CN112067636B - Rock ice crack containing frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents
Rock ice crack containing frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system and monitoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112067636B CN112067636B CN202010852189.2A CN202010852189A CN112067636B CN 112067636 B CN112067636 B CN 112067636B CN 202010852189 A CN202010852189 A CN 202010852189A CN 112067636 B CN112067636 B CN 112067636B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/03—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission
- G01N2223/04—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by transmission and measuring absorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
- G01N2223/1016—X-ray
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/50—Detectors
- G01N2223/501—Detectors array
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock ice crack frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof, wherein the rock ice crack frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system comprises a CT scanning system, a rock freezing and thawing system, a crack deformation measuring system and a frost heaving force measuring system; the CT scanning system comprises a vertical frame, an area array detector, an X-ray transmitter, a rotating system and a base; the rock freezing and thawing system comprises a water storage barrel, a freezing barrel and a freezing circulation system, wherein the water storage barrel is positioned above the freezing barrel, a rock sample is placed in the freezing barrel, the freezing barrel is arranged on the rotating system, and the freezing circulation system is connected with the freezing barrel; the fracture deformation measuring system and the frost heaving force measuring system are connected with the rock sample and are respectively used for measuring the deformation condition and the frost heaving force change condition of the rock sample in the freezing process; the method can measure the frost heaving deformation of the rock fracture, and can observe the expansion evolution mesoscopic process of the rock ice-containing fracture under the action of freeze-thaw cycle in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass mechanics, in particular to a frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system and a monitoring method for an ice crack in rock.
Background
In the process of mine construction and mineral resource exploitation, mine slope fractured rock mass in western alpine regions faces a complex freeze-thaw disaster problem for a long time due to the particularity of the environment. The fractured rock mass is a complex rock mass, the interior of the fractured rock mass is generally formed by combining rock particles, cementing materials, microcracks and the like, the internal cracks and joint defects directly influence the stability of the rock mass, under the long-term freezing and thawing action, fracture water in the fractured rock mass continuously generates water-ice phase change, the frost heaving force generated by 9% volume expansion when the water is frozen into ice continuously drives the fractures to expand or generate new cracks, and then the fractures are expanded and cracked, and the physical and mechanical properties are suddenly reduced, so that the surrounding rock is fractured. The nature of freeze-thaw damage of rock materials is that temperature cycle positive and negative changes, the water in the solid material constantly changes phase and displaces, under the action of frost heaving force of ice, the rock mass crack tip generates huge force to expand damage, and the repeated freeze thawing generates macroscopic cracks, and under the action of frost heaving damage, the evolution of cracks poses serious threats to the stability and safety of cold area engineering.
In order to describe the morphological characteristics of cracks, the relative opening degree of the cracks is one of the commonly used indexes, the relative opening degree is the ratio of the opening degree of the cracks to the length of the cracks, the opening degree is the width of the cracks, and the width of the cracks is used for describing the important morphological characteristics of the cracks of the rocks and is also an important factor for researching and influencing frost heaving cracking of the rocks, so that the method is very important for monitoring deformation in the process of expanding the cracks containing ice. Research shows that the frost heaving force generated by volume expansion after phase change of water ice is the root cause for driving crack expansion or inducing new cracks, so that research on the expansion evolution mechanism and the frost heaving force evolution rule of the rock ice-containing cracks under the action of freeze-thaw cycles is of great significance for long-term stability prediction of rock masses in cold regions and guarantee of safe mining of mines.
The traditional freeze-thaw test is directly put into a thermostat for freeze-thaw cycle after the temperature is set, and the test is taken out for a corresponding mechanical test after the test is finished, so that the real-time observation of the frost heaving expansion of the rock containing ice cracks under the action of the freeze-thaw cycle cannot be realized.
In a testing device with the publication number of CN105334240A and the name of rock fracture frost heaving deflection, a testing device capable of continuously testing the frost heaving deflection of a rock fracture in the frost heaving process and obtaining fracture deflection characteristics in different frost heaving stages is disclosed, but the testing device can only realize the measurement of the frost heaving displacement under different freezing conditions, has insufficient functions and can not observe the internal structure change of the rock freezing and thawing process in real time.
At present, the industrial CT scanning technology provides an effective experimental technical means for researching the internal structure of a material, and the industrial CT can utilize X rays to penetrate through the cross section of an object to carry out rotary scanning and realize the reconstruction of an internal image by means of a high-performance computer system. Therefore, the industrial CT scanning technology becomes an important means for researching the real-time monitoring of frost heave expansion of rock containing ice cracks under the action of freeze-thaw cycles, and the technical key lies in researching and developing the real-time monitoring system and method of frost heave expansion of rock containing ice cracks matched with the industrial CT machine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof for rock ice-containing fractures, which can measure the frost heaving deformation of the rock fractures and observe the expansion evolution microscopic process of the rock ice-containing fractures under the action of freeze-thaw cycles in real time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
rock contains frost heaving deformation expansion real-time supervision system in ice crack, its characterized in that: the system comprises a CT scanning system, a rock freezing and thawing system, a fracture deformation measuring system and a frost heaving force measuring system;
the CT scanning system comprises vertical frames, an area array detector, an X-ray transmitter, a rotating system and a base, wherein the base is symmetrically and oppositely provided with two vertical frames, the inner side surface of one vertical frame is connected with the area array detector in a sliding manner, and the inner side surface of the other vertical frame is connected with the X-ray transmitter in a sliding manner; the rotating system is arranged on the base and is positioned between the two vertical racks;
the rock freezing and thawing system comprises a water storage barrel, a freezing barrel and a freezing circulation system, wherein the water storage barrel is positioned above the freezing barrel, a liquid guide cushion block is arranged between the water storage barrel and the freezing barrel, a rock sample is arranged in the freezing barrel, the freezing barrel is arranged on the rotation system, and the freezing circulation system is connected with the freezing barrel;
the fracture deformation measuring system and the frost heaving force measuring system are connected with a rock sample and are respectively used for measuring the deformation condition and the frost heaving force change condition of the rock sample in the freeze-thaw process, and the rock sample contains rock sample fractures.
Furthermore, a refrigerating fluid circulation cavity is arranged on the outer side wall of the refrigerating barrel, a refrigerating barrel cover plate is arranged at the top of the refrigerating barrel, and a heat insulation layer is arranged on the outer side of the refrigerating barrel;
the inner side of the bottom of the freezing barrel is provided with a fixed cushion block for placing the rock sample, and a sample fixing sleeve is arranged above the fixed cushion block.
Furthermore, the refrigerating circulation system comprises a cooling circulation pump, a cooling liquid inlet pipe and a cooling liquid outlet pipe, wherein one end of the cooling liquid inlet pipe is connected with the output end of the cooling circulation pump, and the other end of the cooling liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the refrigerating liquid circulation cavity; one end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe is connected with the input end of the cooling circulating pump, and the other end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the refrigerating liquid circulating cavity.
Further, the rotating system comprises a rotary table bottom plate, the rotary table bottom plate is fixedly arranged on the base, a rotary table is arranged at the center of the rotary table bottom plate in an upward rotating mode, and a slip ring rotor is arranged above the rotary table; the rotary table bottom plate is further connected with a slip ring stator through a slip ring stator connecting piece, the slip ring stator is matched with the slip ring rotor, and the slip ring stator connecting piece is located on the outer side of the rotary table.
Furthermore, two circles of slip ring rotor guide grooves are arranged on the slip ring rotor, and openings are formed in the slip ring stator at the height corresponding to the slip ring rotor guide grooves; sealing rings are arranged at the upper position and the lower position of the slip ring rotor diversion trench and between the two rings of slip ring rotor diversion trenches; at least two guide belts are arranged between the slip ring rotor and the slip ring stator.
Furthermore, the fracture deformation measurement system comprises a deformation sensor, a signal collector and a computer, wherein the deformation sensor is detachably mounted on the rock sample, the deformation sensor is connected with the signal collector through a deformation sensor wiring and a deformation sensor wire connector, and the signal collector is in communication connection with the computer.
Further, the frost heaving force measuring system comprises a frost heaving force sensor, a signal collector and a computer, the frost heaving force sensor is placed in a rock sample crack, a frost heaving force line connector and a frost heaving force line connector are connected to the frost heaving force sensor, the frost heaving force line connector and the frost heaving force line connector are both located on the sliding ring stator, the frost heaving force line connector and the frost heaving force line connector are respectively connected with the signal collector through a wiring of the frost heaving force sensor and a wiring of the frost heaving force sensor, and the signal collector is in communication connection with the computer.
Furthermore, a transmission rail groove is arranged on the inner side of each vertical rack, and the area array detector and the X-ray transmitter are respectively arranged on the transmission rail grooves corresponding to the area array detector and the X-ray transmitter; a plurality of hoisting holes are formed in the side surface of each vertical rack at equal intervals;
and an X-ray emitting hole is formed in the center of the X-ray emitter.
Further, the monitoring method of the rock frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system for the ice-containing fracture is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1: pre-treating a rock sample;
s2: placing the pretreated rock sample in a freezing barrel, and connecting a fracture deformation measurement system and a frost heaving force measurement system;
s3: injecting water into the rock sample in the freezing barrel for freezing treatment, and collecting deformation and frost heaving force data of the rock sample in a melting process in a freezing process;
s4: freezing the sample for 2.5h, stopping freezing, naturally melting the rock sample, collecting deformation and frost heaving force data in the melting process, and completing one freeze-thaw cycle;
s5: repeating the steps S1-S4 to finish multiple freeze-thaw cycles;
s6: in the process of freeze thawing circulation, scanning a CT image of a rock sample crack expansion form by using a CT scanning system;
s7: the resulting CT image is examined and processed accordingly.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the improvement that,
1. according to the rock frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system, the CT scanning system is arranged, so that a high-definition CT image of the interior of the rock under freeze-thaw cycle can be obtained in real time, and the ice crack expansion evolution mesoscopic process of the rock in the freeze-thaw cycle is observed in real time, so that test data are enriched, test quality is improved, and more data support is provided for further researching the rock frost heaving force evolution rule.
2. The rock frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system for the rock containing the ice cracks can measure the frost heaving deformation of a rock sample in the freeze-thaw process, the freeze-thaw cycle process of the rock sample is realized by controlling the cooling circulating pump to convey cooling liquid, the damage of the rock under repeated freezing and thawing accords with the damage mode of a side slope in a severe cold region better, and the real external natural environment can be simulated better.
3. When the frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system for the rock ice-containing fracture is used for CT scanning, the freezing barrel can be rotated through the rotating system, so that high-definition CT images in rocks in different directions are acquired, and the rotating system can ensure that pipelines and lines in the system can keep a path and cannot be wound and interfere with the CT imaging effect.
4. The monitoring method based on the frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system for the ice-containing fracture is simple to operate, can simulate the whole freezing and thawing cycle process, and provides a new idea for researching the evolution law of the frost heaving force of the rock ice-containing fracture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for monitoring frost heaving deformation expansion in real time in a crack containing ice according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of the system for real-time monitoring of frost heaving deformation expansion of the ice-containing crack.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the upper structure of the base plate of the turntable.
Fig. 4 is a front sectional view of the superstructure of the turntable base plate of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a side sectional view of the superstructure of the turntable base plate of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rotary system according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a front sectional view of the rotary system of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of the rotary system of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 8 according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the vertical frame structure of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the freezing cylinder structure of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-vertical frame, 101-transmission rail groove, 102-hoisting hole, 2-area array detector, 3-X-ray emitter, 301-X-ray emitting hole, 4-base, 5-water storage barrel, 6-freezing barrel, 601-freezing liquid circulation cavity, 602-freezing barrel cover plate, 603-heat preservation layer, 604-fixed cushion block, 605-fixed sleeve, 7-liquid guiding cushion block, 8-rock sample, 801-rock sample crack, 9-cooling circulation pump, 10-cooling liquid inlet pipe, 11-cooling liquid outlet pipe, 12-rotary table bottom plate, 13-rotary table, 14-slip ring rotor, 1401-slip ring rotor guide groove, 15-slip ring stator connecting piece, 16-slip ring stator, 17-sealing ring and 18-deformation sensor, 19-deformation sensor wiring, 20-deformation sensor wire joint, 21-signal collector, 22-computer, 23-frost heaving force sensor, 24-first frost heaving force wire joint, 25-second frost heaving force wire joint, 26-first frost heaving force sensor wiring, 27-second frost heaving force sensor wiring and 28-guide belt.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Referring to the attached figures 1-11, the system for monitoring frost heaving deformation expansion of rock ice-containing fracture in real time is characterized in that: the system comprises a CT scanning system, a rock freezing and thawing system, a fracture deformation measuring system and a frost heaving force measuring system;
specifically, the CT scanning system includes a vertical rack 1, an area array detector 2, an X-ray emitter 3, a rotating system and a base 4, the base 4 is a cuboid-shaped thick iron pad, the two ends of the base 4 are fixedly welded with the vertical racks 1, the vertical racks 1 are of a C-shaped structure, the two vertical racks 1 are arranged in opposite directions, a transmission track groove 101 is mounted on the inner side surface of each vertical rack 1, the area array detector 2 is mounted on the transmission track groove 101 on the vertical rack 1 on the left side, the area array detector 2 can move up and down along the transmission track groove 101, the X-ray emitter 3 is mounted on the transmission track groove 101 on the vertical rack 1 on the right side, and the X-ray emitter 3 can also move up and down along the transmission track groove 101; a plurality of hoisting holes 102 are arranged on the front side surface of each vertical rack 1 at equal intervals, the hoisting holes 102 on the two vertical racks 1 correspond to each other, the hoisting holes 102 are used for hoisting the vertical racks 1 in the installation and debugging stage, and meanwhile, the weight of the whole test system can be reduced on the basis of ensuring the strength of the vertical racks 1; an X-ray emitting hole 301 is formed in the center of the X-ray emitter 3, and X-rays emitted by the X-ray emitter 3 through the X-ray emitting hole 301 can be absorbed by the area array detector 2.
The rotating system is arranged on the base 4 and is positioned between the two vertical frames 1; the rotating system comprises a rotary table bottom plate 12, the rotary table bottom plate 12 is also a cuboid-shaped back iron block, the rotary table bottom plate 12 is fixedly welded on the base 4, a rotary table 13 is arranged in the center of the rotary table bottom plate 12 in an upward rotating mode, a slip ring rotor 14 is arranged above the rotary table 13, the rotary table 13 and the slip ring rotor 14 are located on the same axis, and the rotary table 13 and the slip ring rotor 14 can rotate coaxially; a connecting structure of a worm gear is adopted between the rotary table bottom plate 12 and the rotary table 13, and a servo motor is arranged in the rotary table bottom plate 12 for driving, so that the rotary table 13 can rotate on the rotary table bottom plate 12 at will; the turntable base plate 12 is further connected with a slip ring stator 16 through a slip ring stator connecting piece 15, the slip ring stator 16 is matched with the slip ring rotor 14, and the slip ring stator connecting piece 15 is located on the outer side of the turntable 13, that is, the slip ring rotor 14 is located on the inner side of the slip ring stator 16; at least two guide belts 28 are arranged between the slip ring rotor 14 and the slip ring stator 16, so that the slip ring rotor 14 and the slip ring stator 16 are coaxial, and the lateral limiting effect is achieved.
Two circles of slip ring rotor guide grooves 1401 are arranged on the slip ring rotor 14, and openings are formed in the slip ring stator 16 at the height corresponding to the slip ring rotor guide grooves 1401; the upper and lower positions of the slip ring rotor guide groove 1401 and the middle of the two rings of slip ring rotor guide grooves 1401 are provided with sealing rings 17; the slip ring rotor 14 has brushes in contact with the annular conductors of the slip ring stator 16 for supplying power to rotate.
Further, the rock freezing and thawing system comprises a water storage barrel 5, a freezing barrel 6 and a freezing circulation system, wherein the freezing barrel 6 is mounted above the slip ring rotor 14 and can synchronously rotate along with the slip ring rotor 14, the water storage barrel 5 is located above the freezing barrel 6, a liquid guide cushion block 7 is arranged between the water storage barrel 5 and the freezing barrel 6, a freezing barrel cover plate 602 is arranged at the top of the freezing barrel 6, the top of the liquid guide cushion block 7 is connected with the bottom of the water storage barrel 5, the bottom of the liquid guide cushion block 7 penetrates through the freezing barrel cover plate 602, and the bottom of the liquid guide cushion block 7 is located in the freezing barrel 6; a refrigerating fluid circulation cavity 601 is arranged on the outer side wall of the freezing barrel 6, and a heat insulation layer 603 is arranged on the outer side of the freezing barrel 6 and isolated from the outside;
the inner side of the bottom of the freezing barrel 6 is provided with a fixed cushion block 604 for placing a rock sample 8, a sample fixing sleeve 605 is arranged above the fixed cushion block 604, the rock sample 8 is placed on the fixed cushion block 604, the periphery of the bottom of the rock sample 8 is fixed by the sample fixing sleeve 605, and the stability of the rock sample 8 in the test process is ensured.
Further, the freezing circulation system comprises a cooling circulation pump 9, a cooling liquid inlet pipe 10 and a cooling liquid outlet pipe 11, wherein one end of the cooling liquid inlet pipe 10 is connected with the output end of the cooling circulation pump 9, the other end of the cooling liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the freezing liquid circulation cavity 601, one end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe 11 is connected with the input end of the cooling circulation pump 9, the other end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe is also communicated with the freezing liquid circulation cavity 601, the cooling circulation pump 9 pumps cooling liquid into the freezing liquid circulation cavity 601 through the cooling liquid inlet pipe 10, and finally the cooling liquid is returned to the freezing circulation pump 9 through the cooling liquid outlet pipe 11 to complete freezing and thawing circulation, and the cooling liquid adopts cooling liquid with good cooling performance such as liquid nitrogen;
specifically, the bottom of the refrigerating fluid circulation cavity 601 is provided with two openings, namely a cooling fluid inlet pipe opening and a cooling fluid outlet pipe opening, the two slip ring rotor diversion trenches 1401 are respectively corresponding to the cooling fluid inlet pipe 10 and the cooling fluid outlet pipe 11, openings are also arranged at positions on the slip ring rotor 14 corresponding to the cooling fluid inlet pipe opening and the cooling fluid outlet pipe opening, namely a cooling fluid inlet pipe opening connecting hole and a cooling fluid outlet pipe opening connecting hole, and sealing rings are arranged between the cooling fluid inlet pipe opening and the cooling fluid inlet pipe opening connecting hole and between the cooling fluid outlet pipe opening and the cooling fluid outlet pipe opening connecting hole and used for sealing refrigerating fluid; the slip ring rotor 14 is provided with two L-shaped connecting channels, wherein one L-shaped connecting channel is communicated with a cooling liquid inlet pipe opening connecting hole and a slip ring rotor diversion groove 1401 corresponding to the cooling liquid inlet pipe 10, the other L-shaped connecting channel is communicated with a cooling liquid outlet pipe opening connecting hole and a slip ring rotor diversion groove 1401 corresponding to the cooling liquid outlet pipe 11, and the slip ring stator 16 is also provided with two L-shaped connecting channels which are respectively communicated with the cooling liquid inlet pipe 10 and the cooling liquid outlet pipe 11 and the corresponding slip ring rotor diversion groove 1401; so form the structure of switching, the trompil on the cooperation sliding ring stator 16 can guarantee that sliding ring rotor 14 is rotatory when reaching arbitrary position, and the coolant liquid advances pipe 10 and coolant liquid exit tube 11 and all is unobstructed, and the upper and lower position of sliding ring rotor guiding gutter 1401 and two rings of sliding ring rotor guiding gutters 1401 middle all install sealing washer 17, can guarantee that the coolant liquid advances pipe 10 and coolant liquid exit tube 11 and does not cluster the chamber, comes from this to carry out rotatory confession liquid to the system.
Further, the fracture deformation measuring system is used for measuring the deformation condition of the rock sample 8 in the freeze thawing process, and specifically, the fracture deformation measuring system comprises a deformation sensor 18, a signal collector 21 and a computer 22, the deformation sensor 18 is attached to the outer surface of the rock sample 8 and can be used for monitoring the deformation condition of the rock sample fracture 801 of the rock sample 8 in the expansion process, the deformation sensor 18 is connected with the signal collector 21 through a deformation sensor wiring 19 and a deformation sensor wire joint 20, the deformation sensor wire joint 20 is located on the slip ring stator 16, the deformation sensor wiring 19 is divided into two sections, one section is connected with the deformation sensor wiring 19 and the deformation sensor wire joint 20, the other section is connected with the deformation sensor wire joint 20 and the signal collector 21, so that a switching structure is formed, and the slip ring rotor 14 can be ensured to rotate, the deformation sensor wire 19 does not become entangled; the signal collector 21 is in communication connection with the computer 22, data can be collected by deformation collection software on the computer 22 through signals collected by the signal collector 21, so that the change trend of a deformation curve along with time in the freezing process can be observed, and the deformation sensor 18 adopts a high-precision sensor.
Further, the fracture deformation measuring system is used for measuring the frost heaving force change condition of the rock sample 8 in the freeze-thaw process, specifically, the frost heaving force measuring system comprises a frost heaving force sensor 23, a signal collector 21 and a computer 22, the frost heaving force sensor 23 is placed in the rock sample fracture 801, and the monitoring of the frost heaving force evolution in the fracture expansion process can be carried out; the frost heaving force sensor 23 is connected with the signal collector 21 through a first frost heaving force line connector 24, a first frost heaving force sensor wiring 26, a second frost heaving force line connector 25 and a second frost heaving force sensor wiring 27, and the first frost heaving force line connector 24 and the second frost heaving force line connector 25 are both positioned on the slip ring stator 16; the first frost heaving force sensor wiring 26 and the second frost heaving force sensor wiring 27 are divided into two sections, one section of the first frost heaving force sensor wiring 26 is connected with the frost heaving force sensor 23 and the first frost heaving force line connector 24, and the other section of the first frost heaving force sensor wiring 26 is connected with the first frost heaving force line connector 24 and the signal collector 21; one section of the second frost heaving force sensor wiring 27 is connected with the frost heaving force sensor 23 and the second frost heaving force line connector 25, and the other section of the second frost heaving force sensor wiring is connected with the second frost heaving force line connector 25 and the signal collector 21; the switching structure is formed in this way, so that the situation that the connection wire 26 of the first frost heaving force sensor and the connection wire 27 of the second frost heaving force sensor are not wound in the rotating process of the slip ring rotor 14 can be ensured; the signal collector 21 is in communication connection with the computer 22, and signals collected by the signal collector 21 can be collected by frost heaving force collection software on the computer 22 so as to observe the change trend of a frost heaving force curve along with time in the freezing and thawing process.
Further, the monitoring method of the rock frost heaving deformation expansion real-time monitoring system for the ice-containing fracture comprises the following steps,
s1: pre-treating a rock sample;
specifically, the rock sample after the crack is prefabricated is soaked for 48 hours naturally to be subjected to water absorption saturation treatment, and then the processed crack end of the sample is subjected to sealing and water leakage prevention treatment by using a high-viscosity waterproof adhesive tape.
S2: placing the pretreated rock sample in a freezing barrel, and connecting a fracture deformation measurement system and a frost heaving force measurement system;
specifically, a rock sample is fixed on a fixed cushion block, a deformation sensor wiring, a first frost heaving force sensor wiring, a second frost heaving force sensor wiring, a cooling liquid inlet pipe and a cooling liquid outlet pipe are connected, and the deformation sensor subjected to waterproof treatment is arranged on the rock sample; and arranging the frost heaving force sensor subjected to waterproof treatment in the middle of the crack of the rock sample.
S3: injecting water into the rock sample in the freezing barrel for freezing treatment, and collecting deformation and frost heaving force data of the rock sample in a melting process in a freezing process;
specifically, S31: water is filled into the rock sample fracture through the water storage barrel, and the condition that the natural fracture is filled with water in a natural state can be simulated after water is filled due to the fact that the other side of the fracture is sealed;
s32: conveying cooling liquid to the freezing circulation cavity through a freezing circulation pump to perform freezing treatment on the rock sample;
s33: deformation and frost heaving data are collected through a deformation sensor, a frost heaving force sensor, a signal collector and deformation and frost heaving force collection software on a computer, and the change trends of a deformation curve and a frost heaving force curve along with time in the freezing process are observed;
s4: after the sample is frozen for 2.5h, stopping pumping cooling liquid to naturally melt the rock sample, collecting deformation and frost heaving force data in the melting process, and completing one freeze-thaw cycle;
s5: repeating the steps S1-S4 to finish multiple freeze-thaw cycles;
s6: in the process of freeze thawing circulation, selecting a certain moment, and scanning a CT image of a rock sample crack expansion form by using a CT scanning system;
specifically, S61: setting rock sample information, selecting or modifying scanning parameters (such as scanning height range, rotary table rotating speed, lifting speed, translation speed, step length, micro-motion parameters and the like) on a computer system control station of a computer;
s62: when scanning starts, an X-ray emitter emits X-rays, an area array detector receives signals, a rotating system and a vertical frame complete various required motions, and a scanning control subsystem connected with a CT scanning system performs real-time control to obtain a CT image of a crack expansion form at the scanning stage;
s64: when scanning is finished each time, the X-ray transmitter stops emitting beams, and all devices of the CT scanning system stop working;
s7: and inspecting the obtained CT image, positioning the defect height on the image when a suspicious defect is found on the image, and carrying out CT scanning reconstruction or retesting on the specified detection height.
And after the test is finished, the X-ray transmitter is turned off, the CT scanning is finished, after all detection tasks are finished, the power supply of the X-ray transmitter is turned off after the X-ray transmitter dissipates heat, the power supply of a computer is turned off, the switches of all subsystems are turned off, and the main power supply of the system is turned off.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. Rock contains frost heaving deformation expansion real-time supervision system in ice crack, its characterized in that: the system comprises a CT scanning system, a rock freezing and thawing system, a fracture deformation measuring system and a frost heaving force measuring system;
the CT scanning system comprises vertical frames (1), an area array detector (2), an X-ray transmitter (3), a rotating system and a base (4), wherein the two vertical frames (1) are symmetrically and oppositely arranged on the base (4), the inner side surface of one vertical frame (1) is connected with the area array detector (2) in a sliding mode, and the inner side surface of the other vertical frame (1) is connected with the X-ray transmitter (3) in a sliding mode; the rotating system is arranged on the base (4) and is positioned between the two vertical frames (1);
the rock freezing and thawing system comprises a water storage barrel (5), a freezing barrel (6) and a freezing circulation system, wherein the water storage barrel (5) is positioned above the freezing barrel (6), a liquid guide cushion block (7) is arranged between the water storage barrel (5) and the freezing barrel (6), a rock sample (8) is arranged in the freezing barrel (6), the freezing barrel (6) is arranged on the rotating system, and the freezing circulation system is connected with the freezing barrel (6);
the fracture deformation measuring system and the frost heaving force measuring system are both connected with a rock sample (8) and are respectively used for measuring the deformation condition and the frost heaving force change condition of the rock sample (8) in the freeze-thaw process, and the rock sample (8) contains rock sample fractures (801);
a refrigerating fluid circulation cavity (601) is arranged on the outer side wall of the refrigerating barrel (6), a refrigerating barrel cover plate (602) is arranged at the top of the refrigerating barrel (6), and a heat insulation layer (603) is arranged on the outer side of the refrigerating barrel (6);
a fixed cushion block (604) for placing the rock sample (8) is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the freezing barrel (6), and a sample fixed sleeve (605) is arranged above the fixed cushion block (604);
the refrigerating circulation system comprises a cooling circulation pump (9), a cooling liquid inlet pipe (10) and a cooling liquid outlet pipe (11), one end of the cooling liquid inlet pipe (10) is connected with the output end of the cooling circulation pump (9), and the other end of the cooling liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the refrigerating liquid circulation cavity (601); one end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe (11) is connected with the input end of the cooling circulating pump (9), and the other end of the cooling liquid outlet pipe is also communicated with the refrigerating liquid circulating cavity (601);
the rotating system comprises a rotary table bottom plate (12), the rotary table bottom plate (12) is fixedly arranged on the base (4), a rotary table (13) is arranged at the center of the rotary table bottom plate (12) in an upward rotating mode, and a slip ring rotor (14) is arranged above the rotary table (13); the rotary table bottom plate (12) is also connected with a slip ring stator (16) through a slip ring stator connecting piece (15), the slip ring stator (16) is matched with the slip ring rotor (14), and the slip ring stator connecting piece (15) is positioned on the outer side of the rotary table (13);
two circles of slip ring rotor guide grooves (1401) are formed in the slip ring rotor (14), and openings are formed in the slip ring stator (16) at the height corresponding to the slip ring rotor guide grooves (1401); sealing rings (17) are arranged at the upper position and the lower position of the slip ring rotor guide groove (1401) and between the two rings of slip ring rotor guide grooves (1401); at least two guide belts (28) are arranged between the slip ring rotor (14) and the slip ring stator (16);
the frost heaving force measuring system comprises a frost heaving force sensor (23), a signal collector (21) and a computer (22), the frost heaving force sensor (23) is placed in a rock sample crack (801), the frost heaving force sensor (23) is connected with a first frost heaving force line connector (24) and a second frost heaving force line connector (25), the first frost heaving force line connector (24) and the second frost heaving force line connector (25) are both positioned on the slip ring stator (16), the first frost heaving force line connector (24) and the second frost heaving force line connector (25) are respectively connected with the signal collector (21) through a first frost heaving force sensor wiring (26) and a second frost heaving force sensor wiring (27), the first frost heaving force sensor wiring (26) and the second frost heaving force sensor wiring (27) are equally divided into two sections, one section of the first frost heaving force sensor wiring (26) is connected with the first frost heaving force line connector (24), the other section is connected with a first frost heaving line joint (24) and a signal collector (21); one section of the second frost heaving force sensor wiring (27) is connected with the frost heaving force sensor (23) and the second frost heaving force line connector (25), and the other section of the second frost heaving force sensor wiring is connected with the second frost heaving force line connector (25) and the signal collector (21); the signal collector (21) is in communication connection with the computer (22).
2. The system for monitoring frost heave deformation expansion of an ice-containing fracture in rock in real time according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fracture deformation measuring system comprises a deformation sensor (18), a signal collector (21) and a computer (22), wherein the deformation sensor (18) is detachably mounted on a rock sample (8), the deformation sensor (18) is connected with the signal collector (21) through a deformation sensor wiring (19) and a deformation sensor wire joint (20), and the signal collector (21) is in communication connection with the computer (22).
3. The system for monitoring frost heave deformation expansion of an ice-containing fracture in rock in real time according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a transmission rail groove (101) is arranged on the inner side of each vertical rack (1), and the area array detector (2) and the X-ray transmitter (3) are respectively arranged on the transmission rail grooves (101) corresponding to the area array detector; a plurality of hoisting holes (102) are arranged on the side surface of each vertical rack (1) at equal intervals;
an X-ray emitting hole (301) is formed in the center of the X-ray emitter (3).
4. The monitoring method of the frost heave deformation propagation real-time monitoring system of the rock ice-containing fracture as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps,
s1: pre-treating a rock sample;
s2: placing the pretreated rock sample in a freezing barrel, and connecting a fracture deformation measurement system and a frost heaving force measurement system;
s3: injecting water into the rock sample in the freezing barrel for freezing treatment, and collecting deformation and frost heaving force data of the rock sample in a melting process in a freezing process;
s4: freezing the sample for 2.5h, stopping freezing, naturally melting the rock sample, collecting deformation and frost heaving force data in the melting process, and completing one freeze-thaw cycle;
s5: repeating the steps S1-S4 to finish multiple freeze-thaw cycles;
s6: in the process of freeze thawing circulation, scanning a CT image of a rock sample crack expansion form by using a CT scanning system;
s7: the resulting CT image is examined and processed accordingly.
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| CN112665947B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-12-20 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Acoustic monitoring device and method for rock damage in freeze-thaw-dry-wet environment |
| CN113109173A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-07-13 | 绍兴文理学院 | Test device for testing shear strength of frost heaving of rock ice-containing fracture |
| CN113984808B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-07-21 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Test method for expanding rock fracture by freezing method |
| CN113984807B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-07-21 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Test method for real-time expansion of rock fracture under freezing-thawing and fracturing actions |
| CN114485516B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-07-14 | 重庆交通大学 | Dangerous rock collapse real-time early warning method and system considering frost heaving force effect in fracture |
| CN115930769B (en) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-06-06 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Slope deformation measuring device, monitoring system, process model construction method and application |
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