CN113984807B - Test method for real-time expansion of rock fracture under freezing-thawing and fracturing actions - Google Patents
Test method for real-time expansion of rock fracture under freezing-thawing and fracturing actions Download PDFInfo
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- CN113984807B CN113984807B CN202111261280.8A CN202111261280A CN113984807B CN 113984807 B CN113984807 B CN 113984807B CN 202111261280 A CN202111261280 A CN 202111261280A CN 113984807 B CN113984807 B CN 113984807B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
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Abstract
The invention provides a test method for real-time expansion of rock cracks based on freeze thawing and fracturing, and relates to the technical field of rock detection. The test method comprises the following steps: loading a prefabricated cracked sample into a test tube, and performing CT scanning to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram, wherein the tube body of the test tube is made of aluminum, can penetrate CT rays and can bear high confining pressure; sealing the test sample in the test tube; introducing fracture water into the test tube to enable the sample to be subjected to hydraulic fracturing; connecting a cold bath, and freezing crack water in the test tube; after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant, thawing the frozen crevice water and the sample; CT scanning is carried out on the sample, and a characteristic diagram of a freeze-thawing fracturing result is obtained; and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thawing fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain structural change characteristics, thereby determining the fracture expansion and extension rule of the sample and providing theoretical guidance for improving the exploitation rate of the coal bed and avoiding engineering harm caused by rock freezing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock detection, in particular to a test method for rock fracture real-time expansion under the effects of freeze thawing and fracturing.
Background
Rock has heterogeneous, multiphase and multi-layer complex structures in low-temperature environment, and the strength of the rock is closely related to the initial mesostructure such as joints, microcracks, particle pores, hollows and the like existing in the rock. In the rock freezing process, crack water is frozen to form ice and expand in volume, but rock particles shrink in volume, and huge frost heaving force is generated between micro cracks and rock mineral particles, and the frost heaving force has a destructive effect on the rock mineral particles with weaker cementing strength, so that the rock structure is damaged; the external load promotes the initiation and the expansion of a large number of microcracks, and damaged areas are gradually communicated, so that rock is damaged.
Such as rock slopes in cold areas, tunnels, road foundations, underground oil and gas pipelines, underground low-temperature storage of liquefied natural gas and the like, have the problem of rock freezing to different degrees. The main engineering hazards of frozen rocks are freeze thawing and denudation, collapse and landslide of a rock slope, frost heaving and cracking and destabilization of a tunnel rock mass, frost heaving of a rock cavity of an oil transportation storage reservoir affects the safety of a storage tank and the like. Therefore, it is important to study the change in microstructure of rock during low temperature freezing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for real-time expansion of rock cracks based on freeze thawing and fracturing, which can realize continuous acquisition of temperature field data of the rock cracks in the freezing process and real-time monitoring of the development condition of frost heaving, and has a simple structure and strong operability.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
the invention provides a test method for rock fracture real-time expansion under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing, which comprises the following steps:
loading a prefabricated cracked sample into a test tube, and performing CT scanning to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram, wherein the tube body of the test tube is made of aluminum;
sealing the sample in the test tube;
introducing fracture water into the test tube to enable the sample to be subjected to hydraulic fracturing;
connecting a cold bath, and freezing crack water in the test tube;
after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant, thawing the frozen crevice water and the sample;
CT scanning is carried out on the sample, and a characteristic diagram of a freeze-thawing fracturing result is obtained;
and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thawing fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain the structural change characteristic.
The test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing provided by the embodiment of the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the test tube is filled with the test sample for testing, and the test sample is subjected to fracturing, freezing and thawing operations to obtain the structural change characteristics of the test sample, so that the rule of crack expansion and extension of the test sample is determined, and theoretical guidance is provided for improving the exploitation rate of the coal bed and avoiding engineering harm caused by rock freezing;
2. the test tube is used for containing the test sample, so that the crack of the test sample can be ensured to expand along a certain direction, the brittle failure of the test sample is avoided, and the process characteristics of crack development can be collected accurately;
3. the body of the test tube is made of aluminum, CT rays can be transmitted, process characteristics of crack development can be conveniently collected in real time through CT scanning, moreover, the test tube can bear high confining pressure, and the test tube can conveniently apply high pressure to a sample so as to simulate the influence of extreme environments on rocks.
In an alternative embodiment, the test tube is filled with a pre-prepared crack sample, and before the step of obtaining the natural crack distribution characteristic diagram through CT scanning, the test method based on the real-time expansion of the rock cracks under the actions of freeze thawing and fracturing further comprises the following steps:
kerf was performed along the center line of the test specimen to form a crack.
In an alternative embodiment, after the step of sawing the kerf along the centerline of the sample to form the fracture, the method of testing the real-time expansion of the rock fracture based on freeze thawing and fracturing further comprises:
and bonding epoxy resin glue on the boundary line of the sample.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of sealing the test sample in the test tube comprises:
concrete is selected to wrap the sample, and a T-shaped sealing ring is placed between the periphery of the top end of the sample and the inner wall of the test tube, so that the sample is sealed.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of introducing fracture water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the test specimen comprises:
only the top end of the test tube was filled with slit water.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of introducing fracture water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the test specimen comprises:
adding the pressure of the fracture water to a preset pressure value, and maintaining for a first preset duration, wherein the range of the preset pressure value is as follows: 7MPa to 9MPa.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of freezing the cracked water in the test tube comprises:
introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral tube on the top cover of the test tube, cooling the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining the second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: -35 ℃ to-25 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of thawing the frozen crevice water and the sample after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant comprises:
introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral tube on the top cover of the test tube, heating the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining the second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: 15-25 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the test tube comprises:
a lower tube for holding a sample;
the upper pipe is communicated with the lower pipe and is used for containing the water with the cracks;
the cover plate is connected with the top end of the upper pipe and is provided with a cold bath liquid inlet, a cold bath liquid outlet and a pressure water filling port;
and the backing plate is connected with the bottom end of the lower pipe.
In an alternative embodiment, the test tube further comprises:
the sealing ring is arranged between the backing plate and the lower pipe, the sealing ring is arranged between the lower pipe and the upper pipe, and the sealing ring is arranged between the upper pipe and the cover plate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a test method for real-time expansion of rock cracks under the effects of freeze thawing and fracturing, provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a test tube;
fig. 3 is a statistical graph of CT numbers of coal rock X9 in three states of pre-freezing, post-freezing, and post-freezing fracturing.
Icon: 10-test tube; 11-down tube; 12-upper tube; 13-cover plate; 14-backing plate; 15-a sealing ring; 16-cold bath liquid inlet; 17-cold bath outlet; 18-a pressure water filling port; 19—a temperature sensor access port; 20-flange plate.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the azimuth or the positional relationship in which the inventive product is conventionally put in use, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not indicated or implied that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific azimuth, be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus it should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for indicating or implying a relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment provides a test method for real-time expansion of rock cracks under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the sample is pretreated.
The sample may be any rock sample to be detected, and in this embodiment, the sample is a rock sample or a coal sample.
First, a slit is formed along the center line of the sample, and the slit may or may not penetrate the sample.
And secondly, bonding epoxy resin glue on the boundary line of the sample so as to keep the sample intact, and ensuring that the width of the crack is not less than 6mm.
S2: the test tube 10 is filled with the prefabricated cracked sample, and CT scanning is carried out to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram.
Referring to fig. 2, the test tube 10 includes a lower tube 11, an upper tube 12, a cover plate 13, a backing plate 14 and a sealing ring 15, wherein the lower tube 11 is used for containing a sample, the upper tube 12 is communicated with the lower tube 11, the upper tube 12 is used for containing crevice water, the cover plate 13 is connected to the top end of the upper tube 12, a cold bath liquid inlet 16, a cold bath liquid outlet 17 and a pressure water filling port 18 are provided on the cover plate 13, and the backing plate 14 is connected to the bottom end of the lower tube 11. A sealing ring 15 is arranged between the backing plate 14 and the lower pipe 11, a sealing ring 15 is arranged between the lower pipe 11 and the upper pipe 12, and a sealing ring 15 is arranged between the upper pipe 12 and the cover plate 13. The side wall of the lower pipe 11 is provided with a temperature sensor access port 19, and the lower pipe 11 is connected with the upper pipe 12 by adopting a flange plate 20 with holes. The tube body of the test tube 10 is made of aluminum, that is, the lower tube 11, the upper tube 12, the cover plate 13 and the base plate 14 can be made of aluminum, so that the test tube can bear high confining pressure, the bearing limit can reach 20MPa, CT rays can be transmitted, nondestructive real-time CT scanning of a sample can be realized, and the monitoring precision is improved.
The outer diameter of the test tube 10 may be 114mm, the wall thickness may be 6mm, and the height may be 434mm. The inner side of the cover plate 13 can be connected with a spiral pipe for introducing cold bath liquid and is communicated with the cold bath liquid inlet 16, the cold bath liquid inlet 16 and the cold bath liquid outlet 17 are both communicated with a cold bath liquid circulation box, the pressure water filling port 18 can be communicated with a pressure testing pump, and the discharge capacity of the pressure testing pump can be 7.2L/min.
The specific operation process comprises the following steps: the sample is placed in a lower tube 11, scanning sections are marked at different heights of the sample, CT scanning is carried out, and a natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram is obtained.
S3: the test tube 10 is filled with a sample and sealed.
According to the embodiment, multiple tests prove that for sealing the sample, concrete is selected to wrap the sample, a T-shaped sealing ring is placed around the top end of the sample and on the inner wall of the test tube 10, and the sealing of the sample is achieved by utilizing the characteristic that the T-shaped sealing ring is compressed and stretches transversely, so that the sealing effect is good, and crack water is injected along cracks of the sample.
In addition, it is also necessary to install a temperature sensor on the sample tube. Specifically, a Pt100 platinum resistance temperature sensor was selected to monitor the real-time change in temperature at different heights of the sample. The temperature sensor is fixed on the side wall of the test tube 10 through the screw thread cutting ferrule, so that the effects of sealing the test tube 10 and bearing high pressure are achieved. A temperature sensor was placed at the bottom outlet of the test tube 10 to monitor the temperature of the cold bath flowing to the outlet in the crack of the sample. The temperature profile of each section of the liquid and the sample in the test tube 10 was monitored over time using a DT80 data acquisition instrument.
S4: the test tube 10 was filled with fracture water to hydraulically fracture the sample.
Introducing the fracture water from the top end of the test tube 10 through the pressure water filling port 18, and adding the pressure of the fracture water to a preset pressure value for a first preset time period, wherein the preset pressure value ranges from: 7MPa to 9MPa, preferably 8MPa.
S5: the water in the test tube 10 was frozen.
Specifically, the cold bath circulation box is opened to introduce cold bath into the spiral pipe on the top cover of the test tube 10, the temperature of the test sample is reduced until the temperature of the test sample is constant, and the second preset time period is maintained, wherein the temperature of the cold bath is as follows: the temperature data are collected in real time at the temperature of-35 ℃ to-25 ℃, preferably-30 ℃ by adopting a DT80 data collector, and the second preset time period can be 1h.
S6: after the temperature of the sample in the test tube 10 is constant, the frozen crevice water and the sample are thawed.
Specifically, cold bath is introduced into the spiral pipe on the top cover of the test tube 10, the temperature of the test sample is raised until the temperature of the test sample is constant, and the second preset time period is maintained, wherein the temperature of the cold bath is as follows: 15℃to 25℃and preferably 20 ℃.
S7: and (3) CT scanning is carried out on the sample, and a characteristic diagram of a freeze-thawing fracturing result is obtained.
Specifically, in S2, the scanning sections are marked at different heights of the sample, and the sample is still subjected to CT scanning at the marked scanning sections in this step, so as to obtain a characteristic map of freeze-thaw fracturing results.
S8: and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thawing fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain the structural change characteristic.
The test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing provided by the embodiment mainly realizes the freezing and frost heaving of water in the fracture of the sample by hydraulic fracturing and low-temperature freezing, and promotes the further expansion and extension of the fracture of the sample. The main evaluation factors of the freezing transformation effect of the sample are as follows: and judging whether the crack of the sample is changed or not. And scanning the hydraulically-fractured samples before and after freezing by adopting a CT scanning method, and judging the freezing reconstruction effect of the samples through the change of cracks in the samples.
The test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing effects provided by the embodiment has the beneficial effects that:
1. the test tube 10 is filled with the test sample for testing, and the test sample is subjected to fracturing, freezing and thawing operations to obtain the structural change characteristics of the test sample, so that the rule of crack expansion and extension of the test sample is determined, and theoretical guidance is provided for improving the exploitation rate of a coal bed and avoiding engineering harm caused by rock freezing;
2. the test tube 10 is used for containing the test sample, so that the crack of the test sample can be ensured to expand along a certain direction, the brittle failure of the test sample is avoided, and the process characteristics of crack development can be accurately collected;
3. the body of the test tube 10 is made of aluminum, and can transmit CT rays, so that the process characteristics of crack development can be collected in real time through CT scanning, and the test tube 10 can bear high confining pressure and is convenient for applying high pressure to a sample so as to simulate the influence of extreme environments on rocks.
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a set of test examples, and experiments are performed on the coal rock X9, and the CT numbers of the coal rock X9 in the three states of fracturing before, after and after freezing are counted.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the CT number of the coal rock X9 is reduced as a whole after freezing than before freezing, which indicates that the coal rock cracks are increased due to freezing and the coal rock density is reduced, but the improvement effect of the hydraulic fracturing on the coal rock cracks is not obvious, because of the lateral constraint around the coal rock during the hydraulic fracturing. In addition, since the CT number is directly related to the density, the development degree of microcracks in the sample can be judged according to the obtained CT image, and the damage evaluation can be performed on the rock-soil body.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The test method for rock fracture real-time expansion under the effects of freeze thawing and fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
filling a sample with prefabricated cracks into a test tube, and performing CT scanning to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram, wherein the tube body of the test tube is made of aluminum, the test tube comprises a lower tube, an upper tube, a cover plate, a backing plate and a sealing ring, and the lower tube is used for containing the sample; the upper pipe is communicated with the lower pipe and is used for containing crevice water; the cover plate is connected to the top end of the upper pipe, a cold bath liquid inlet, a cold bath liquid outlet and a pressure water filling port are formed in the cover plate, a spiral pipe for introducing cold bath liquid is connected to the inner side of the cover plate and is communicated with the cold bath liquid inlet, the cold bath liquid inlet and the cold bath liquid outlet are both communicated with a cold bath liquid circulation box, and the pressure water filling port is communicated with a pressure testing pump; the backing plate is connected to the bottom end of the lower pipe; the sealing ring is arranged between the backing plate and the lower pipe, the sealing ring is arranged between the lower pipe and the upper pipe, and the sealing ring is arranged between the upper pipe and the cover plate;
sealing the test sample in the test tube;
introducing fracture water into the test tube to enable the sample to be subjected to hydraulic fracturing;
connecting a cold bath, and freezing the crevice water in the test tube;
after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant, thawing the frozen crevice water and the sample;
CT scanning is carried out on the sample, and a characteristic diagram of a freeze-thawing fracturing result is obtained;
and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thawing fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain the structural change characteristic.
2. The method for testing the real-time expansion of the rock fracture under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing according to claim 1, wherein before the step of loading the pre-prepared fracture sample into a test tube and performing CT scanning to obtain the natural fracture distribution characteristic map, the method for testing the real-time expansion of the rock fracture under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing further comprises the following steps:
and sawing a slit along the center line of the sample to form the crack.
3. The method for testing the real-time expansion of rock cracks under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing according to claim 2, wherein after the step of sawing along the center line of the test specimen to form the cracks, the method for testing the real-time expansion of rock cracks under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing further comprises:
and bonding epoxy resin glue on the boundary line of the sample.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein sealing the test sample in the test tube comprises:
and (3) wrapping the sample by using concrete, and placing a T-shaped sealing ring between the periphery of the top end of the sample and the inner wall of the test tube to realize the sealing of the sample.
5. The method for testing real-time expansion of rock cracks under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing according to claim 1, wherein the step of introducing crack water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the sample comprises the steps of:
the crevice water was introduced only from the top end of the test tube.
6. The method for testing real-time expansion of rock cracks under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing according to claim 1, wherein the step of introducing crack water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the sample comprises the steps of:
adding the pressure of the fracture water to a preset pressure value, and maintaining for a first preset duration, wherein the preset pressure value ranges from: 7MPa to 9MPa.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of connecting a cold bath to freeze the fracture water in the test tube comprises:
introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral tube on the top cover of the test tube, cooling the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining the second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: -35 ℃ to-25 ℃.
8. The method for testing real-time expansion of rock cracks under the action of freeze thawing and fracturing according to claim 1, wherein the step of thawing frozen crack water and the test specimen after the temperature of the test specimen in the pipe to be tested is constant comprises:
introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral tube on the top cover of the test tube, heating the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining the second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: 15-25 ℃.
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