CN111999753B - 一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法 - Google Patents

一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法 Download PDF

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CN111999753B
CN111999753B CN202010874616.7A CN202010874616A CN111999753B CN 111999753 B CN111999753 B CN 111999753B CN 202010874616 A CN202010874616 A CN 202010874616A CN 111999753 B CN111999753 B CN 111999753B
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fault
grounding
phase
voltage
current
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CN111999753A (zh
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付宇
肖小兵
文忠进
刘安茳
郑友卓
张洋
何洪流
郝树青
蔡永翔
文屹
张锐锋
吴鹏
李前敏
王卓月
龙秋风
王宇
王冕
何肖蒙
黄伟
李跃
苗宇
张恒荣
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Guizhou Power Grid Co Ltd
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    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
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    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
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    • Y04S10/20—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution using protection elements, arrangements or systems
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，该方法包括步骤：（1）将实际配网真实接地录波数据，通过FFT变换和WPD变换建立接地模型，提取暂稳态故障特征；（2）配电终端对线路的电压电流进行高速采样，并结合小波包变换的暂态保护，采用多时窗多保护算法加权综合接地故障检测；（3）采用GPS/北斗同步技术将故障信息上送至主站；（4）主站设置的集成广域信息决策模块根据各配电终端的故障信息，判断故障点位置，对故障区段定位并给出最优自愈决策方法。本发明实现接地故障的暂态及稳态综合检测，提升接地保护水平；实现故障区段的准确定位，自动形成接地故障的最优自愈方案，减少停电面。

Description

一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，属于配电网故障定位与自愈技术领域。
背景技术
我国超过85%的故障停电是由于配网故障造成，而单相接地故障又占其中的70%，虽然小电流接地系统在接地故障发生后可以运行1~2小时，但是会带来一系列涉及设备和人身的安全危害，影响供电可靠性。目前已有数十种不同方法的接地选线装置挂网，但应用效果普遍不理想，故障后需要人工巡视，很难快速定位故障并排除，负荷易停电。依靠局部信息及单一算法来应对配网接地问题的技术路线存在一定局限性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，实现接地故障的暂态及稳态综合检测，提升接地保护水平；实现故障区段的准确定位，自动形成接地故障的最优自愈方案，减少停电面，提升配网终端设备及主站系统的工程可靠性。
本发明采取的技术方案为：一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将实际配网真实接地录波数据，通过FFT变换和WPD变换建立接地模型，分析故障机理并提取暂稳态故障特征；
（2）配电终端对线路的电压电流进行高速采样，并结合小波包变换的暂态保护，采用多时窗多保护算法加权综合接地故障检测，获得“虚假接地”和单相接地故障的辨识和高阻接地故障检测，将单相接地故障的保护水平提升到一个新的高度；
（3）采用GPS/北斗同步技术，将所有配电终端的时间同步，各配电终端基于无线技术和加密技术（SM1、SM2、SM3加密技术），将各自的带时间戳的故障信息上送至主站；
（4）主站设置的集成广域信息决策模块根据各配电终端的故障信息（故障跳闸、故障启动、故障电压、电流），判断故障点位置（同一电源侧最末端的故障跳闸或故障启动点为故障点），对故障区段定位并给出最优自愈决策方法，最优自愈决策方法为：故障点及故障点相邻的配电终端分闸、其余的配电终端合闸。
多时窗多保护算法加权综合的接地故障检测方法为：在同一个保护时窗内（30ms），采用多个保护算法进行接地判别，每个保护算法根据实际的电流特征，设置不同的加权值，最终计算所有保护算法的加权值总和，任何一种保护算法判定为有接地故障时，该保护算法的权重值有效，并于其他有效的权重值累加，超过预设值即判定为发生接地故障，多时窗是指将时间按照1ms的间隔依次划分为多个30ms时间平移窗口。
多个保护算法包括零序电流方向法、5次谐波法、有功分量法、负序电流法、首半波法、暂态能量法和Prony方法，零序电流方向法、5次谐波法、有功分量法、负序电流法、首半波法、暂态能量法和Prony方法获得的实际的电流特征加权值分别为20%、10%、10%、30%、20%和10%。
实际配网真实接地包括架空线、电缆及混合式线路的金属性接地、高阻接地、电弧接地及发展性接地。
分析故障机理的方法为：不同的接地故障，对电压电流的影响不一样，具体针对那些不同的接地故障，中性点不接地系统发生单相接地时，经故障相流入故障点的电流为正常时本电压等级每相对地中电容电流的3倍，故障相电压为零，中性点电压上升为相电压，非故障相电压上升为线电压；中性点经消弧线圈接地系统发生单相接地时，中性点对地电压升高为相电压，非故障相的对地电压升高为线电压，消弧线圈有效减小接地电流；中性点直接接地系统发生单相接地时，故障相电压等于中性点电位，非故障相电压基本不变，故障相电流增大。
暂稳态故障特征包括接地时零序电压、零序电流、负序电压、负序电流和电流谐波的特征变化。
步骤（2）中高速采样的电压电流包括三相电压、三相电流、零序电压和零序电流。
小波变换对高速采样的电压电流离散值，计算出实际的电压电流值。
步骤（2）中，“虚假接地”判断方法为：多时窗多保护算法加权值低于设定值，判定为“虚假接地”；高阻接地判断方法为：多时窗多保护算法加权值高于等于设定值，判定为真实接地，真实接地包括高阻接地。
步骤（3）中集成广域信息决策模块的实现方法为：主站具有网架的一次拓扑图，设置有各个配电终端的拓扑位置，根据各配电终端的故障信息来判断故障点位置。
本发明的有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的效果如下：
（1）本发明实现接地故障的暂态及稳态综合检测，提升接地保护水平；实现故障区段的准确定位，自动形成接地故障的最优自愈方案，减少停电面，提升配网终端设备及主站系统的工程可靠性；
（2）提取暂稳态故障特征为多时窗多保护算法加权综合的接地故障检测指导使用哪些保护算法；
（3）多时窗多保护算法加权综合的接地故障检测，能够提高单相接地检测的准确率，例如解决高阻接地难检测的问题、解决“虚假接地”误判问题，一般接地判断采用单一接地算法判据，比如零序过流。在高阻接地中，因为接地电阻大，零序电流较小，可能会和电力系统发生三相不平衡时候的零序电流大小相当，从而导致将三相不平衡误判为高阻接地。如果将零序过流定值设置的过高，又会发生高阻接地无法识别的情况。本发明不依赖单独的接地算法，采用多时窗多保护算法加权综合的接地故障检测，从而解决“虚假接地”的误判问题。
附图说明
图1是系统结构图；
图2是系统流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体的实施例对本发明进行进一步介绍。
实施例1：如图1-图2所示，一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，包括配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策系统，配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策系统包括配电终端和主站，配电终端连接有PT模块、CT模块、GPS和北斗模块，并通过加密模块连接到无线模块，无线模块连接到主站，该方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将实际配网真实接地录波数据，通过FFT变换和WPD变换建立接地模型（主要指电压电流的FFT变化和WPD变换，FFT变换和WPD变换采用经典公式，属于基础理论，不再赘述），分析故障机理并提取暂稳态故障特征，暂稳态故障特征包括接地时零序电压、零序电流、负序电压、负序电流和电流谐波的特征变化，实际配网真实接地包括架空线、电缆及混合式线路的金属性接地、高阻接地、电弧接地及发展性接地；
分析故障机理的方法为：不同的接地故障，对电压电流的影响不一样，具体针对那些不同的接地故障，中性点不接地系统发生单相接地时，经故障相流入故障点的电流为正常时本电压等级每相对地中电容电流的3倍，故障相电压为零，中性点电压上升为相电压，非故障相电压上升为线电压；中性点经消弧线圈接地系统发生单相接地时，中性点对地电压升高为相电压，非故障相的对地电压升高为线电压，消弧线圈有效减小接地电流；中性点直接接地系统发生单相接地时，故障相电压等于中性点电位，非故障相电压基本不变，故障相电流增大；
（2）配电终端对线路的电压电流进行高速采样，高速采样的电压电流包括三相电压、三相电流、零序电压和零序电流，高速采样结合小波包变换（小波变换对高速采样的电压电流离散值，计算出实际的电压电流值，小波变换采用经典公式）的暂态保护（暂态保护是相对于稳态保护而言，稳态保护大多采用电压电流有效值判断，暂态保护大多采用电压电路瞬时值进行判断，多时窗多保护算法中的首半波法、暂态能量法、Prony方法都属于暂态保护），采用多时窗多保护算法加权综合接地故障检测，获得“虚假接地”和单相接地故障的辨识（多时窗多保护算法中的任何一个算法结果显示有故障，都可以认为发生了单相接地故障，最终用加权值来判定是否是真实接地还是虚假接地）和高阻接地故障检测，将单相接地故障的保护水平提升到一个新的高度；
多时窗多保护算法加权综合的接地故障检测方法为：在同一个保护时窗内（30ms），采用多个保护算法进行接地判别，每个保护算法根据实际的电流特征，设置不同的加权值，最终计算所有保护算法的加权值总和，任何一种保护算法判定为有接地故障时，该保护算法的权重值有效，并于其他有效的权重值累加，超过预设值即判定为发生接地故障，多时窗是指将时间按照1ms的间隔依次划分为多个30ms时间平移窗口；
多个保护算法包括零序电流方向法、5次谐波法、有功分量法、负序电流法、首半波法、暂态能量法和Prony方法，零序电流方向法、5次谐波法、有功分量法、负序电流法、首半波法、暂态能量法和Prony方法获得的实际的电流特征加权值分别为20%、10%、10%、30%、20%和10%，不同接地故障实际发生的比例、不同接地故障的最佳识别方法；
其中，“虚假接地”判断方法为：多时窗多保护算法加权值低于设定值，判定为“虚假接地”；高阻接地判断方法为：多时窗多保护算法加权值高于等于设定值，判定为真实接地，真实接地包括高阻接地；
（3）采用GPS/北斗同步技术，将所有配电终端的时间同步，各配电终端基于无线技术和加密技术（SM1、SM2、SM3加密技术），将各自的带时间戳的故障信息上送至主站；
（4）主站设置的集成广域信息决策模块（主站具有网架的一次拓扑图，设置有各个配电终端的拓扑位置，根据各配电终端的故障信息来判断故障点位置）根据各配电终端的故障信息（故障跳闸、故障启动、故障电压、电流），判断故障点位置（同一电源侧最末端的故障跳闸或故障启动点为故障点），对故障区段定位并给出最优自愈决策方法，最优自愈决策方法为：故障点及故障点相邻的配电终端分闸、其余的配电终端合闸。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内，因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

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1.一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：
（1）将实际配网真实接地录波数据，通过FFT变换和WPD变换建立接地模型，分析故障机理并提取暂稳态故障特征；
（2）配电终端对线路的电压电流进行高速采样，并结合小波包变换的暂态保护，采用多时窗多保护算法加权综合接地故障检测，获得“虚假接地”和单相接地故障的辨识和高阻接地故障检测；
多时窗多保护算法加权综合的接地故障检测方法为：在同一个保护时窗内，采用多个保护算法进行接地判别，每个保护算法根据实际的电流特征，设置不同的加权值，最终计算所有保护算法的加权值总和，任何一种保护算法判定为有接地故障时，该保护算法的权重值有效，并于其他有效的权重值累加，超过预设值即判定为发生接地故障，多时窗是指将时间按照1ms的间隔依次划分为多个30ms时间平移窗口；
（3）采用GPS/北斗同步技术，将所有配电终端的时间同步，各配电终端基于无线技术和加密技术，将各自的带时间戳的故障信息上送至主站；
（4）主站设置的集成广域信息决策模块根据各配电终端的故障信息，判断故障点位置，对故障区段定位并给出最优自愈决策方法，最优自愈决策方法为：故障点及故障点相邻的配电终端分闸、其余的配电终端合闸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：实际配网真实接地包括架空线、电缆及混合式线路的金属性接地、高阻接地、电弧接地及发展性接地。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：分析故障机理的方法为：中性点不接地系统发生单相接地时，经故障相流入故障点的电流为正常时本电压等级每相对地中电容电流的3倍，故障相电压为零，中性点电压上升为相电压，非故障相电压上升为线电压；中性点经消弧线圈接地系统发生单相接地时，中性点对地电压升高为相电压，非故障相的对地电压升高为线电压，消弧线圈有效减小接地电流；中性点直接接地系统发生单相接地时，故障相电压等于中性点电位，非故障相电压基本不变，故障相电流增大。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：暂稳态故障特征包括接地时零序电压、零序电流、负序电压、负序电流和电流谐波的特征变化。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中高速采样的电压电流包括三相电压、三相电流、零序电压和零序电流。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：小波变换对高速采样的电压电流离散值，计算出实际的电压电流值。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中，“虚假接地”判断方法为：多时窗多保护算法加权值低于设定值，判定为“虚假接地”；高阻接地判断方法为：多时窗多保护算法加权值高于等于设定值，判定为真实接地，真实接地包括高阻接地。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种配电线路单相接地故障定位技术及自愈决策方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）中集成广域信息决策模块的实现方法为：主站具有网架的一次拓扑图，设置有各个配电终端的拓扑位置，根据各配电终端的故障信息来判断故障点位置。
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