CN111993270A - Nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect - Google Patents
Nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN111993270A CN111993270A CN202010970004.8A CN202010970004A CN111993270A CN 111993270 A CN111993270 A CN 111993270A CN 202010970004 A CN202010970004 A CN 202010970004A CN 111993270 A CN111993270 A CN 111993270A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
- B24B55/03—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant designed as a complete equipment for feeding or clarifying coolant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on a shock wave cavitation effect, which is used for solving the problem that grinding fluid is influenced by an air barrier layer and is difficult to enter a grinding core area. The device specifically comprises a control system, an acceleration module, a shock wave acceleration module, a processing module and a recovery module. Wherein the control system controls the operation of the device; the accelerating module consists of an accelerating tube, a small-size Laval tube and the like, and can enable the nanoparticles to obtain initial speed; the shock wave acceleration module consisting of an electromagnetic coil, an impact head, an impact ball, a wave collector, a large-Czochralski tube and the like generates two wave sources, one wave source is used for cleaning impurities on the surface of the grinding wheel, and the other wave source is used for impacting nano particles with initial speed to the surface of the grinding wheel to form a nano layer; in the processing process, nano particles of the nano layer are automatically released in the grinding core area, so that self-lubricating cooling in the grinding area is realized; the recovery module is used for recovering the nano particles to realize the recycling of the nano particles. This device has not only strengthened lubricated cooling effect, accords with green development theory moreover.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lubrication and cooling in grinding processing, in particular to a nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on a shock wave cavitation effect.
Background
The grinding machining is widely applied to the current machining industry due to the characteristics of high machining precision, strong adaptability to workpiece materials and the like, but the energy consumed by removing materials in unit volume by the grinding machining is far greater than that of other common machining forms, and nearly 90% of the consumed energy is gathered in a grinding area in a grinding heat form, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure condition of the grinding area can be caused, the service life of a grinding tool is further influenced, and the surface precision of a workpiece is reduced.
The traditional casting type lubrication adopts a method of continuously irrigating a large amount of grinding fluid to a grinding area for cooling and lubrication, the grinding fluid has excellent characteristics and is lubricated to form an oil film on the surface of a workpiece, and the friction coefficient and the grinding force between a grinding wheel and the workpiece are reduced. Meanwhile, the grinding wheel rotates at a high speed to drive surrounding air to move, so that a compact air barrier layer is formed around the grinding wheel, grinding fluid sprayed from the nozzle is difficult to enter a grinding area, and the actual effective flow of the grinding fluid is only 5% -40% of the total flow of the nozzle. The grinding fluid can not enter the contact interface of the grinding wheel and the workpiece, so that the surface of the workpiece in the contact area is easy to generate heat damage, and the precision of the workpiece is further influenced.
The self-performance of the nano-particles endows the nano-particles with excellent thermal conductivity, and the surface area and the heat capacity of the nano-particles are far larger than those of millimeter-sized or micron-sized solid particles under the condition of the same volume content. In the grinding process, the heat exchange performance of the grinding fluid is improved by adding the nano particles, and the nano particles play roles in strengthening heat exchange and reducing the temperature of a grinding area; in addition, the nano particles also have excellent antifriction and wear-resistant characteristics and higher bearing capacity, so that the tribological performance of the lubricating liquid can be further improved.
The invention discloses an electrostatic nozzle and a controllable jet flow minimal quantity lubrication grinding method and device, and the invention is characterized in that the electrostatic nozzle is designed into various types and used for accelerating the minimal quantity injection of grinding cooling liquid containing nano particles to a grinding area, and the cooling and lubrication effects of the grinding area are improved to a certain extent. However, the following problems still exist in the technical scheme: in actual grinding processing, because of the obstruction of an air barrier layer on the surface of a grinding wheel and the sealing property of a grinding area, at present, liquid drops containing nano-particles are difficult to be fully and effectively injected into the core part of the grinding area, and the problem of instant response lubrication of the nano-particles in the grinding area cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on a shock wave cavitation effect, which is used for solving the problems that grinding fluid is difficult to enter a grinding core area due to the influence of an air barrier layer in the grinding process of a grinding wheel, and contained nano-particles cannot respond to lubrication in real time in a grinding area. The basic principle is as follows: the nano particles are accelerated to impact the surface of the grinding wheel by using shock waves to form a nano layer, when the surface of the grinding wheel with the nano layer rotates to be in contact with a workpiece, the nano particles of the nano layer are released at the core part of a grinding area due to mechanical actions of sliding, collision, extrusion and the like in grinding processing, and self-lubricating cooling in the grinding area is realized.
In order to realize the purpose, the utility model provides a nanolayer lubricates diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect which characterized in that: the device comprises a control system, an acceleration module, a shock wave acceleration module, a processing module and a recovery module;
the control system is used for controlling the operation of the whole device;
the accelerating module comprises an air pump, an air storage tank, an air pressure regulating valve, an accelerating tube, a detachable closed powder feeding box, a powder feeding switch, a small Laval tube, an airflow valve, an air pressure inductive switch and a movable switch;
the air pump and the air storage tank provide required compressed air;
the accelerating tube is divided into a movable cavity, a high-pressure cavity and a low-pressure cavity; the accelerating tube is hermetically connected with the small Laval tube and the detachable sealed powder feeding box flange;
the air pressure regulating valve, the air pressure inductive switch, the airflow valve, the powder feeding switch and the movable switch are opened and closed in a certain sequence, and the air pressure required by each chamber is controlled in a combined manner so as to generate shock waves to push the nano particles to move forwards; when the nano particles enter the low-pressure cavity from the detachable closed powder feeding box, the air pressure regulating valve is opened, the shock wave generated in the accelerating tube pushes the nano particles to move forwards, and the nano particles are accelerated by the Laval effect of the small Laval tube to obtain the initial speed;
the shock wave acceleration module comprises a shock head, an electromagnetic coil, a radiator, a shock ball, a temperature sensor, a wave collector and a large-Czochralski tube; the electromagnetic coil is externally connected with a bipolar high-voltage pulse current and is distributed on the outer side of a semicircular pipeline in a surrounding manner; the impact ball moves back and forth in the pipeline to impact heads at two ends to generate high-frequency ballistic impact waves, and the impact ball is preferably made of soft magnetic materials; the radiator is distributed on the periphery of the electromagnetic coil and the impact head, and the temperature sensor is arranged on the radiator and used for detecting temperature and transmitting temperature signals; the wave collector is arranged right below the impact head; the large Laval tubes are respectively distributed below the impact heads at the two ends, and the generated Laval effect plays an accelerating role on the nano particles;
the processing module comprises a grinding wheel, a workpiece and a workpiece fixing plate; the workpiece fixing plate is fixedly placed on a grinding machine workbench; the workpiece is fixedly placed on the workpiece fixing plate; the grinding wheel is positioned above the workpiece and is fixed on a rotating main shaft of the grinding machine;
the recovery module comprises a coarse vibration filter net film, a fine vibration filter net film, an electromagnet block, a recovery box and an external magnetic field; the coarse vibration filter net film is arranged above the fine vibration filter net film, and an electromagnet block, a recovery box and an external magnetic field are sequentially arranged below the fine vibration filter net film; the outer side of the electromagnet block is provided with a smooth inclined flow channel, after the electromagnet block is electrified and magnetized, the nano particles are adsorbed on the flow channel wall, and after the electromagnet block is powered off, the nano particles can smoothly fall off under the influence of an external magnetic field; an automatic switch is arranged in a recovery box cover in the recovery box and controls the opening and closing of the box cover; the automatic switch is connected with the electromagnet block, and is closed when the electromagnet block is powered on for working, and is opened when the electromagnet block is powered off.
Further, the control system includes: the device comprises a work master controller, a current controller, a temperature controller and a pressure controller;
the work master controller is connected with the control current controller, the temperature controller and the pressure controller, and the current controller is connected with the control electromagnetic coil and the electromagnet block;
the temperature controller is connected with the control radiator and the temperature sensor;
the pressure controller is connected with and controls the air pressure detector, the air pressure regulating valve, the airflow valve, the air pressure inductive switch, the powder feeding switch and the movable switch.
Furthermore, the grinding wheel is a diamond grinding wheel without a metal binding agent, and the metal binding agent is a bronze binding agent; the surface of the grinding wheel is a bronze bonding agent layer; the nano particles are metal nano particles, namely iron sesquioxide magnetic nano particles, and the size of the nano particles is 50 nm-100 nm.
Furthermore, the small-size Laval pipe in the acceleration module is welded on the large-size Laval pipe in the shock wave acceleration module, the diameter of the nozzle of the small-size Laval pipe is 2mm, and the diameter of the nozzle of the large-size Laval pipe is 20 mm; the shock wave acceleration module is located right above the processing module, the distance from the nozzle part at the front end of the large-Czochralski tube to the surface of the grinding wheel is 10-15 mm, and the recovery module is located below the processing module.
Furthermore, an air inlet pipe in the acceleration module is fixed on the acceleration pipe, one end of the spring is fixed on the air inlet pipe, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the push plate; the spring is an extension spring; the push plate is an annular thin plate.
Furthermore, the gas in the gas storage tank in the acceleration module enters a movable cavity in the acceleration tube to push the push plate to compress the gas in the high-pressure cavity, and when the compressed gas in the high-pressure cavity enters the low-pressure cavity, shock waves are generated; the accelerating tube structure is of a streamline tightening type and has an effect of enhancing the generated shock waves.
Furthermore, in the elastic limit, the deformation of the spring is matched with the opening and closing of the air pressure regulating valve, the air pressure inductive switch, the airflow valve, the powder feeding switch and the movable switch to generate pulse shock waves, so that the nano particles are pushed to move forwards in an accelerated manner at high frequency; the pressure sensor is arranged in the air pressure inductive switch and is instantly opened when the air pressure of the high-pressure cavity is sensed to meet the set requirement.
Furthermore, the upper end of the detachable closed powder feeding box is connected with a movable cavity in the accelerating tube through an air duct, and an airflow valve is arranged on the air duct; the lower end of the powder feeding pipeline is of a venturi structure.
Furthermore, the outer side of the semicircular pipeline in the shock wave acceleration module is provided with an electromagnetic coil, a shock ball is arranged in the pipeline, two shock heads are arranged at two ends of the pipeline respectively, and when the electromagnetic coil is externally connected with a bipolar high-voltage pulse current to generate bidirectional electromagnetic force to act on the shock ball, the shock heads at the two ends are impacted in a reciprocating mode to generate two high-frequency ballistic shock wave sources.
Further, when the low-intensity high-frequency shock wave directly impacts the surface of the grinding wheel, a cavitation effect is generated and is used for cleaning impurities on the surface of the grinding wheel; meanwhile, when the energy of the shock wave is transmitted inwards, the coarse grains on the surface of the grinding wheel are initially refined; when the high-strength high-frequency shock wave impacts the nano particles, a cavitation effect is generated, and the agglomeration phenomenon of the nano particles is inhibited.
Further, when the nanoparticles with higher initial velocity enter the DALAVAL tube after being accelerated by the shock wave, the nanoparticles are accelerated continuously along the axial direction of the DALAVAL tube under the continuous impact action of the high-strength high-frequency shock wave until the nanoparticles impact the surface of the grinding wheel at the highest velocity to form a nano layer; the thickness of the nano layer is 5-15 μm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. this device directly forms one deck nanolayer with the even embedding emery wheel surface of nanoparticle with the help of shock wave, is equivalent to from the inside release nanoparticle of emery wheel to workpiece machining surface, has greatly improved the regional inside lubricated cooling effect of grinding core, reduces grinding specific energy by a wide margin, has reduced the extravagant use of a large amount of grinding fluids simultaneously, accords with the energy-concerving and environment-protective requirement that the industrial field advocated. The nano particles which are not embedded into the surface of the grinding wheel and released after grinding are recycled by the recycling module.
2. The impact ball in the device impacts the left impact head and the right impact head to generate double impact wave sources, wherein one impact wave source pushes nano particles to impact the surface of the grinding wheel in an accelerating mode, and the other impact wave source is used for cleaning impurities such as abrasive dust on the surface of the grinding wheel, so that the influence of the abrasive dust on the grinding performance is reduced, and meanwhile, a favorable environment is provided for the formation of the rear nano layer.
3. The surface of the grinding wheel after being treated by the device has small deformation, does not generate defects such as corrosion, cracks and the like on the surface of the grinding wheel, does not carbonize diamond abrasive particles, and does not change the structure and the use of the grinding wheel.
4. The device has high efficiency, high nano layer forming speed, low cost and capability of realizing automation and meeting the requirement of industrial production.
5. When the energy of the shock wave is transmitted inwards, the structural structure of the surface of the grinding wheel is changed, so that the coarse grains of the grinding wheel binding agent are initially refined, favorable conditions are provided for improving the binding performance between the surface of the grinding wheel and the nano layer, and the formed nano layer is not influenced.
6. On the basis of initial refinement of the high-frequency low-intensity shock waves, the high-frequency high-intensity shock waves further refine the grains of the grinding wheel binder, so that the grains of the grinding wheel binder are finally converted into nano grains from micron to submicron, and the degree of combination of nano particles and the surface of the grinding wheel is further enhanced.
7. The binding performance of the nano layer formed later is greatly improved under the impact modification action of high-frequency low-strength impact waves, the nano layer cannot fall off from a large block on the surface of the grinding wheel in the rotating process of the grinding wheel, the phenomenon that the whole nano layer is peeled off cannot occur, and the nano layer formed by deposition can be automatically supplied and released with nano particles only under the strong mechanical sliding, collision and extrusion action of a grinding arc area.
8. The invention is characterized in that the gas in a high-pressure cavity flows into a low-pressure cavity when a gas pressure induction switch valve in an accelerating tube is opened, and an enhanced shock wave moving at an ultrasonic speed is generated due to the streamline tightening type structural design of the accelerating tube, the gas flow after the shock wave also moves at a high speed, and the nano particles obtain a larger initial speed by the movement of the gas flow and are accelerated and sprayed out by a small Laval tube; meanwhile, under the action of bidirectional electromagnetic force, the impact ball continuously reciprocates to impact the impact head to generate high-frequency impact waves, and the high-frequency impact waves are collected by the wave collector to form high-strength impact waves; the high-frequency and high-strength shock waves generate strong thrust on the nano particles to enable the nano particles to move downwards at the speed of multiple sound velocity, the nano particles are continuously accelerated along with the continuous propagation of the shock waves in the air, and meanwhile, the nano particles are impacted on the surface of the grinding wheel at the highest speed and are embedded into the surface of the grinding wheel to form a nano layer due to the fact that the speed of the nano particles is faster and faster under the influence of the Laval effect; when the nano layer is contacted with a workpiece, nano particles are automatically released in the grinding area, so that the lubrication mode of the grinding area is changed from the outside to the inside; the dropped nano-particles are recycled and reused through the recycling module.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of nano-particles forming a nano-layer on the surface of a grinding wheel.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of releasing nanoparticles from the nanolayer inside the grinding zone;
FIG. 4 is a partial block diagram of an acceleration module;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a shock wave acceleration module.
Wherein, 1, a work master controller, 2, a current controller, 3, a temperature controller, 4, a pressure controller, 5, an air pump, 6, an air duct, 7, an air pressure detector, 8, an air storage tank, 9, an air pressure regulating valve, 10, an accelerating tube, 11, nano particles, 12, an impact head, 13, an electromagnetic coil, 14, a radiator, 15, a ceramic insulator, 16, an impact ball, 17, a temperature sensor, 18, a wave condenser, 19, a large Laval tube, 20, a grinding wheel, 21, a workpiece, 22, a workpiece fixing plate, 23, a coarse vibration filter net film, 24, a fine vibration filter net film, 25, an electromagnet block, 26, a recovery box cover, 27, a recovery box, 28, an external magnetic field, 29, a small Laval tube, 30, a movable switch, 31, a low pressure cavity, 32, an air pressure inductive switch, 33, a high pressure cavity, 34, 35, a movable cavity, 36, an air inlet pipe 37 and a spring, 38. an airflow valve, 39, a detachable sealed powder feeding box, 40, a powder feeding switch, 41, a nano layer, 42, diamond abrasive particles and 43, a grinding wheel bronze binding agent layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, this embodiment provides a nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on a shock wave cavitation effect, which substantially accelerates nano-particles by using shock waves generated by shock of a shock ball to form a nano-layer on a metal bond layer on the surface of a grinding wheel, releases the nano-particles when the nano-layer rotates to contact with a workpiece, and performs a lubrication cooling function inside a grinding area to realize the conversion of a grinding lubrication mode from the outside to the inside, thereby improving the grinding quality. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a method for cleaning impurities such as abrasive dust on the surface of the grinding wheel by using shock waves and recovering nano particles, so that the cost is reduced, and the quality of grinding processing is improved.
The device comprises: the device comprises a control system, an acceleration module, a shock wave acceleration module, a processing module and a recovery module. The control system includes: the device comprises a work master controller 1, a current controller 2, a temperature controller 3 and a pressure controller 4; the acceleration module includes: the device comprises an air pump 5, an air duct 6, an air pressure detector 7, an air storage tank 8, an air pressure regulating valve 9, an accelerating tube 10, a small Laval tube 29, a movable switch 30, an air pressure inductive switch 32, a push plate 34, an air inlet tube 36, a spring 37, an air flow valve 38, a detachable closed powder feeding box 39 and a powder feeding switch 40; the shock wave acceleration module includes: the device comprises an impact head 12, an electromagnetic coil 13, a radiator 14, a ceramic insulator 15, an impact ball 16, a temperature sensor 17, a wave condenser 18 and a DALAVAL tube 19; the processing module includes: a grinding wheel 20, a workpiece 21 and a workpiece fixing plate 22; the recovery module includes: coarse vibration filter net film 23, fine vibration filter net film 24, electromagnet block 25, recovery box 27 and external magnetic field 28.
The control system is connected with the control acceleration module, the shock wave acceleration module and the recovery module, and specifically comprises: the work master controller 1 is connected with the control current controller 2, the temperature controller 3 and the pressure controller 4; the current controller 2 is connected with the electromagnetic coil 13 and the electromagnet block 25, and controls the generation of the magnetic field by electrifying; the temperature controller 3 is connected with the radiator 14 and the temperature sensor 17, detects the temperature through the temperature sensor 17, and then controls the working frequency of the radiator 14; the pressure controller 4 is connected with the air pressure detector 7, and after the air pressure detector 7 detects that the air pressure of the air storage tank 8 meets the requirement, the pressure controller 4 controls the opening and closing of the air pressure regulating valve 9, the air pressure inductive switch 32, the airflow valve 38, the powder feeding switch 40 and the movable switch 30 to control the air pressure required by each chamber; the control system is used for controlling the whole device to operate, so that the device is automated.
As shown in fig. 4, in the acceleration module, the air pump 5 is connected with the air storage tank 8, and the air storage tank 8 is connected with the acceleration tube 10 through the air duct 6 for ventilation, the air duct 6 of the air pump 5 and the air storage tank 8 are provided with an air pressure detector 7, and the air duct 6 of the air storage tank 8 and the acceleration tube 10 is provided with an air pressure regulating valve 9; the accelerating tube 10 is divided into a movable cavity 35, a high-pressure cavity 33 and a low-pressure cavity 31, wherein the movable cavity 35 and the high-pressure cavity 33 are distinguished by a movable push plate 34, the high-pressure cavity 33 and the low-pressure cavity 31 are separated by a pressure sensing switch 32, and the low-pressure cavity 31 and the small Laval tube 29 are separated by a movable switch 30; the upper end of the tail of the low-pressure cavity 31 is hermetically connected with a detachable airtight powder feeding box 39, and a powder feeding switch 40 is arranged at the joint; the small Laval pipe 29 is in flange sealing connection with the accelerating pipe 10, and the diameters of pipe openings at the connection part of the two pipes are consistent; the upper end of the detachable closed powder feeding box 39 is connected with the movable cavity 35 in the accelerating tube 10 through the air duct 6, the air flow valve 38 is arranged on the air duct 6, the powder feeding pipeline at the lower end of the air duct is of a venturi structure, so that the nano particles 11 can fall down in an accelerating way, and the blockage phenomenon is not easy to occur after long-term use; the air pressure regulating valve 9, the air pressure sensing switch 32, the air flow valve 38, the powder feeding switch 40 and the movable switch 30 are connected with the pressure controller 4 and are opened and closed in a certain sequence to generate the required shock wave.
When the nano particles 11 enter the low-pressure cavity 31 from the detachable closed powder feeding box 39, the air pressure regulating valve 9 is opened, the shock waves generated in the accelerating tube 10 push the nano particles to move forwards, and the nano particles enter the large-size Laval tube 19 at a higher speed through the Laval effect acceleration of the small-size Laval tube 29; in the elastic limit, the deformation of the spring 37 is matched with the opening and closing of the air pressure regulating valve 9, the air pressure sensing switch 32, the air flow valve 38, the powder feeding switch 40 and the movable switch 30 to generate pulse shock waves, so that the nano particles are pushed to move forwards at an ultrasonic speed at a high frequency.
The small venlafel tube 29 in the acceleration module is welded to the large venlafel tube 19 in the shock wave acceleration module.
As shown in fig. 5, in the shock wave acceleration module, an electromagnetic coil 13 circumferentially distributed outside a semicircular pipeline is externally connected with a bipolar high-voltage pulse current, and a bidirectional electromagnetic force is generated to push an impact ball 16 to move back and forth in the pipeline to impact an impact head 12 to generate two high-frequency ballistic shock waves; the radiator 14 is distributed at the periphery of the electromagnetic coil 13 and the impact head 12 and is used for radiating heat generated by the reciprocating motion of the impact ball 16 and the impact head 12; a temperature sensor 17 mounted on the heat sink 14 for detecting temperature and transmitting a temperature signal; the wave collector 18 is located directly below the impact head 12 and has a coating of acoustically reflective material attached to the wall of the venlafel tube 19 between the two in order to concentrate the shock wave and increase its impact strength.
Two shock wave sources are generated in the impact acceleration module, and because the wave condenser 18 is arranged at different positions, one shock wave forms high-frequency low-intensity shock waves after being condensed, and the shock waves impact the surface of the grinding wheel to generate a cavitation effect so as to clean impurities such as abrasive dust on the surface of the grinding wheel and provide favorable conditions for nano particles to form a nano layer on the surface of the grinding wheel; and the other shock wave with high frequency and high intensity is formed after aggregation and is used for accelerating the impact nano particles until the impact nano particles impact the surface of the grinding wheel at the highest speed to form a nano layer.
The high-strength high-frequency shock wave formed by aggregation generates a cavitation effect when impacting the nano particles, and has enough energy to break down the nano particles with the agglomeration phenomenon, thereby effectively inhibiting the agglomeration phenomenon of the nano particles and improving the dispersion performance of the nano particles.
The impact ball 16 reciprocates at high speed in the semicircular annular pipeline, so that the temperature of the pipeline continuously rises, and a large amount of heat is generated around the impact head 12 after the impact ball 16 impacts the impact head 12. The radiator 14 is provided with a temperature sensor 17, the temperature sensor 17 is connected with the temperature controller 3, and when the temperature rises excessively, the temperature controller 3 sends an instruction for accelerating the working frequency of the radiator 14.
When the grinding wheel surface with the nano layer 41 rotates to contact with the workpiece 21, the nano particles 11 in the nano layer 41 fall into the core area of the grinding process due to mechanical sliding, collision and extrusion, and self-release and self-lubrication in the grinding process are further realized.
And a recovery module is arranged below the workpiece fixing plate 22 and used for recovering the nano particles. The coarse vibration filter net film 23 filters particles with the size larger than 1 mu m, the fine vibration filter film 24 screens particles with the size smaller than or equal to 100nm, the inclined flow channel is influenced by the electromagnet block 25, magnetic nano particles are adsorbed on the wall of the flow channel, when the electromagnet block 25 is powered off after work is finished, the automatic switch controls the recovery box cover 26 to be opened, and the magnetic nano particles on the wall of the flow channel freely fall into the recovery box 27 without the influence of the electromagnet block 25 and the external magnetic field 28 at the bottom of the box.
An automatic switch is arranged on the recovery box 27 to control the opening and closing of the recovery box cover 26; the automatic switch is connected with the electromagnet block 25, and is closed when the electromagnet block 25 works in a power-on mode, and is opened when the electromagnet block is powered off.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect which characterized in that: the device comprises a control system, an acceleration module, a shock wave acceleration module, a processing module and a recovery module;
the control system is used for controlling the operation of the whole device;
the accelerating module comprises an air pump (5), an air storage tank (8), an air pressure regulating valve (9), an accelerating tube (10), a detachable sealed powder feeding box (39), a powder feeding switch (40), a small Laval tube (29), an airflow valve (38), an air pressure sensing switch (32) and a movable switch (30);
the air pump (5) and the air storage tank (8) provide required compressed air;
the accelerating tube (10) is divided into a movable cavity (35), a high-pressure cavity (33) and a low-pressure cavity (31); the accelerating tube (10) is in flange sealing connection with the small Laval tube (29) and the detachable sealed powder feeding box (39);
the air pressure regulating valve (9), the air pressure sensing switch (32), the air flow valve (38), the powder feeding switch (40) and the movable switch (30) are opened and closed in a certain sequence, and the air pressure required by each chamber is controlled in a combined manner so as to generate shock waves to push the nano particles to move forwards; when the nano particles (11) enter the low-pressure cavity (31) from the detachable closed powder feeding box (39), the air pressure regulating valve (9) is opened, shock waves generated in the accelerating tube (10) push the nano particles to move forwards, and the nano particles are accelerated by the Laval effect of the small Laval tube (29) to obtain an initial speed;
the shock wave acceleration module comprises a shock head (12), an electromagnetic coil (13), a radiator (14), a shock ball (16), a temperature sensor (17), a wave condenser (18) and a large-size Laval tube (19); the electromagnetic coil (13) is externally connected with bipolar high-voltage pulse current and is circumferentially distributed on the outer side of a semicircular pipeline; impact balls (16) move back and forth in the pipeline to impact the impact heads (12) at two ends to generate high-frequency ballistic shock waves, and the impact balls (16) are preferably made of soft magnetic materials; the radiator (14) is distributed at the periphery of the electromagnetic coil (13) and the impact head (12), and the temperature sensor (17) is arranged on the radiator (14) and used for detecting temperature and transmitting a temperature signal; the wave collector (18) is right below the impact head (12); the large Laval tubes (19) are respectively distributed below the impact heads (12) at the two ends, and the generated Laval effect plays an accelerating role on the nano particles;
the processing module comprises a grinding wheel (20), a workpiece (21) and a workpiece fixing plate (22); the workpiece fixing plate (22) is fixedly placed on a grinding machine workbench; the workpiece (21) is fixedly placed on the workpiece fixing plate (22); the grinding wheel (20) is positioned above the workpiece (21) and is fixed on a rotating main shaft of the grinding machine;
the recovery module comprises a coarse vibration filter net film (23), a fine vibration filter net film (24), an electromagnet block (25), a recovery box (27) and an external magnetic field (28); the coarse vibration filter net film (23) is arranged above the fine vibration filter net film (24), and an electromagnet block (25), a recovery box (27) and an external magnetic field (28) are arranged below the fine vibration filter net film (24) in sequence; the outer side of the electromagnet block (25) is provided with a smooth inclined flow channel, after the electromagnet block (25) is electrified and magnetized, the nano particles are adsorbed on the wall of the flow channel, and after the electromagnet block is powered off, the nano particles can smoothly fall off under the influence of an external magnetic field (28); an automatic switch is arranged in a recovery box cover (26) in the recovery box (27) and controls the opening and closing of the box cover; the automatic switch is connected with the electromagnet block (25), and is closed when the electromagnet block is powered on for work, and is opened when the electromagnet block is powered off.
2. The nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the control system includes: a work master controller (1), a current controller (2), a temperature controller (3) and a pressure controller (4);
the work master controller (1) is connected with and controls the current controller (2), the temperature controller (3) and the pressure controller (4), and the current controller (2) is connected with and controls the electromagnetic coil (13) and the electromagnet block (25);
the temperature controller (3) is connected with the control radiator (14) and the temperature sensor (17);
the pressure controller (4) is connected with and controls the air pressure detector (7), the air pressure regulating valve (9), the airflow valve (38), the air pressure inductive switch (32), the powder feeding switch (40) and the movable switch (30).
3. The diamond grinding wheel device for lubricating with nano-layer based on shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein said device is characterized in that: the grinding wheel (20) is a diamond grinding wheel without a metal binding agent, and the metal binding agent is a bronze binding agent; the surface of the grinding wheel is a bronze bonding agent layer (43); the nano-particles (11) are metal nano-particles, namely iron sesquioxide (gamma-Fe)2O3) Magnetic nanoparticles with a size of 50nm to 100 nm.
4. The diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on the nano-layer lubrication of the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the small-size Laval pipe (29) in the acceleration module is welded on the large-size Laval pipe (19) in the shock wave acceleration module, the nozzle diameter of the small-size Laval pipe (29) is 2mm, and the nozzle diameter of the large-size Laval pipe (19) is 20 mm; the shock wave acceleration module is located right above the processing module, the distance from the nozzle part at the front end of the large-size Laval pipe (19) to the surface of the grinding wheel is 10-15 mm, and the recovery module is located below the processing module.
5. The diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on the nano-layer lubrication of the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an air inlet pipe (36) in the acceleration module is fixed on the acceleration pipe (10), one end of a spring (37) is fixed on the air inlet pipe (36), and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with a push plate (34); the spring (37) is an extension spring; the push plate (34) is an annular thin plate.
6. The diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on the nano-layer lubrication of the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: gas in a gas storage tank (8) in the acceleration module enters a movable cavity (35) in an acceleration pipe (10) to push a push plate (34) to compress gas in a high-pressure cavity (33), and when the compressed gas in the high-pressure cavity (33) enters a low-pressure cavity (31), shock waves are generated; the accelerating tube (10) is of a streamline tightening type and has an effect of enhancing the generated shock waves.
7. The diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on the nano-layer lubrication of the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the elastic limit, the deformation of a spring (37) is utilized to be matched with the opening and closing of an air pressure regulating valve (9), an air pressure induction switch (32), an air flow valve (38), a powder feeding switch (40) and a movable switch (30) to generate pulse shock waves, and the nano particles are pushed to move forwards in an accelerated manner at high frequency; a pressure sensor is arranged in the air pressure sensing switch (32), and is instantly opened when the air pressure of the high-pressure cavity (33) is sensed to meet the set requirement; the upper end of the detachable closed powder feeding box (39) is connected with a movable cavity (35) in the accelerating tube (10) through an air duct (6), and an airflow valve (38) is arranged on the air duct (6); the lower end of the powder feeding pipeline is of a venturi structure.
8. The diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on the nano-layer lubrication of the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the semicircular pipeline in the shock wave speed-increasing module is provided with an electromagnetic coil (13), a shock ball (16) is arranged in the pipeline, two shock heads (12) are arranged at two ends of the semicircular pipeline respectively, and when the electromagnetic coil (13) is externally connected with a bipolar high-voltage pulse current to generate bidirectional electromagnetic force to act on the shock ball (16), the shock heads (12) at two ends are impacted in a reciprocating mode to generate two high-frequency ballistic shock wave sources.
9. The diamond grinding wheel device for grinding with the nano-layer lubrication based on the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 8, wherein: when the low-intensity high-frequency shock wave directly impacts the surface of the grinding wheel, a cavitation effect is generated and is used for cleaning impurities on the surface of the grinding wheel; meanwhile, when the energy of the shock wave is transmitted inwards, the coarse grains on the surface of the grinding wheel are initially refined; when the high-strength high-frequency shock wave impacts the nano particles, a cavitation effect is generated, and the agglomeration phenomenon of the nano particles is inhibited.
10. The grinding device of the diamond grinding wheel lubricated by the nano layer based on the shock wave cavitation effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the nano particles with higher initial velocity enter the large-size Laval tube (19) after being accelerated by shock waves, under the continuous impact action of high-strength high-frequency shock waves, the nano particles are continuously accelerated along the axial direction of the large-size Laval tube (19) until the nano particles impact the surface of the grinding wheel at the highest velocity to form a nano layer (41); the thickness of the nano layer (41) is 5-15 mu m.
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| CN202010970004.8A CN111993270B (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2020-09-14 | Nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect |
| PCT/CN2021/116993 WO2022052919A1 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2021-09-07 | Nano-layer lubricated diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect |
| JP2023515844A JP7464327B2 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2021-09-07 | Nano-layer lubricated diamond wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect |
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| CN202010970004.8A CN111993270B (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2020-09-14 | Nano-layer lubrication diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect |
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| WO2022052919A1 (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | 湖南理工学院 | Nano-layer lubricated diamond grinding wheel grinding device based on shock wave cavitation effect |
| WO2022052899A1 (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | 湖南理工学院 | Method for lubricating diamond wheel grinding with shock wave cavitation effect based nano-layer |
| CN114248170A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-29 | 湖南理工学院 | Grinding device and method for nano aerosol directional adsorption diamond grinding wheel |
| CN115351688A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏甬金金属科技有限公司 | Automatic positioning type polishing device with rechecking function |
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| WO2022052919A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
| JP2023542642A (en) | 2023-10-11 |
| JP7464327B2 (en) | 2024-04-09 |
| CN111993270B (en) | 2021-08-13 |
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