CN112038775B - Fractal circular patch antenna - Google Patents

Fractal circular patch antenna Download PDF

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CN112038775B
CN112038775B CN202010867224.8A CN202010867224A CN112038775B CN 112038775 B CN112038775 B CN 112038775B CN 202010867224 A CN202010867224 A CN 202010867224A CN 112038775 B CN112038775 B CN 112038775B
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fractal
order
patch antenna
circle
radius
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CN112038775A (en
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陈永忠
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

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Abstract

The invention discloses a fractal circular patch antenna, which comprises a fractal circular patch antenna, a substrate, a feeder line and a floor, wherein the substrate is provided with a substrate; the fractal circular patch antenna is a fractal circular shape based on a fractal geometric theory, a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction at the edge of a basic circle, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is>2, inventive example n ═ 3; the ideal first-order fractal is a circular hole with the radius of R/3 and tangent to a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and the second-order fractal is a circular hole with the radius of R/9 and tangent to the inner side of the circular hole of the first-order fractal circle on the basis of the first order, and a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array; in practical application, the circle centers of the first-order fractal circular hole and the second-order fractal circular hole respectively move delta outwards along the radial direction1、Δ2(ii) a The feed line is formed by connecting a straight line and a ring microstrip line in a coupling feed mode, the ring microstrip line section is concentric with the first-order fractal circular hole, and delta in the example1＝0.11mm，Δ2＝0.13mm。

Description

Fractal circular patch antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to a patch antenna, in particular to a fractal circular patch antenna.
Background
The patch antenna is widely used in the field of communications, is an antenna with a small profile and easy to conform, but for a low frequency band below a radio frequency band, such as an L-band, a plane size is large, and it is often desired that the plane size is more miniaturized.
A circular antenna is often used in a patch antenna, and a circular antenna of a low frequency band such as an L-band also has a problem of a relatively large planar size.
There is a method of miniaturization using a fractal approach for a square patch antenna, but there is a few fractal methods for a circle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fractal circular patch antenna to solve the problem of miniaturization of the conventional circular patch antenna.
Therefore, the invention provides a fractal circular patch antenna which comprises a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3), a floor (4) and the like.
The fractal circular patch antenna (1) is characterized in that fractal circular holes are dug along the radial direction on the edge of a complete basic circle with the reference radius R according to a fractal geometric theory, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, the fractal iteration factor R is 15mm, and the fractal circular patch antenna is overlappedSubstitution factor 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to a circular hole with the radius of R/3 on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and then a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is formed; on the basis of ideal second-order fractal, a round hole with the radius of (R/3)/3-R/9 is tangent to the inner side of a first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 along the radial direction of a basic circle, the centers of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle and the second-order fractal circle are on a radial line, a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is also arranged, and the third order and the fourth order … can be realized by analogy; in practical application, the circle center position of the ideal first-order fractal circular hole is moved outwards along the radial direction by delta1Cutting with the basic circle in an intersecting way to ensure that the basic circle with the radius of R and the first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 are broken and locally and integrally self-similar; in practical application, the second-order fractal circular hole moves by delta outwards along the radial direction on the basis of the ideal second-order fractal circular hole tangent to the ideal first-order fractal circular hole2Intersecting and cutting with the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 to ensure that the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 and the second-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/9 are also broken and are locally and integrally self-similar, and so on, three-order … … and four-order … … can be provided; examples of the invention Δ1＝0.11mm，Δ20.13 mm; the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm thick and made of gold.
The fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the substrate (2) is silicon dioxide with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 1.5mm, and the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is positioned in the center of the upper surface of the substrate (2).
The invention relates to a fractal circular patch antenna, wherein a feeder (3) is positioned in the middle of a first-order fractal circular round hole of a fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of a substrate (2) and is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), a coupling feed mode is adopted, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a section of linear microstrip line and a section of circular microstrip line, the center line of the linear microstrip line, the center of a circle of a circular microstrip line and the center of a basic circle of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are aligned with the centers of first-order and second-order fractal circular circles, the circle of the circular microstrip line and the first-order fractal circular round hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are concentric, the line widths of the linear microstrip line and the circular microstrip line are equal, and the line width and the diameter of the circular microstrip line are calculated through simulation; the thickness of a feeder (3) of the fractal circular patch antenna is 0.01mm, the line width of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the outer contour diameter of a microstrip line at a circular ring section is 4.84 mm; the line width of the second-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder line (3) is 0.07mm, the outer contour diameter of the circular ring section microstrip line is 4.17mm, and the feeder line (3) is made of gold.
The fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the floor (4) is gold with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 0.01mm, and is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate (2) and aligned with the substrate (2).
According to the fractal circular patch antenna, the comparison reference is that gold is used as a material, a round patch antenna with a radius of 15mm and a thickness of 0.01mm and a complete basic circle is a silicon dioxide substrate with the same side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 1.5mm, a floor is made of gold with a side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 0.01mm, the basic circular patch antenna is positioned at the center of the upper surface of the substrate, and the floor is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate and aligned with the substrate; the feed mode is coupled feed, a feed line is positioned on the upper surface of the base and is coplanar with the circular patch antenna and is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and an arc microstrip line, the tail end of the straight microstrip line is connected with the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment, the center line of the straight microstrip line, the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment are aligned with the circle center of the basic circular patch antenna, the arc of the arc microstrip line is concentric with the circle of the basic circular patch antenna, the thickness of the feed line is 0.01mm, the line width is 0.08mm, the radius of the inner side of the arc microstrip line is 15.05mm, and the arc included angle is 64.4 degrees.
According to the fractal circular patch antenna, a first-order fractal circular patch antenna applied in practice is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 2.20GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-25.411825 db; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 1.82GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-15.378834 db; comparing a round patch antenna with a reference radius of R and a complete basic circle, and simulating and calculating the resonance at 2.85GHZ by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software, wherein the return loss of S11 is-17.280718 db; the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 22.8% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius, and the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 36.1% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the second-order practical application fractal circle patch antenna of the specific embodiment of the invention and an ideal second-order fractal circle shape schematic diagram;
FIG. 2: the first-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna and the ideal first-order fractal circular shape are schematically shown in the specific embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3: the first-order practical application of the fractal circular patch antenna is schematically illustrated by a fractal circular patch antenna (1), a substrate (2), a feeder (3) and a floor (4);
FIG. 4: the fractal circular patch antenna (1), the substrate (2), the feeder (3) and the floor (4) of the second-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna in the specific embodiment of the invention are schematically illustrated;
FIG. 5: the schematic diagram of the ideal third-order fractal circle of the specific embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6: the first-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna in the HFSS simulation software has a three-dimensional model and an S11 parameter simulation result schematic diagram;
FIG. 7: the two-order practical application fractal circular patch antenna in the HFSS simulation software of the specific embodiment of the invention has a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model and an S11 parameter simulation result;
FIG. 8: in the specific embodiment of the invention, the comparison refers to a three-dimensional model of a complete circular patch antenna with a complete radius of R-15 mm in HFSS simulation software and a schematic diagram of S11 parameter simulation results;
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-7: according to the fractal circular patch antenna, the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is characterized in that a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction on the edge of a complete basic circle with the reference radius R according to a fractal geometric theory, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, the fractal iteration factor R is 15mm, and the iteration factor is 1/3; the ideal first-order fractal is tangent to a circular hole with the radius of R/3 on the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, and then a 360-degree 3-unit circumferential array is formed; the ideal second-order fractal is based on the first order and is along the radial direction of the basic circleA circular hole with the radius (R/3)/3-R/9 is tangent to the inner side of a first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3, the centers of a basic circle, the first-order fractal circle and the second-order fractal circle are on a radial line, a 360-degree 3-unit circumference array is also arranged, and the third order and the fourth order … can be realized by analogy; in practical application, the circle center position of the ideal first-order fractal circular hole is moved outwards along the radial direction by delta1Cutting with the basic circle in an intersecting way to ensure that the basic circle with the radius of R and the first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/3 are broken and locally and integrally self-similar; in practical application, the second-order fractal circular hole moves by delta outwards along the radial direction on the basis of the ideal second-order fractal circular hole tangent to the ideal first-order fractal circular hole2Intersecting and cutting with the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 to ensure that the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/3 and the second-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/9 are also broken and are locally and integrally self-similar, and so on, three-order … … and four-order … … can be provided; examples of the invention Δ1＝0.11mm，Δ20.13 mm; the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is 0.01mm thick and made of gold.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 6, and 7: the fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the substrate (2) is silicon dioxide with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 1.5mm, and the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is positioned in the center of the upper surface of the substrate (2).
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 6, and 7: the invention relates to a fractal circular patch antenna, wherein a feeder (3) is positioned in the middle of a first-order fractal circular round hole of a fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of a substrate (2) and is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), a coupling feed mode is adopted, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a section of linear microstrip line and a section of circular microstrip line, the center line of the linear microstrip line, the center of a circle of a circular microstrip line and the center of a basic circle of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are aligned with the centers of first-order and second-order fractal circular circles, the circle of the circular microstrip line and the first-order fractal circular round hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are concentric, the line widths of the linear microstrip line and the circular microstrip line are equal, and the line width and the diameter of the circular microstrip line are calculated through simulation; the thickness of a feeder (3) of the fractal circular patch antenna is 0.01mm, the line width of the first-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder (3) is 0.05mm, and the outer contour diameter of a microstrip line at a circular ring section is 4.84 mm; the line width of the second-order fractal circular patch antenna feeder line (3) is 0.07mm, the outer contour diameter of the circular ring section microstrip line is 4.17mm, and the feeder line (3) is made of gold.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, 6, and 7: the fractal circular patch antenna is characterized in that the floor (4) is gold with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 0.01mm, and is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate (2) and aligned with the substrate (2).
As shown in fig. 8: according to the fractal circular patch antenna, the comparison reference is that gold is used as a material, a round patch antenna with a radius of 15mm and a thickness of 0.01mm and a complete basic circle is a silicon dioxide substrate with the same side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 1.5mm, a floor is made of gold with a side length of 55mm square and a thickness of 0.01mm, the basic circular patch antenna is positioned at the center of the upper surface of the substrate, and the floor is positioned on the lower surface of the substrate and aligned with the substrate; the feed mode is coupled feed, a feed line is positioned on the upper surface of the base and is coplanar with the circular patch antenna and is formed by connecting a straight microstrip line and an arc microstrip line, the tail end of the straight microstrip line is connected with the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment, the center line of the straight microstrip line, the arc midpoint of the arc microstrip line of the circular segment are aligned with the circle center of the basic circular patch antenna, the arc of the arc microstrip line is concentric with the circle of the basic circular patch antenna, the thickness of the feed line is 0.01mm, the line width is 0.08mm, the radius of the inner side of the arc microstrip line is 15.05mm, and the arc included angle is 64.4 degrees.
As shown in fig. 6-8: according to the fractal circular patch antenna, a first-order fractal circular patch antenna applied in practice is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 2.20GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-25.411825 db; the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonates at 1.82GHZ, and the return loss of S11 is-15.378834 db; comparing a round patch antenna with a reference radius of R and a complete basic circle, and simulating and calculating the resonance at 2.85GHZ by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software, wherein the return loss of S11 is-17.280718 db; the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 22.8% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius, and the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is equivalent to 36.1% of size reduction relative to a circular patch antenna with a 15mm basic circle as the reference radius.
The processing precision can be improved by adopting the processing mode of the MEMS.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a fractal circle patch antenna, includes fractal circle patch antenna (1), basement (2), feeder (3), floor (4), its characterized in that:
a. the fractal circular patch antenna (1) is in a fractal circular shape based on a fractal geometric theory, a fractal circular hole is dug along the radial direction at the edge of a complete basic circle with the reference radius R, the fractal iteration factor is 1/n, n is a natural number greater than 2, an ideal first-order fractal is tangent to the circular hole with the radius R/n at the inner side of the circumference of the basic circle, then a 360-degree n-unit circumference array is formed, and an ideal second-order fractal is tangent to the inner side of a first-order fractal circle with the radius R/n along the radial direction of the basic circle on the basis of the first-order fractal with the radius R/n and with the radius of (R/n)/n = R/n2The circle centers of the basic circle, the first-order fractal circle and the second-order fractal circle are on a radial line, and 360-degree n units of circumferential arrays are arranged, so that three-order … and four-order … can be realized;
b. the fractal circular patch antenna (1) moves the circle center position of an ideal first-order fractal circular hole by delta outwards along the radial direction in practical application1Cutting with the basic circle in an intersecting way to ensure that the basic circle with the radius of R and the first-order fractal circle with the radius of R/n are 'broken' and are locally and integrally self-similar, and the second-order fractal circular hole is actually applied to move by delta outwards along the radial direction on the basis of the ideal second-order fractal circle tangent to the ideal first-order fractal circular hole2Intersecting and cutting with the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/n to ensure that the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/n and the first-order fractal circular hole with the actual application radius of R/n are intersected and cut2The second-order fractal circular hole is also broken, the local part and the whole are self-similar, and three orders and four orders … … can be provided by analogy;
c. the feeder (3) is positioned in the middle of a first-order fractal circular hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) on the upper surface of the substrate (2) and is coplanar with the fractal circular patch antenna (1), a coupling feed mode is adopted, the feeder (3) is formed by connecting a section of linear microstrip line and a section of annular microstrip line, the center line of the linear microstrip line, the center of the annular microstrip line and the basic circle center of the fractal circular patch antenna (1) are aligned with the circle centers of a group of first-order and second-order fractal circular holes, the circle of the annular microstrip line is concentric with the first-order fractal circular hole of the fractal circular patch antenna (1), and the line widths of the linear microstrip line and the annular microstrip line are equal.
2. The fractal circular patch antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antenna has the effect of reducing the size relative to a complete basic circular patch antenna, when the radius R of the basic circle is 15mm, the iteration factor 1/n is 1/3, the substrate (2) is silicon dioxide with the side length of 55mm square and the thickness of 1.5mm, the thicknesses of the fractal circular patch antenna (1), the feeder line (3) and the floor (4) are all 0.01mm, and the materials are all gold, the circle center position of a first-order fractal circular hole in practical application moves outwards by delta relative to the ideal position along the radial direction1=0.11mm, the second-order fractal circular hole is moved by delta along the radial direction to the outer side on the basis of the ideal second-order fractal circular hole tangent to the ideal first-order fractal circular hole in practical application2The first-order fractal circular patch antenna has the size of 22.8% reduction relative to a complete circular patch antenna with the reference radius of R =15mm, wherein the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonated at 2.20GHZ, the S11 return loss is-25.411825 db, the second-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonated at 1.82GHZ, the S11 return loss is-15.378834 db, the reference radius of the complete circular patch antenna with the reference radius of R =15mm is compared with the reference radius of 2.85GHZ, the S11 return loss is-17.280718 db, and the first-order fractal circular patch antenna is subjected to simulation calculation by the HFSS electromagnetic field simulation software and resonated at 2.8% reduction, the second-order fractal circular patch antenna has a size reduction of 36.1% with respect to a full circular patch antenna with a reference radius of R =15 mm.
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CN113745825B (en) * 2021-08-25 2023-02-17 电子科技大学 Crescent fractal circular patch antenna
CN113745826B (en) * 2021-08-25 2023-02-21 电子科技大学 Elliptical fractal circular patch antenna

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