CN112033793A - Test device and method for observing initiation evolution of rock hydraulic fracturing crack - Google Patents
Test device and method for observing initiation evolution of rock hydraulic fracturing crack Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a test device for observing initiation evolution of a hydraulic fracturing crack of a rock, which comprises a hydraulic fracturing tester, a liquid injection assembly, an endoscope assembly and a double-layer transparent tube, wherein the hydraulic fracturing tester fixes a cylindrical rock sample and applies axial load and confining pressure load, the double-layer transparent tube is inserted into the cylindrical rock sample, the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube is communicated with the inside of the cylindrical rock sample, the liquid injection assembly is communicated with the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube and injects liquid into the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube at high pressure, and a high-precision camera of the endoscope assembly is inserted into the inner layer of the double-layer transparent tube, so that imaging observation and description of the initiation evolution process of the hydraulic. The hydraulic fracturing fracture initiation dynamic monitoring and imaging description system adopts the double-layer transparent pipe to replace the traditional single-layer flow guide pipe, realizes the dynamic monitoring and imaging description on the hydraulic fracturing fracture initiation through the high-precision camera arranged on the inner layer, and ensures the observation of the high-precision camera because the transparent window can bear the high-pressure environment in the prefabricated hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanical tests, in particular to a test device and a method for observing the initiation and evolution of rock hydraulic fracturing cracks.
Background
With the large-scale exploitation of shale gas, the hydraulic fracturing technology is increasingly regarded as an important effective means for improving the permeability of a low-permeability reservoir. The formation of hydraulic fractures is mainly divided into three stages: the crack initiation, the crack propagation and the crack closure are carried out, each stage has important influence on the final formation shape of the crack, and therefore, the observation of the development and the evolution process of the crack is very important. However, because the formation process of the hydraulic fracture is concealed and random, how to monitor and describe the form in the initiation of the hydraulic fracture under the loading condition is still a problem to be solved in the simulation experiment in a hydraulic fracturing chamber and the field construction. At present, the monitoring and description of the hydraulic fracture initiation and expansion process are mainly realized by means of acoustic emission, X-ray, CT section scanning and the like, the acoustic emission can realize dynamic monitoring of the fracture expansion process, but the accuracy is low, and the fracture form cannot be accurately described; the X-ray and CT section scanning positioning is accurate, but the imaging capability is poor, the cost is high, the imaging capability is limited by the size and the rock quality uniformity of a rock sample, and the monitoring capability on crack initiation evolution around a diversion hole in the hydraulic fracturing process, the distribution form of hydraulic cracks and the closing process of later cracks is limited. In addition, the hydraulic fracture initiation time is short, and the monitoring precision requirement is high. At present, the research on the monitoring of the hydraulic fracture initiation process is less, the expansion degree of the fracture is more concerned, and the monitoring requirement on the fracture initiation evolution process cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a test scheme for observing the initiation evolution of a rock hydraulic fracture so as to solve the problem that the initiation evolution of the fracture cannot be visually observed and described in a hydraulic fracture test.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a test device for observing initiation evolution of a hydraulic fracture of a rock, which comprises a hydraulic fracture testing machine, a liquid injection assembly, an endoscope assembly and a double-layer transparent tube, wherein the hydraulic fracture testing machine is used for fixing a cylindrical rock sample and applying axial load and confining pressure load, the double-layer transparent tube is inserted into the cylindrical rock sample, the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube is communicated with the inside of the cylindrical rock sample, the liquid injection assembly is communicated with the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube and injects liquid into the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube at high pressure, and a high-precision camera of the endoscope assembly is inserted into the inner layer of the double-layer transparent tube, so that imaging observation and description of the initiation evolution process of the hydraulic fracture are realized.
Further, hydraulic fracturing testing machine includes the base, sets up support post and setting on the base are in the roof on support post top, the base with be provided with a stainless steel cavity between the roof, the cylinder rock specimen is fixed in the stainless steel cavity, the top is provided with prefabricated hole, be provided with a loading cylinder and a confined pressure booster pump on the base, loading cylinder's axial loading piston is right axial load is applyed to the bottom of cylinder rock specimen, the confined pressure booster pump to confined pressure load is applyed to the lateral wall of cylinder rock specimen.
Further, annotate the liquid subassembly and include the priming pump, the priming pump through annotate the liquid pipe with the skin intercommunication of double-deck hyaline tube, the junction is provided with a crossover sub.
Further, double-deck hyaline tube inserts prefabricated downthehole, inlayer and outer mutual isolation, the outer top of double-deck hyaline tube is provided with one and annotates the liquid mouth, annotate the liquid mouth with it passes through to annotate the liquid pipe the adapter is connected, the outer bottom of double-deck hyaline tube is provided with a plurality of liquid outlets.
Furthermore, the top end of the inner layer of the double-layer transparent tube is provided with an endoscope inlet, and the bottom end of the double-layer transparent tube protrudes out of the outer layer and is provided with a transparent window.
Further, transparent window adopts special sapphire glass material, sapphire glass's diameter is 15mm, including 4.1 mm's ring limit for the blank pressing extremely the bottom surface of double-deck hyaline tube, transparent window's thickness is 8mm, and radius of curvature is 40, can bear 60 MPa's pressure.
Further, the endoscope assembly further comprises a handle and a connecting flexible wire, the handle is connected with the high-precision camera through the connecting flexible wire, and the handle can control the lens of the high-precision camera to freely rotate and take pictures and record videos.
The invention also provides a test method for observing the initiation evolution of the rock hydraulic fracturing fracture, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, sampling and manufacturing a cylindrical rock sample, and manufacturing a prefabricated hole through a drill bit;
fixing the transparent double-layer pipe in the prefabricated hole, sealing the transparent double-layer pipe by using epoxy resin, and communicating the liquid injection pipe with a liquid injection port of the transparent double-layer pipe through an adapter;
placing the cylindrical rock sample in a stainless steel chamber, applying confining pressure to the cylindrical rock sample through a confining pressure booster pump, and applying axial load to the cylindrical rock sample by an axial loading piston of a loading oil cylinder;
inserting a high-precision camera into the transparent double-layer tube from the entrance of the endoscope, and adjusting the position of the lens, the light intensity and the like by operating the handle, so that the lens can shoot a wider range and a better effect;
step five, starting a liquid injection pump and a high-precision camera, controlling the liquid injection pressure to perform a hydraulic fracturing test, monitoring and recording the crack initiation evolution process of the whole hole wall crack through the high-precision camera, and obtaining and storing an evolution process diagram from crack initiation to closing;
and step six, closing the liquid injection pump, closing the confining pressure booster pump to unload confining pressure, driving an axial loading piston of the loading oil cylinder to unload an axial load, closing the high-precision camera and taking out the high-precision camera from the double-layer transparent pipe, taking down the cylindrical rock sample, closing the instrument and checking the circuit safety, and completing the experiment.
The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, a traditional single-layer flow guide pipe is replaced by a double-layer transparent pipe, an automatically adjustable high-precision camera is placed in the inner layer of the double-layer transparent pipe, and the outer annular space is used for injecting liquid under high pressure to crack a rock sample; the transparent window of the double-layer transparent tube is made of special sapphire glass, the shape and the size of the transparent window are optimized, the high-pressure environment in the prefabricated hole can be borne, and observation of the high-precision camera is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a double-layer transparent tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the size of a transparent window according to the present invention.
[ description of reference ]
1-double layer transparent tube; 2-cylindrical rock sample; 3-prefabricating holes; 4-high precision camera; 5-a base; 6-supporting the upright post; 7-a top plate; 8-stainless steel chamber; 9-loading the oil cylinder; 10-confining pressure booster pump; 11-axially loading the piston; 12-a liquid injection pump; 13-liquid injection pipe; 14-liquid injection port; 15-an adapter; 16-a liquid outlet; 17-endoscope entrance; 18-a transparent window; 19-a handle; 20-connecting the cord.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a test apparatus for observing initiation and evolution of a hydraulic fracture of a rock, which includes a hydraulic fracture tester, a liquid injection assembly, an endoscope assembly and a double-layer transparent tube 1. The hydraulic fracturing testing machine is used for fixing the cylinder rock sample 2 and applying axial load and confining pressure load, the double-layer transparent pipe 1 is inserted into the cylinder rock sample 2, the outer layer of the double-layer transparent pipe 1 is communicated with the external environment, namely the cylinder rock sample 2 is communicated with the inside, meanwhile, the outer layer of the double-layer transparent pipe 1 is communicated with the liquid injection assembly, and liquid is injected into the outer layer of the double-layer transparent pipe 1 at high pressure through the liquid injection assembly. Under the action of the loads, cracks on the inner wall of the prefabricated hole 3 of the cylindrical rock sample 2 are initiated, so that the whole process of hydraulic fracturing is simulated. The high-precision camera 4 of the endoscope assembly is inserted into the inner layer of the double-layer transparent tube 1, so that imaging observation and description of the hydraulic fracture initiation evolution process are realized.
Specifically, the hydraulic fracturing testing machine comprises a base 5, a support column 6 arranged on the base 5, and a top plate 7 arranged at the top end of the support column 6. A stainless steel chamber 8 is arranged between the base 5 and the top plate 7, and the top end and the bottom end of the stainless steel chamber 8 are stably supported through the base 5 and the top plate 7 respectively. The cylinder rock sample 2 is fixed in the stainless steel chamber 8, and the prefabricated hole 3 is inwards opened from the top end of the cylinder rock sample 2. The base 5 is provided with a loading oil cylinder 9 and a confining pressure booster pump 10, an axial loading piston 11 of the loading oil cylinder 9 applies axial load to the bottom end of the column rock sample 2, the reaction force of the top plate 7 forms axial loading at two ends, and the confining pressure booster pump 10 applies confining pressure load to the side wall of the column rock sample 2 so as to simulate the confining pressure environment in the hydraulic fracturing process.
The liquid injection assembly comprises a liquid injection pump 12, and the liquid injection pump 12 is communicated with the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube 1 through a liquid injection tube 13. The double-layer transparent tube structure is shown in figure 2, during the test, the double-layer transparent tube 1 is inserted into the prefabricated hole 3, and the inner layer and the outer layer are mutually isolated to form independent channels respectively. The position that the skin is close to the top is provided with one and annotates liquid mouth 14, annotates liquid mouth 14 and annotates liquid pipe 13 and pass through adapter 15 and be connected, and the outer bottom of double-deck hyaline tube 1 is provided with a plurality of liquid outlets 16 simultaneously to high-pressure rivers get into the skin of double-deck hyaline tube 1 along annotating liquid pipe 13 under the effect of liquid pump 12, jet out from the liquid outlet 16 of the outer bottom of double-deck hyaline tube 1 again, to the inside water conservancy that forms in 3 prefabricated holes of column rock specimen 2. Of course, the liquid outlet 16 is not limited to the bottom of the double-layer transparent tube 1, and the liquid outlet 16 may be disposed on the outer side wall.
As a further improvement, in this embodiment, an endoscope inlet 17 is disposed at the top end of the inner layer of the double-layer transparent tube 1, a transparent window 18 is disposed at the bottom end protruding from the outer layer, the high-precision camera 4 is inserted into the prefabricated hole 3 of the cylindrical rock sample 2 from the endoscope inlet 17 in the test process, and the lens at the bottom end of the high-precision camera 4 is located at the position of the transparent window 18, so as to observe the crack initiation and evolution process in all directions. Because the interior of the rock is in a high-pressure environment during the test, the transparent window 18 is made of special sapphire glass and has higher strength, and the double-layer transparent tube 1 body is made of metal with high strength. As shown in FIG. 3, the sapphire glass tested, which has a diameter of 15mm, including a 4.1mm ring edge for fixing the edge to the bottom of the double-layer transparent tube 1, and a convex transparent window 18 with a diameter of 6.8 mm. The thickness of the transparent window 18 is 8mm, the curvature radius is 40, and the transparent window can bear the pressure of 60MPa, so that the integrity is maintained in the internal environment of high-pressure rocks, and the observation of the high-precision camera 4 is facilitated.
In this embodiment, the endoscope assembly 17 further includes a handle 19 and a connection cord 20, the handle 19 is connected with the high-precision camera 4 through the connection cord 20, and the handle 19 can control the lens of the high-precision camera 4 to rotate freely and switch between the shooting and video recording, so that the high-precision camera 4 can be controlled by the handle 19 in real time during the test process, and the crack initiation and evolution process inside the rock can be observed more clearly from various angles.
Example 2:
the embodiment 2 of the invention provides a test method for observing initiation evolution of a rock hydraulic fracturing fracture, which specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, sampling and manufacturing a cylindrical rock sample 2, and manufacturing a prefabricated hole 3 through a drill bit, so that the prefabricated hole 3 reaches a preset depth and corresponds to the length of a transparent double-layer pipe 1;
fixing the transparent double-layer pipe 1 in the prefabricated hole 3, sealing the opening of the prefabricated hole 3 by using epoxy resin to form a closed high-pressure environment inside the prefabricated hole 3, and communicating the liquid injection pipe 13 with the liquid injection opening 14 of the transparent double-layer pipe 1 through an adapter 15;
thirdly, placing the cylindrical rock sample 2 in a stainless steel chamber 8, applying confining pressure to the cylindrical rock sample 2 through a confining pressure booster pump 10, applying axial load to the cylindrical rock sample 2 through an axial loading piston 11 of a loading oil cylinder 9, and simulating the loading condition of stratum rock mass;
inserting the high-precision camera 4 into the transparent double-layer tube 1 from the endoscope inlet 17, adjusting the position of a lens, the light intensity and the like by using an operating handle 19, testing and adjusting the lens by pre-shooting a rock sample image, and shooting the rock sample image in a wider range and with a better effect;
step five, starting the liquid injection pump 12 and the high-precision camera 4, injecting liquid into the prefabricated hole 3 at high pressure, adjusting and controlling the liquid injection pressure to perform a hydraulic fracturing test, monitoring and recording the crack initiation evolution process of the whole hole wall crack by the high-precision camera 4, obtaining and storing an evolution process image, a video and the like from crack initiation to closing;
and step six, sequentially closing the liquid injection pump 12, closing the confining pressure booster pump 10 to unload confining pressure, driving the axial loading piston 11 of the loading oil cylinder 9 to unload an axial load, closing the high-precision camera 4 and taking out the high-precision camera from the double-layer transparent pipe 1, finally taking down the cylindrical rock sample 2, closing the instrument and checking the circuit safety, and completing the test.
According to the method, the whole process of crack initiation at the bottom and on the wall of the prefabricated hole 3 and the closing process of the crack after the fracturing are finished are recorded through the high-precision camera 4, and the dynamic monitoring and imaging description of the hydraulic fracturing crack initiation are realized.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a test device for observing rock hydraulic fracturing crack initiation evolution, its characterized in that, includes hydraulic fracturing testing machine, annotates liquid subassembly, endoscope subassembly and double-deck hyaline tube, hydraulic fracturing testing machine is fixed to cylinder rock specimen, applys axial load and confined pressure load, double-deck hyaline tube inserts inside the cylinder rock specimen, the outer and the inside intercommunication of cylinder rock specimen of double-deck hyaline tube, annotate the liquid subassembly with the outer switch-on of double-deck hyaline tube to the outer high pressure of double-deck hyaline tube is annotated liquid, the high accuracy camera of endoscope subassembly inserts the inlayer of double-deck hyaline tube realizes observing and the description of the formation of image of hydraulic fracturing crack initiation evolution process.
2. The test device for observing the initiation and evolution of the hydraulic fracturing fracture of the rock according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic fracturing tester comprises a base, a support column arranged on the base and a top plate arranged at the top end of the support column, a stainless steel cavity is arranged between the base and the top plate, the cylinder rock sample is fixed in the stainless steel cavity, the top end of the cylinder rock sample is provided with a prefabricated hole, the base is provided with a loading oil cylinder and a confining pressure booster pump, an axial loading piston of the loading oil cylinder applies an axial load to the bottom end of the cylinder rock sample, and the confining pressure booster pump applies a confining pressure load to the side wall of the cylinder rock sample.
3. The test device for observing the initiation and evolution of the hydraulic fracturing fracture of the rock according to claim 2, wherein the liquid injection assembly comprises a liquid injection pump, the liquid injection pump is communicated with the outer layer of the double-layer transparent pipe through a liquid injection pipe, and an adapter is arranged at the joint.
4. The test device for observing the initiation and evolution of a hydraulic fracture of a rock according to claim 3, wherein the double-layer transparent tube is inserted into the prefabricated hole, the inner layer and the outer layer are isolated from each other, a liquid injection port is arranged at the top end of the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube, the liquid injection port is connected with the liquid injection tube through the adapter, and a plurality of liquid outlets are arranged at the bottom end of the outer layer of the double-layer transparent tube.
5. The test device for observing the initiation and evolution of a hydraulic fracture of a rock according to claim 4, wherein an endoscope inlet is arranged at the top end of the inner layer of the double-layer transparent tube, and a transparent window is arranged at the bottom end of the inner layer of the double-layer transparent tube, which protrudes out of the outer layer.
6. The test device for observing the initiation and evolution of the hydraulic fracturing fracture of the rock according to claim 5, wherein the transparent window is made of special sapphire glass, the diameter of the sapphire glass is 15mm, the sapphire glass comprises a 4.1mm ring edge and is used for pressing the edge to the bottom surface of the double-layer transparent pipe, the thickness of the transparent window is 8mm, the curvature radius is 40, and the transparent window can bear the pressure of 60 MPa.
7. The testing apparatus for observing the initiation and evolution of a hydraulic fracture of a rock according to claim 1, wherein the endoscope assembly further comprises a handle and a connection cord, the handle is connected with the high-precision camera through the connection cord, and the handle can control the lens of the high-precision camera to rotate freely and take pictures and record videos.
8. A test method for observing initiation evolution of a rock hydraulic fracturing fracture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, sampling and manufacturing a cylindrical rock sample, and manufacturing a prefabricated hole through a drill bit;
fixing the transparent double-layer pipe in the prefabricated hole, sealing the transparent double-layer pipe by using epoxy resin, and communicating the liquid injection pipe with a liquid injection port of the transparent double-layer pipe through an adapter;
placing the cylindrical rock sample in a stainless steel chamber, applying confining pressure to the cylindrical rock sample through a confining pressure booster pump, and applying axial load to the cylindrical rock sample by an axial loading piston of a loading oil cylinder;
inserting a high-precision camera into the transparent double-layer tube from the entrance of the endoscope, and adjusting the position of the lens, the light intensity and the like by operating the handle, so that the lens can shoot a wider range and a better effect;
step five, starting a liquid injection pump and a high-precision camera, controlling the liquid injection pressure to perform a hydraulic fracturing test, monitoring and recording the crack initiation evolution process of the whole hole wall crack through the high-precision camera, and obtaining and storing an evolution process diagram from crack initiation to closing;
and step six, closing the liquid injection pump, closing the confining pressure booster pump to unload confining pressure, driving an axial loading piston of the loading oil cylinder to unload an axial load, closing the high-precision camera and taking out the high-precision camera from the double-layer transparent pipe, taking down the cylindrical rock sample, closing the instrument and checking the circuit safety, and completing the experiment.
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| CN113325195A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-31 | 中国船舶工业集团公司第七0八研究所 | Endoscopic PIV (particle image velocimetry) testing device for measuring axial flow velocity field of water pump |
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| CN114136800B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-04-26 | 中南大学 | Multi-field coupling hypotonic rock sample hydraulic fracture evolution multi-scale synchronous monitoring device |
| CN114279841A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 东北大学 | True triaxial test device and method integrating high-speed camera shooting and real-time shooting |
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