CN113984807A - Test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing - Google Patents
Test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113984807A CN113984807A CN202111261280.8A CN202111261280A CN113984807A CN 113984807 A CN113984807 A CN 113984807A CN 202111261280 A CN202111261280 A CN 202111261280A CN 113984807 A CN113984807 A CN 113984807A
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Abstract
The invention provides a test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing, and relates to the technical field of rock detection. The test method comprises the following steps: loading a sample with a prefabricated crack into a test tube, and performing CT scanning to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram, wherein a tube body of the test tube is made of aluminum, can penetrate CT rays and can bear high confining pressure; sealing the test sample in the test tube; introducing fracture water into the test tube to enable the test sample to be hydraulically fractured; connecting a cold bath, and freezing fracture water in the test tube; after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant, melting the frozen fracture water and the sample; carrying out CT scanning on the sample to obtain a characteristic diagram of a freeze-thaw fracturing result; and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thaw fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain structural change characteristics, thereby determining the fracture expansion and extension rules of the sample and providing theoretical guidance for improving the mining rate of the coal seam and avoiding engineering damage caused by rock freezing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock detection, in particular to a test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing.
Background
The rock under the low-temperature environment has a heterogeneous, multi-phase and multi-level complex structure, and the strength of the rock is closely related to the initial microscopic structures such as joints, microcracks, particle pores, cavities and the like existing inside the rock. In the process of rock freezing, fracture water is frozen to form ice and the volume of the rock is expanded, but the volume of rock particles is shrunk, so that huge frost heaving force is generated between the microcracks and the rock mineral particles, and the frost heaving force has a destructive effect on the rock mineral particles with weak cementing strength, so that the rock structure is damaged; the external load promotes a large amount of microcracks to be initiated and expanded, and the damage domains are gradually communicated, so that the rock is damaged.
Such as rock slopes in cold regions, tunnels, road beds, underground oil and gas pipelines, underground low-temperature storage of liquefied natural gas and the like, the rock freezing problem exists to different degrees. The main engineering hazards of frozen rocks include freeze thawing and denudation of rock slopes, collapse to landslide, frost heaving cracking and instability of tunnel rock masses, frost heaving of rock cavities of oil transportation storage reservoirs, influence on the safety of storage tanks and the like. Therefore, the research on the change of the microscopic structure of the rock in the low-temperature freezing process is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing, which can realize continuous acquisition of temperature field data of the rock fracture in a freezing process and real-time monitoring of the development condition of frost heaving, and has the advantages of simple structure and strong operability.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
the invention provides a test method for rock fracture real-time expansion under freeze thawing and fracturing actions, which comprises the following steps:
loading a sample with a prefabricated crack into a test tube, and carrying out CT scanning to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram, wherein the tube body of the test tube is made of aluminum;
sealing the test sample in the test tube;
introducing fracture water into the test tube to enable the test sample to be hydraulically fractured;
connecting a cold bath, and freezing fracture water in the test tube;
after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant, melting the frozen fracture water and the sample;
carrying out CT scanning on the sample to obtain a characteristic diagram of a freeze-thaw fracturing result;
and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thaw fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain the structural change characteristic.
The test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze thawing and fracturing provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
1. the structural change characteristics of the sample are obtained by loading the sample into a test tube for testing and performing fracturing, freezing and melting operations on the sample, so that the crack expansion and extension rules of the sample are determined, and theoretical guidance is provided for improving the mining rate of a coal seam and avoiding engineering damage caused by rock freezing;
2. the test tube is used for containing the test sample, so that the crack of the test sample can be ensured to expand along a certain direction, the test sample is prevented from being damaged by brittleness, and the process characteristics of crack development can be collected accurately;
3. the body of test tube adopts aluminium to make, can see through the CT ray, is convenient for collect the process characteristics of crack development in real time through CT scanning, and in addition, test tube can bear high confining pressure, also is convenient for exert high pressure to the sample to the influence of simulation extreme environment to the rock.
In an alternative embodiment, before the step of loading a test tube with a pre-fabricated fracture sample, performing CT scanning to obtain a natural fracture distribution characteristic map, the test method based on rock fracture real-time propagation under freeze-thaw and fracturing further comprises:
the sample was sawn along its centerline to form a crack.
In an alternative embodiment, after the step of sawing the fracture along the center line of the sample to form the fracture, the test method based on real-time propagation of rock fracture under freeze-thaw and fracturing further comprises:
and adhering epoxy resin glue on the boundary line of the sample.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of sealing the test sample in the test tube comprises:
concrete is selected to wrap the sample, and a T-shaped sealing ring is arranged between the periphery of the top end of the sample and the inner wall of the test tube, so that the sample is sealed.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of flowing fracture water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the sample comprises:
fissure water was passed only through the top of the test tube.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of flowing fracture water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the sample comprises:
adding the pressure of the fracture water to a preset pressure value, and keeping the pressure for a first preset time, wherein the range of the preset pressure value is as follows: 7MPa to 9 MPa.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of freezing the fracture water in the test tube comprises:
and introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral pipe on the top cover of the test tube, cooling the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining the second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: -35 ℃ to-25 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of thawing the frozen fracture water and the sample after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant comprises:
and (3) introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral tube on the top cover of the test tube, heating the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining the temperature of the cold bath liquid for a second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: 15-25 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the test tube comprises:
the lower pipe is used for containing a sample;
the upper pipe is communicated with the lower pipe and is used for containing fracture water;
the cover plate is connected to the top end of the upper pipe, and is provided with a cold bath liquid inlet, a cold bath liquid outlet and a pressure water injection port;
and the backing plate is connected to the bottom end of the lower pipe.
In an alternative embodiment, the test tube further comprises:
the sealing ring is arranged between the base plate and the lower pipe, the sealing ring is arranged between the lower pipe and the upper pipe, and the sealing ring is arranged between the upper pipe and the cover plate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a testing method based on real-time expansion of rock fractures under freeze-thaw and fracturing actions according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a test tube;
fig. 3 is a statistical graph of CT numbers of coal petrography X9 in three states of pre-freezing, post-freezing, and post-freezing fracturing.
Icon: 10-test tube; 11-lower tube; 12-an upper pipe; 13-a cover plate; 14-a backing plate; 15-sealing ring; 16-a cold bath liquid inlet; 17-outlet of cold bath liquid; 18-pressure water injection port; 19-temperature sensor access; 20-flange plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a test method for real-time expansion of a rock fracture under freeze-thaw and fracturing actions, where the test method for real-time expansion of a rock fracture under freeze-thaw and fracturing actions includes the following steps:
s1: the samples were pretreated.
The sample may be any rock sample that needs to be detected, and in this embodiment, the sample is a rock sample or a coal sample.
First, the sample is sawn along its centerline to form a crack, which may or may not extend through the sample.
Secondly, bonding epoxy resin glue on the boundary line of the sample to keep the sample intact and ensure that the width of the crack is not less than 6 mm.
S2: and (3) loading the sample with the pre-formed crack into a test tube 10, and carrying out CT scanning to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram.
Referring to fig. 2, the test tube 10 includes a lower tube 11, an upper tube 12, a cover plate 13, a gasket 14 and a sealing ring 15, wherein the lower tube 11 is used for containing a sample, the upper tube 12 is communicated with the lower tube 11, the upper tube 12 is used for containing fracture water, the cover plate 13 is connected to the top end of the upper tube 12, the cover plate 13 is provided with a cold bath inlet 16, a cold bath outlet 17 and a pressure water injection port 18, and the gasket 14 is connected to the bottom end of the lower tube 11. A seal ring 15 is provided between the shim plate 14 and the lower pipe 11, a seal ring 15 is provided between the lower pipe 11 and the upper pipe 12, and a seal ring 15 is provided between the upper pipe 12 and the cover plate 13. The side wall of the lower pipe 11 is provided with a temperature sensor access port 19, and the lower pipe 11 is connected with the upper pipe 12 by a flange plate 20 with a hole. The tube body of the test tube 10 is made of aluminum, that is, the lower tube 11, the upper tube 12, the cover plate 13 and the base plate 14 can be made of aluminum, so that the test tube can bear high confining pressure, the pressure bearing limit can reach 20MPa, CT rays can be penetrated, nondestructive real-time CT scanning of a sample is achieved, and monitoring precision is improved.
The test tube 10 may have an outer diameter of 114mm, a wall thickness of 6mm and a height of 434 mm. The inner side of the cover plate 13 can be connected with a spiral pipe for introducing cold bath liquid and is communicated with a cold bath liquid inlet 16, the cold bath liquid inlet 16 and a cold bath liquid outlet 17 are both communicated with a cold bath liquid circulating box, a pressure water injection port 18 can be communicated with a pressure test pump, and the discharge capacity of the pressure test pump can be 7.2L/min.
The specific operation process comprises the following steps: and placing the sample in the lower pipe 11, marking scanning sections at different heights of the sample, and performing CT scanning to obtain a natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram.
S3: the test tube 10 is filled with the sample and sealed.
The embodiment is verified through many times of tests, and to the sealed of sample, choose for use concrete parcel sample to place T type sealing washer around the top of sample and the inner wall of test tube 10, utilize T type sealing washer pressurized and the horizontal flexible characteristic, realize the sealed of sample, sealed effect is better, also makes the crack water pour into along the crack of sample.
In addition, a temperature sensor needs to be attached to the sample tube. Specifically, a Pt100 platinum resistance temperature sensor is selected to monitor real-time changes of the temperature of the sample at different heights. The temperature sensor is fixed on the side wall of the test tube 10 through the threaded clamping sleeve, so that the test tube 10 is sealed and the high pressure is borne. A temperature sensor was placed at the bottom outlet of the test tube 10 and the temperature of the cold bath flowing to the outlet in the crevices of the sample was monitored. The temperature profile of each section of the liquid and sample in the test tube 10 was monitored over time using a DT80 data acquisition instrument.
S4: fissure water is introduced into the test tube 10 to hydraulically fracture the sample.
Only let in the crack water from the top of test tube 10 through pressure water filling port 18 to add the pressure of crack water to preset pressure value, and keep first preset for a long time, wherein, the scope of preset pressure value is: 7 to 9MPa, preferably 8 MPa.
S5: freezing the crevice water in the test tube 10.
Specifically, the cold bath liquid circulating box is opened to introduce cold bath liquid into the spiral pipe on the top cover of the test tube 10, the temperature of the sample is reduced until the temperature of the sample is constant, and the second preset time is maintained, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: the temperature is between 35 ℃ below zero and 25 ℃ below zero, preferably 30 ℃ below zero, a DT80 data acquisition instrument is adopted to acquire temperature data in real time, and the second preset time can be 1 h.
S6: after the temperature of the sample in the test tube 10 is constant, the frozen fracture water and the sample are melted.
Specifically, cold bath liquid is introduced into the spiral tube on the top cover of the test tube 10, the temperature of the sample is raised until the temperature of the sample is constant, and the second preset time is maintained, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, preferably 20 ℃.
S7: and carrying out CT scanning on the sample to obtain a freeze-thaw fracturing result characteristic diagram.
Specifically, in S2, scanning cross sections are marked at different heights of the sample, and in this step, CT scanning is still performed on the sample at the marked scanning cross sections, so as to obtain a freeze-thaw fracturing result characteristic diagram.
S8: and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thaw fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain the structural change characteristic.
The test method for rock fracture real-time expansion based on freeze-thaw and fracturing effects provided by the embodiment is mainly characterized in that water in the fracture of the sample is frozen and frost-swelled through hydraulic fracturing and low-temperature freezing, so that the fracture of the sample is further expanded and extended. The main evaluation factors for the freezing transformation effect of the sample are as follows: and judging whether the crack of the sample is changed or not. And scanning the samples subjected to hydraulic fracturing before and after freezing by adopting a CT scanning method, and judging the freezing and reforming effects of the samples according to the change of cracks in the samples.
The test method based on rock fracture real-time expansion under freeze-thaw and fracturing effects provided by the embodiment has the beneficial effects that:
1. the structural change characteristics of the sample are obtained by loading the sample into the test tube 10 for testing and performing fracturing, freezing and melting operations on the sample, so that the crack expansion and extension rules of the sample are determined, and theoretical guidance is provided for improving the mining rate of a coal seam and avoiding engineering damage caused by rock freezing;
2. the test tube 10 is used for containing the test sample, so that the crack of the test sample can be ensured to expand along a certain direction, the test sample is prevented from being damaged by brittleness, and the process characteristic of crack development can be collected accurately;
3. the body of test tube 10 adopts aluminium to make, can see through the CT ray, is convenient for collect the process characteristics of crack development in real time through CT scanning, and in addition, test tube 10 can bear high confining pressure, also is convenient for exert high pressure to the sample to the influence of simulation extreme environment to the rock.
Referring to fig. 3, this example provides a set of experimental examples, which are obtained by performing an experiment on coal petrography X9 and counting CT numbers of coal petrography X9 in three states of before freezing, after freezing and after freezing fracturing.
As can be seen from fig. 3, after the coal rock X9 is frozen, the CT number is reduced as a whole compared with before the coal rock X9 is frozen, which indicates that the freezing causes the increase of coal rock fractures and the reduction of coal rock density, but the improvement effect of the hydraulic fracturing on the coal rock fractures is not obvious because of the lateral constraint around the coal rock during the hydraulic fracturing. Furthermore, since the CT number is directly related to the density, the degree of development of microcracks in the sample can be determined from the obtained CT image, and damage evaluation can be performed on the rock-soil mass.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A test method for rock fracture real-time expansion under freeze thawing and fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
loading a sample with a prefabricated crack into a test tube, and carrying out CT scanning to obtain a natural crack distribution characteristic diagram, wherein the tube body of the test tube is made of aluminum;
sealing the test sample in the test tube;
introducing fracture water into the test tube to enable the test sample to be hydraulically fractured;
connecting a cold bath, and freezing the fracture water in the test tube;
after the temperature of the sample in the test tube is constant, melting the frozen fracture water and the sample;
carrying out CT scanning on the sample to obtain a freeze-thaw fracturing result characteristic diagram;
and comparing the natural fracture distribution characteristic diagram with the freeze-thaw fracturing result characteristic diagram to obtain structural change characteristics.
2. The method for testing rock fracture real-time propagation under freezing and thawing and fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the step of loading the pre-cracked sample into a test tube and performing CT scanning to obtain a natural fracture distribution characteristic map, the method for testing rock fracture real-time propagation under freezing and thawing and fracturing further comprises:
sawing a slit along the centerline of the sample to form the slit.
3. The method for testing the real-time propagation of rock fractures under freezing and thawing and fracturing as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the step of sawing along the center line of the sample to form the fractures, the method for testing the real-time propagation of rock fractures under freezing and thawing and fracturing further comprises:
and adhering epoxy resin glue on the boundary line of the sample.
4. The freeze-thaw and fracture based real-time rock fracture propagation test method of claim 1, wherein the step of sealing the test sample in the test tube comprises:
and selecting concrete to wrap the sample, and placing a T-shaped sealing ring between the periphery of the top end of the sample and the inner wall of the test tube to seal the sample.
5. The method for testing rock fracture real-time propagation under freezing and thawing and fracturing actions according to claim 1, wherein the step of introducing fracture water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the test sample comprises the following steps:
the fracture water was passed only from the top end of the test tube.
6. The method for testing rock fracture real-time propagation under freezing and thawing and fracturing actions according to claim 1, wherein the step of introducing fracture water into the test tube to hydraulically fracture the test sample comprises the following steps:
adding the pressure of the fracture water to a preset pressure value, and keeping the pressure for a first preset time, wherein the range of the preset pressure value is as follows: 7MPa to 9 MPa.
7. The method for testing rock fracture propagation in real time under freezing and thawing and fracturing actions as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of connecting a cold bath, freezing said fracture water in said test tube comprises:
and introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral pipe on the top cover of the test pipe, cooling the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining for a second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: -35 ℃ to-25 ℃.
8. The method for testing rock fracture propagation under freezing and thawing and fracturing actions according to claim 1, wherein the step of thawing the frozen fracture water and the sample after the temperature of the sample in the pipe to be tested is constant comprises the following steps:
and introducing cold bath liquid into the spiral pipe on the top cover of the test pipe, heating the sample until the temperature of the sample is constant, and maintaining for a second preset time, wherein the temperature of the cold bath liquid is as follows: 15-25 ℃.
9. The freeze-thaw and fracturing action based real-time rock fracture propagation test method according to claim 1, wherein the test tube comprises:
the lower pipe is used for containing the sample;
the upper pipe is communicated with the lower pipe and is used for containing the fracture water;
the cover plate is connected to the top end of the upper pipe, and a cold bath liquid inlet, a cold bath liquid outlet and a pressure water injection port are formed in the cover plate;
and the backing plate is connected to the bottom end of the lower pipe.
10. The freeze-thaw and fracturing action based real-time rock fracture propagation test method of claim 9, wherein the test tube further comprises:
the sealing ring is arranged between the base plate and the lower pipe, the sealing ring is arranged between the lower pipe and the upper pipe, and the sealing ring is arranged between the upper pipe and the cover plate.
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| CN115078121A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-09-20 | 太原理工大学 | Indirect visual rock multi-cluster fracturing indoor test device and method |
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