CN112002293A

CN112002293A - Twelve-tone equal temperament modulation zither

Info

Publication number: CN112002293A
Application number: CN201910389555.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张华克
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-05-10
Filing date: 2019-05-10
Publication date: 2020-11-27

Abstract

A twelve-tone equal temperament modulation kite comprises a kite body, a goose post, a mountain mouth and strings, wherein the strings comprise a first string and a second string, the goose post comprises a first goose post and a second goose post, the second goose post comprises a second goose post hole, and the mountain is provided with a plurality of mountain holes; the first string crosses over the mountains, penetrates out of the second goose post hole and is bridged at the mountains, and the second string penetrates out of the mountains, crosses over the first goose post and is bridged at the mountains; the first string is higher than the second string at a position close to the Yuansan of the Yuansan-to-Quer, and the second string is higher than the first string at a position close to the Quansan of the Yuansan-to-Quer; by utilizing the difference between the first string and the second string, the modulation zither can express the complete twelve-tone equal temperament by utilizing the traditional zither manipulation.

Description

Twelve-tone equal temperament modulation zither

Technical Field

The invention relates to a modulation zither, which can use the traditional Chinese zither playing technique to express complete twelve-tone equal temperament.

Background

The koto is also called Chinese zither, Qin zither, Yao zither and luan zither, is a zither instrument in the traditional Chinese musical instruments of China, and belongs to plucked musical instruments. Because of beautiful timbre, wide range of range, rich playing skill and expressive force, the music instrument is popular with audiences.

The traditional Chinese zither is characterized in that a kite body is a wooden hollow box which is flat and rectangular, and a face plate is provided with a radian protrusion. The two ends of the string are lapped on the right side mountain and the left side mountain, the mountain is S-shaped, and the mountain is flat and straight. The left side of the kite body is a kite tail, one end of a string is fixed in a piano hole on the left side of a mountain opening, the right side of the kite body is a kite head, one end of the string is fixed in a piano hole on the right side of a Yueshan through a string nail, and the string nail is rotated to adjust string tension to control pitch; the goose post is arranged between the mountains and the hill mouths and used for supporting the strings, and the pitch can be finely adjusted by moving the goose post; the string is made of nylon steel string, silk string, etc.

The traditional Chinese zither is arranged according to the traditional five-tone scale (figure 1A) of palace, quotient, angle, sign and feather, one string is one tone, the first string closest to a player is the highest tone, the string farthest from the player is the lowest tone, the most common twenty-one string zither is provided with four groups of five-tone scales and one ending tone, and the twenty-one string is generally set according to the D major tone five-tone scale (figure 1B). Because the traditional Chinese zither adopts the fixed strings of the five-tone scale, and the original fixed strings have no other seven semitones, the modulation of the Chinese zither is not as convenient and rich as other musical instruments.

In order to cope with the complicated modulation forms required by the demand of the songs in the modern folk music group, instrument reformers refer to and research a plurality of ways to improve the modulation function of koto, including:

(1) the code shifting pedal is used to tune the Zheng, and the tuning device is started to move the goose post by stepping on the pedal, so as to change the effective chord length.

(2) The first contraposition top pressing string-cutting modulation zither is that through the pedal sound key, the ratchet swing piece transmission part respectively carries out half-tone rising and half-tone lowering movements according to the requirement of tone-changing modulation, and the contraposition top pressing string-pressing part is pushed and expanded to realize the quick modulation of string-cutting tone-changing.

(3) Fifteen-string pedal type modulation zither and twenty-one-string key tension modulation zither are spitted at the Ying mouth, and the tension of strings is changed by adopting a pedal or hand-press machine, so that the pitch is changed, and the aim of modulation is fulfilled.

(4) The butterfly-type zither has the appearance like a butterfly, the zither bodies are like two zithers which are combined together, and a complete twelve-tone equal temperament formed by mutually combining the left and right resonance bodies is adopted.

(5) The pin-cut string tuning zither has semitone quality set inside the effective string length, and string hook to press the string to the middle lattice.

(6) The Twenty-six strings of Suzhou pedal cuts string to tune the zither, and the position of the part of the Yueshan changes through the change of the pedal, thus achieving the purpose of tuning.

The above-mentioned various zither reformation methods still have the disadvantages that many problems occur in the actual playing. The pedal, the code shifting type modulation device and the tension modulation device have the problem of inaccurate modulation tone; the delta-shaped chord-cutting modulation device has the defects of complex program and no sound accuracy guarantee; the middle code type modulation device is like a butterfly zither, the appearance of the zither is changed, and the playing technique is different from the traditional one; the above-mentioned reformation method only adds to the musical scale lacking in the traditional Chinese zither, but does not consider the playing mode and the original tone of the Chinese zither, so that the playing fingering method is changed to be large, and the original lingering charm of the Chinese zither is lost.

Therefore, how to play the twelve-tone equal temperament completely and how to keep the traditional zheng playing technique is an important subject to be solved by the invention.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the inventor provides a modulation zither, which can completely play twelve-tone equal temperament without changing the playing technique and the final sound of the original zither by utilizing the fact that strings are staggered up and down on a structure with the difference of heights of a Yueshan and an Yan column and properly interpenetrate other seven semitones among the original five tones.

The invention relates to a modulation zither with twelve equal temperaments, which mainly comprises a zither body, wherein the modulation zither body comprises: a plurality of anser bars, the anser bars comprising a plurality of first anser bars and a plurality of second anser bars, the second anser bars comprising a plurality of second anser bar holes;

a Yue mountain, a plurality of Yue mountain holes are arranged on the Yue mountain;

a mountain mouth;

a plurality of chords, wherein the chords comprise a plurality of first chords and a plurality of second chords, the first chords cross the mountain and penetrate out of the second goose post holes to cross the top of the mountain, and the second chords penetrate out of the second goose post holes to cross the top of the mountain;

the first strings are higher than the second strings at the positions from the mountain to the wild goose posts, which are close to the mountain, and the second strings are higher than the first strings at the positions from the mountain to the wild goose posts, which are close to the wild goose posts.

To achieve the above object, the first strings represent the musical scale of a traditional Chinese zither, and the first strings are arranged to sequentially represent the musical scales D, E, # F, A, B.

To achieve the above object, the second string arrangements present musical scales # D, F, G, # G, # A, C, # C in sequence.

To achieve the above object, the strings represent twelve equal temperament scales, and the strings are arranged to represent scales D, # D, E, F, # F, G, # G, A, # A, B, C, # C in sequence.

To achieve the above object, the horizontal distance between the second goose post holes and the top ends of the second goose posts is 0.3 cm to 1.0 cm.

To achieve the above object, the preferred horizontal distance from the second goose post holes to the top ends of the second goose posts is 0.4 cm to 0.8 cm.

To achieve the above object, the horizontal distance from the Yueshan holes to the top of the Yueshan is 0.3 cm-1.0 cm.

To achieve the above object, the preferred horizontal distance from the Yueshan holes to the top of the Yueshan is 0.4 cm-0.8 cm.

To achieve the above purpose, a pad strip 32 is disposed above the mountain 3 for supporting and fixing the string 7, and a pad strip 32 is disposed near the mountain hole 31 for supporting and fixing the string 7.

To achieve the above object, the distance between the chords is 0.5 cm to 0.9 cm.

For the purpose of the present invention, it is preferable that the strings 7 have X, and represent a complete set of twelve equal temperament scales Y, wherein X is 12X Y +1, and Y is 2 to 7.

The invention relates to a twelve-tone equal temperament modulation zither, which is compared with the prior art. The invention has the following advantages:

1. the twelve-tone equal temperament is presented, which comprises five-tone scales D, E and F, A, B and seven chromatic scales # D, F, G, # G, # A, C and # C except the five tones, and compared with the five tones of the traditional Chinese zither, the twelve-tone equal temperament has convenient modulation and complete musical scale;

2. each tone is matched with a fixed string, one string is one tone, modulation is not required in modes of pedals or moving wild gooses and the like, time difference is avoided in modulation, and the pitch is accurate;

3. the string is staggered up and down on the structure of difference in height of the Yuan mountain and the goose post, other seven semitones are properly inserted between the five-tone scales, the twelve-tone equal temperament can be popped up by once whisking in the playing area between the Yuan mountain and the goose post, the traditional Guzheng playing technique is used, the right hand is played, the left hand is massaged, and the effects of Yin and smooth are generated.

Drawings

Fig. 1A is a schematic view of a five-tone scale of a zither;

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a D major scale of a conventional twenty-one string Guzheng;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the present twelve-tone equal temperament modulation zither;

fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 2;

FIG. 4A is a schematic view of a first chord;

FIG. 4B is a schematic view of a second chord;

FIG. 4C is a schematic view of a first chord and a second chord;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the string distribution.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a D large scale of a modulation zither with forty-nine strings as a standard form.

Description of reference numerals: 1-a kite body; 2-goose post; 21-first goose post; 22-second goose post; 23-second anser post hole; 3-Yueshan; 31-Yueshan hole; 32-a filler strip; 4-right side string hole; 5-a hill top; 6-a panel; 7-chord; 71-a first chord; 72-a second chord; 73-chordal up-down staggering; 74-first playing zone; 75-second playing area.

Detailed Description

The present invention is illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited by the following examples.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 2 to 4, fig. 4A and fig. 4B, the modulation zither of the invention comprises a zither body 1, a plurality of yan posts 2, a yan mountain 3, a hill 5 and a plurality of strings 7, wherein the zither body 1 comprises a panel 6, wherein the yan mountain 3 is arranged at the joint of the panel 6 and a zither head, the zither head is provided with a plurality of right side string holes 4 for fixing strings, the hill 5 is arranged at the joint of the panel 6 and a zither tail in a traditional form, the strings 7 are arranged on the panel 6, the yan posts 2 are vibration transmission struts of the strings 7 and the panel 6, each yan post 2 supports one string 7, wherein the strings 7 comprise a plurality of first strings 71 and a plurality of second strings 72, wherein the yan posts 2 comprise a plurality of first yan posts 21 and a plurality of second yan posts 22, the positions of the yan posts 2 can move left and right to adjust the pitch, the second yan post 22 is provided with a second yan post hole 23, wherein the yan mountain 3 is provided with a plurality of yan post holes; each goose post 2 can be further added with a pad strip 32 for supporting and fixing the string 7, a pad strip 32 can be further added beside each mountain hole 31 for supporting and fixing the string 7, and the material of the pad strip 32 can be, but is not limited to bamboo.

The first string 71 of the modulation kite crosses the Yueshan 3 through the right side string hole 4, the pad strip 32 can be arranged on the Yueshan 3 and penetrates out of the second goose post hole 23 to be bridged on the mountain mouth 5, and the second string 72 penetrates out of the Yueshan hole 31 through the right side string hole 4 to be bridged on the pad strip 32, crosses the first goose post 21 and is bridged on the mountain mouth 5. The first string 71 and the second string 72 are staggered up and down at the string upper and lower staggered part 73, and in a first playing area 74 between the Yueshan 3 and the string upper and lower staggered part 73, the position of the first string 71 is higher than that of the second string 72; the second string 72 is positioned higher than the first string 71 in a second playing area 75 between the string up and down crossing 73 and the geese post 2.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

as shown in fig. 2-3 and fig. 4A-C, the first string 71 crosses over the mountains 3 and penetrates out of the second goose post hole 23, and is bridged over the hill mouth 5, the position of the first string 71 in the first playing area 74 is higher than that of the second string 72, and fingers only touch the first string 71 during playing; the second string 72 penetrates out of the Yueshan hole 31 to cross over the first goose post 21 and then is bridged over the mountain opening 5, the position of the second string 72 in the second playing area 75 is higher than that of the first string 71, and fingers only touch the second string 72 during plucking.

Examples

The size of the modulation zither is the same as that of a common Chinese zither, the modulation zither is about 5-6 feet long and about 1-1.3 feet wide, the modulation zither is the same as that of a common twenty-one string zither, 49 strings are arranged, and twelve equal temperaments of 4 groups of musical scales are represented as shown in table 1. Each string of the modulation kite is arranged in parallel, the interval of the string holes on the right side is about 0.5-0.9 cm, and the string 7 can be made of nylon steel, silk, hair, ribs, steel, nylon or other materials. The shape of the post 2 may be, but is not limited to, chevron, pyramid, ancient spring, gourd, etc.

The modulation kite of the invention utilizes the goose post 2 and the mountain 3 to adjust the high and low positions of the string 7, the first string 71 passes through the low position of the mountain 3 and crosses the goose post 2 (high position), namely: the first string 71 crosses the Yuanshan 3 (high position) and passes out from the low position of the goose post 2, namely: the first string 71 penetrates out of the second goose post hole 23 across the Yushan 3 and is bridged on the top 5, so that a first playing area 74 close to the Yushan 3 presents a five-tone scale D, E and # F, A, B when in supporting and wiping, as shown in fig. 4A and 4C, the 49 th string of the modulation kite is the first string 71 which penetrates out of the second goose post hole 23 across the Yushan 3, and a pitch D is presented when in supporting and wiping; the second string 72 penetrates out from the Yueshan hole 31 to cross over the goose post 2, such as the high position of the first goose post 21, and is bridged on the top of the hill 5, so that the second playing area 75 close to the goose post 2 is connected with the support and the continuous wiping to present seven chromatic scales # D, F, G, # G, # A, C, # C outside the five tones, as shown in fig. 4B and 4C, the 48 th string of the modulation kite is that the second string 72 penetrates out from the Yueshan hole 31 to cross over the goose post 2, such as the high position of the first goose post 21, and the pitch # D is presented when the second string is connected with the support and the continuous wiping; the modulation kite can be supported and smeared between the goose post 2 and the Yueshan 3 to present musical scales D, # D, E, F, # F, G, # G, A, # A, B, C and # C of complete twelve-tone equal temperament; as shown in fig. 5, the twelve-tone equal temperament can be popped up by utilizing the vertical staggering formed by the structures that the strings are arranged on the mountains and the height difference of the goose posts, other seven semitones are properly inserted between the five-tone scale, and the twelve-tone equal temperament can be popped up by once flicking in the playing area between the mountains and the goose posts; the modulation zither takes 49 strings as a standard form (as shown in fig. 6), can express four complete groups of twelve-tone equal temperament scales, and can also increase or decrease the number of the strings at the head and the tail according to actual requirements, so that the performance of completely expressing the twelve-tone equal temperament scales can be still maintained.

The connecting support and the connecting eraser are the basic fingering of the Chinese zither, the connecting support is formed by sequentially and continuously plucking strings from high pitch to low pitch from the outside of a thumb, and the connecting eraser is formed by sequentially and continuously plucking strings from low pitch to high pitch from the inside.

TABLE 1

The distance from the second goose post hole 23 to the top end of the second goose post 22 of the modulation kite is about 0.3-1.0 cm, the preferable distance from the second goose post hole 23 to the top end of the second goose post 22 is 0.4-0.8 cm, the horizontal distance from the mountain hole 31 to the top end of the mountain 22 is about 0.3-1.0 cm, the preferable horizontal distance from the mountain hole 31 to the top end of the mountain 22 is 0.4-0.8 cm, the first string 71 and the second string 72 can be staggered up and down, namely the first string 71 only represents the five-tone scale in the first playing area 74, the second string 72 cannot be played, and the second string 72 only represents seven semitones outside the five-tone scale in the second playing area 75, the first string 71 cannot be played.

The existing Chinese zither playing skill is used for playing the first playing area 74, five-tone music can be played, the distance between every two adjacent first strings 71 is about 1-2.2 cm, and is similar to the string distance of the traditional twenty-one-string zither, if the left hand is matched with the right hand to select the second playing area 75 to play the second string 72, the tone can be easily changed, the existing Chinese zither playing skill is used, and meanwhile, the twelve-tone music can be completely expressed by playing the first playing area 74 and the second playing area 75.

The above detailed description is specific to possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A twelve-tone equal temperament modulation zither is characterized in that a zither body (1) comprises:

the wild goose posts (2) comprise a plurality of first wild goose posts (21) and a plurality of second wild goose posts (22), and the second wild goose posts (22) are provided with second wild goose post holes (23);

a Yueshan (3), wherein the Yueshan (3) is provided with a plurality of Yueshan holes (31);

a mountain mouth (5);

a plurality of strings (7), the strings (7) comprising a plurality of first strings (71) and a plurality of second strings (72), the first strings (71) cross over the Yuanshan (3) and cross over the Yan post holes (23) and then cross over the mountain mouth (5), the second strings (72) cross over the Yuanshan holes (31) and cross over the mountain mouth (5) after crossing over the first Yan post (21), and the first strings (71) are higher at the position from the Yuanshan (3) to the Yan post (2) near the Yuanshan (3) than the second strings (72), the second strings (72) are higher at the position from the Yuanshan (3) to the Yan post (2) near the Yan post (2) than the first strings (71), wherein the strings (7) can represent a complete twelve-tone scale average.

2. The twelve-tone equal temperament modulation kite of claim 1, wherein said first strings (71) represent the five-tone scale of a conventional kite, said first strings (71) being arranged to present the scales D, E, # F, A, B in order.

3. The twelve equal temperament tuned instrument of claim 1, wherein the second string (72) arrangement presents musical scales # D, F, G, # G, # A, C, # C in sequence.

4. The twelve equal temperament inflationary zither of claim 1, the arrangement of strings (7) presenting a scale D, # D, E, F, # F, G, # G, A, # A, B, C, # C in that order.

5. The twelve-equal temperament modulation kite of claim 1, wherein the horizontal distance from the second goose post hole (23) to the top end of the second goose post (22) is 0.3-1.0 cm.

6. The twelve-equal temperament modulation kite of claim 1, wherein the horizontal distance from the second goose post hole (23) to the top end of the second goose post (22) is 0.4-0.8 cm.

7. The twelve-tone equal temperament modulation kite according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal distance from said mountain hole (31) to the top of said mountain (3) is 0.3-1.0 cm.

8. The twelve-tone equal temperament modulation kite according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal distance from said mountain hole (31) to the top of said mountain (3) is 0.4-0.8 cm.

9. The twelve tone equal temperament zither as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pad (32) is provided above said bridge (3) for supporting and fixing the strings (7), and a pad (32) is provided beside said bridge hole (31) for supporting and fixing the strings (7).

10. The twelve-tone equal temperament modulation kite of claim 1, wherein the distance between said strings (7) is 0.5-0.9 cm.

11. The twelve-tone equal temperament musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said strings (7) have X pieces and represent a complete Y set of twelve-tone equal temperament scales, where X is 12X Y +1 and Y is 2 to 7.