four corners of a rectangular initial patch, the primary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular primary fractal units and 1 primary central unit, and the 4 primary fractal units are arranged at the outer edge of the primary central unit and extend outwards; the 2-order structure is based on the 1-order structure, the 4 primary fractal units cut off second rectangles with the same area at four corners of each primary fractal unit by adopting the same cutting method to form 4 secondary cross-shaped patches, and each secondary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular secondary fractal units and 1 secondary central unit; the 3-order structure is based on the 2-order structure, 16 secondary fractal units of 4 secondary cross-shaped patches cut third rectangles with the same area at four corners of each secondary fractal unit by adopting the same cutting method to form 16 tertiary cross-shaped patches, and each tertiary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular tertiary fractal units and 1 tertiary central unit.
In the above technical solution, the power feeding unit is located in the middle of the dielectric substrate.
In the technical scheme, the feed unit is trapezoidal, the length of the top edge of the feed unit is 1mm-1.2mm, the length of the bottom edge of the feed unit is 1.4mm-1.6mm, and the height of the feed unit is 6.5mm-7.5 mm.
In the technical scheme, the grounding plate is trapezoidal, the length of the top edge of the grounding plate is 3.8mm-4mm, the length of the bottom edge of the grounding plate is 4mm-4.2mm, and the height of the grounding plate is 6.2mm-7 mm.
In the above technical solution, the rectangular groove of the ground plate has a length of 0.5mm to 1.5mm and a width of 0.2mm x 0.5 mm.
In the above technical solution, the dielectric substrate is a polyimide dielectric plate, and the size of the dielectric substrate is 16mm by 10mm by 0.025 mm.
The invention also aims to provide a design method of the Minkowski fractal ultra-wideband antenna, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing iterative fractal for 3 times on the radiation unit by using a Minkowski fractal method to obtain a fractal patch;
(2) the structure of the grounding unit is improved and optimized, 2 symmetrically arranged grounding plates are trapezoidal, and the bottom of one grounding plate is provided with a rectangular groove;
(3) the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit to form a whole.
In the above technical solution, the fractal method of Minkowski for 3 times includes the following steps:
(1-1) respectively cutting off first rectangles with the same area at four corners of a rectangular patch in the initial structure to form a primary cross-shaped patch consisting of 4 rectangular primary fractal units and 1 primary central unit, thereby forming a primary iterative structure;
(1-2) on the basis of the first iteration structure, cutting off second rectangles with the same area at four corners of 4 outward-extending primary fractal units in the same mode to form 4 secondary cross-shaped patches, wherein each secondary cross-shaped patch comprises 4 secondary fractal units and 1 secondary central unit, so that a second iteration structure is formed;
(1-3) on the basis of the second iteration structure, cutting off a third rectangle with the same area at four corners of 16 secondary fractal units extending outwards of 4 secondary cross-shaped patches in the same mode to form 16 tertiary cross-shaped patches, wherein each tertiary cross-shaped patch comprises 4 tertiary fractal units and 1 tertiary central unit, so that a third iteration structure is formed.
In the above technical solution, the area ratio of the first rectangle to the initial rectangle in the step (1-1) is 0.05 to 0.15, the area ratio of the second rectangle to the first fractal unit in the step (1-2) is 0.05 to 0.15, and the area ratio of the third rectangle to the second fractal unit in the step (1-3) is 0.05 to 0.15.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the antenna forms a Minkowski fractal structure through 3 times of iterative fractal, so that the propagation path of the surface current of the radiation patch is greatly increased, the resonant frequency is effectively reduced, and the physical size of the antenna is reduced.
2. The ultra-wideband antenna formed by Minkowski fractal has the advantages of ultra-wideband, multi-frequency operation, good directivity, small standing-wave ratio and good impedance matching,
3. the fractal structure of the antenna is simple, the size is compact, the weight is light, the loss is low, and the requirement of planar design is met.
4. The problems of large size and high manufacturing cost of the UWB antenna are overcome, and the UWB antenna is suitable for being used in miniaturized equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of an initial structure of a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of one iteration based on FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of a second iteration based on FIG. 2 b;
FIG. 2d is a schematic diagram of three iterations based on FIG. 2 c;
FIG. 2e is a schematic diagram of a structure of forming a groove based on the grounding unit of FIG. 2 d;
FIG. 2f is a forming diagram of a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna based on FIG. 2 e;
FIG. 3 is a graph of return loss of a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a simulated return loss plot for a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of example 2;
FIG. 5 is simulated radiation patterns of an E surface and an H surface of a quasi-Minkowski fractal ultra-wideband antenna in example 2 at 5 GHz;
FIG. 6 is simulated radiation patterns of an E surface and an H surface of a quasi-Minkowski fractal ultra-wideband antenna in the embodiment 2 at 7.5 GHz;
fig. 7 is simulated radiation patterns of an E surface and an H surface of the Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna in the embodiment 2 at 10 GHz.
In the figure:
1. radiating element 2, ground plate 3, and power feeding element
4. Groove 5 and dielectric substrate
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, wherein a radiation unit, a feed unit and a ground unit are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation unit is a fractal patch formed by fractal iteration for at least 3 times;
the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit to form a whole, and the feed unit is positioned in the middle of the dielectric substrate;
the grounding unit comprises 2 grounding plates, the 2 grounding plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the feed unit, and a rectangular groove is formed in the edge, close to the dielectric substrate, of the bottom of one grounding plate.
Further, the fractal patch is of a Minkowski fractal structure; the fractal patch is a 3-order structure of a Minkowski fractal structure, the 1-order structure is a primary cross-shaped patch formed by cutting rectangles with the same area at four corners of a rectangular initial patch, the primary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular primary fractal units and 1 primary central unit, and the 4 primary fractal units are arranged at the outer edge of the primary central unit and extend outwards; the 2-order structure is based on the 1-order structure, the four corners of each primary fractal unit are cut into rectangles with the same area by the 4 primary fractal units by adopting the same cutting method, so that 4 secondary cross-shaped patches are formed, and each secondary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular secondary fractal units and 1 secondary central unit; the 3-order structure is based on the 2-order structure, 16 secondary fractal units of 4 secondary cross-shaped patches cut rectangles with the same area at four corners of each secondary fractal unit by adopting the same cutting method to form 16 tertiary cross-shaped patches, and each tertiary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular tertiary fractal units and 1 tertiary central unit.
Furthermore, the feed unit is trapezoidal, the length of the top edge of the feed unit is 1.1mm, the length of the bottom edge of the feed unit is 1.5mm, and the height of the feed unit is 7 mm.
Further, the grounding plate is trapezoidal, the length of the top edge of the grounding plate is 3.9mm, the length of the bottom edge of the grounding plate is 4.1mm, and the height of the grounding plate is 6.6 mm.
Further, the rectangular groove of the grounding plate has a length of 1mm and a width of 0.35 mm.
Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is a Polyimide (PI) dielectric plate, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 3.5, and the size of the dielectric substrate is 16mm by 10mm by 0.025 mm.
The dielectric substrate has the size of 16mm 10mm 0.025mm, has a compact structure, and is suitable for being integrated in a UWB device.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2a-2f, the design method of a Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) performing iterative fractal for 3 times on the radiation unit by using a Minkowski fractal method to obtain a fractal patch;
(1-1) cutting first rectangles with the same area at four corners of a rectangular patch in the initial structure respectively to form a primary cross-shaped patch consisting of 4 primary fractal units and 1 primary central unit, so as to form a primary iterative structure, wherein the rectangular patch in the initial structure has a size of 10mm x 9mm, and the first rectangles with the same area are cut and have a size of 3.14mm x 2.83 mm;
(1-2) cutting a second rectangle with the same area at four corners of 4 outwardly-extending primary fractal units in the same way on the basis of the first iterative structure to form 4 secondary cross-shaped patches, wherein each secondary cross-shaped patch comprises 4 secondary fractal units and 1 secondary central unit, so as to form a second iterative structure, and the size of the second rectangle with the same area cut off is 0.99mm x 0.89 mm;
(1-3) on the basis of the second iteration structure, 4 outwardly extending 16 of the quadratic cruciform patch
And cutting off third rectangles with the same area at four corners of the secondary fractal units in the same mode to form 16 tertiary cross-shaped patches, wherein each tertiary cross-shaped patch comprises 4 tertiary fractal units and 1 tertiary central unit, so that a third iteration structure is formed, and the size of each third rectangle with the same area is cut off is 0.31mm x 0.28 mm.
(2) The structure of the grounding unit is improved and optimized, 2 symmetrically arranged grounding plates are trapezoidal, and the bottom of one grounding plate is provided with a rectangular groove;
(3) the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit to form a whole.
The method for performing fractal 3 times by using Minkowski fractal method comprises the following steps:
to further illustrate the good performance of the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention, the present invention was modeled and simulated using the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS.
As shown in FIG. 3, the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention has a return loss of less than-10 dB in the band range of 3.7GHz-12.2GHz, reaching the ultra-wideband band range.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to further illustrate the effect of the quasi-Minkowski fractal structure on antenna design, it is seen from fig. 4 that as the number of iterations increases, the impedance matching of the designed ultra-wideband antenna becomes better and better, and the performance requirement of the ultra-wideband antenna can be met.
By analogy, the antenna with more than 3 iteration times can be obtained. The invention optimizes the impedance matching of the high-frequency part of the antenna by increasing the iteration times and increases the bandwidth. In the present embodiment, only the embodiment after 3 iterations is given.
Further, the antenna 1 in fig. 4 is shown in fig. 2a, the antenna 2 is shown in fig. 2b, the antenna 3 is shown in fig. 2c, the antenna 4 is shown in fig. 2d, the antenna 5 is shown in fig. 2e, and the antenna 6 is shown in fig. 2 f.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the E-plane pattern of an ultra-wideband antenna at 5GHz, 7.5GHz, and 10 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 5 to 7, at 5GHz, 7.5GHz, and 10GHz, the E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", the H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and exhibits omnidirectional radiation characteristics, which indicates that the Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention has better omnidirectional radiation characteristics in the whole passband frequency band.
The ultra-wideband antenna has the bandwidth reaching 3.7GHz-12.2GHz, the working bandwidth meets the definition bandwidth of ultra-wideband, and the ultra-wideband antenna has the omnidirectional radiation characteristic in the passband frequency band.
Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like, may be used in the embodiments for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatial terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" other elements or features would then be oriented "below" the other elements or features
"upper". Thus, the exemplary term "lower" can encompass both an upper and a lower orientation. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
Moreover, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of Minkowski fractal ultra wide band antenna, characterized by: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein a radiation unit, a feed unit and a grounding unit are attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate;
the radiation unit is a fractal patch formed by fractal iteration for at least 3 times;
the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit to form a whole;
the grounding unit comprises 2 grounding plates, the 2 grounding plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the feed unit, and a rectangular groove is formed in the edge, close to the dielectric substrate, of the bottom of one grounding plate;
wherein, the fractal patch is a Minkowski fractal structure;
the fractal patch is a 3-order structure of a Minkowski fractal structure, the 1-order structure is a primary cross-shaped patch formed by cutting off first rectangles with the same area at four corners of a rectangular initial patch and consisting of 4 rectangular primary fractal units and 1 primary central unit, and the 4 primary fractal units are arranged at the outer edge of the primary central unit and extend outwards; the 2-order structure is based on the 1-order structure, the 4 primary fractal units cut off second rectangles with the same area at four corners of each primary fractal unit by adopting the same cutting method to form 4 secondary cross-shaped patches, and each secondary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular secondary fractal units and 1 secondary central unit; the 3-order structure is based on the 2-order structure, 16 secondary fractal units of 4 secondary cross-shaped patches cut third rectangles with the same area at four corners of each secondary fractal unit by adopting the same cutting method to form 16 tertiary cross-shaped patches, and each tertiary cross-shaped patch consists of 4 rectangular tertiary fractal units and 1 tertiary central unit.
2. The Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feeding unit is located in the middle of the dielectric substrate.
3. The Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of claim 2, wherein: the power feeding unit is trapezoidal, the length of the top edge of the power feeding unit is 1mm-1.2mm, the length of the bottom edge of the power feeding unit is 1.4mm-1.6mm, and the height of the power feeding unit is 6.5mm-7.5 mm.
4. The Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of claim 3, wherein: the grounding plate is trapezoidal, the length of the top edge of the grounding plate is 3.8mm-4mm, the length of the bottom edge of the grounding plate is 4mm-4.2mm, and the height of the grounding plate is 6.2mm-7 mm.
5. The Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of claim 4, wherein: the rectangular grooves of the grounding plate have the length of 0.5mm-1.5mm and the width of 0.2mm x 0.5 mm.
6. The Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna of claim 5, wherein: the dielectric substrate is a polyimide dielectric plate, and the size of the dielectric substrate is 16mm 10mm 0.025 mm.
7. The design method of the quasi-Minkowski fractal ultra-wideband antenna based on claim 6 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) performing iterative fractal for 3 times on the radiation unit by using a Minkowski fractal method to obtain a fractal patch;
(2) the structure of the grounding unit is improved and optimized, 2 symmetrically arranged grounding plates are trapezoidal, and the bottom of one grounding plate is provided with a rectangular groove;
(3) the feed unit is connected with the bottom of the radiation unit to form a whole.
8. The design method according to claim 7, wherein: the method for performing fractal 3 times by using Minkowski fractal method comprises the following steps:
(1-1) respectively cutting off first rectangles with the same area at four corners of a rectangular patch in the initial structure to form a primary cross-shaped patch consisting of 4 rectangular primary fractal units and 1 primary central unit, thereby forming a primary iterative structure;
(1-2) on the basis of the first iteration structure, cutting off second rectangles with the same area at four corners of 4 outward-extending primary fractal units in the same mode to form 4 secondary cross-shaped patches, wherein each secondary cross-shaped patch comprises 4 secondary fractal units and 1 secondary central unit, so that a second iteration structure is formed;
(1-3) on the basis of the second iteration structure, cutting off a third rectangle with the same area at four corners of 16 secondary fractal units extending outwards of 4 secondary cross-shaped patches in the same mode to form 16 tertiary cross-shaped patches, wherein each tertiary cross-shaped patch comprises 4 tertiary fractal units and 1 tertiary central unit to form a third iteration structure, and thus the fractal patches are formed.
CN201911358746.9A 2019-12-25 2019-12-25 Minkowski-like fractal ultra-wideband antenna and design method thereof Active CN113036408B (en)

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WO2007015583A1 (en) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-08 Yokowo Co., Ltd. Broad band antenna
CN1805213A (en) * 2005-12-08 2006-07-19 上海交通大学 Coplane waveguide feed ultra wideband fractal antenna
CN101383447A (en) * 2008-10-21 2009-03-11 厦门大学 Rectangular wide slit Minkowski split antenna for RFID system
CN106067596A (en) * 2016-05-23 2016-11-02 重庆邮电大学 Miniaturization broadband medium resonator antenna based on coplanar wave guide feedback

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