CN112028706A - Production process of agricultural microbial agent - Google Patents

Production process of agricultural microbial agent Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112028706A
CN112028706A CN202010992088.5A CN202010992088A CN112028706A CN 112028706 A CN112028706 A CN 112028706A CN 202010992088 A CN202010992088 A CN 202010992088A CN 112028706 A CN112028706 A CN 112028706A
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fermentation
strains
strain
temperature
microbial agent
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程朝辉
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Shandong Sijiwang Agrochemical Co ltd
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Shandong Sijiwang Agrochemical Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a production process of an agricultural microbial agent, which comprises the following steps: s1, strain propagation: carrying out propagation on the test tube strains to obtain propagation strains; s2, proportioning basic raw materials: the base raw materials specifically comprise the following components in parts by weight: the sugar residue is 280-320 kg; 160kg of lignin and 240kg of lignin; 150kg of smoke powder and 210kg of smoke powder; 80-120kg of calcium powder; propagating strains for 1.5-2 KG; 100kg of bean cypress; 68.4-108kg of bentonite; s3, inoculating strains into the stirred basic raw materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, inoculating a propagation-expanding strain, and mixing; s4, fermentation: adjusting the moisture of the mixed material inoculated with the strain, and then decomposing and fermenting to prepare an organic raw material; s5, mixing and crushing: respectively feeding the organic raw material and the inorganic raw material into a pulverizer to be mixed, stirred and pulverized to obtain a material; s6, granulating: the materials are sent into a granulator for granulation, and are subjected to drying, cooling, functional bacteria strain adsorption, qualified detection, packaging and warehousing to prepare the agricultural microbial agent.

Description

Production process of agricultural microbial agent
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production process of an agricultural microbial agent, in particular to a production process of an agricultural microbial agent which is simple in production process, low in production and use cost and good in quality of the produced agricultural microbial agent, and belongs to the technical field of biological products.
Background
In agricultural planting, the growth and development of crops need various nutrient elements, so that the planted crops need to be fertilized, the existing agricultural fertilizers comprise chemical fertilizers, biological fertilizers, agricultural microbial agents and the like, wherein the application of the chemical fertilizers to the soil where the crops grow can promote the growth of the crops and make plant cell tissues thick, but the defects are that the tissue structure is weak, and the resistance of the crops to diseases is reduced; harmful microorganisms in the soil can be propagated, so that the soil is invaded by disease bacteria; and the chemical fertilizer is applied in large quantity for a long time, so that the soil is hardened more and more, and the plant production is influenced.
The microbial fertilizer organically combines inorganic nutrient elements, organic matters and microorganisms into a whole, embodies the quick acting of inorganic fertilizers, the long acting of organic fertilizers, the synergizing of nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-dissolving and potassium-releasing bacteria and the disease resistance of antagonistic bacteria, reduces the application amount of the fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer by more than 20 percent, and has multiple effects of loosening soil, nourishing roots, fertilizing fields, controlling pests, increasing yield and the like, but the microbial fertilizer with single strain and single function of the biological bacterial fertilizer cannot meet the requirement of modern agricultural development.
The agricultural microbial inoculum is applied to the soil for growing crops, so that the soil property and the nutrient abundance are obviously improved, the agricultural microbial inoculum plays a positive role in the growth of the crops and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, can improve the crop yield, does not pollute the environment, but has slow effect taking speed after the application of the existing agricultural microbial inoculum, can not enhance the resistance of the crops, can not improve the number of flowering and granulation, has low use effect, is complicated in production process and high in production cost, further has high use cost, and greatly reduces the economic benefit of farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a production process of an agricultural microbial agent, which has the advantages of simple production process, low production and use cost and good quality of the produced agricultural microbial agent.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a production process of an agricultural microbial agent comprises the following steps:
s1, strain propagation: carrying out propagation on test tube strains in a triangular flask, a seeding tank and a fermentation tank to obtain propagation strains;
s2, proportioning basic raw materials: the basic raw materials specifically comprise the following components in parts by weight: the sugar residue is 280-320 kg; 160kg of lignin and 240kg of lignin; 150kg of smoke powder and 210kg of smoke powder; 80-120kg of calcium powder; propagating strains for 1.5-2 KG; 100kg of bean cypress; 68.4-108kg of bentonite;
s3, inoculating strains into the stirred basic raw materials: sugar residues are treated; lignin; tobacco powder; calcium powder; adding bean cypress into a mixer for mixing, and then inoculating the propagation-expanding strain into the mixed material;
s4, fermentation: adjusting the moisture of the mixed material inoculated with the strain, then carrying out decomposing fermentation, wherein the decomposing fermentation is divided into three stages, and recording the fermentation temperature every 2 hours after the decomposing fermentation starts to prepare the organic raw material;
s5, mixing and crushing: respectively weighing organic raw materials and inorganic raw materials, then feeding the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials into a crusher to be mixed, stirred and crushed to obtain materials;
s6, granulating: and (3) feeding the materials into a granulator for granulation, drying, cooling, adsorbing functional bacteria, detecting, packaging and warehousing to obtain the agricultural microbial agent.
The following is a further optimization of the above technical solution of the present invention:
the strains in step S1 are: bacillus, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
Further optimization: the step S1 of expanding strains comprises the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out propagation on test tube strains of all strains, inoculating the strains into a triangular flask, and then putting the triangular flask into a shaking table for inoculation and culture for 15-20 hours, wherein the culture environment is 35-37 ℃, so as to obtain triangular flask strains;
2) sterilizing an empty seeding tank at 121-125 ℃, cooling the seeding tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, sterilizing again at 121-125 ℃, cooling, inoculating 1L of strain in a triangular flask, and culturing at the ambient temperature of 35-37 ℃ for 24-48 hours to obtain a seeding tank strain;
3) sterilizing an empty tank fermentation tank at 121-125 ℃, cooling the fermentation tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, sterilizing at 121-125 ℃ again, inoculating a seed tank strain into the fermentation tank after cooling, culturing for 24-48 hours at the environment temperature of 35-37 ℃, and preparing a propagation strain after fermentation is finished;
4) and concentrating, storing and detecting the expanded strains in the fermentation tank to be qualified, and then placing for later use.
Further optimization: the culture material in the seed tank in the step 2) specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100L of water; peptone 1 kg; 300g of beef extract; 2kg of glucose; 500g of table salt, wherein the water is purified water.
Further optimization: the culture material in the fermentation tank in the step 3) specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200L of water; 2kg of peptone; 600g of beef extract; 4kg of glucose; 1kg of table salt, wherein the water is purified water.
Further optimization: the tobacco powder in the step S2 is made by crushing the straws of the tobacco, and the whole length of the tobacco powder is less than or equal to 5 cm.
Further optimization: when the moisture is adjusted in the step S4, the moisture of the mixed material to which the strains are inoculated is 50%.
Further optimization: the specific steps of the decomposing fermentation in the step S4 include:
a) and the first stage fermentation initial stage: the initial fermentation period is 1-3 days after the start of the decomposed fermentation, and the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃;
b) and a second-stage high-temperature fermentation period: when the temperature of the fertilizer pile rises to more than 45 ℃, entering a high-temperature fermentation period, starting the fermentation of the fertilizer pile for 2-3 days, rising the temperature of the fertilizer pile to more than 55 ℃, reaching the maximum value of the temperature of the fertilizer pile within 1 week, controlling the fermentation temperature of the fertilizer pile to be about 50 ℃ through composting and dumping, and continuing for 5-7 days, wherein in the fermentation at this stage, the formation process of humus is started;
c) and in the third-stage rotting stage, in the last stage of the high-temperature fermentation stage, residual organic matters which are difficult to decompose are further decomposed, and the fertilizer piles are turned over for ventilation, so that the organic raw materials are prepared.
Further optimization: in step S5, the organic material is the organic material obtained by fermentation in step S4, and the inorganic material is 68.4-108kg of bentonite.
Further optimization: in the step S6, the functional bacteria are bacillus subtilis and bacillus, and the weight of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus is 1.5-2 kg.
By adopting the technical scheme, the agricultural microbial agent is ingenious in conception, can be prepared, has high organic matter content, has the effects of improving the soil structure, fertilizing the soil fertility and enhancing the stress resistance of crops, can be widely applied to the fertilization of agricultural economic crops, can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses in the soil, prevent the harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses from harming the growth of the crops, increase the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops, has the good effect of degrading organic phosphorus in the soil, has the comprehensive effects of stimulating the growth of the plants, inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and the like, and has a good use effect.
Meanwhile, the agricultural microbial agent has no residue and toxic or side effect, can regulate the metabolism of crops and stimulate the growth of the crops, so that the crops achieve the effect of increasing the yield, have no pollution and low cost, can alleviate plant diseases and insect pests and effectively relieve soil hardening, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for producing a microbial inoculum in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the strain propagation process in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-2: a production process of an agricultural microbial agent comprises the following steps:
s1, strain propagation: and performing propagation on the test tube strains in a triangular flask, in a seeding tank and in a fermentation tank to obtain the propagation strains.
The strains in the step S1 adopt the following steps: bacillus, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
The step S1 of expanding strains comprises the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out propagation on test tube strains of all strains, inoculating the test tube strains into a triangular flask, and then putting the triangular flask into a shaking table for inoculation and culture for 15 hours, wherein the culture environment is 35 ℃, and obtaining the triangular flask strains.
2) Placing the empty seed tank into sterilizing equipment for sterilizing at 121 ℃, cooling the seed tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, placing the seed tank into the sterilizing equipment at 121 ℃ for sterilizing again, cooling, inoculating 1L of strain in a triangular flask, and culturing at the environment temperature of 35 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the strain in the seed tank.
The capacity of the seeding tank in the step 2) is 100L, and the culture material specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100L of water; peptone 1 kg; 300g of beef extract; 2kg of glucose; 500g of common salt.
The water adopted by the culture material in the step 2) is purified water.
3) Putting the empty tank fermentation tank into sterilization equipment for 121 ℃ sterilization, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion after cooling the fermentation tank, putting the fermentation tank into the 121 ℃ sterilization equipment for secondary sterilization again, adjusting the pressure of the seed tank and the fermentation tank after cooling, inoculating the strain of the seed tank into the fermentation tank, culturing for 24 hours at the environment temperature of 35 ℃, and preparing the expanded propagation strain after fermentation.
The capacity of the fermentation tank in the step 3) is 200L, and the culture material specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200L of water; 2kg of peptone; 600g of beef extract; 4kg of glucose; 1kg of common salt.
The water adopted by the culture material in the step 3) is purified water.
4) And concentrating, storing and detecting the expanded strains in the fermentation tank to be qualified, and then placing for later use.
The bacillus is the existing common strain and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and the bacillus is preserved in China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center with the preservation number as follows: ACCC 10167.
The bacillus subtilis is an existing common strain and can be directly purchased from the market, and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 3363.
The lactobacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are the existing common strains and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market.
The yeast is the existing common strain and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and the yeast is preserved in China Industrial microorganism culture Collection with the preservation number as follows: the CICC 1001.
The actinomycetes are the existing common strains and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and are preserved in China Industrial microorganism culture Collection center with the preservation number as follows: CICCNO.10672.
S2, proportioning basic raw materials: the basic raw materials specifically comprise the following components in parts by weight: 300kg of sugar residues; 200kg of lignin; 190kg of tobacco powder; 100kg of calcium powder; propagating strains 2 KG; 100kg of bean cypress; 108kg of bentonite.
The tobacco powder in the step S2 is prepared by crushing the straws of the tobacco, and the whole length of the tobacco powder is less than or equal to 5 cm.
S3, inoculating strains into the stirred basic raw materials: 300kg of sugar residues; 200kg of lignin; 190kg of tobacco powder; 100kg of calcium powder; 100kg of bean cypress is put into a mixer for mixing, and then the propagation expanding strains are inoculated into the mixed material.
S4, fermentation: and (4) adjusting the water content of the mixed material of the strains inoculated in the step (S3), then carrying out decomposition fermentation, wherein the decomposition fermentation is divided into three stages, and the fermentation temperature is recorded every 2 hours after the decomposition fermentation is started, so that the organic raw material is prepared.
When the moisture is adjusted in the step S4, the moisture of the mixed material for inoculating the strain is 50%.
The specific steps of the decomposing fermentation in the step S4 comprise:
a) and the first stage fermentation initial stage: in the initial fermentation period, within 1-3 days from the beginning of the decomposed fermentation, the microorganisms in the fertilizer pile utilize soluble and easily degradable organic matters as nutrition and energy sources, quickly proliferate and release heat to continuously raise the temperature of the fertilizer pile, the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃, bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the strain are usually propagated to decompose cellulose and hemicellulose, and the generation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited.
b) And a second-stage high-temperature fermentation period: when the temperature of the fertilizer pile is increased to more than 45 ℃, the high-temperature fermentation period is started, the fermentation time of the fertilizer pile is 2-3 days, the temperature of the fertilizer pile is increased to 55 ℃, the highest value of the temperature of the fertilizer pile can be reached within 1 week, at the moment, the heat microorganisms in the propagation strain gradually replace the heat microorganisms, complex organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like remained in the previous stage are strongly decomposed, the activity is carried out at the temperature of the fertilizer pile of about 50 ℃, the high temperature of main heat-producing fungi plays a role in decomposing the complex organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like to the rapid decomposition of the fermentation, and the formation process of humus is started in the fermentation in the stage.
In the step b), the temperature of the compost is reduced through composting and reverse composting, but the fermentation temperature is required to be controlled to be about 50 ℃ and lasts for 5 days.
c) And in the third-stage rotting stage, only part of the organic matters which are difficult to decompose and newly formed humus are left at the end of the high-temperature fermentation stage, the microbial activity is reduced, the calorific value is reduced, the residual organic matters which are difficult to decompose are further decomposed, the humus is fermented to enter the rotting stage, and the fertilizer pile is turned over for ventilation to prepare the organic raw material.
S5, mixing and crushing: respectively weighing the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials, then feeding the weighed organic raw materials and inorganic raw materials into a crusher to mix, stir and crush the materials to obtain the material.
In step S5, the organic material is the organic material obtained by fermentation in step S4, and the inorganic material is 108kg of bentonite.
S6, granulating: and (3) feeding the mixed and crushed materials into a granulator for granulation, drying, cooling, adsorbing functional bacteria, detecting, packaging, and warehousing to obtain the agricultural microbial agent.
The functional bacteria in the step S6 are bacillus subtilis and bacillus, and the weight of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus is 2 kg.
The agricultural microbial agent can be prepared by the process, has high organic matter content, has the effects of improving the soil structure, fertilizing the soil fertility and enhancing the stress resistance of crops, can be widely applied to the fertilization of agricultural economic crops, can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses in the soil, prevent the harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses from harming the growth of the crops, increase the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops, has the good effect of degrading organic phosphorus in the soil, has the comprehensive effects of stimulating the growth of the plants, inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and the like, and has good use effect.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1-2: a production process of an agricultural microbial agent comprises the following steps:
s1, strain propagation: carrying out triangular flask propagation, seeding tank propagation and fermentation tank propagation on test tube strains to obtain propagation strains, wherein the strains adopt the following steps: bacillus, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
The strain propagation specifically comprises the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out propagation on test tube strains of all strains, inoculating the test tube strains into a triangular flask, and then placing the triangular flask into a shaking table for inoculation and culture for 17 hours, wherein the culture environment is 36 ℃, and thus obtaining the triangular flask strains.
2) Placing the empty seed tank into a sterilization device for sterilization at 123 ℃, cooling the seed tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, placing the seed tank into the sterilization device at 123 ℃ again for sterilization again, cooling, inoculating 1L of strain in a triangular flask, and culturing at 36 ℃ for 36 hours to obtain the strain in the seed tank.
The capacity of the seeding tank in the step 2) is 100L, and the culture material specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100L of water; peptone 1 kg; 300g of beef extract; 2kg of glucose; 500g of table salt, and the water is purified water.
3) Putting the empty fermentation tank into a sterilization device for sterilization at 123 ℃, cooling the fermentation tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, putting the fermentation tank into the sterilization device at 123 ℃ again for sterilization again, adjusting the pressure of the seeding tank and the fermentation tank after cooling, inoculating the strain in the seeding tank into the fermentation tank, culturing for 36 hours at 36 ℃ and preparing the expanded propagation strain after fermentation.
The capacity of the fermentation tank in the step 3) is 200L, and the culture material specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200L of water; 2kg of peptone; 600g of beef extract; 4kg of glucose; 1kg of table salt, and the water is purified water.
4) And concentrating, storing and detecting the expanded strains in the fermentation tank to be qualified, and then placing for later use.
The bacillus is the existing common strain and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and the bacillus is preserved in China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center with the preservation number as follows: ACCC 10167.
The bacillus subtilis is an existing common strain and can be directly purchased from the market, and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 3363.
The lactobacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are the existing common strains and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market.
The yeast is the existing common strain and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and the yeast is preserved in China Industrial microorganism culture Collection with the preservation number as follows: the CICC 1001.
The actinomycetes are the existing common strains and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and are preserved in China Industrial microorganism culture Collection center with the preservation number as follows: CICCNO.10672.
S2, proportioning basic raw materials: the basic raw materials specifically comprise the following components in parts by weight: 320kg of sugar residues; 160kg of lignin; 210kg of tobacco powder; 120kg of calcium powder; propagating strains for 1.5 KG; 120kg of bean cypress; 68.5kg of bentonite.
The tobacco powder in the step S2 is prepared by crushing the straws of the tobacco, and the whole length of the tobacco powder is less than or equal to 5 cm.
S3, inoculating strains into the stirred basic raw materials: 320kg of sugar residues; 160kg of lignin; 210kg of tobacco powder; 120kg of calcium powder; 120kg of bean cypress is put into a mixer for mixing, and then the propagation expanding strains are inoculated into the mixed material.
S4, fermentation: and (4) adjusting the water content of the mixed material of the strains inoculated in the step (S3) to 50%, then carrying out decomposition fermentation, wherein the decomposition fermentation is divided into three stages, and recording the fermentation temperature every 2 hours after the decomposition fermentation starts to prepare the organic raw material.
The specific steps of the decomposition fermentation comprise:
a) and the first stage fermentation initial stage: in the initial fermentation period, within 1-3 days from the beginning of the decomposed fermentation, the microorganisms in the fertilizer pile utilize soluble and easily degradable organic matters as nutrition and energy sources, quickly proliferate and release heat to continuously raise the temperature of the fertilizer pile, the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃, bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the strain are usually propagated to decompose cellulose and hemicellulose, and the generation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited.
b) And a second-stage high-temperature fermentation period: when the temperature of the fertilizer pile is increased to more than 45 ℃, the high-temperature fermentation period is started, the fermentation time of the fertilizer pile is 2-3 days, the temperature of the fertilizer pile is increased to 55 ℃, the highest value of the temperature of the fertilizer pile can be reached within 1 week, at the moment, the heat microorganisms in the propagation strain gradually replace the heat microorganisms, complex organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like remained in the previous stage are strongly decomposed, the activity is carried out at the temperature of the fertilizer pile of about 50 ℃, the high temperature of main heat-producing fungi plays a role in decomposing the complex organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like to the rapid decomposition of the fermentation, and the formation process of humus is started in the fermentation in the stage.
In the step b), the temperature of the compost is reduced through composting and reverse composting, but the fermentation temperature is required to be controlled to be about 50 ℃ and lasts for 6 days.
c) And in the third-stage rotting stage, only part of the organic matters which are difficult to decompose and newly formed humus are left at the end of the high-temperature fermentation stage, the microbial activity is reduced, the calorific value is reduced, the residual organic matters which are difficult to decompose are further decomposed, the humus is fermented to enter the rotting stage, and the fertilizer pile is turned over for ventilation to prepare the organic raw material.
S5, mixing and crushing: respectively weighing the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials, then feeding the weighed organic raw materials and inorganic raw materials into a crusher to mix, stir and crush the materials to obtain the material.
In step S5, the organic material is the organic material obtained by fermentation in step S4, and the inorganic material is 68.5kg of bentonite.
S6, granulating: and (3) feeding the mixed and crushed materials into a granulator for granulation, drying, cooling, adsorbing functional bacteria, detecting, packaging, and warehousing to obtain the agricultural microbial agent.
The functional bacteria in the step S6 are bacillus subtilis and bacillus, and the weight of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus is 1.5 kg.
The agricultural microbial agent can be prepared by the process, has high organic matter content, has the effects of improving the soil structure, fertilizing the soil fertility and enhancing the stress resistance of crops, can be widely applied to the fertilization of agricultural economic crops, can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses in the soil, prevent the harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses from harming the growth of the crops, increase the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops, has the good effect of degrading organic phosphorus in the soil, has the comprehensive effects of stimulating the growth of the plants, inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and the like, and has good use effect.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 1-2: a production process of an agricultural microbial agent comprises the following steps:
s1, strain propagation: carrying out triangular flask propagation, seeding tank propagation and fermentation tank propagation on test tube strains to obtain propagation strains, wherein the strains adopt the following steps: bacillus, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
The strain propagation specifically comprises the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out propagation on test tube strains of all strains, inoculating the test tube strains into a triangular flask, and then putting the triangular flask into a shaking table for inoculation and culture for 20 hours, wherein the culture environment is 37 ℃, so as to obtain the triangular flask strains.
2) Placing the empty seed tank into a sterilization device for sterilization at 125 ℃, cooling the seed tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, placing the seed tank into the sterilization device at 125 ℃ again for sterilization again, cooling, inoculating 1L of strain in a triangular flask, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain the strain in the seed tank.
The capacity of the seeding tank in the step 2) is 100L, and the culture material specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100L of water; peptone 1 kg; 300g of beef extract; 2kg of glucose; 500g of table salt, and the water is purified water.
3) Putting the empty fermentation tank into a sterilization device for sterilization at 125 ℃, cooling the fermentation tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, putting the fermentation tank into the sterilization device at 125 ℃ again for sterilization again, adjusting the pressure of the seed tank and the fermentation tank after cooling, inoculating the strain in the seed tank into the fermentation tank, culturing for 48 hours at 37 ℃, and preparing the expanded propagation strain after fermentation.
The capacity of the fermentation tank in the step 3) is 200L, and the culture material specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200L of water; 2kg of peptone; 600g of beef extract; 4kg of glucose; 1kg of table salt, and the water is purified water.
4) And concentrating, storing and detecting the expanded strains in the fermentation tank to be qualified, and then placing for later use.
The bacillus is the existing common strain and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and the bacillus is preserved in China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center with the preservation number as follows: ACCC 10167.
The bacillus subtilis is an existing common strain and can be directly purchased from the market, and is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 3363.
The lactobacillus and the photosynthetic bacteria are the existing common strains and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market.
The yeast is the existing common strain and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and the yeast is preserved in China Industrial microorganism culture Collection with the preservation number as follows: the CICC 1001.
The actinomycetes are the existing common strains and can be directly purchased and obtained from the market, and are preserved in China Industrial microorganism culture Collection center with the preservation number as follows: CICCNO.10672.
S2, proportioning basic raw materials: the basic raw materials specifically comprise the following components in parts by weight: 280kg of sugar residues; 240kg of lignin; 150kg of tobacco powder; 80kg of calcium powder; propagating strains with 1.6 KG; 180kg of bean cypress; 68.4kg of bentonite.
The tobacco powder in the step S2 is prepared by crushing the straws of the tobacco, and the whole length of the tobacco powder is less than or equal to 5 cm.
S3, inoculating strains into the stirred basic raw materials: 280kg of sugar residues; 240kg of lignin; 150kg of tobacco powder; 80kg of calcium powder; adding 180kg of bean cypress into a mixer for mixing, and then inoculating the propagation-expanding strain into the mixed material.
S4, fermentation: and (4) adjusting the water content of the mixed material of the strains inoculated in the step (S3) to 50%, then carrying out decomposition fermentation, wherein the decomposition fermentation is divided into three stages, and recording the fermentation temperature every 2 hours after the decomposition fermentation starts to prepare the organic raw material.
The specific steps of the decomposition fermentation comprise:
a) and the first stage fermentation initial stage: in the initial fermentation period, within 1-3 days from the beginning of the decomposed fermentation, the microorganisms in the fertilizer pile utilize soluble and easily degradable organic matters as nutrition and energy sources, quickly proliferate and release heat to continuously raise the temperature of the fertilizer pile, the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃, bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the strain are usually propagated to decompose cellulose and hemicellulose, and the generation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited.
b) And a second-stage high-temperature fermentation period: when the temperature of the fertilizer pile is increased to more than 45 ℃, the high-temperature fermentation period is started, the fermentation time of the fertilizer pile is 2-3 days, the temperature of the fertilizer pile is increased to 55 ℃, the highest value of the temperature of the fertilizer pile can be reached within 1 week, at the moment, the heat microorganisms in the propagation strain gradually replace the heat microorganisms, complex organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like remained in the previous stage are strongly decomposed, the activity is carried out at the temperature of the fertilizer pile of about 50 ℃, the high temperature of main heat-producing fungi plays a role in decomposing the complex organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and the like to the rapid decomposition of the fermentation, and the formation process of humus is started in the fermentation in the stage.
In the step b), the temperature of the compost is reduced through composting and reverse composting, but the fermentation temperature is required to be controlled to be about 50 ℃ and lasts for 7 days.
c) And in the third-stage rotting stage, only part of the organic matters which are difficult to decompose and newly formed humus are left at the end of the high-temperature fermentation stage, the microbial activity is reduced, the calorific value is reduced, the residual organic matters which are difficult to decompose are further decomposed, the humus is fermented to enter the rotting stage, and the fertilizer pile is turned over for ventilation to prepare the organic raw material.
S5, mixing and crushing: respectively weighing the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials, then feeding the weighed organic raw materials and inorganic raw materials into a crusher to mix, stir and crush the materials to obtain the material.
In step S5, the organic material is the organic material obtained by fermentation in step S4, and the inorganic material is 68.4kg of bentonite.
S6, granulating: and (3) feeding the mixed and crushed materials into a granulator for granulation, drying, cooling, adsorbing functional bacteria, detecting, packaging, and warehousing to obtain the agricultural microbial agent.
The functional bacteria in the step S6 are bacillus subtilis and bacillus, and the weight of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus is 1.6 kg.
The agricultural microbial agent can be prepared by the process, has high organic matter content, has the effects of improving the soil structure, fertilizing the soil fertility and enhancing the stress resistance of crops, can be widely applied to the fertilization of agricultural economic crops, can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses in the soil, prevent the harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses from harming the growth of the crops, increase the stress resistance and disease resistance of the crops, has the good effect of degrading organic phosphorus in the soil, has the comprehensive effects of stimulating the growth of the plants, inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria and the like, and has good use effect.
The agricultural microbial agents prepared in the above embodiments 1 to 3 can improve the soil structure, fertilize the soil, enhance the crop stress resistance, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, fungi and viruses in the soil, increase the stress resistance and disease resistance of crops, and simultaneously have the comprehensive effects of stimulating the growth of plants and inhibiting plant pathogenic bacteria, etc. when the agricultural microbial agents are used for fertilizing the planting field of commercial crops, the using effect is good.
Experiments are carried out in the field by using the agricultural microbial agents obtained in the examples 1-3, and the implementation scheme is as follows:
in 2019, 7, cucumbers sowed in 4 sheds of 3 mu/shed of 4 sheds of agricultural land in 7 months in summer in Xiliu Yingcun, Shouguang, Shandong province are selected for use test experiments:
wherein 4 greenhouses in the agricultural land are respectively divided into a control 1 group; group of example 1; example 2 group; and example 3 group.
The control group 1 was fertilized with a common compound fertilizer for vegetable cucumbers, with a fertilizing amount of 120g/m 2.
The group of example 1 was fertilized with the agricultural microbial preparation prepared in example 1 of the present invention in an amount of 100 g/m2。
In the example 2 group, the agricultural microbial agent prepared in the example 2 of the invention is used for fertilizing, and the fertilizing amount is 100 g/m2。
The group of example 3 was fertilized with the agricultural microbial preparation prepared in example 3 of the present invention in an amount of 100 g/m 2.
The test results after cucumber maturation are shown in the following table, which shows the effect of agricultural microbial agents on cucumber yield and quality.
Treatment of Yield (kg/mu) Vitamin C (mg/100 g) Total sugar (%)
Control 1 group 4485.6 9.67 1.47
EXAMPLE 1 group 5236.8 10.75 1.57
EXAMPLE 2 group 5263.9 11.25 1.61
EXAMPLE 3 group 5270.8 11.47 1.63
From the above table, compared with conventional fertilization, the agricultural microbial agents prepared in examples 1 to 3 have the advantages that the cucumber yield, the vitamin C content and the total sugar content are all improved, the cucumber quality is effectively improved, wherein the cucumber yield is improved by about 17.20% on average, the vitamin C content is improved by about 15.40% on average, the total sugar content is improved by about 8.85% on average, and the produced cucumber has smooth and bright skin, improved quality and remarkable economic benefit.
Meanwhile, the agricultural microbial agent has no residue and toxic or side effect, can regulate the metabolism of crops and stimulate the growth of the crops, so that the crops achieve the effect of increasing the yield, have no pollution and low cost, can alleviate plant diseases and insect pests and effectively relieve soil hardening, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments described above without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A production process of an agricultural microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, strain propagation: carrying out propagation on test tube strains in a triangular flask, a seeding tank and a fermentation tank to obtain propagation strains;
s2, proportioning basic raw materials: the basic raw materials specifically comprise the following components in parts by weight: the sugar residue is 280-320 kg; 160kg of lignin and 240kg of lignin; 150kg of smoke powder and 210kg of smoke powder; 80-120kg of calcium powder; propagating strains for 1.5-2 KG; 100kg of bean cypress; 68.4-108kg of bentonite;
s3, inoculating strains into the stirred basic raw materials: sugar residues are treated; lignin; tobacco powder; calcium powder; adding bean cypress into a mixer for mixing, and then inoculating the propagation-expanding strain into the mixed material;
s4, fermentation: adjusting the moisture of the mixed material inoculated with the strain, then carrying out decomposing fermentation, wherein the decomposing fermentation is divided into three stages, and recording the fermentation temperature every 2 hours after the decomposing fermentation starts to prepare the organic raw material;
s5, mixing and crushing: respectively weighing organic raw materials and inorganic raw materials, then feeding the organic raw materials and the inorganic raw materials into a crusher to be mixed, stirred and crushed to obtain materials;
s6, granulating: and (3) feeding the materials into a granulator for granulation, drying, cooling, adsorbing functional bacteria, detecting, packaging and warehousing to obtain the agricultural microbial agent.
2. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 1, wherein: the strains in step S1 are: bacillus, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes.
3. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 2, wherein: the step S1 of expanding strains comprises the following steps:
1) respectively carrying out propagation on test tube strains of all strains, inoculating the strains into a triangular flask, and then putting the triangular flask into a shaking table for inoculation and culture for 15-20 hours, wherein the culture environment is 35-37 ℃, so as to obtain triangular flask strains;
2) sterilizing an empty seeding tank at 121-125 ℃, cooling the seeding tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, sterilizing again at 121-125 ℃, cooling, inoculating 1L of strain in a triangular flask, and culturing at the ambient temperature of 35-37 ℃ for 24-48 hours to obtain a seeding tank strain;
3) sterilizing an empty tank fermentation tank at 121-125 ℃, cooling the fermentation tank, preparing culture materials according to a specified proportion, sterilizing at 121-125 ℃ again, inoculating a seed tank strain into the fermentation tank after cooling, culturing for 24-48 hours at the environment temperature of 35-37 ℃, and preparing a propagation strain after fermentation is finished;
4) and concentrating, storing and detecting the expanded strains in the fermentation tank to be qualified, and then placing for later use.
4. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 3, wherein: the culture material in the seed tank in the step 2) specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100L of water; peptone 1 kg; 300g of beef extract; 2kg of glucose; 500g of table salt, wherein the water is purified water.
5. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 4, wherein: the culture material in the fermentation tank in the step 3) specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200L of water; 2kg of peptone; 600g of beef extract; 4kg of glucose; 1kg of table salt, wherein the water is purified water.
6. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 5, wherein: the tobacco powder in the step S2 is made by crushing the straws of the tobacco, and the whole length of the tobacco powder is less than or equal to 5 cm.
7. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 6, wherein: when the moisture is adjusted in the step S4, the moisture of the mixed material to which the strains are inoculated is 50%.
8. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 7, wherein: the specific steps of the decomposing fermentation in the step S4 include:
a) and the first stage fermentation initial stage: the initial fermentation period is 1-3 days after the start of the decomposed fermentation, and the temperature is controlled below 45 ℃;
b) and a second-stage high-temperature fermentation period: when the temperature of the fertilizer pile rises to more than 45 ℃, entering a high-temperature fermentation period, starting the fermentation of the fertilizer pile for 2-3 days, rising the temperature of the fertilizer pile to more than 55 ℃, reaching the maximum value of the temperature of the fertilizer pile within 1 week, controlling the fermentation temperature of the fertilizer pile to be about 50 ℃ through composting and dumping, and continuing for 5-7 days, wherein in the fermentation at this stage, the formation process of humus is started;
c) and in the third-stage rotting stage, in the last stage of the high-temperature fermentation stage, residual organic matters which are difficult to decompose are further decomposed, and the fertilizer piles are turned over for ventilation, so that the organic raw materials are prepared.
9. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 8, wherein: in step S5, the organic material is the organic material obtained by fermentation in step S4, and the inorganic material is 68.4-108kg of bentonite.
10. The process for producing an agricultural microbial agent according to claim 9, wherein: in the step S6, the functional bacteria are bacillus subtilis and bacillus, and the weight of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus is 1.5-2 kg.
CN202010992088.5A 2020-09-21 2020-09-21 Production process of agricultural microbial agent Pending CN112028706A (en)

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