CN111995252A - Red glaze and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Red glaze and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995252A CN111995252A CN202010954340.3A CN202010954340A CN111995252A CN 111995252 A CN111995252 A CN 111995252A CN 202010954340 A CN202010954340 A CN 202010954340A CN 111995252 A CN111995252 A CN 111995252A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric porcelain glaze materials, and particularly relates to a red glaze and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method of the red glaze comprises the following steps: (1) the following raw materials were prepared: potash feldspar, albite, ball clay, hard kaolin, calcined talc, limestone, quartz powder, barium carbonate and red chromophore; (2) ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9; (3) iron removal treatment; (4) and (5) ageing. After the prepared red glaze and the green body are formed into porcelain, the surface of the porcelain body is bright red, smooth and bright, fine and mild, and the requirements of customers on red electric porcelain can be well met. The red glaze of the scheme can be well combined with the body, after the porcelain is formed, a good intermediate layer can be generated between the glaze and the body, the performance of the porcelain can be greatly improved (the strength of the porcelain is improved by more than 22%), and the development of the red glaze achieves the design purpose and meets the process and industry standards of a company.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric porcelain glaze materials, and particularly relates to red glaze and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The surface of the electric porcelain is usually coated with electric porcelain glaze, wherein the electric porcelain glaze is glaze applied to the surface of a blank of the electric porcelain product, and the coating of the glaze can improve the electrical property, mechanical strength and chemical stability of the electric porcelain, and can make the surface of the porcelain smooth and beautiful and be convenient for cleaning. With the rapid development of electric power utilities, the voltage class is continuously improved, the voltage class is widely distributed between 110KV and 1000KV, and the types of correspondingly used high-voltage and ultrahigh-voltage electric porcelain are various, but various insulators are usually made of different types of electric porcelain blanks (high-grade blanks and low-grade blanks), the structural compositions of different electric porcelain products are different, especially the chemical compositions of the insulators are greatly different, and the requirements on the matching performance of glaze coated on the surfaces of the electric porcelain are higher and higher.
Brown glaze is the most common glaze on current electric porcelain, and most insulators are brown, so that the product has a single color, the requirements of different customers cannot be met, and the competitiveness of the company product is reduced. Glaze materials with other colors are available on the market at present, but the bonding property of the glaze materials and the electric porcelain blank body is poor, and the requirements of China on the indexes such as glazing strength, porcelain bending strength and insulator breakdown rate cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a red glaze and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing glaze product is single in color and cannot meet the requirements of customers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of red glaze comprises the following steps:
(1) the following raw materials were prepared: potash feldspar, albite, ball clay, hard kaolin, calcined talc, limestone, quartz powder, barium carbonate and red chromophore;
(2) ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9; the ball material comprises a ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, a ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and a ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm;
(3) iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the scheme are as follows:
1. the albite and the potassium feldspar are mainly used for introducing SiO into the formula2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O, formula K2O、Na2O is mainly provided by these two species. The two substances are used as strong flux in glaze, can reduce the melting temperature of glaze and can well dissolve other substancesThe glaze has wide melting temperature range, and can reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze and increase the brightness of the glaze. However, the addition of the two substances can reduce the chemical stability of the glaze to a certain extent and increase the expansion coefficient of the glaze. Barium carbonate mainly introduces BaO for the formulation, can improve the brightness after porcelain is formed to new formulation, improve the stability of the glaze; BaO also forms eutectic compounds with other metal oxides, can reduce the expansion coefficient and viscosity of the glaze and improve the high-temperature fluidity of the glaze. However, when the dosage of BaO is too much, the glazing strength can be reduced, and the glazing strength is ensured while the stability of the glaze is improved by reasonably controlling the dosage of barium carbonate. In the scheme, the Hunan high-potassium low-sodium feldspar, the Hunan high-sodium low-potassium feldspar and the barium carbonate are matched together, so that the prepared glaze has good comprehensive performance.
2. The ball clay has good binding force of about 5.0MPa, so that the formula has better glaze slip suspension performance. However, when the amount is too large, the thickness of the glaze layer is increased, and the glaze layer is liable to crack. The proportion of various raw materials is controlled by repeatedly adjusting the formula, so that the problem that a glaze layer is easy to crack is effectively avoided.
3. The quantitative calcined talc and limestone are matched, so that the elasticity of the formula can be obviously improved, the generation of a blank glaze intermediate layer is promoted, the bonding effect of the blank glaze is increased, and the hardness, stability, mechanical strength and thermal stability of the glaze are improved.
4. After the red glaze prepared by the scheme and the green body are formed into porcelain, the porcelain has smooth and bright surface, is fine and smooth, is bright red, and can well meet the requirements of customers on red electric porcelain. The red glaze can be well combined with the blank body, after the porcelain is formed, a good intermediate layer can be generated between the glaze and the blank body, the performance of the porcelain can be greatly improved (the strength of the porcelain is improved by more than 22%), the design purpose is achieved by grinding the red glaze, and the process and industry standards of a company can be well met.
Optionally, the ball material comprises 25-35% of ball material with specification of 20-35mm, 45-55% of ball material with specification of 45-65mm, and 15-25% of ball material with specification of 65-80 mm. The specification of ball materials and the proportion of the ball materials with different specifications are strictly controlled during ball milling, and the ball materials with different specifications are used for ball milling raw materials simultaneously, so that the ball milling effect is improved, the ball milling time can be effectively shortened, and the efficiency is improved.
Optionally, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is added in the ball milling process in the step (2) in an amount of 0.28-0.32% by weight of the raw materials. The addition of a certain amount of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in the ball milling process can play roles in deflocculation and dispersion, so that the ball milling effect is better.
Optionally, in the step (2), the ball mill used includes a ball milling tank and a primary milling tank located below the ball milling tank, a gear ring is arranged on the ball milling tank, a rotating shaft and a connecting shaft are rotatably connected in the primary milling tank, and a first gear located on one side of the ball milling tank and meshed with the gear ring is arranged on the rotating shaft; the connecting shaft is provided with a second gear which is positioned below the ball milling tank and is meshed with the gear ring; the rotating shaft is provided with a crushing roller positioned in the primary grinding tank, the crushing roller is provided with a plurality of first crushing convex strips, and the first crushing convex strips are distributed around the circumferential direction of the crushing roller; a plurality of second crushing convex strips are arranged on the ball milling tank, the second crushing convex strips are distributed around the circumference of the ball milling tank, and the second crushing strips can be positioned between the adjacent first crushing convex strips; a grinding roller positioned in the lower part of the primary grinding tank is arranged on the connecting shaft; the lower part of the primary grinding tank is provided with a sieve plate which is connected in the primary grinding tank in a sliding manner and can run through the two sides of the primary grinding tank, a connecting column which is positioned outside the primary grinding tank is arranged on the sieve plate, the surface of the ball grinding tank is provided with a cam groove which forms a closed loop, one end of the connecting column is clamped in the cam groove, and when the ball grinding tank rotates, the sieve plate can slide axially along the ball grinding tank under the action of the cam groove.
The effect of ball-milling can be influenced to the too big material particle diameter that sends into ball-milling jar, therefore the material is the coarse grinding earlier then the ball-milling, and current ball mill can only be used for the ball-milling, and the coarse grinding of material still need be with the help of other equipment. In this scheme, when needing to carry out the ball-milling to the raw materials, start the ball mill, the rotation of ball-milling jar, the ball-milling jar passes through ring gear, first gear, second gear drive crushing roller and grinding roll and rotates, and crushing roller, grinding roller and the equal opposite direction of rotation of ball-milling jar. In throwing into the primary grinding jar with the raw materials from the top of crushing roller one side earlier, the raw materials falls in the gap that the adjacent first broken sand grip of crushing roller formed or falls in the gap that the adjacent broken sand grip of second of ball-milling jar formed, and during crushing roller, ball-milling jar transported substance material, the material is finally further smashed under the extrusion effect of first broken sand grip, the broken sand grip of second, smashes into the raw materials that the particle diameter is littleer. The crushed raw materials fall on the sieve plate of the primary grinding tank, the grinding roller grinds the raw materials of the part, the particle size of the raw materials is further reduced, and when the particle size of the raw materials meets the requirement, the raw materials can be discharged out of the primary grinding tank through the sieve plate. In sending into the ball-milling jar through the material of corase grind jar corase grind, utilize the ball-milling jar to further grind the material, because the raw materials through the corase grind and controlled its particle diameter of sending into the ball-milling jar, the ball-milling jar can be with the shorter time with the particle diameter that the raw materials ball-milling needs, be favorable to improving the efficiency of ball-milling. When the ball-milling jar rotated, under the effect of cam groove, spliced pole, the axial reciprocating slide of ball-milling jar is followed to the sieve, and raw materials on the sieve moves along with the sieve, when grinding roller ground the raw materials, the sieve, grind the roller and apply not equidirectional effort to the raw materials, under the effort of the common application of force of sieve and grinding roller, compare in static raw materials, the raw materials of this scheme motion can be by more abundant effectual grinding, the effect of grinding is protected. In addition, the sieve plate slides in a reciprocating manner, so that raw materials blocked on the sieve plate can fall down more easily, and the situation that the raw materials cannot be discharged normally due to blockage of the sieve plate is avoided. When the jar is just ground the raw materials corase grind, the ball-milling roller can carry out the ball-milling to the raw materials in the ball-milling roller simultaneously, and the corase grind of raw materials, ball-milling all can go on simultaneously, effectively improve the efficiency of processing, and the corase grind of raw materials, ball-milling all go on same device in addition, and the raw materials after the corase grind can be more convenient is sent into in the ball-milling jar.
Optionally, the first crushing convex strip and the second crushing convex strip are both provided with crushing teeth. Broken tooth can increase the friction to a certain extent, block the material gliding, and the handing-over department of crushing roller and ball-milling jar is sent the material to the crushing roller of being more convenient for, ball-milling jar sets up the crushing material that broken tooth can be better simultaneously.
Optionally, the rotating shafts and the connecting shafts are provided with 3 rotating shafts, the 3 rotating shafts are located on one side of the ball milling roller, and the 3 connecting shafts are located below the ball milling roller. 3 rotating shafts are arranged to drive 3 crushing rollers to move, and the 3 crushing rollers can more comprehensively and fully crush materials, so that the crushed materials can be better ground; and 3 grinding rollers driven by the connecting shaft can grind the material for at most 3 times, so that the particle size of the ground material is ensured to meet the requirement.
Optionally, the both sides of sieve all are equipped with the location strip, and it has the spout to open on the inner wall of primary grinding jar, is equipped with the arch of sliding connection in the spout on the location strip. The sliding groove and the bulge have a guiding effect on the sieve plate, so that the movement of the sieve plate meets the actual requirement.
The scheme also provides a scheme, and the red glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28-32 parts of potash feldspar, 4-9 parts of albite, 4-8 parts of ball clay, 18-22 parts of hard kaolin, 9-14 parts of calcined talc, 5-9 parts of limestone, 21-25 parts of quartz powder, 1-3.5 parts of barium carbonate and 6-11 parts of red chromophore. When the raw materials of the red glaze are determined to be the parts, the produced red glaze is bright red, the requirements of customers on red electric porcelain can be well met, and the red glaze is well combined with a blank body to form a porcelain with a good porcelain effect.
Optionally, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 31 parts of potassium feldspar, 6 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 12 parts of calcined talc, 7 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 2 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of red chromophore. Long-term tests of the applicant show that when the raw materials of the red glaze are determined to be the parts, the produced red glaze has relatively good comprehensive performance.
Optionally, the following chemical components are included in percentage by mass: SiO 22 63-67％、AI2O3 14-16％、Fe2O3 2-4％、CaO 3-4％、MgO 3-4％、K2O 2.5-3.5％、Na21.2 to 2 percent of O, 0.8 to 2.35 percent of BaO and 5.5 to 7 percent of loss on ignition. The chemical composition and the amount of glaze have a crucial influence on the quality of the glaze, such as AI2O3Can influence glazing strength, the content of MgO and CaO influences the elasticity of the formula, and SiO2Can play a role of a skeleton and reduce the expansion coefficient of the glaze. The proposal reasonably controls the dosage of various chemical components, obviously improves the elasticity of the red glaze, promotes the generation of the intermediate layer of the blank glaze and is beneficial toThe glaze is firmly combined with the blank glaze, the mechanical strength and the thermal stability of the glaze are improved, the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze is reduced, and the glaze is in a good compressive stress state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a ball mill in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the grinding device comprises a ball milling tank 10, a gear ring 11, a second crushing convex strip 12, a primary grinding tank 20, a feeding channel 21, a sieve plate 30, a first gear 40, a rotating shaft 41, a second gear 50, a connecting shaft 51, a crushing roller 60, a first crushing convex strip 61, crushing teeth 62, a grinding roller 70, a positioning strip 80 and a protrusion 81.
The following description of the selected materials in the formulation and further details the present invention by way of specific embodiments:
1. potassium feldspar: selecting high-potassium low-sodium feldspar in Hunan province, and producing the feldspar in Hunan Yangxiang Hongfu Ming & Ming
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is black or light black powder material.
After firing: the black pigment is white molten block, is round and smooth, has a relatively smooth section, and is uniformly distributed with a small number of black dots.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 66.2 | 16.0 | 0.2 | / | 0.7 | 0.5 | 11.5 | 3.0 | 0.1 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
The high-potassium low-sodium feldspar powder in Hunan province is a processing material, and the particle size of less than or equal to 0.063mm is about 70%.
(4) Mechanical iron content
The high potassium and low sodium feldspar powder in Hunan province is processed, so the mechanical iron is about 0.01 percent.
2. Quartz powder: selecting Yichun quartz powder produced by Yichun Yifeng mining company Limited in Jiangxi
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is in the form of off-white or gray-black powder.
After firing: white or black-white powder, containing a small amount of black impurities.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 98.90 | / | 0.10 | / | / | / | 0.15 | / | / |
(3) Fineness of fineness
Yichun quartz powder is a natural superfine powdery material, and the grains with the grain diameter of more than or equal to 0.063mm are only about 3 percent.
(4) Mechanical iron content
Yichun quartz powder is a raw material with fineness not required to be processed, so that the mechanical iron of the Yichun quartz powder is very low and is about 0.001 percent.
3. Hard kaolin: produced in Shanxi Tianrui ceramic raw material processing factory
(2) Appearance quality
Before burning: a gray black powder.
After firing: white powder, not sintered.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 46.14 | 40.93 | 0.61 | / | / | / | 0.48 | 0.35 | 11.44 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
The hard kaolin is a processed powdery material, and the content of particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 0.063mm is about 12 percent.
(4) Binding force
The hard kaolin is plastic clay with a medium or low degree, the average binding force of the hard kaolin is about 0.5MPa, and the hard kaolin plays a great role in improving the suspension property of the slurry with the new formula.
(5) Mechanical iron content
The mechanical iron of Yunnan kaolin is very low, about 0.001 percent
4. Ball clay: dongsheng region of Erdos flag of inner Mongolia
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is in the shape of grey/grey black block, soft, fine and smooth.
After firing: it is in the form of grey/grey white block, and has no black spot on its surface and cross section, and can not be sintered.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 60.55 | 24.66 | 1.48 | 0.5 | 0.72 | 0.45 | 1.12 | 0.20 | 10.13 |
(3) Rate of hydration
Ball clay is a clay with a high hydration rate, with an average hydration rate of 95%.
(4) Binding force
The ball clay is high plasticity clay, and the bonding force is about 5.0MPa on average.
5. Limestone: chongqing limestone produced in Chongqing
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: a grey powder.
After firing: grey powder, not sintered.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 0 | 0 | 0.4 | / | 52.0 | 0.9 | / | / | 41.0 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
Chongqing limestone is a processed powdery material with more than or equal to about 23% of particles with the diameter of 0.063 mm.
(4) Mechanical iron content
The mechanical iron of the Chongqing limestone is very low, and is about 0.001 percent.
6. Calcined talc: produced in Guangxi province
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: it is in the form of white block.
After firing: it is in the form of white block.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 65.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | / | 0.9 | 33.0 | / | / | 0.01 |
7. Albite: selecting high-sodium low-potassium feldspar in Hunan province, and producing in Sanqiang processing factory in Linxiang city in Hunan province
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: is a grey white powdery material.
After firing: is in a gray fused block shape, has higher fusion degree than the Hunan high-potassium low-sodium feldspar, and is uniformly distributed with a small amount of black spots.
(2) Chemical analysis
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | Loss on ignition |
| ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ | ％ |
| 72.76 | 15.64 | 0.2 | / | 0.5 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 10.5 | 0.1 |
(3) Fineness of fineness
The high-sodium low-potassium feldspar powder in Hunan province is a processing material, and the particle size of less than or equal to 0.063mm is about 70%.
(4) Mechanical iron content
The raw material of the high-sodium low-potassium feldspar powder in Hunan province is processed, so that the mechanical iron of the feldspar powder is about 0.015 percent.
8. Barium carbonate: produced in Chonghua plant
(1) Appearance quality
Before burning: it is white powder.
After firing: it is white frit.
(2) Fineness of fineness
Barium carbonate is a superfine powder, and the particle size of the barium carbonate is more than or equal to 63 microns and is 0.
(3) Purity of
BaCO3≥95％。
9. Red chromophore: new pigment produced in Guangdong
(1) Appearance quality
Black powder.
(2) Fineness of fineness
Ultrafine powder with particle size of 63 μm or more being 0.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a preparation method of red glaze, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 31 parts of potassium feldspar, 6 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 12 parts of calcined talc, 7 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 2 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of red chromophore.
(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.5: 0.8. The ball material comprises 30 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 50 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 20 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.3% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.
(3) Iron removal treatment: and after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials.
(4) And (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
In the step (2), the used ball mill comprises a ball milling tank 10 and a primary milling tank 20 positioned below the ball milling tank 10, and the section of the primary milling tank 20 is arc-shaped and distributed around the lower part of the ball milling tank 10. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the milling pot 10 penetrates the left and right sides of the primary milling pot 20, and the primary milling pot 20 has a length shorter than that of the milling pot 10.
The welding has the ring gear 11 that is located outside the jar 20 of just grinding on ball-milling jar 10, all rotates in jar 20 of just grinding and is connected with pivot 41 and connecting axle 51, and pivot 41 and connecting axle 51 all are equipped with 3, and outside jar 20 was all stretched out to one side of pivot 41 and connecting axle 51, the welding has first gear 40 in the pivot 41, and first gear 40 is located one side of ball-milling jar 10 and meshes with ring gear 11. A second gear 50 is welded on the connecting shaft 51, and the second gear 50 is positioned below the ball milling pot 10 and is connected with the gear ring 11. The rotating shaft 41 is welded with a crushing roller 60 positioned in the primary grinding tank 20, the crushing roller 60 is welded with a plurality of first crushing convex strips 61, and the first crushing convex strips 61 are distributed around the circumferential direction of the crushing roller 60. The last welding of ball-milling jar 10 has many broken sand grips 12 of second, and the broken sand grip 12 of second distributes around the circumference of ball-milling jar 10, and the broken strip of second can be located between the adjacent broken sand grip 61 of first, can form the recess between the adjacent broken sand grip 61, and the broken sand grip 12 of every second can stretch into in the different recess. Homogeneous body shaping has a plurality of broken teeth 62 on first broken sand grip 61 and the broken sand grip 12 of second, sets up the crushing material that broken tooth 62 can be better. The connecting shaft 51 is welded with a grinding roller 70 positioned in the primary grinding tank 20, the grinding roller 70 is positioned below the coarse grinding tank, and the grinding roller 70 can grind materials on the bottom of the primary grinding tank 20. In this embodiment, 3 spindles 41 and 3 connecting shafts 51 are provided, 3 spindles 41 are located on one side of the ball grinding roller, and 3 connecting shafts 51 are located below the ball grinding roller. Be connected with feedstock channel 21 on the lateral wall of jar 20 that just grinds, feedstock channel 21 is located the top of crushing roller 60, when sending into the material toward jar 20 that just grinds through feedstock channel 21, the material can drop on crushing roller 60 earlier, then sends into the gap between crushing roller 60 and the ball-milling jar 10 by crushing roller 60.
The lower part of the primary grinding tank 20 is provided with a sieve plate 30 which is connected in the primary grinding tank 20 in a sliding manner and can run through the two sides of the primary grinding tank 20, a plurality of sieve holes are formed in the sieve plate 30, and materials with the particle size meeting the requirements can be discharged through the sieve holes to the primary grinding tank 20. The left side and the right side of the sieve plate 30 are welded with positioning strips 80, the inner wall of the primary grinding tank 20 is provided with two sliding grooves, the positioning strips 80 are fixed with bulges 81, and convex blocks on different positioning strips 80 are connected in different sliding grooves in a sliding manner. The arrangement of the sliding groove and the protrusion 81 has a guiding function on the sieve plate 30, so that the movement of the sieve plate 30 meets the actual requirement. The welding has the spliced pole that is located the jar 20 outer that grinds just on the sieve 30, and the cam groove that forms the closed loop is seted up on the surface of ball-milling jar 10, and the one end block of spliced pole is in the cam groove, and when ball-milling jar 10 rotated, under the effect of cam groove, sieve 30 can follow the reciprocal slip of axial of ball-milling jar 10.
When the red glaze of the scheme is used, glazing and firing operations are carried out.
The glazing method comprises the following specific steps:
1) before glazing, the sponge is dipped in water to lightly smear the sponge on the surface of the blank, so as to remove dust on the surface of the blank, and meanwhile, the blank is supplemented with certain moisture, so that the blank is prevented from excessively absorbing the moisture in the glaze slip to influence glazing.
2) Glazing by adopting a glaze dipping method, fully stirring the standby glaze slip to ensure the standby glaze slip to be uniform, then applying paraffin with the length of about 20mm to one end of the blank (the glaze separation effect), holding the other end by a hand, dipping the other end into the glaze slip for 5-8S, continuously rotating the blank, taking the glazed blank out of the glaze slip, and then inversely rotating the blank until the glaze slip does not flow. This is beneficial to expelling bubbles and also prevents the thickness of the glaze layer from being uneven.
3) And drying the glazed blank at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for about 4-5h for later use.
The firing method comprises the following specific steps:
1) and (3) kiln loading: brushing a layer of adhesive powder on a shed plate of a production kiln, and then flatly mounting 10 unglazed green body test strips serving as comparison samples on the shed plate; preparing two processed refractory bricks (note: each refractory brick is drilled with 10 holes with the diameter of about 22mm and the depth of about 24mm by a drilling machine, wherein the 10 holes are uniformly distributed), and vertically inserting a glazing test strip into the holes of the refractory bricks for burning.
2) And (3) firing: the sintering temperature of the blank is within the range of the sintering temperature of the blank, and the maximum sintering temperature is 1250-.
The embodiment also discloses a red glaze which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 31 parts of potassium feldspar, 6 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 12 parts of calcined talc, 7 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 2 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of red chromophore.
The red glaze in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components:
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | BaO | LL |
| 64.7％ | 14.6％ | 2.8％ | 3.3％ | 3.5％ | 2.7％ | 1.4％ | 1.3％ | 5.7％ |
example two
In this embodiment, a preparation method of red glaze includes the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potassium feldspar, 5 parts of albite, 5 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 10 parts of calcined talc, 6 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 1.2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of red chromophore.
(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9. The ball material comprises 25 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 52 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 23 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.3% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.
(3) Iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
The embodiment discloses a red glaze which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potassium feldspar, 5 parts of albite, 5 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 10 parts of calcined talc, 6 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 1.2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of red chromophore.
The red glaze in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components:
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | BaO | LL |
| 64.8％ | 14.7％ | 2.4％ | 3.2％ | 3.4％ | 2.8％ | 1.3％ | 1％ | 6.4％ |
EXAMPLE III
The preparation method of the red glaze comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28 parts of potassium feldspar, 5 parts of albite, 5 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 10 parts of calcined talc, 6 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 1.2 parts of barium carbonate and 7 parts of red chromophore.
(2) Ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9. The ball material comprises 32 percent of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 46 percent of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 22 percent of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose in an amount of 0.32% by weight of the raw materials is added during the ball milling process. The fineness of the raw materials after ball milling is controlled to be 0.06-0.3% of the residue of a 360-mesh sieve.
(3) Iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
The embodiment discloses a red glaze which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 31 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of albite, 7 parts of ball clay, 21 parts of hard kaolin, 13 parts of calcined talc, 8 parts of limestone, 24 parts of quartz powder, 3 parts of barium carbonate and 9 parts of red chromophore.
The red glaze in the embodiment comprises the following chemical components:
| SiO2 | AI2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | BaO | LL |
| 64.3％ | 14.2％ | 3.0％ | 3.2％ | 3.3％ | 2.6％ | 1.3％ | 2.1％ | 6％ |
the red glazes of examples 1 to 3 were tested and the data obtained are shown in tables 1 to 4:
table 1: red glaze performance
Table 2: high temperature fluidity of red glaze
Table 3.1: porcelain bending strength (Red glaze upper low grade body)
(note: porcelain bending strength means the strength of a low-grade blank before red glaze is applied, glazing strength means the strength of a low-grade blank after red glaze is applied, and porcelain bending strength improvement means the improvement rate of the strength of the low-grade blank after glazing.)
Table 3.2: porcelain bending strength (high grade body on red glaze)
(note: porcelain bending strength means the strength of a high-grade body before red glaze is applied, glazing strength means the strength of a high-grade body after red glaze is applied, and porcelain bending strength improvement means the improvement rate of the strength of the high-grade body after glazing.)
Table 4: appearance quality (insulator red glaze fired appearance)
Pilot testing of the red glazes of examples 1-3 (testing of red glazed insulators) resulted in data as shown in tables 5, 6:
table 5: breakdown Rate (%) of the product
(specification: the qualified requirement of the product: the breakdown rate is less than or equal to 3.0%)
Table 6: mechanical and electrical breakdown strength (MPa)
The technical index requirements of red glaze are as follows, and the performance of glaze slip is as follows: the fluidity is 0.29 plus or minus 0.05, and the relative viscosity is 3.4 plus or minus 0.5; high-temperature fluidity of glaze: 48 ± 4 (mm); appearance quality: the glaze color is fine, smooth and bright and is bright red; the ceramic bending strength is improved: the bending strength of the glazed porcelain is improved by more than 20 percent compared with that of the unglazed porcelain. As is obvious from the data of the embodiments 1-3, the technical indexes of the red glaze used in the scheme meet the requirements, the red glaze can be well matched with low-grade and high-grade blanks, the breakdown rate of the product can be controlled within 3%, the performance is excellent, and the market requirements can be better met.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of red glaze is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the following raw materials were prepared: potash feldspar, albite, ball clay, hard kaolin, calcined talc, limestone, quartz powder, barium carbonate and red chromophore;
(2) ball milling: ball-milling the raw materials by using a ball mill; raw materials in the ball mill: ball material: the mass ratio of water is 1: 2.4-2.6: 0.7-0.9; the ball material comprises a ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, a ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and a ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm;
(3) iron removal treatment: after the ball milling is finished, carrying out iron removal treatment on the raw materials;
(4) and (3) staling: and (4) ageing the raw materials treated in the step (3) for 4-5 hours for later use.
2. The method for preparing red glaze according to claim 1, wherein: the ball material comprises 25-35% of ball material with the specification of 20-35mm, 45-55% of ball material with the specification of 45-65mm and 15-25% of ball material with the specification of 65-80 mm.
3. The method for preparing red glaze according to claim 2, wherein: and (3) adding sodium carboxymethylcellulose accounting for 0.28-0.32% of the weight of the raw materials in the ball milling process in the step (2).
4. A method for preparing a red glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step (2), the used ball mill comprises a ball milling tank and a primary milling tank positioned below the ball milling tank, wherein the ball milling tank is provided with a gear ring, a rotating shaft and a connecting shaft are rotatably connected in the primary milling tank, and the rotating shaft is provided with a first gear which is positioned on one side of the ball milling tank and is meshed with the gear ring; the connecting shaft is provided with a second gear which is positioned below the ball milling tank and is meshed with the gear ring; the rotating shaft is provided with a crushing roller positioned in the primary grinding tank, the crushing roller is provided with a plurality of first crushing convex strips, and the first crushing convex strips are distributed around the circumferential direction of the crushing roller; a plurality of second crushing convex strips are arranged on the ball milling tank, the second crushing convex strips are distributed around the circumference of the ball milling tank, and the second crushing strips can be positioned between the adjacent first crushing convex strips; a grinding roller positioned in the lower part of the primary grinding tank is arranged on the connecting shaft; the lower part of the primary grinding tank is provided with a sieve plate which is connected in the primary grinding tank in a sliding manner and can run through the two sides of the primary grinding tank, a connecting column which is positioned outside the primary grinding tank is arranged on the sieve plate, the surface of the ball grinding tank is provided with a cam groove which forms a closed loop, one end of the connecting column is clamped in the cam groove, and when the ball grinding tank rotates, the sieve plate can slide axially along the ball grinding tank under the action of the cam groove.
5. The method for preparing red glaze according to claim 4, wherein: broken tooth all is equipped with on first broken sand grip and the broken sand grip of second.
6. The method for preparing red glaze according to claim 5, wherein: the rotating shafts and the connecting shafts are provided with 3 rotating shafts, the 3 rotating shafts are located on one side of the ball grinding roller, and the 3 connecting shafts are located below the ball grinding roller.
7. The method for preparing red glaze according to claim 6, wherein: both sides of the sieve plate are provided with positioning strips, the inner wall of the primary grinding tank is provided with a sliding groove, and the positioning strips are provided with bulges which are connected in the sliding groove in a sliding manner.
8. A red glaze prepared according to the process of claim 1, wherein: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 28-32 parts of potash feldspar, 4-9 parts of albite, 4-8 parts of ball clay, 18-22 parts of hard kaolin, 9-14 parts of calcined talc, 5-9 parts of limestone, 21-25 parts of quartz powder, 1-3.5 parts of barium carbonate and 6-11 parts of red chromophore.
9. A red glaze according to claim 8, wherein: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 31 parts of potassium feldspar, 6 parts of albite, 6 parts of ball clay, 19 parts of hard kaolin, 12 parts of calcined talc, 7 parts of limestone, 22 parts of quartz powder, 2 parts of barium carbonate and 8 parts of red chromophore.
10. A red glaze according to claim 8, wherein: the paint comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: SiO 22 63-67％、AI2O3 14-16％、Fe2O3 2-4％、CaO 3-4％、MgO 3-4％、K2O 2.5-3.5％、Na21.2 to 2 percent of O, 0.8 to 2.35 percent of BaO and 5.5 to 7 percent of loss on ignition.
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