CN112007687B - 一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法 - Google Patents
一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法,属于生物质资源转化和利用领域,包含如下步骤:步骤一,将粉末状HZSM‑5分子筛压片成型,随后破碎并筛取颗粒;步骤二,将HZSM‑5成型颗粒置于含有水蒸汽的载气氛围中,进行恒温处理;步骤三,将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM‑5成型颗粒置在空气中恒温煅烧,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM‑5催化剂。采用本发明提供的技术方案,可调节HZSM‑5催化剂骨架结构及酸性,改善其在生物质热解蒸气催化转化反应中的催化性能,与未经改性的HZSM‑5催化剂相比,有效提高了生物质催化热解反应烃类目标产物产率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物质资源转化和利用领域,具体涉及一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法。
背景技术
芳烃和烯烃是化工生产中关键的基本原料,目前二者主要来源于石油等化石能源。化石能源储量有限且不可再生,同时消耗化石能源会导致温室气体排放问题日益严重,目前全球各国均提倡能源结构应向多元、清洁、低碳转型,开发可再生的清洁能源成为了当前研究的热点。生物质是自然界中唯一可再生的有机碳源,可用于替代传统化石能源来制备高品质燃料与化学品。生物质不仅资源丰富,同时具备可再生性、低污染性、广泛分布性、碳中性等诸多优点,是化石能源的理想替代品。发展以生物质为原料制备芳烃和烯烃的相关技术,符合可持续发展要求,对于推进能源生产和消费革命具有重要意义。
生物质催化热解技术是一种在催化剂作用下将生物质转化为高品质燃料与化学品的高效热化学转化方法。该技术中通常包含生物质热解形成热解蒸气与热解蒸气催化转化两个部分,在HZSM-5催化剂作用下,生物质热解蒸气可被转化为以芳烃和烯烃为主的烃类产物,具有良好的应用前景。然而该技术目前存在烃类目标产物产率低且HZSM-5催化剂易积碳失活的问题。针对目前HZSM-5催化剂进行改性,提高催化剂抗积碳能力,优化催化剂对于生物质热解蒸气的催化性能,以提高烃类目标产物产率,是解决生物质催化热解技术中现有问题,推动技术发展的有效途径。
HZSM-5催化剂具有特定的孔道结构,活性酸位点均匀分布在催化剂内外表面。生物质催化热解蒸气产物中,各组分分子尺寸大小不一,分子尺寸小于催化剂孔径的轻质组分容易进入催化剂孔道内部被转化为烃类目标产物,而分子尺寸大于催化剂孔径的重质组分难以进入催化剂孔道,且容易在催化剂外表面酸性作用下形成积碳从而堵塞孔道,导致催化剂失活,此外部分活性小分子轻质组分也容易在催化剂外表面酸性作用下被消耗,降低烃类目标产物产率。对HZSM-5分子筛进行水蒸汽处理,可以部分除去催化剂骨架中的铝元素,调节催化剂骨架结构及酸性,改善催化剂在生物质热解蒸气催化转化反应中的催化性能,有效提高烃类目标产物产率。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中的不足,本发明提供一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法,该方法能有效调整HZSM-5催化剂的骨架结构和酸性,提高生物质催化热解烃类目标产物产率。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤一,将粉末状HZSM-5分子筛压片成型,随后破碎并筛取颗粒;
步骤二,将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于含有水蒸汽的载气氛围中,进行恒温处理;
步骤三,将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在空气中恒温煅烧,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
进一步的,所述步骤一中的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛的SiO2/Al2O3比范围为20-80。
进一步的,所述步骤一中的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛压片成型的压强范围为20-50MPa。
进一步的,所述步骤一中的所筛取成型颗粒粒径范围为0.1-2mm。
进一步的,所述步骤二中的载气氛围为纯水蒸汽或者水蒸汽和惰性气体的混合物,惰性气体为二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、氩气中的一种或多种,载气中水蒸汽体积含量不小于20%体积百分比。
进一步的,所述步骤二中的水蒸汽处理温度范围为500-700℃,处理时长为5-480min。
进一步的,所述步骤三中的空气煅烧温度范围为500-700℃,煅烧时长为1-6h。
有效增益
采用本发明提供的技术方案,通过水蒸汽脱铝反应对HZSM-5催化剂骨架中铝元素进行部分脱除,一方面改变了催化剂的骨架结构,使催化剂原本的微孔结构部分转化为介孔,强化了热解蒸气在催化剂孔道内的扩散,提高了催化剂耐积碳性能,并有利于大分子重质组分的梯级转化,另一方面调节了催化剂酸性,有效降低催化剂外表面酸量及酸强度,有利于生物质热解蒸气向目标烃类产物的转化。该改性方法明显改善了HZSM-5催化剂在生物质热解蒸气催化转化反应中的催化性能,有效提高了烃类目标产物产率。
附图说明
图1是对比例1和实施例1-7催化剂的酸性表征。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法,为使本发明目的、技术方案及效果更加明晰,通过以下实例对方案进行进一步说明。本发明描述的具体实例仅用于解释本发明,不用于限定本发明。
实施例1:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为60%水蒸汽+40%氮气的载气氛围中,在550℃温度下处理15min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能采用流化床/固定床两级反应器上的生物质催化热解反应测试,其中第一级反应器为流化床反应器用于生物质快速热解生成热解蒸气,第二级反应器为固定床反应器,用于装载HZSM-5催化剂,使生物质热解蒸气在催化剂作用下转化为烃类目标产物。两级反应器均维持在550℃的反应温度,载气氛围采用体积百分比为100%的氮气,生物质原料采用松木屑,生物质进料速率相对于催化剂用量的质量空速为1.33h-1,催化热解液体产物经维持在0℃的冷凝系统收集。
反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为24.6%。
实施例2:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为60%水蒸汽+40%氮气的载气氛围中,在550℃温度下处理30min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为25.3%。
实施例3:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为60%水蒸汽+40%氮气的载气氛围中,在550℃温度下处理60min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为25.1%。
实施例4:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为60%水蒸汽+40%氮气的载气氛围中,在550℃温度下处理120min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为25.1%。
实施例5:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为60%水蒸汽+40%氮气的载气氛围中,在550℃温度下处理240min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为25.0%。
实施例6:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为60%水蒸汽+40%氮气的载气氛围中,在550℃温度下处理360min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为24.5%。
实施例7:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为60%水蒸汽+40%氮气的载气氛围中,在550℃温度下处理480min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为24.2%。
实施例8:
将购自于江苏先丰纳米材料科技有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为20的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在20MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.1-1.0mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为100%水蒸汽的载气氛围中,在700℃温度下处理5min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在700℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为27.8%。
实施例9:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为80的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在50MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.6-2.0mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为20%水蒸汽+80%氩气的载气氛围中,在500℃温度下处理60min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在500℃空气氛围中煅烧6h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为22.1%。
实施例10:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为80的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在50MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.6-2.0mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于体积百分比为20%水蒸汽+80%氩气的载气氛围中,在600℃温度下处理60min;将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在500℃空气氛围中煅烧6h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为22.3%。
对比例1:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为38的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在30MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.3-0.9mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置在600℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为20.4%。
对比例2:
将购自于江苏先丰纳米材料科技有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为20的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在20MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.1-1.0mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒在700℃空气氛围中煅烧1h,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为22.8%。
对比例3:
将购自于天津南化催化剂有限公司的SiO2/Al2O3比为80的粉末状HZSM-5分子筛在50MPa压强下压片成型,随后破碎并筛取粒径范围为0.6-2.0mm的颗粒;将HZSM-5成型颗粒置在500℃空气氛围中煅烧6h,冷却后得到HZSM-5催化剂。
催化剂性能测试方法同实施例1,反应结束后采用气相色谱分析仪对烃类目标产物进行定量分析,结果表明烃类目标产物相对于生物质原料的碳产率为17.7%。
对比例1与实施例1-7催化剂的孔隙特性:
Claims (1)
1.一种用于提高生物质催化热解烃类产率的催化剂改性方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤一,将粉末状HZSM-5分子筛压片成型,随后破碎并筛取颗粒;
步骤二,将HZSM-5成型颗粒置于含有水蒸汽的载气氛围中,进行恒温处理;
步骤三,将水蒸汽处理后的HZSM-5成型颗粒置在空气中恒温煅烧,冷却后得到改性后的HZSM-5催化剂;
所述步骤一中粉末状HZSM-5分子筛的SiO2/Al2O3比范围为20-80;
所述步骤一中粉末状HZSM-5分子筛压片成型的压强范围为20-50MPa;
所述步骤一中所筛取成型颗粒粒径范围为0.1-2mm;
所述步骤二中载气氛围为水蒸汽和惰性气体的混合物,其中惰性气体为二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、氩气中的一种或多种,载气中水蒸汽体积含量不小于20%体积百分比;所述步骤二中水蒸汽处理温度范围为500-700℃,处理时长为5-480min;
所述步骤三中空气煅烧温度范围为500-700℃,煅烧时长为1-6h。
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