CN111975000A - Technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed - Google Patents
Technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111975000A CN111975000A CN202010880727.9A CN202010880727A CN111975000A CN 111975000 A CN111975000 A CN 111975000A CN 202010880727 A CN202010880727 A CN 202010880727A CN 111975000 A CN111975000 A CN 111975000A
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000174 L-prolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a technology for 3D printing of complex parts by an anisotropic polishing metal powder bed, which comprises the steps of firstly, integrally forming the parts with complex structures by adopting the 3D printing technology of the metal powder bed; and then regulating and controlling electrolyte ratio, voltage and current of the plasma electrolytic polishing technology to realize high precision of the component surface wiener level, improving the surface quality of a 3D printing formed part, effectively reducing surface and subsurface crack source initiation, preventing subcritical crack propagation, and hopefully improving the high-cycle fatigue strength of the 3D printing deposition alloy so as to realize stable service of the component under alternating load, solve the application difficulty of the 3D printing technology in the aerospace and automobile industries, and widen the application field of the 3D printing technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal powder bed 3D printing technology, and particularly relates to a technology for 3D printing of complex parts by using an anisotropic polishing metal powder bed.
Background
The metal powder bed 3D printing technology has the characteristics of no need of a mold, low manufacturing cost and insensitivity to design complexity, and is suitable for manufacturing products with complex structures such as structure-function integration, bionic design, light-weight lattice structure, thin wall and the like. However, the surface of the 3D printed deposited part has unfused powder, molten pool ridge and step effect, so that the surface roughness of the metal part is high, the fatigue performance of the part is reduced, and the formed part cannot meet the requirements of high added value fields such as automobiles, aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like on mechanical performance. Therefore, the surface state of the metal part needs to be improved by combining a proper surface modification technology, the plasma electrolytic polishing technology is an environment-friendly technology, a water-based salt solution is used as an electrolyte, a sample to be processed is used as an anode, and the surface protrusion is preferentially polished through four steps of selective oxidation, in-situ thinning, air film cavitation and rapid stripping, so that the inner surface of a complex part with an inner flow channel and the like is polished with high precision. Therefore, the plasma electrolytic polishing technology can realize smooth treatment of powder adhered on the surface of the 3D printed complex part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technology for 3D printing of complex parts by using an anisotropic polished metal powder bed, which adopts a 3D printing and forming lattice structure with a complex structure and combines a plasma electrolytic polishing technology to reduce the surface roughness and improve the service performance of the parts.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the technology for 3D printing of the complex parts by using the anisotropic polished metal powder bed is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, firstly, integrally forming parts with complex structures by adopting a metal powder bed 3D printing technology;
and 2, polishing the parts with the complex structures printed in the step 1 by adopting a plasma electrolytic polishing technology.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the 3D printing technology of the metal powder bed in the step 1 mainly comprises an electron beam selective melting technology and a laser selective melting technology;
wherein the surface roughness of the parts formed by the selective laser melting technology is 5-45 um, and the surface roughness of the parts formed by the selective electron beam melting technology is 40-106 um;
wherein the step 1 complex structure comprises: the structure of the complicated inner flow passage, the lattice structure of different crystal structures and the thin-wall structure with gradient change are provided;
the specific content of the step 2 comprises:
firstly, taking a part with a complex structure as an anode, and finally obtaining a high-efficiency lossless nano-level surface processing layer in a compressive stress state after four processes of selective oxidation, in-situ thinning, air film cavitation and rapid stripping in electrolyte;
wherein four processes of oxidation, in-situ thinning, air film cavitation and rapid stripping are selected to be realized by regulating and controlling voltage and current.
The invention has the advantages that
The invention relates to a technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder beds, which is started from the high surface roughness of parts with complex shapes printed by 3D, is combined with an advanced green, environment-friendly and efficient lossless surface modification technology to improve the surface roughness of formed parts, can effectively reduce the surface and subsurface crack sources, prevent the propagation of subcritical cracks, and is expected to improve the high-cycle fatigue strength of 3D printing deposition alloy so as to realize the stable service of the parts under alternating load, solve the application dilemma of the 3D printing technology in the aerospace and automobile industries, and widen the application field of the 3D printing technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope micrograph of the surface topography of a complex structure formed by a selective laser melting technique in the technique of 3D printing of complex parts by an anisotropic polished metal powder bed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope micrograph of the surface topography of a complex structure formed by an electron beam selective melting technique in the technique of 3D printing complex parts by an anisotropic polished metal powder bed of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a laser confocal drawing of the surface topography of a complex structure in the technology of 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of plasma electropolishing in the present invention for 3D printing of complex parts from an anisotropically polished metal powder bed;
FIG. 5 is a front-back polishing contrast diagram of a lattice structure object in the technology of 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a technology for 3D printing of complex parts by using an anisotropic polished metal powder bed, which is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, firstly, establishing a three-dimensional solid model of a complex inner runner structure, a lattice structure with different crystal structures and a gradient thin-wall structure by adopting Solidworks software, Pro/Engineer software or Unigraphic software, then carrying out layered slicing on the three-dimensional solid model by utilizing slicing software to obtain layered information at different heights, and carrying out printing and forming by utilizing a metal powder bed 3D printing technology;
the metal powder bed 3D printing technology mainly comprises an electron beam selective melting technology and a laser selective melting technology, wherein the two technologies adopt different powder raw material particle size distributions and different metal surface roughness;
the surface roughness of the parts formed by the selective laser melting technology is 5-45 um, and the surface appearance of the formed parts is shown in figure 1; the surface roughness of the formed part by the electron beam selective melting technology is 40-106 um, and the surface appearance of the formed part is shown in figure 2;
the surface of the complex part formed by the metal powder bed 3D printing technology not only has adhered powder, but also has molten pool ridge ripples formed by instantly melting and solidifying the powder by an energy source, as shown in FIG. 3;
the plasma electrolytic polishing is an environment-friendly technology, a water-based salt solution is used as an electrolyte, a sample to be treated is used as an anode, and a high-efficiency lossless nano-level pressure stress state surface processing layer is obtained through four steps of selective oxidation, in-situ thinning, air film cavitation and rapid stripping;
the plasma electrolytic polishing technology can not only quickly reduce the surface roughness of the parts and refine surface grains, but also cannot damage the integrity of the parts, and is particularly suitable for surface treatment of complex parts;
wherein the plasma polishing process preferentially peels off the raised portions of the surface to achieve anisotropic surface planarization, the polishing principle of which is shown in fig. 4;
wherein the metal powder bed 3D prints complicated lattice structure and the plasma electrolytic polishing front and back object pair is shown in figure 5,
the anisotropic polishing process of the rough surface realized by 3D printing complex structure forming and plasma electrolysis explains the technology of anisotropic polishing metal powder bed 3D printing complex parts of the invention: starting from the high surface roughness of a 3D printing part with a complex shape, the surface roughness of a formed part is improved by combining an advanced green environment-friendly and efficient lossless surface modification technology, the surface and subsurface crack sources can be effectively reduced, the subcritical crack propagation is prevented, the high-cycle fatigue strength of 3D printing deposition alloy is expected to be improved, so that parts can be stably in service under alternating load, the application dilemma of the 3D printing technology in the aerospace and automobile industries is solved, and the application field of the 3D printing technology is widened.
Claims (6)
1. A technology for 3D printing of complex parts by using an anisotropic polishing metal powder bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, firstly, integrally forming parts with complex structures by adopting a metal powder bed 3D printing technology;
and 2, polishing the parts with the complex structures printed in the step 1 by adopting a plasma electrolytic polishing technology.
2. The technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed according to claim 1, wherein the 3D printing technology of metal powder bed in step 1 mainly comprises electron beam selective melting technology and laser selective melting technology.
3. The technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the surface roughness of the parts formed by selective laser melting technique is 5-45 um, and the surface roughness of the parts formed by selective electron beam melting technique is 40-106 um.
4. The technique for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing of metal powder bed according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 complex structure comprises: the structure of the complex inner flow channel, the lattice structure of different crystal structures and the thin-wall structure with gradient change are provided.
5. The technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 comprises:
firstly, taking a complex-structure part as an anode, and finally obtaining a high-efficiency lossless nano-level surface processing layer under a pressure stress state after four processes of selective oxidation, in-situ thinning, air film cavitation and rapid stripping in electrolyte.
6. The technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the four processes of selective oxidation-in-situ sparse oxidation-air film cavitation-fast peeling are realized by regulating voltage and current.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010880727.9A CN111975000A (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2020-08-27 | Technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010880727.9A CN111975000A (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2020-08-27 | Technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed |
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|---|---|
| CN111975000A true CN111975000A (en) | 2020-11-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010880727.9A Pending CN111975000A (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2020-08-27 | Technology for 3D printing of complex parts by anisotropic polishing metal powder bed |
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| Country | Link |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100200424A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Alexander Mayorov | Plasma-electrolytic polishing of metals products |
| GB201608438D0 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-06-29 | Airbus Operations Ltd | Component Manuafacturing |
| CN106424733A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-02-22 | 广东汉唐量子光电科技有限公司 | CoCrMo alloy dental crown 3D printing and electrolytic polishing combined machining system |
| DE102017006205A1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr | Method for smoothing a generatively manufactured component |
| KR20190098113A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-21 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Plasma Electrolytic Polishing Method with Luster and Dimensional Stability |
| CN110496964A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-26 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of selective laser fusing forming product cavity shakes clear powder and inner surface finishing equipment |
| KR20200045029A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-05-04 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method for treating surface of metal products |
| CN111558756A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-21 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing copper and copper alloy components based on additive manufacturing technology |
-
2020
- 2020-08-27 CN CN202010880727.9A patent/CN111975000A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100200424A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Alexander Mayorov | Plasma-electrolytic polishing of metals products |
| GB201608438D0 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-06-29 | Airbus Operations Ltd | Component Manuafacturing |
| CN106424733A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-02-22 | 广东汉唐量子光电科技有限公司 | CoCrMo alloy dental crown 3D printing and electrolytic polishing combined machining system |
| DE102017006205A1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, vertreten durch das Bundesamt für Ausrüstung, Informationstechnik und Nutzung der Bundeswehr | Method for smoothing a generatively manufactured component |
| KR20200045029A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-05-04 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method for treating surface of metal products |
| KR20190098113A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-21 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Plasma Electrolytic Polishing Method with Luster and Dimensional Stability |
| CN110496964A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-26 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of selective laser fusing forming product cavity shakes clear powder and inner surface finishing equipment |
| CN111558756A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-21 | 西安理工大学 | Method for preparing copper and copper alloy components based on additive manufacturing technology |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 黄璐琦: "等离子体增强电化学抛光奥氏体不锈钢表面状态的研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士）工程科技Ⅰ辑》 * |
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Application publication date: 20201124 |