CN112021335A - Method for preventing and treating plant oomycete diseases by combining biological pesticide and chemical pesticide - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating plant oomycete diseases by combining biological pesticide and chemical pesticide Download PDFInfo
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
- A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating plant oomycete diseases by combining biological pesticide and chemical pesticide, which adopts one of the following two modes to prevent and treat the oomycete diseases from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage or the tuber maturing stage of plants: (1) the biopesticide and the chemical pesticide are applied simultaneously: spraying biological pesticide and chemical pesticide to the plant from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage or during the tuber maturing period; (2) first generation and then formation: the biological pesticide is adopted to prevent and control plant oomycetes diseases from the seedling stage to the fruit setting stage or the tuber forming stage of the plants; chemical pesticide is adopted for control from the fruit setting period to the fruiting period of the plant or from the tuber forming period to the tuber maturing period; the biological pesticide is mixed liquid of streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquid and salicylic acid, and the chemical pesticide is chemical pesticide for preventing and treating plant oomycetes diseases. Through field experiments, the combined use of the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide is verified to effectively prevent and control the potato late blight, so that the use of the chemical pesticide is obviously reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease control, in particular to a method for controlling plant oomycete diseases by combining biological pesticide and chemical pesticide.
Background
Potato is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the genus solanum of the family solanaceae, and is the fourth major grain crop worldwide after rice, wheat, and corn. In China, potatoes become important economic carriers for poverty alleviation, hardness alleviation and precise poverty alleviation, and the potatoes have abundant downstream industrial chains in the aspects of food, industry and export.
Potato late blight is an oomycete disease of death of potato stems and leaves and rot of tubers caused by Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora infestans), is the first devastating disease suffered during potato production, causes about 200 billion economic losses per year, and is called "cancer of potatoes". Phytophthora infestans not only infects leaves and stems of aerial parts, but also tubers of underground parts, and is most harmful to plants in the adult stage. Pathogenic bacteria start from the edge of the leaves, spread to the whole plant through the scab of the leaves and simultaneously spread to the periphery. Under the environment of proper temperature, pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by air and transferred to soil through rainwater to infect tubers, so that large-area diffusion is caused in a short time, and the potatoes are dead in production in severe cases. At present, the prevention and control of potato late blight mainly depends on chemical prevention and control, but the prevention and control is at the cost of environmental pollution and threatens the food safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for preventing and treating plant oomycete diseases by combining biological pesticide and chemical pesticide, which can effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticide and has remarkable prevention and treatment effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for preventing and controlling plant oomycete diseases by combining biological pesticides and chemical pesticides adopts one of the following two modes to prevent and control the oomycete diseases from a seedling stage to a fruiting stage or a tuber maturing stage of plants:
(1) the biopesticide and the chemical pesticide are applied simultaneously: spraying biological pesticide and chemical pesticide to the plant from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage or during the tuber maturing period;
(2) first generation and then formation: the biological pesticide is adopted to prevent and control plant oomycetes diseases from the seedling stage to the fruit setting stage or the tuber forming stage of the plants; chemical pesticide is adopted for control from the fruit setting period to the fruiting period of the plant or from the tuber forming period to the tuber maturing period;
the biological pesticide is mixed liquid of streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquid and salicylic acid, and the chemical pesticide is chemical pesticide for preventing and treating plant oomycetes diseases.
The chemical pesticide is used for preventing and treating oomycete diseases of solanaceae plants;
preferably, the solanaceae plant is tomato or potato.
Preferably, the chemical pesticide is a chemical pesticide for preventing and treating late blight of solanaceae plants.
Preferably, the chemical pesticide is one or more of silver farinaceous, mancozeb, dimethomorph, famoxadone and methyloxanil/mancozeb. The metalaxyl-mancozeb is a bactericidal mixture containing metalaxyl (rhamnophilus) and mancozeb, and the effective components of the metalaxyl are more than or equal to 10 percent and the mancozeb are more than or equal to 48 percent.
In the above technical scheme, in both of the two modes, the seeds are dressed with the biological pesticide before sowing.
When the mode of simultaneously applying the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide is adopted, the biological pesticide and the mancozeb or the first frost and the mancozeb are mixed and applied from a seedling stage to a fruiting stage or a tuber formation stage, and the biological pesticide and the silver farinaceous or the dimethomorph or the famoxadone are mixed and applied from the fruiting stage to the fruiting stage or the tuber formation stage to a tuber maturation stage;
when the postnatal mode is adopted, biological pesticides are adopted for control from a seedling stage to a fruit setting stage or a tuber forming stage, and chemical pesticides silver farfarine, dimethomorph or famoxadone are adopted for control from the fruit setting stage to the fruit setting stage or the tuber forming stage to a tuber maturing stage.
In the above technical scheme, the preparation method of the streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation broth comprises the following steps:
(1) activating strains: inoculating the streptomyces hygroscopicus strain to an oat solid culture medium, and culturing and activating to obtain an activated strain;
(2) seed culture: inoculating the activated strain obtained in the step (1) into an ISP liquid culture medium for culture to obtain a seed culture medium;
(3) liquid fermentation: adding the seed culture medium obtained in the step (2) into a fermentation culture medium for fermentation to obtain a liquid microbial inoculum, wherein the formula of the fermentation culture medium is as follows: glucose 4%, soybean cake powder 1%, amino acid powder 0.2%, K2HPO40.5％、KH2PO40.5 percent, NaCl 0.5 percent, ferrous sulfate 0.15 percent, antifoaming agent 0.2 percent and pH 7.2-7.4.
Preferably, in the biological pesticide, the use concentration of the streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquor is 5-25 times of the diluent, and the concentration of the salicylic acid is 0.3-0.8 g/L;
further preferably, in a mode of first generation and second generation, the biological pesticide is diluted by 10 times of fermentation products of streptomyces hygroscopicus and added with 0.69g/L of salicylic acid; in the mode of simultaneously applying the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide, the biological pesticide is diluted by 20 times of fermentation products of the streptomyces hygroscopicus and added with 0.35g/L of salicylic acid.
Preferably, the application concentration of the Arthropril is 800-2200 times of the dilution, and the application concentration of the mancozeb is 0.4-1 g/L;
further preferably, in the mode of simultaneously applying the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide, the concentration of the mancozeb in the mixed solution of the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide is 0.5g/L, and the silver method dilution multiple is 2000 times; in the congenital mode, the dilution factor of the silver method is 1000 times.
In the technical scheme, the pesticide is applied once every 7-10 days from the seedling stage to the fruit setting stage or the tuber forming stage, and the application amount of each time is 50-100L/mu; the pesticide is applied once every 7-10 days from the fruit setting period to the fruiting period or from the tuber forming period to the tuber maturing period, and the application amount is 100-150L/mu each time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through field experiments, the combined use of the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide is verified to be capable of effectively preventing and treating potato late blight, so that the use of the chemical pesticide is remarkably reduced, the used biological pesticide is non-toxic and environment-friendly, the method is adopted for preventing and treating the plant oomycete diseases, the use of the chemical pesticide can be reduced, the prevention and treatment effect is good, and a solid foundation is laid for crop production and sustainable agricultural development.
Drawings
Figure 1 is the climatic conditions during the harvest from potato planting in lemna, stemonade, bale village.
FIG. 2 shows the selection of the administration date according to the CARAH model of the late blight warning system.
FIG. 3 is a field disease survey.
FIG. 4 shows statistics of the disease incidence.
FIG. 5 shows the statistics of disease index.
FIG. 6 shows the statistics of potato block disease rate.
FIG. 7 is a field yield statistic for the different treatments of the trial field.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
1 conditions of the test
1.1 geographic location
The test was conducted in 2020 potato growing season in three different areas in wuxi county, Chongqing.
(1) Duckweed village of township of wuxi county, Chongqing: altitude 740.235 m (+8.0 m)
(2) Baizhuguicun town of wuxi county, Chongqing: altitude of 863 m
(3) Dabaocun of Changshan town of Wuxi county, Chongqing: altitude 881.723 m (+4.0 m)
1.2 soil
The soil in all three test plots was slightly acidic. The soil quality of the large bag is sandy soil, the soil of all steps is softer and fertile, and the soil of the duckweed is more sticky and hard.
The soil is the planted sweet potatoes before the potatoes, and the corns and the sweet potatoes are mainly planted after the potatoes are harvested.
1.3 Fertilizer
The base fertilizer for potato planting is Jindi brand N: P: K (19:7:14) compound fertilizer (50 kg/mu), Luzhou urea (25 kg/mu) and farmyard manure.
1.4 test varieties and planting
Planting time: year 2020, 1 month 12 days.
Planting the variety: the susceptible variety feuretat.
The planting mode is as follows: planting each plant at the same interval, and performing single row on a single ridge; 17 plants per row.
Cell area: each cell is 3.2 meters wide and 5 meters long (i.e. 4 rows, 0.8 meter wide, 16 square meters cell area)
Weather condition of 1.52020 years
The temperature, humidity and precipitation of the test field from potato planting to harvest are shown in fig. 1, and the climate conditions of the duckweed village, the Baibu village and the big bag village are sequentially shown. Through the analysis of the climate conditions, the climate is favorable for the growth of crops, and meanwhile, the later temperature and humidity are favorable for the occurrence of late blight.
2 materials and methods
2.1 use of pesticides
The agents used in the tests are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Agents for controlling late blight of potatoes during the test period
The preparation method of the streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquid is shown in the part of China patent application publication No. CN110951645A (the invention name is streptomyces hygroscopicus angustmycin subspecies and the application thereof in preventing and treating plant oomycetes and fungal diseases and promoting plant growth) of example 3, a liquid microbial inoculum containing a strain CQUSa03 and a preparation method thereof.
In the embodiment, the fermentation liquor of streptomyces hygroscopicus is produced by composite bacteria mixed by strains CQUSa03 and cqush011 in equal proportion:
(1) activating strains: the strains CQUSa03 and cqush011 composite bacteria are inoculated on an oat solid culture medium and cultured for 7 days at 28 ℃. The formula of the oat solid culture medium is as follows: 2% of oat and 2% of agar powder.
(2) Seed culture: inoculating the activated strain into ISP liquid culture medium, culturing at 28 deg.C and 200rpm for 5d to obtain seed culture medium. The ISP liquid culture medium comprises the following components: maltose extract 1%, yeast extract 0.4%, D-glucose 0.4%, and pH 7.0-7.4.
(3) Liquid fermentation: adding the seed culture medium obtained in the step (2) into a fermentation culture medium according to the volume percentage of 10 percent, wherein the fermentation temperature is 28 ℃, the tank pressure is 0.07Mpa, and the stirring speed is high100rpm, oxygen introduction>60% and fermentation time 7 d. The formula of the fermentation medium is as follows: glucose 4%, soybean cake powder 1%, amino acid powder 0.2%, K2HPO40.5％、KH2PO40.5 percent, NaCl 0.5 percent, ferrous sulfate 0.15 percent, antifoaming agent 0.2 percent and pH 7.2-7.4.
Strains CQUSa03 and cqush011 were both deposited in the laboratory and in CGMCC. The information on the deposit of the strain cqush011 has been disclosed in chinese patent application CN 201810533845.5.
The strain CQUSa03 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC for short, the address is No. 3 Xilu No.1 of the North Chen Yang district in Beijing), the preservation registration number is CGMCC No.18715, the preservation date is 2019, 10 and 21 days, the strain is classified and named as Streptomyces angustmyceticus, and the detection result of CQUSa03 is survival when the CGMCC is handled.
The strain cqush011 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC for short, with the address of No. 3 Siro-1 of North Chen West Lu in the area of the rising of Beijing), the preservation registration number is CGMCC No.15518, the preservation date is 26 months at 3 months in 2018, the strain is classified and named as Streptomyces hygroscopicus, and the detection result of the cqush011 is survival when the CGMCC is used for preservation.
2.2 design of the experiment
The late blight early warning system CARAH model is used for guiding the control time of chemical agents (as shown in figure 2), and the control is not used as a control, and 5 treatments are set in total, which are shown in table 2 (wherein the biological pesticide refers to the mixed liquid of the streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquid and the salicylic acid in table 1). The total area per test point was about 1 mu (20 cells, 4 rows per cell, 5 m long and 0.8 m wide) with 4 replicates per treatment. And protective rows with the row width of 1m are arranged among the cells.
TABLE 2 treatment types and application dates of test agents
Treatment 1: biopesticide (dressing and spraying): the mixed liquid of the fermentation product of the streptomyces hygroscopicus and the salicylic acid has the following effective component concentrations: fermentation product of streptomyces hygroscopicus (diluted 10 times) + salicylic acid (0.69 g/L).
Treatment 2 (raw + formation): mixed application of biological pesticide and chemical pesticide (seed dressing and spraying): the biological pesticide and mancozeb refer to the concentration of each effective component in the mixed solution of streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation product (diluted by 20 times), salicylic acid (0.35g/L), mancozeb (0.5 g/L), and the biological pesticide and silver farrel refer to the concentration of each effective component in the mixed solution of streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation product (diluted by 20 times), salicylic acid (0.35g/L) and silver farrel (diluted by 2000 times).
Treatment 3 (formation): chemical pesticide (spray): silver method Li (diluted 1000 times), mancozeb 1 g/L.
Treatment 4 (ex situ): biopesticide + chemical pesticide (dressing + spraying): the biological pesticide is applied in the early stage: fermentation product of streptomyces hygroscopicus (diluted by 10 times) and salicylic acid (0.69 g/L); later application of chemical pesticides: silver Fall (diluted 1000 times).
And (4) treatment 5: the control was sprayed with the same volume of water.
The treatments 1, 2 and 4 are all seed dressing by adopting biological pesticide before sowing, and the content of effective components in the biological pesticide is as follows: the fermentation product of the streptomyces hygroscopicus (diluted by 10 times) is added with salicylic acid (0.69g/L), and the seed dressing ratio is 50kg:10L of the potato seed and the biological pesticide.
Four replicates per test point (64 m) depending on plant growth2) The application rates of (A) are: the first and second application capacities are 5L; the third application volume is 10L; the fourth and fifth administration volumes are 15L.
2.3 disease index survey and appraisal level
Level 0: healthy plant without disease spots
Level 1: the individual leaf has lesion
And 3, level: 1/3 the leaf has scab
And 5, stage: 1/3-1/2 leaf with spots
And 7, stage: 1/2 above plants have scab
And 9, stage: all plants wither
Disease index (%) (Σ (number of diseased plants) series)/total number of plants 9) × 100
Disease rate (%) × 100 (number of diseased plants/total number of plants)
Disease rate (%) of potato piece (number of diseased potatoes/total number of potatoes) × 100
3. Results
3.1 test field management
3-5 month test field management
3.2 investigation of disease status in the field
As shown in FIG. 3, the field survey of bale, Bai Bu and Duckweed, respectively, is performed.
The duckweed harvest time was 2020.5.17; the hundred step harvest time was 2020.5.18; the bale harvest time was 2020.5.19.
3.3 statistics of disease condition and yield of three test fields
The disease rate: as shown in FIG. 4, the disease rate of the three experimental control groups reaches 100% at the time of harvest, and the disease growth trend of the control group is significantly higher than that of the 4 treatment groups.
Diseased plants are found in duckweed at 19 th 4 th month, the diseased plant rate of the control group reaches 100% at 16 th 5 th month, and the diseased plant rate control > biological pesticide > primary postnatalization > growth + transformation >.
In hundreds of steps, diseased plants are found at the beginning of 2 days in 5 months, the diseased plant rate of the control group reaches 100% in 5 months and 9 days, and the diseased plant rate control > biological pesticide > primary postnatal transformation > growth + transformation. And in 16 days after 5 months, the disease rate of the plant treated by singly using the biological pesticide reaches 100 percent, and the disease rate of the plant treated by singly spraying the chemical pesticide reaches 80.43 percent.
The diseased plants are found in the big bag at 5, month and 2, the diseased plant rate of the control group at 5, month and 16 reaches 100 percent, and the diseased plant rate control is that the biological pesticide is formed and transformed to be formed.
Disease index: as shown in fig. 5, the disease index of the control group of three test sites reached 100% at the time of harvest, and the disease index of the control group was significantly higher than that of the 4 treatment groups.
Potato block late blight: as shown in fig. 6, the incidence rate of potato block late blight of the three experimental control groups was significantly higher than that of the 4 treatment groups.
In duckweed, no tuber disease was found in 4 treatment groups.
In a hundred steps, the incidence rate of potato block late blight is compared with the group of ' biological pesticide ' formation + formation ' first generation and later formation.
In a big bag, the incidence rate of potato block late blight is compared with that of a biological pesticide generation and conversion and that of a first generation and a second generation.
Yield: as in fig. 7, the yield of all three control groups tested was significantly lower than that of the 4 treatment groups.
In duckweed, yield control < first generation after second generation < biopesticide < first generation plus second generation.
In a hundred steps, yield control group < biopesticide < postnatal < chemosis < chemo-biosis >.
In a big bag, the incidence rate of potato block late blight is compared with that of a control group, i.e., the control group is used for treating early growth and formation, and the control group is used for treating biological pesticide treatment and biological pesticide treatment.
4 conclusion
(1) Under the condition of mild diseases, the single biopesticide can effectively prevent late blight, and the disease degree of leaves and potato blocks of the biopesticide is obviously lower than that of a control group. However, when the disease is serious, the control effect is insufficient, and the disease rate still reaches 100 percent although the disease index is obviously lower than that of a control group. The method has good effect of controlling the late blight by adopting a raw plus chemical or first after chemical mode.
(2) The application mode of firstly spraying the biological pesticide and then spraying the chemical pesticide can effectively control diseases and reduce the using amount of the chemical pesticide.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing and treating plant oomycete diseases by combining biological pesticides and chemical pesticides is characterized in that the oomycete diseases are prevented and treated by one of the following two modes from a plant seedling stage to a fruiting stage or a tuber maturing stage:
(1) the biopesticide and the chemical pesticide are applied simultaneously: spraying biological pesticide and chemical pesticide to the plant from the seedling stage to the fruiting stage or during the tuber maturing period;
(2) first generation and then formation: the biological pesticide is adopted to prevent and control plant oomycetes diseases from the seedling stage to the fruit setting stage or the tuber forming stage of the plants; chemical pesticide is adopted for control from the fruit setting period to the fruiting period of the plant or from the tuber forming period to the tuber maturing period;
the biological pesticide is mixed liquid of streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquid and salicylic acid, and the chemical pesticide is chemical pesticide for preventing and treating plant oomycetes diseases.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the chemical pesticide is used for preventing and treating oomycete diseases of solanaceae plants;
preferably, the solanaceae plant is tomato or potato.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the chemical pesticide is used for preventing and treating late blight of solanaceae plants.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by: the chemical pesticide is one or more of silver farci, mancozeb, dimethomorph, famoxadone, and cream-nail and manganese zinc.
5. The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in both modes, the biological pesticide is used for dressing seeds before sowing.
6. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein: when the mode of simultaneously applying the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide is adopted, the biological pesticide and the mancozeb or the first frost and the mancozeb are mixed and applied from a seedling stage to a fruiting stage or a tuber formation stage, and the biological pesticide and the silver farinaceous or the dimethomorph or the famoxadone are mixed and applied from the fruiting stage to the fruiting stage or the tuber formation stage to a tuber maturation stage;
when the postnatal mode is adopted, biological pesticides are adopted for control from a seedling stage to a fruit setting stage or a tuber forming stage, and chemical pesticides silver farfarine, dimethomorph or famoxadone are adopted for control from the fruit setting stage to the fruit setting stage or the tuber forming stage to a tuber maturing stage.
7. The method of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the preparation method of the streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquid comprises the following steps:
(1) activating strains: inoculating the streptomyces hygroscopicus strain to an oat solid culture medium, and culturing and activating to obtain an activated strain;
(2) seed culture: inoculating the activated strain obtained in the step (1) into an ISP liquid culture medium for culture to obtain a seed culture medium;
(3) liquid fermentation: adding the seed culture medium obtained in the step (2) into a fermentation culture medium for fermentation to obtain a liquid microbial inoculum, wherein the formula of the fermentation culture medium is as follows: glucose 4%, soybean cake powder 1%, amino acid powder 0.2%, K2HPO40.5％、KH2PO40.5 percent, NaCl 0.5 percent, ferrous sulfate 0.15 percent, antifoaming agent 0.2 percent and pH 7.2-7.4.
8. The method of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein: in the biological pesticide, the use concentration of the streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation liquor is 5-25 times of the diluent, and the concentration of the salicylic acid is 0.3-0.8 g/L;
preferably, in the mode of first generation and later chemical conversion, the biological pesticide is diluted by 10 times of fermentation products of streptomyces hygroscopicus and added with 0.69g/L of salicylic acid; in the mode of simultaneously applying the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide, the biological pesticide is diluted by 20 times of fermentation products of the streptomyces hygroscopicus and added with 0.35g/L of salicylic acid.
9. The method of any of claims 4 to 8, wherein: the application concentration of the Yinflue is 2200 times of the dilution of 800-;
preferably, in the mode of simultaneously applying the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide, the concentration of the mancozeb in the mixed solution of the biological pesticide and the chemical pesticide is 0.5g/L, and the silver method dilution multiple is 2000 times; in the congenital mode, the dilution factor of the silver method is 1000 times.
10. The method of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the pesticide is applied once every 7-10 days from the seedling stage to the fruit setting stage or tuber formation stage, and the application amount is 50-100L/mu each time; the pesticide is applied once every 7-10 days from the fruit setting period to the fruiting period or from the tuber forming period to the tuber maturing period, and the application amount is 100-150L/mu each time.
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| CN115005210A (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-09-06 | 济南大学 | Application of salicylic acid in preventing and treating tomato leaf blight |
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