CN112011342A - Material for improving soda saline-alkali soil - Google Patents

Abstract

A material for improving soda saline-alkali soil, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The invention aims to develop an improved material aiming at the characteristics of soda saline-alkali soil in western regions of Jilin province, which takes an aluminum ion modifier as a core and can achieve the purpose of improving the soda saline-alkali soil in a paddy field planting soil type. The invention comprises the following effective components: bauxite powder, organic fertilizer, inert organic material, kaolin and 98 percent sulfuric acid. The invention provides effective technical support for realizing the yield increase goal of the western land finishing project of Jilin province. The method can make full use of the western saline-alkali soil resources in our province, greatly improve the land productivity, change the situation of a plurality of low-yield cultivated lands in the western region, continuously improve the yield per unit level of grains, increase the income of farmers, increase the agricultural efficiency, and accelerate the construction pace of new socialist rural areas. Meanwhile, the development of other industries can be driven, farmlands of farmers are increased, living standard is greatly improved, and society is more stable.

Description

Material for improving soda saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture.

Background

The west of Jilin province belongs to plain landform. The types of soil which can be organized and developed into paddy fields mainly include meadow soil with different salinization degrees, saline soil and alkaline earth. However, the purpose of high yield of rice can be achieved by sorting saline-alkali soil into paddy rice seeds without solving the problem of water. For paddy field development and rice production, the saline-alkali soil region in the west has favorable conditions of low and even terrain, sticky and heavy soil texture, weak water permeability, sufficient illumination and the like. The rice yield limiting factors of high saline-alkali content, strong harm, low fertility, poor properties and the like exist. Therefore, the saline-alkali soil rice seed development needs to exert the advantages of saline-alkali soil resources, and also needs to solve the technical problems of a series of rice seed development and matching, such as desalination and dealkalization, creation of desalination surface layers, nutrient and water management, scientific fertilization and the like, otherwise, stable-yield and high-yield paddy fields cannot be formed in a short time, even the paddy fields cannot be laid out, and the rice seeds are not paid, so that farmers and developers are greatly injured in confidence and enthusiasm.

At present, the implementation of western land consolidation projects provides basic and necessary conditions for large-area intensive planting of western land. However, the rapid cultivation technique of soil for surface layer desalination, the rapid soil fertility improvement, the water and fertilizer resource management and efficient utilization technique, the seedling bed soil modulation technique and the like which are suitable for large-area intensive planting conditions and are related to rice production are not mature, and special research needs to be developed.

The existing several treatment methods have the following defects:

firstly, the bottleneck of limiting the application of straw returning to the field in the saline-alkali soil rice area is the problem of mechanical matching. At present, the existing domestic rice harvesting machinery generally has no straw crushing function, and after harvesting, the un-crushed straws are returned to the field to influence soil preparation, so farmers only need to burn the straws. Thereby seriously restricting the promotion of the organic matters in the soil of the paddy field. The rice combine harvester for long-time protected field imported from Japan has the function of crushing straws, can crush the straws and return the straws to the field while harvesting, does not influence the soil preparation in spring, but has the problem of high price, and each rice combine harvester needs about 35 ten thousand yuan.

Secondly, the problem of fertilizer source of organic fertilizer. At present, chicken manure which is industrially cultured is used as an organic fertilizer source by a plurality of farmers and enterprises. Because the pretreatment is not in place, the salt content of the chicken manure is high, and the harm of soil salt is aggravated after the chicken manure is applied, so that the utilization effect is influenced.

After the saline-alkali soil is arranged into the rice field, the soil condition is changed from an oxidation state to a reduction state, the content and the form of various trace elements are affected, and how to fertilize needs to be deeply researched.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to develop an improved material aiming at the characteristics of soda saline-alkali soil in western regions of Jilin province, which takes an aluminum ion modifier as a core and can achieve the purpose of improving the soda saline-alkali soil in a paddy field planting soil type.

The invention comprises the following effective components in parts by weight:

40-50 parts of bauxite powder, 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of inert organic material, 3-10 parts of kaolin and 4-5 parts of 98% sulfuric acid;

wherein: crushing bauxite by a crusher, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve while removing dust; the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent; the kaolin is crushed and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.

The inert organic material of the invention adopts brown coal powder or straw carbon.

The invention provides effective technical support for realizing the yield increase goal of the western land finishing project of Jilin province. The method can make full use of the western saline-alkali soil resources in our province, greatly improve the land productivity, change the situation of a plurality of low-yield cultivated lands in the western region, continuously improve the yield per unit level of grains, increase the income of farmers, increase the agricultural efficiency, and accelerate the construction pace of new socialist rural areas. Meanwhile, the development of other industries can be driven, farmlands of farmers are increased, living standard is greatly improved, and society is more stable. The invention has the advantages that:

the method (I) demonstrates that the soda saline-alkali soil rice has the effects of exchanging and dealkalizing, Zhan, promoting the formation of a 'desalting surface layer', promoting the accumulation of organic matters and improving the soil fertility under the condition of applying the aluminum ion modifier. The traditional view that the rice planting in saline-alkali soil can improve the underground water level and aggravate the secondary salinization of surface soil is broken.

And (II) an index system and a standard thereof for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the 'desalting surface layer' of the saline-alkali soil paddy field by taking the content of soluble salt, ESP, pH and the like as core indexes are established, and a scientific basis is provided for creation of the 'desalting surface layer' of the saline-alkali soil paddy field.

And (III) a technical system for quickly creating a 'desalting surface layer' of saline-alkali soil paddy field 'exchange dealkalization' and 'Zhan hydraulic pressure salt' by using the aluminum ion modifier as a core under the rice planting condition is provided. The technology can establish a 'desalting surface layer' with soluble salt content less than or equal to 0.30%, ESP less than or equal to 35% and pH less than or equal to 9.5 in newly-developed saline-alkali soil paddy field within 3 years, and can stabilize the rice yield at 6000kg/hm²The above.

And (IV) aiming at promoting the rapid improvement of the fertility of the soil on the 'desalination surface layer', a rapid organic matter improvement technical system for converting the 'desalination surface layer' into the 'curing plough layer' is established. The technology can ensure that the organic matter content of the newly-developed saline-alkali soil paddy field reaches 20g/kg within 5 years, and the rice yield is stabilized at 7500kg/hm²In the above step, a 'curing plough layer' is initially established, so that the paddy field starts to enter a stable-yield and high-yield stage.

And (V) a 'balanced fertilization' technical system suitable for the soil property and fertilizer supply characteristics of the saline-alkali soil paddy field is established. The technology is superior to the prior art, can save fertilizer input and can avoid the harm caused by over fertilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different amendment formulations on the volume weight of paddy field soil;

figure 2 is a graph of the effect of different formulations on organic matter content of soil.

Detailed Description

The invention comprises the following effective components in parts by weight:

40-50 parts of bauxite powder, 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of inert organic material, 3-10 parts of kaolin and 4-5 parts of 98% sulfuric acid;

wherein: crushing bauxite by a crusher, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve while removing dust; the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent; the kaolin is crushed and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve. Mixing by conventional mixing method.

The preparation method of the improved soda saline-alkali soil material comprises the steps of crushing bauxite by a crusher, sieving the crushed bauxite by a sieve (20 meshes), removing dust, putting the sieved bauxite into a reaction kettle, adding 98% of sulfuric acid water agent according to the weight part, immersing the bauxite for 120 minutes, drying a reaction product in the shade, and crushing the dried bauxite. Then evenly mixing the mixture with organic fertilizer, inert organic material and kaolin according to the weight components, and putting the mixture on a disc granulator for granulation to prepare the soil improvement material.

Example 1

The invention comprises the following effective components in parts by weight:

bauxite powder 40, organic fertilizer 20, inert organic material 20, kaolin 3 and 98% sulfuric acid 4;

wherein: crushing bauxite by a crusher, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve while removing dust; the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent; the kaolin is crushed and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve. Mixing by conventional mixing method.

Example 2

The invention comprises the following effective components in parts by weight:

bauxite powder 45, organic fertilizer 25, inert organic material 25, kaolin 7 and 98 percent sulfuric acid 4.5;

wherein: crushing bauxite by a crusher, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve while removing dust; the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent; the kaolin is crushed and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve. Mixing by conventional mixing method.

Example 3

The invention comprises the following effective components in parts by weight:

50 parts of bauxite powder, 30 parts of organic fertilizer, 30 parts of inert organic material, 10 parts of kaolin and 5 parts of 98% sulfuric acid;

wherein: crushing bauxite by a crusher, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve while removing dust; the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent; the kaolin is crushed and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve. Mixing by conventional mixing method.

The inert organic material of the invention adopts brown coal powder or straw carbon.

The invention provides an incubator capable of quickly forming fertility in soda saline-alkali soil, which can quickly improve the soda saline-alkali soil, adopts a reasonable formula to prepare an improved saline-alkali soil material and a preparation method thereof.

The improved material of the invention has the functions of exchanging saline ions in soil, reducing pH value and alkalization degree, etc. Meanwhile, the product has the effects of quickly improving and maintaining the content of organic matters in soil, promoting the formation of soil micro-aggregates, improving the structure of the soil, promoting the development of rice root systems, enabling the soda saline-alkali soil to be improved with half the effort, and having remarkable improvement effects on the soda saline-alkali soil and secondary salinized soil. The improved material has the characteristics of low price, quick response, convenient use and the like.

The invention can exchange sodium ions adsorbed on soil colloid into soil solution, quickly reduce the pH value of the soil and reduce the alkalization degree. Can promote the aggregation of soil micro-aggregates, improve the content of the soil aggregates with large particle size and improve the structure and permeability of the soil. The product has the functions of fertilizer and water retention, can effectively improve the content of organic matters in soil, and can maintain the soil fertility. Meanwhile, necessary nutrient elements can be provided for crops to absorb and utilize. Also has the function of adsorption, so that the soil nutrient and the basic ions are preserved, and the aim of slow release is fulfilled.

The invention mainly aims at the research of the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil in the western region of Jilin province, so the test is selected by the western region of Jilin province.

In the practice of preventing and treating salinization, the guidelines of 'treating and controlling comprehensively according to local conditions' and 'the hydraulic engineering measures must be closely combined with the agricultural biological measures' are gradually established in China. With the research, the technical measures for saline-alkali land treatment and improvement are continuously perfected, and the improvement methods are also many, and the measures mainly adopted in recent years are as follows: water conservancy measures, agricultural technical measures, biological improvement measures, engineering measures and chemical improvement measures. The research and demonstration of the technical mode of high-efficiency utilization of saline-alkali soil resource agriculture, which is a special project for national public welfare industry (agriculture) scientific research and expense started in 2009, represents the latest domestic research result. The method mainly develops the following key technical researches by researching and demonstrating the high-efficiency utilization technical mode of saline-alkali obstacle cultivated land agriculture in coastal areas represented by forest public security, Liu Xiaojing and the like: (1) research on salt-tolerant mechanism and effect of the salt-tolerant excellent variety and matched cultivation technology; (2) saline-alkali soil modifier development and salt resistance mechanism and effect research; (3) utilizing a field positioning test of interplanting leguminous forage grass in cotton and returning straws to the field for fertilizing, and developing a technical study of improving the soil fertility of the saline-alkali soil; (4) saline-alkali soil water resource efficient utilization technical researches such as combination of saline-water freeze thawing desalination and agricultural measures are developed by utilizing saline-water drought-resistant drip irrigation, rain storage, salt leaching and salt elimination, saline-rainwater combined dispatching water resource efficient utilization technologies and the like of cotton, migration rules of salt on soil profiles under the condition of mulching are discussed, and a saline-alkali soil saline-rainwater efficient utilization technical system is established; (5) the method and the mechanism of rain-fed dry farming yield increase and the technical research of balanced yield increase and high efficiency of winter wheat-summer corn in saline-alkali obstacle cultivated land in two crops a year are explored, and the integrated fertilization technology of the winter wheat and the summer corn is broken through. The research and demonstration of the matched technical mode for the agricultural efficient utilization of inland saline-alkali soil such as Xinjiang and Gansu represented by Li Bao nations, glowing and the like are mainly developed: (1) carrying out a drip irrigation test research under a film of the micro-saline cotton by combining a concealed pipe salt discharge technology; (2) the saline-alkali soil double-film covering salt suppression and temperature increase technology research; (3) researching a rhizosphere phosphorus nutrition regulation and control technology of saline-alkali soil crops; (4) exploring the water and salt distribution and dynamic simulation of the soil in the root zone; (5) research on salt resistance and low-temperature resistance treatment technologies of crop seeds; (6) screening and researching economic halophytes; (7) laying sand, separating salt, covering sand on surface soil and other experimental researches; (8) the study on the water-fertilizer coupling of saline-alkali soil and the test on saline-alkali soil conditioner. The saline-alkali soil agricultural utilization technical mode taking the 'straw control and salt suppression technology under the upper membrane' as the core content is provided, the desalting and yield increasing effects are achieved, and the method is vigorously popularized in the Gansu spring satellite launching base by the agricultural department as the main promotion technology; the saline-alkali soil cotton double-membrane salt inhibiting and warming technology, the modern saline-alkali soil root layer soil biological salt elimination technology, the concealed pipe flushing salt elimination technology and the like play a great role in the treatment of the saline-alkali soil, and a good effect is achieved. In the Dongying city of the yellow river delta area, saline-alkali soil improvement engineering is implemented by utilizing the alkali discharge technology of a hidden pipe of the Netherlands, a PVC infiltration pipe is buried underground by utilizing a special pipe burying machine, and underground salt water is discharged into an open channel through the hidden pipe, so that the underground water level of an irrigation area in the current year is reduced by 0.5m, and the salt content can be reduced by 0.1%. Welchongjie and the like demonstrate that shaft irrigation and drainage have the functions of reducing the underground water level and irrigating through engineering examples. Through the results, the saline soil types of the coastal saline-alkali soil and the inland saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang, Gansu and the like in the areas belong to the saline soil, and are different from the soda saline soil types in the west of our province. Among various types of saline soil, soda saline soil has the worst property and the greatest improvement difficulty. Such soils, which are alkalized simultaneously with salinization, have both high salt content and strong alkalinity and are therefore commonly referred to as "soda saline-alkali soils".

With respect to the improvement and utilization of soda saline soil, since 1953, our country has conducted experiments on the improvement and utilization of soda saline soil rice seeds in guo prefecture of Jilin province. Under the influence of foreign saline-alkali soil improvement theory and experience, some scholars have doubtful consideration on the feasibility of planting rice in saline-alkali soil, and worry about that the rice planting aggravates the salinization process and strength, so that waste ploughing is caused. However, the research and production practices of 6 years, which are carried out in Guo irrigation areas before the province of China, such as Chenenfeng, prove that under the prerequisite of having a necessary drainage system, the rice is irrigated by fresh water in successive years, although the underground water level is high, the salt content and the mineralization degree of soil layers and underground water layers with certain thicknesses can be maintained within certain limits under the action of irrigating fresh water vertically and horizontally, and the trend is reduced. Summarizing, the precondition for the utilization of the rice planted in the soda saline soil is that a drainage system is required, and fresh water is used for irrigation; the mechanism of improvement is the action of "drainage and salt washing". However, this recognition has made it difficult to explain the successful improvement of soda saline soils by later use of brackish water (well water) to irrigate rice seeds.

Since the improvement of the rice planting in the saline-alkali soil is a system project, from the late stage of the last 70 th century, a great deal of research work is carried out by some soil and agricultural workers around the development of an acid adjusting technology and an acid adjusting material of rice seedling bed soil, the fertilization effect of organic materials and organic fertilizers on the saline-alkali soil, a balanced fertilization technology of the saline-alkali soil rice field, the breeding of saline-alkali tolerant varieties, a water-saving irrigation technology of the saline-alkali soil rice field, a stable yield and high yield cultivation technology and the like, and the effective technical support is provided for the rice planting in the saline-alkali soil in western China. With the gradual improvement of the technical maturity of the rice planting in saline-alkali soil, from the beginning of the 80 th century, the rice planting in the western province by utilizing underground water is gradually developed, and the rice planting area in the saline-alkali soil in the middle of the ninety ages is developed to more than 200 ten thousand mu, so that the western planting industry structure is greatly improved, and the yield and income of farmers are increased. From the beginning of the 90 s, the main attack target of saline-alkali soil development and utilization is changed from mild saline-alkali soil to severe saline-alkali soil, and in order to improve the improvement effect, some researchers have successively researched the improvement effect of wastes such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, furfural residue, fly ash and weathered coal on the saline-alkali soil.

The group of the invention develops a rice planting improvement and customs clearance test on severe saline-alkali land of Alkala village in Haoyitai province in Qiaoguo county, develops an aluminum ion modifier through test research of nearly ten years, establishes a technical system for applying the aluminum ion modifier to improve the saline-alkali soil under the condition of rice planting, and realizes 6000kg/hm of rice in the current year of newly-opened paddy field in severe saline-alkali land²The breakthrough of (1). The theory that the saline-alkali soil improvement is actually the establishment of a 'desalting surface layer' is provided, the improvement effect of the rice seeds on the soil in the saline-alkali soil is determined, and the improvement mechanism of the rice seeds on the saline-alkali soil is clarified.

Namely: (1) under the condition of rice planting, the water flow of the water Zhanyun belongs to the downward seepage water flow, can suppress the upward movement of the salt of the soil at the lower layer, and is favorable for the formation of a 'desalting surface layer'. (2) The rice root secretion and the products of organic matters such as root stubbles and the like, namely acidic substances such as organic acid, humus and the like, decomposed in soil play an important role in neutralizing soil alkalinity, promoting colloid aggregation and the like, and rice planting is beneficial to soil organic matter accumulation. (3) During the rice planting process, proper measures of draining water, washing salt and cultivating fertility are adopted, so that the establishment of 'desalting the surface layer' can be accelerated.

The improvement effect of 'drainage and salt washing' on saline-alkali soil proposed by the predecessor is confirmed, the effect of 'Zhanshui salt' on the formation of 'desalting surface layer' of saline-alkali soil is emphasized, and the mechanism that the 'Zhanshui salt' can be successfully improved by irrigating rice seeds with underground brackish water (well water) and also by the 'Zhanshui salt' approach is clarified.

At present, rice is planted on saline-alkali soil below moderate saline-alkali soil, a plough layer is obviously desalted through the excellent water pressure salt and irrigation, the rice can normally grow in the same year, the plough layer can be stably desalted after 3-4 years, a desalting plough layer is formed, and under normal field management, the yield can reach 500 kilograms per mu. The desalting and dealkalizing process of the strength saline-alkali soil for planting rice is slow, the initial stage of planting rice is 2-3 years, and 3 ten thousand kg/hm of animal manure is heavily fertilized²And irrigation washing rate of 1.5-3.0 ten thousand m³/hm²Under the conditions (2), the desalting state of the cultivated layer can make the rice grow normally, but the soil desalting effect is not stable. After 4-5 years, a obviously desalted plough layer can be formed. After that, the thin surface layer can be gradually formed only by planting rice for a long time. The dealkalization process is much slower than the desalination process, the alkalization degree (ESP) of a 0-30cm soil layer is reduced from 91% to 25% after 20 years of rice improvement and organic fertilization of meadow alkaline earth.

The research area of the invention is arranged in Alabara village and red light farm of Haoytowari county, Guo county, Qianglin province, the two areas are adjacent to each other, both belong to south of saline-alkali soil area of Songxin plain, and are the most representative and typical areas for developing saline-alkali soil rice seeds in our province. In terms of climate, the region belongs to a transition region from temperate zone semi-humid climate to semi-arid climate. The annual precipitation is 370-500 mm, the annual evaporation capacity is 1200-1400 mm, the annual evaporation rate is 2.4-3.8, the annual average temperature is 4-5 ℃, and the accumulated temperature of more than or equal to 10 ℃ all year around is 3000-3200 ℃. In spring (4-5 months), the rainfall is very little, the average is 40-50 mm, the temperature rises quickly, more strong wind exists, the evaporation capacity is large, and the salt accumulation period of the annual water-salt movement is realized; the amount of precipitation is large in summer (6-8 months), the average is 300mm, and the period is a soil desalting period; reduction and evaporation of rainfall in autumn (9-10 months)Slightly stronger, also in weak, surface salt accumulation period; the soil is frozen in winter (11 months to 3 months next year), the depth can reach 160-180 m, the movement of water and salt is in a basic stagnation state, but when the soil is thawed in spring next year, the water stagnation of the frozen layer can promote the accumulation of salt on the surface soil. On the aspect of landform, the Songnen plain is a low plain formed by surrounding Changbai mountain, Daxing AnLing and Xiaoxing AnLing, the altitude is 140-180 m, and the relative height is 5-10 m. The underground water in the area is abundant, the underground water level is 1-3 m, and the mineralization degree is 0.5-3.0 gL^-1It belongs to carbonate weakly mineralized water, and the matrix of the formed soil is river and lake phase sediment.

A core demonstration area is set in Hao and Tai Xiang alkali Bala village, is a scientific research and practice teaching experiment demonstration base for western semiarid wind-sand saline-alkaline soil areas established in the 70 th century in China, and is also a typical representative area for well irrigation of rice in saline-alkaline land. The village is from 1985, partial degraded grassland is reclaimed into a paddy field, underground water is used for planting rice, and the rice planting area of well irrigation is developed to more than 2000 mu. The red-light farm tries to develop saline-alkali soil rice seeds from the initial stage of liberation, is the earliest area for introducing the water of the Yangtze river and developing the rice seeds in the saline-alkali soil in the province, and is also the area with the highest level and the highest yield per unit of the rice seeds in the saline-alkali soil at present.

Test 1

Weighing 4 g of the improved material of the invention, putting the material into a beaker, adding 10ml of distilled water to ensure that the weight ratio of soil: water =1:2.5, stirred for 2 minutes, and after standing for 30 minutes, the modified material pH was measured.

Weighing 100 g of saline-alkali soil, putting the saline-alkali soil into a beaker, weighing 0.4 g of improved material (calculated by applying 600 kg of improved material per mu), uniformly mixing, and adding 250ml of distilled water to ensure that the soil: water =1:2.5, stirred well for 2 minutes, left for 1 hour, and then pH and conductivity (EC) of the saline-alkali soil solution were measured. Meanwhile, soil without the improvement material is set as a Control (CK).

TABLE 1 pH and conductivity (EC) of the modified materials and saline-alkali soil after application of the modified materials

。

Test 2

The field test shows that the volume weight of the CK treated soil reaches 1.6g/cm at most (see figure 1)³In the above, the bulk density of the soil treated by the formula 3 is the lowest, the bulk density of the soil is ranked as CK > formula 1 > formula 2 > formula 4 > formula 3, wherein the CK treatment and other treatments have significant difference (P is less than 0.05), the formula 1 and the formula 2 have insignificant difference (P is more than 0.05), the formula 3 and the formula 4 have insignificant difference (P is more than 0.05), but the formula 3 and the formula 4 have significant difference (P is less than 0.05) with other treatments, which indicates that all treatments have significant reduction effect on the bulk density of the soil.

Test 3

The field test shows that (see table 2), the exchangeable sodium content of CK treatment is the highest, the exchangeable sodium content of the other treatments is lower than that of CK, the reduction amplitude reaches 25.2%, 29.7%, 50.2% and 62.7%, and the exchangeable sodium content is significantly different from that of CK (P is less than 0.05); with the exception of the formulation 3 treatment, none of the treatments differed significantly in CEC from the CK treatment (P > 0.05), no significant difference between the formulation 3 and the formulation 4 treatment (P > 0.05), but significant difference between the formulation 1 and the formulation 2 treatment (P < 0.05). The exchangeable sodium is greatly reduced, CEC is increased to a certain extent, so ESP is also greatly reduced, and each treatment can be reduced by 14.43 percent, 16.65 percent, 29.9 percent and 35.95 percent respectively, which shows that each treatment can effectively reduce the alkalization degree of the soil.

Test 4

The organic matter content of the soil was improved to some extent after harvest for all treatments compared to the CK treatment (see fig. 2), each treatment was improved by 0.94%, 1.27%, 3.84% and 3.33%, respectively, indicating that formula 3 had the highest treatment, but was not significantly different from formula 4.

Test 5

The effect of different modifier formulations on the constitutive factors of rice yield (see table 3). Different modifiers and combinations have obvious influence on the constituent factors of the rice yield, the spike number and thousand kernel weight of the rice processed by the formula 4 are highest, the CK is lowest, and all treatments have obvious difference with the CK (P is less than 0.05), which indicates that the spike number can be improved by all treatments; the spike number was highest for formula 3 treatment and lowest for formula 2, but there was no significant difference between the CK, formula 1 and formula 2 treatments (P > 0.05). From the yield aspect, the highest formula 4 is 7122kg/ha, and the yield of the rice is obviously improved by other formulas compared with CK, wherein the yield is respectively improved by 18.62%, 25.52%, 56.38% and 36.11%.

TABLE 2 soil exchangeable sodium for different amendment formulations

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TABLE 3 influence of different improver formulations on the constitutive factors of rice yield

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Table 4 the formulation has the following composition

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Jilin province western land arrangement and production key technology research benefit analysis report

First, economic benefit analysis

(I) grain production efficiency

The 'desalting surface layer' rapid establishing technology taking the aluminum ion modifying agent as the core enables the rice seedlings to be transplanted in the newly-opened saline-alkali soil paddy field the next day without the phenomena of 'floating rice seedlings' and the like, and farmers need more than 15 days for routine treatment and even can not transplant rice seedlings. After a long season, a 15-20 cm 'desalination surface layer' can be formed by newly developing the paddy field, and the growth vigor of the paddy field is equivalent to the effect of 3-4 year paddy field development of farmers. The pH value of the soil is obviously reduced, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil are obviously improved, the salt content of the soil in a desalting surface layer is obviously reduced, and the yield of the rice in the season is 6000kg/hm²The above. According to the current market price, the aluminum ion modifier needs about 900 yuan per ton, and the price per ton is about 1000 yuan RMB with freight charge. The one-time application amount of the newly opened severe saline-alkali soil paddy field is 300-1200 kg/hm²The Renminbi needs 300-1200 Yuan, namely, the conventional method is more convenient for farmersThe investment is increased by 300-1200 yuan. However, the aluminum ion modifier is not required to be applied for a plurality of years, and a stable 'desalted surface layer' can be established by one-time application of a proper amount. According to the results of the test demonstration, the rice yield can be increased by at least 1000-2000 kg/hm after the aluminum ion modifier is applied²Above, the current market price of the new rice is 2.8-3.0 yuan/kg, the income of each hectare can be increased by 2800-6000 yuan RMB, the cost of the modifying agent is deducted, and the pure benefit of each hectare is 1600-5700 yuan RMB. In the general project of commercial grain capacity construction for increasing yield by billions of jin in Jilin province, the total area of 405 ten thousand mu is improved and newly added in saline-alkali soil areas in western parts of our province, for example, the comprehensive technical model of soda saline-alkali soil utilization improvement with aluminum ion modifying agents as the core is popularized, the pure income of farmers can be increased by 4.32-15.39 million yuan, and the economic benefit is very great.

For the paddy field with less than moderate soda saline-alkali soil which is reclaimed for a certain period but still does not establish a stable 'desalination surface layer', 200-300 kg/hm of the fertilizer is applied at one time²The modifier can achieve the purpose of improvement, and has great long-term economic benefit from the perspective of sustainable utilization of land.

For the dry farmland soil of the saline-alkali soil, the utilization improvement mode taking soda alkali spots as main attack targets can increase the yield by 200 kg/hm²About, if 100 ten thousand mu are popularized, 1300 ten thousand kilograms of grains can be increased every year. In the current market, the price of corn is the lowest compared with other economic crops such as coarse cereals and the like, and is about 1.8 yuan/jin in market, and even if the corn with the lowest price is calculated, the income can be increased by 2400 ten thousand yuan.

(II) fertilizer saving benefit

Through the implementation of the environment-friendly benefit type fertilization mode and the key technology of the saline-alkali soil paddy field, the fertilization amount can be reduced by 140-280kg/hm compared with the conventional fertilization of farmers². The cost of the compound fertilizer is calculated according to the market price of 2300 yuan/ton, 322-644 yuan can be saved per hectare, and 0.87-1.74 million yuan can be saved per 405 ten thousand mu.

(III) Water saving benefits

Through the implementation of soda saline-alkali soil paddy field water resource high-efficient utilization mode, can water economy 200~400m³/hm²The water saving rate reaches 19.05% -32%. The method not only has huge economic benefit, but also can generate huge ecological benefit.

Second, ecological benefit analysis

Firstly, water is saved, so that huge ecological benefits are generated; and secondly, by the popularization of the project, the saline-alkali soil caused by the degradation of the grassland can be changed into a fertile farmland or vegetation can be restored in a short time, the process of western desertification and alkalization can be greatly inhibited, and the occurrence of sand storm can be prevented. The severe saline-alkali wasteland and the wasteland are converted into fertile farmland, and the ecological environment and the landscape environment of the wasteland are far superior to those of the degenerated wasteland; thirdly, by implementing the project, newly developing a paddy field from the waste saline-alkali soil, and applying organic fertilizers and other measures, the organic matters of the soil can be improved by about 3g/kg in the first year, and then the organic matters are slowly improved year by year, so that the ecological benefit of carbon fixation and sink increase is very great; fourthly, the improvement of the cultivated land quality can further reduce the pressure of grasslands caused by population growth, and the vitality of the grasslands can be recovered, thereby greatly improving the overall ecological environment of western regions of our province.

Third, social benefit analysis

Through the popularization of the project, the western saline-alkali soil resources of our province can be fully utilized, the land productivity can be greatly improved, the situation of a plurality of low-yield cultivated lands in the western region is changed, the yield per unit of grains is continuously improved, the income of farmers is increased, the agriculture is enhanced, and the construction pace of new socialist rural areas is accelerated. Meanwhile, the development of other industries can be driven, farmlands of farmers are increased, living standard is greatly improved, and society is more stable.

Claims (2)

1. A material for improving soda saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that: the weight portions of the effective components are as follows:

40-50 parts of bauxite powder, 20-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 20-30 parts of inert organic material, 3-10 parts of kaolin and 4-5 parts of 98% sulfuric acid;

wherein: crushing bauxite by a crusher, and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve while removing dust; the organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5 percent; the kaolin is crushed and sieved by a 20-mesh sieve.

2. The soda saline-alkali soil improving material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inert organic material is pulverized brown coal or straw carbon.

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