CN111965760B - Low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method and system using refraction device - Google Patents
Low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method and system using refraction device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2848—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers having refractive means, e.g. imaging elements between light guides as splitting, branching and/or combining devices, e.g. lenses, holograms
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method and a system using a refraction device, wherein a plurality of Gaussian beams are shaped into a rectangular strip-shaped plane wave and then are converted into circular beams through the multiplexing refraction device and multiplexed together, and the phase of the circular beams is compensated and corrected; when the annular light beam is transmitted, the annular light beam is demultiplexed into a solid Gaussian light beam through a spatial light modulator or into an inclined plane wave through a demultiplexing refraction device, and finally, the signal is detected through a detector. By adopting the method to carry out OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing, a plurality of light beams can be processed without reducing the efficiency, and the loss of the light beams in the transmission process can be reduced; the system of the invention improves the energy conversion efficiency, greatly reduces the loss in the multiplexing and demultiplexing technology, and has the advantages of low loss and stable work.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optical communication technologies, and in particular, to a low-loss OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing method and system using a refractive device.
Background
Nowadays, fields such as information communication and the like are rapidly developed, and the demand for communication capacity of networks is also growing along with the arrival of the 5G era and the internet era. At present, the multiplexing technology for expanding the optical communication capacity is a wavelength division multiplexing technology, and as the channel capacity gradually approaches to the aromatic concentration limit, the wavelength division multiplexing technology also encounters a bottleneck, and a new multiplexing technology is urgently needed for expanding the optical communication capacity. The OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum) demultiplexing belongs to the mode division multiplexing, which is to transmit modes as many as possible in the same spatial channel by using the orthogonality between the modes. The modular division multiplexing technology can be compatible with the current communication technology, and the capacity in a communication system can be greatly improved.
One of the mode division multiplexing techniques is to combine gaussian light incident in different grating diffraction order directions on the same optical axis at the transmitting end and generate a related composite vortex beam. And at the receiving end, the coaxial vortex light can be reduced into Gaussian light again on different diffraction orders after passing through the Dammann grating. Similar to the patent document with the application number "201710339538.9", an optical fiber eigenmode multiplexing communication method and system are disclosed, but this method has the disadvantage that because the energies of the diffraction orders are equal, the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) state energies of the modes are relatively dispersed, the loss is relatively large, and the efficiency of energy conversion is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem of low resolution of a perfect vortex light beam measurement result in the prior art, the invention provides a low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method and system using a refraction device, so that the capacity of a communication system is improved, and the loss of a light beam in the transmission process is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method using a refraction device is characterized in that a plurality of Gaussian beams are shaped into rectangular strip-shaped plane waves and then converted into circular beams and multiplexed together, and the phase of the circular beams is compensated and corrected; and when the annular light beam is transmitted and then demultiplexed into a solid Gaussian light beam or an inclined plane wave, and finally, the signal is detected by a detector. The coordinate transformation of the light beam with orbital angular momentum only involves phase-dependent modulation, and almost no other energy loss except reflection and absorption of the light beam by a device exists, so that the loss of the light beam in the transmission process is reduced. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency of the coordinate transformation on the light beams with different quantities is basically the same, the energy efficiency is not reduced due to the increase of the light beams, the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the light beams can be realized at the same time, and the propagation efficiency of the light beams is improved.
Preferably, the light source is decomposed into a plurality of independent light beams, and then converted into a bar plane wave, and the gaussian bar plane wave is incident to the same position in the multiplexing device for multiplexing.
Preferably, the circular light beam is demultiplexed into a solid Gaussian light beam and coupled into the optical fiber by loading conjugate phase holograms of OAMs with different topological loads on the spatial light modulator, so that the realized Gaussian light beam is more convenient to enter the optical fiber, and the propagation efficiency of the light beam is improved.
Preferably, the oblique plane wave obtained by demultiplexing is adjusted to a circular Gaussian-like beam and then coupled into the optical fiber. The circular gaussian-like beam is more convenient to enter the optical fiber, and the propagation efficiency of the beam is improved.
The low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing system using the refraction device is also provided, and is used for realizing the method, wherein the multiplexing and refraction device and the demultiplexing and refraction device have consistent structures; the multiplexing refraction device and the demultiplexing refraction device respectively comprise a converter and a compensator, and the converter, the multiplexing compensator, the demultiplexing converter and the demultiplexer compensator are respectively a multiplexing converter, a multiplexing compensator, a demultiplexing converter and a demultiplexing compensator; the multiplexing converter is a light beam inlet end, and the demultiplexing compensator is a light beam inlet end;
the multiplexing converter is used for converting the Gaussian strip plane wave into a circular light beam, and the multiplexing compensator is used for compensating and correcting the phase of the circular light beam; the demultiplexing compensator demodulates the phase of the circular light beam, and the demultiplexing converter converts the circular light spot into an inclined plane wave.
When the OAM light beam enters the multiplexing converter, the strip-shaped light spot can be bent from a long strip shape into a circular light beam through coordinate conversion. And the topological load size of the generated OAM optical field depends on the inclination degree of the inclined plane wave. After the OAM light is converted into the annular OAM light, the phase is compensated through a multiplexing compensator, and the phase is ensured to be consistent with the phase of the original OAM light beam.
And passing the OAM light beam through a demultiplexing compensator to demodulate the phase of the OAM light beam. After the composite coaxial OAM light beam is demultiplexed by the demultiplexing converter, the annular OAM is gradually elongated to the strip-shaped light spot, and the annular light spot is also converted into the inclined plane wave. And orbital angular momentum vortex rotation of different topological charges can be demultiplexed and dispersed into different azimuthal angles in space.
Preferably, the multiplexing refractive device obtains a phase modulation function for realizing coordinate transformation by converting a number-polar coordinate to a Cartesian left side, and (X) is 1 ,Y 1 )(X 2 ,Y 2 ) Representing the coordinates before and after transformation, the relationship between the coordinates is expressed as:
wherein a is related to the size and phase of the strip-shaped light spot, b is related to the size of the output light spot, and the two parameters are independent of each other;
the conversion phase of the multiplexing converter and the demultiplexing converter, and the compensation phase of the multiplexing compensator and the demultiplexing compensator are respectively as follows:
wherein (x) 1 ,y 1 )(x 2 ,y 2 ) And (3) representing coordinates before and after transformation, wherein a and b are parameters representing the size and the position of a light spot respectively, and f is the distance between two free-form surfaces.
The demultiplexing refractive element is identical to the multiplexing refractive element.
The two phase modulation formulas can convert the strip-shaped light spot into a circular light beam, and simultaneously can convert the inclined phase of the strip-shaped light spot into the angular phase of the OAM light.
Preferably, the material of the converter and the compensator is a low-loss transparent material, and specifically, the material can be polymethyl methacrylate. The structure of the multiplexing converter and the demultiplexing converter is consistent, the structure of the multiplexing compensator and the demultiplexing compensator is consistent, the thickness and the structure of the converter and the compensator are designed and manufactured according to the phase formula, the specific processing technology belongs to the prior art, and the description is not provided herein.
Preferably, the device further comprises a Fourier transform lens for adjusting the inclined plane wave emitted by the multiplexing refractive device to a circular Gaussian-like beam. The Fourier transform lens shapes the tilted planar strip into a circular Gaussian-like spot, which facilitates coupling into a single mode fiber. Vortex beams with different topological loads are dispersed to different azimuth angles in space by the refraction device of the system, and the signals can be detected through the detector after the vortex beams are coupled by the single-mode optical fiber.
Preferably, the device also comprises a light source module, a coupler and a shaper;
the light source module comprises a laser and an amplifier;
the coupler is connected with the amplifier through a single-mode fiber and converts the light beam output by the amplifier into a plurality of circular Gaussian light spots;
the shaper is connected with the coupler through a single mode fiber to shape the round Gaussian spots into rectangular Gaussian strip plane waves; the shaper is a lens group formed by combining a cylindrical lens and a convex lens. When the Gaussian spots are rightly formed into long strip-shaped spots, the length of the Gaussian spots needs to be more than or equal to 7mm so as to ensure that the intensity distribution of the OAM light ring generated by conversion is relatively uniform. In addition, the phase of the strip-shaped light spot needs to be a plane wave, so that the inclined plane wave can be obtained by adjusting the longitudinal inclination angle of the strip-shaped light spot, and the coordinate transformation in a rear multiplexing refraction device is facilitated to obtain the OAM light.
The Gaussian strip plane wave is incident to the multiplexing converter in a transverse oblique incidence mode. Since all incident light is incident on the same position of the multiplexing converter to realize multiplexing, the shaper can only realize multiplexing by means of transverse oblique incidence. When the transverse oblique incidence angle is too large, the compensation of the multiplexing compensator on an optical field is influenced, and the oblique phase introduced by the transverse oblique incidence can be converted into the radial phase of OAM light through multiplexing refractive device coordinate transformation. In order not to affect the phase compensation, and simultaneously multiplex as many beams as possible, the transverse oblique incidence angles of all shapers are made as small as possible, so that the shapers are densely arranged, and the distance between each shaper and the multiplexing refractor is adjusted.
Preferably, a convex lens is disposed on the optical path emitted by the multiplexing compensator, and the convex lens focuses the inclined plane wave to the back focal plane of the convex lens. The convergence effect of the convex lens can collect the circular light beam transformed by the novel refraction device, and then the circular light beam is captured by the CCD camera and then is measured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the method to carry out OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing, a plurality of light beams can be processed without reducing the efficiency, and the loss of the light beams in the transmission process can be reduced; the system of the invention adopts the basic principle of geometric transformation, compared with the prior diffraction device, the related multiplexing refraction device and demultiplexing refraction device do not waste energy except a small amount of scattering and absorption, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency, greatly reducing the large loss in the multiplexing and demultiplexing technology, and having the advantages of low loss and stable work.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a low loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method using a refractive device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of another embodiment of the low loss OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing method using a refractive device according to the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-loss OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing system using refractive devices according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the transducer of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compensator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:
example 1
A low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method using a refraction device comprises the following specific steps:
s1: the light source at the emitting end is converted into strip plane waves after being decomposed into a plurality of independent light beams;
s2, making the Gaussian strip plane wave incident to the same position in the multiplexing device for multiplexing, converting the Gaussian strip plane wave into a circular beam and multiplexing the circular beam together, and compensating and correcting the phase of the circular beam;
s3: the annular light beam enters a spatial light modulator after being transmitted in a free space, conjugate phase holograms of OAM with different topological loads are loaded on the spatial light modulator, the annular light beam is demultiplexed into solid Gaussian light beams and coupled into an optical fiber, and the solid Gaussian light beams enter a receiving end.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment: the method only relates to the relevant modulation of the phase position for the coordinate transformation of the light beam with the orbital angular momentum, almost has no other energy loss except the reflection and the absorption of the device to the light beam, and reduces the loss of the light beam in the transmission process. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency of the coordinate transformation on the light beams with different quantities is basically the same, the energy efficiency is not reduced due to the increase of the light beams, the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the light beams can be realized at the same time, and the propagation efficiency of the light beams is improved.
Example 2
Another embodiment of a low-loss OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing method using refractive devices includes the following steps:
s1: the light source at the emitting end is converted into strip plane waves after being decomposed into a plurality of independent light beams;
s2, making the Gaussian strip plane wave enter the same position in the multiplexing device for multiplexing, converting the Gaussian strip plane wave into a circular beam and multiplexing the circular beam together, and compensating and correcting the phase of the circular beam;
s3: the annular light beam enters a demultiplexing device after being transmitted in a free space to obtain an inclined plane wave;
s4: and adjusting the oblique plane wave obtained by demultiplexing to a circular Gaussian-like beam, coupling the oblique plane wave into an optical fiber, and entering a receiving end.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment: the method only relates to the relevant modulation of the phase position for the coordinate transformation of the light beam with orbital angular momentum, almost has no other energy loss except the reflection and the absorption of the device to the light beam, and reduces the loss of the light beam in the transmission process. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency of the coordinate transformation on the light beams with different quantities is basically the same, the energy efficiency is not reduced due to the increase of the light beams, the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the light beams can be realized at the same time, and the propagation efficiency of the light beams is improved.
Example 3
Fig. 3 shows a low-loss OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing system using refractive devices, which is used to implement the method of embodiment 2, and specifically includes a light source module, a coupler 2, a shaper 4, a multiplexing/refractive device 5, a convex lens 5, a demultiplexing/refractive device 7, a fourier transform lens 8, and a detector 9.
The light source module comprises a laser 1 and an amplifier 2;
the coupler 3 is connected with the amplifier 2 through a single mode fiber, and converts the light beam output by the amplifier 2 into a plurality of circular Gaussian light spots;
the shaper 4 is connected with the coupler 3 through a single mode fiber to shape the round Gaussian spots into rectangular Gaussian strip plane waves.
Specifically, the shaper 4 is a lens group formed by combining a cylindrical lens and a convex lens. When the Gaussian spots are rightly formed into long strip-shaped spots, the length of the Gaussian spots needs to be more than or equal to 7mm so as to ensure that the intensity distribution of the OAM light ring generated by conversion is relatively uniform. In addition, the phase of the elongated light spot needs to be a plane wave, so that by adjusting the longitudinal inclination angle of the elongated light spot, we can obtain an inclined plane wave, which is beneficial to coordinate transformation in the following multiplexing refractive device 5 to obtain the OAM light.
The multiplexing refractive device 5 comprises a multiplexing converter 501 and a multiplexing compensator 502, wherein the gaussian strip-shaped plane wave emitted by the shaper 4 is incident into the multiplexing converter 501 in a transverse oblique incidence mode and is converted into a circular ring-shaped light beam according to a conversion phase formula of the multiplexing converter 501, and the multiplexing compensator 502 demodulates the phase of the circular ring-shaped light beam according to a set compensation phase formula, so that the phase of the circular ring-shaped light beam is consistent with the phase of the original OAM light beam.
A convex lens 6 is placed on the path of light emitted by the multiplexed compensator 502, and the convex lens 6 focuses the tilted plane wave to the back focal plane of the convex lens 6. The converging action of the convex lens 6 can collect the circular light beam transformed by the novel refraction device, and then the circular light beam is captured by the CCD camera and then is measured.
The demultiplexing refractive device 7 includes a demultiplexing transformer 701 and a demultiplexing compensator 702; the demultiplexing compensator 702 demodulates the annular light beam-shaped phases through a set compensation phase formula, and after the composite coaxial annular light beam is demultiplexed through the conversion phase formula set by the demultiplexing converter 701, the annular light spots are gradually elongated to strip-shaped light spots, and the annular light spots are also converted into inclined plane waves.
The fourier transform lens 8 shapes the tilted planar strip into a circular gaussian-like spot, which facilitates coupling into a single mode optical fibre. Vortex beams with different topological loads are dispersed to different azimuth angles in space by the refraction device of the system, and can be subjected to signal detection through the detector 9 after being coupled by the single-mode optical fiber.
Specifically, the multiplexing refractive device 5 obtains a phase modulation function for realizing coordinate transformation by transforming the number-polar coordinates to the left cartesian coordinate, namely (X) 1 ,Y 1 )(X 2 ,Y 2 ) Representing the coordinates before and after transformation, the relationship between the coordinates is expressed as:
wherein a is related to the size and phase of the strip-shaped light spot, b is related to the size of the output light spot, and the two parameters are independent of each other;
the transformation phase and the compensation phase of the multiplexing refractive element 5 are respectively:
wherein (x) 1 ,y 1 )(x 2 ,y 2 ) And (3) representing coordinates before and after transformation, wherein a and b are parameters representing the size and the position of a light spot respectively, and f is the distance between two free-form surfaces.
The demultiplexing refractive element 7 coincides with the multiplexing refractive element 5.
Specifically, the material of the converter and the compensator is polymethyl methacrylate. The structure of the multiplexing converter and the demultiplexing converter is consistent, the structure of the multiplexing compensator and the demultiplexing compensator is consistent, the thickness and the structure of the converter and the compensator are designed and manufactured according to the phase formula, the specific processing technology belongs to the prior art, and the description is not provided herein. In this embodiment, the converter is constructed as shown in fig. 4, and the compensator is constructed as shown in fig. 5.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment: the system in the embodiment adopts a basic principle of geometric transformation, and compared with the conventional diffraction device, the related multiplexing refraction device and demultiplexing refraction device do not waste energy except a small amount of scattering and absorption, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved, the loss in the multiplexing and demultiplexing technology is greatly reduced, and the system has the advantages of low loss and stable work.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing system using refraction devices is characterized by comprising multiplexing refraction devices and demultiplexing refraction devices with consistent structures; the multiplexing refraction device and the demultiplexing refraction device comprise a converter and a compensator which are respectively a multiplexing converter, a multiplexing compensator, a demultiplexing converter and a demultiplexing compensator; the multiplexing converter is a light beam inlet end, and the demultiplexing compensator is a light beam inlet end;
the multiplexing converter is used for converting the Gaussian strip plane wave into a circular light beam, and the multiplexing compensator is used for compensating and correcting the phase of the circular light beam; the demultiplexing compensator demodulates the phase of the circular light beam, and the demultiplexing converter converts the circular light spot into an inclined plane wave;
the multiplexing refraction device obtains a phase modulation function for realizing coordinate transformation by transforming a number-polar coordinate into a Cartesian coordinate, and the phase modulation function is (X) 1 ,Y 1 )(X 2 ,Y 2 ) Representing the coordinates before and after transformation, the relationship between the coordinates is expressed as:
wherein a is related to the size and phase of the strip-shaped light spot, b is related to the size of the output light spot, and the two parameters are independent of each other;
the transformation phases of the transformer and the multiplexing transformer and the compensation phases of the compensator and the multiplexing compensator are respectively as follows:
wherein (x) 1 ,y 1 )(x 2 ,y 2 ) And (3) representing coordinates before and after transformation, wherein a and b are parameters representing the size and the position of a light spot respectively, and f is the distance between two free-form surfaces.
2. The low loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing system according to claim 1, wherein the material of said transformers and compensators is a low loss transparent material.
3. The low loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing system according to claim 2, further comprising a fourier transform lens for adjusting the tilted plane waves emitted from said multiplexing refractive device to a circular gaussian-like beam.
4. The low loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing system according to claim 3, further comprising a light source module, a coupler and a shaper;
the light source module comprises a laser and an amplifier;
the coupler is connected with the amplifier through a single mode fiber and converts the light beam output by the amplifier into a plurality of circular Gaussian light spots;
the shaper is connected with the coupler through a single mode fiber to shape the round Gaussian spots into rectangular Gaussian strip plane waves;
the Gaussian strip plane wave is incident to the multiplexing converter in a transverse oblique incidence mode.
5. The low loss OAM multiplexing/demultiplexing system according to claim 4, wherein a convex lens is placed on the optical path from said multiplexing compensator, said convex lens focusing the tilted plane wave onto the back focal plane of the convex lens.
6. A low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method using refraction device, characterized in that based on the low-loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing system using refraction device of any of the above claims 1-5, the multiple Gaussian beams are shaped into rectangular strip plane waves and then converted into circular beams and multiplexed together, and the phase of the circular beams is compensated and corrected; and when the annular light beam is transmitted and then demultiplexed into a solid Gaussian light beam or an inclined plane wave, and finally, the signal is detected by a detector.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the light source is decomposed into a plurality of independent beams, and then converted into a bar plane wave, and the gaussian bar plane wave is incident to the same position in the device for multiplexing.
8. The low loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method according to claim 7, wherein the circular optical beam is demultiplexed into solid Gaussian optical beams and coupled into the optical fiber by loading conjugate phase holograms of OAM of different topological charges on the spatial optical modulator.
9. The low loss OAM multiplexing and demultiplexing method according to claim 7, wherein said oblique plane waves obtained by demultiplexing are aligned to a circular gaussian-like beam and then coupled into an optical fiber.
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| US10819461B2 (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2020-10-27 | University Of The Witwaterstrand, Johannesburg | Optical communication method and system |
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| CN105282630A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2016-01-27 | 深圳大学 | Novel vortex Dammann grating model and dynamic reconstructible routing system |
| US10484081B1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2019-11-19 | Spatial Digital Systems, Inc. | Ground terminals via remote digital-beam-forming networks for satellites in non-geostationary orbit |
| CN108279508A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-07-13 | 中山大学 | A kind of method and device of vortex beams multiplexing and demultiplexing |
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