CN112290371B - Laser beam combining system based on square optical fiber beam combiner - Google Patents

Laser beam combining system based on square optical fiber beam combiner Download PDF

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CN112290371B
CN112290371B CN202110000552.2A CN202110000552A CN112290371B CN 112290371 B CN112290371 B CN 112290371B CN 202110000552 A CN202110000552 A CN 202110000552A CN 112290371 B CN112290371 B CN 112290371B
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square
laser
optical fiber
fiber
beam combining
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CN112290371A (en
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闫玥芳
陶汝茂
张昊宇
刘玙
楚秋慧
王建军
林宏奂
颜冬林
黄珊
黄智蒙
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Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729Peculiar transverse fibre profile
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/23Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
    • H01S3/2383Parallel arrangements

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser beam combining system based on a square optical fiber beam combiner, which comprises: sub-beam module, beam combiner, phase control module and laser detector, wherein the beam combiner includes again: the optical fiber protection device comprises a plurality of optical fibers, tail fibers, a glass tube and square optical fibers, wherein the tail fibers are arranged into a square array and are vertically connected with the square optical fibers, and the glass tube is sleeved on the peripheries of the tail fibers to play a role in protecting and strengthening connection. The laser beam combining system disclosed by the invention can realize a laser beam combining technology based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle by a simple structure, the stability of the performance of the beam combining system is improved, the complexity of the laser beam combining system is reduced, the beam quality of the beam combined by the laser beam combining system is close to 1, and the beam combining efficiency is close to 100%.

Description

Laser beam combining system based on square optical fiber beam combiner
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fiber lasers, and particularly relates to a laser beam combining system based on a square fiber beam combiner.
Background
The fiber laser has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, convenient thermal management, compact structure and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of industry, optical communication and national defense. However, the power of a single mode fiber laser cannot be increased infinitely due to the influence of factors such as thermal damage and nonlinear effect, and in order to obtain a high-power high-brightness laser source, a multi-path laser coherent synthesis mode is generally adopted to obtain high-power output laser. The existing fiber laser coherent synthesis technology can be divided into two types, namely a split aperture coherent synthesis technology and a common aperture coherent synthesis technology according to different beam combination modes of all laser subunits. The aperture-division coherent synthesis means that each sub-beam is output by a discrete aperture, a certain distance exists between the centers of each beam in a near field emission, and each beam in a far field emission is subjected to effective coherent synthesis; the common aperture coherent synthesis means that all sub-beams are emitted by a common aperture, the centers of all paths of beams are completely overlapped in the near field of emission, and finally one path of laser output is represented.
In the common aperture coherent synthesis technology, the synthesis technology can be classified into the following categories according to different principles: the optical waveguide fiber combiner comprises a polarization prism-based synthesis technology, a diffraction element-based synthesis technology, a fused biconical taper fiber combiner-based synthesis technology and an optical waveguide self-imaging principle-based synthesis technology. The synthesis technology based on the polarization prism realizes the coherent synthesis of a plurality of paths of light beams by utilizing a polarization beam combiner in a mode of level combined beam; the synthesis technology based on the diffraction element mainly utilizes the reversible principle of the light path, and the diffraction optical element is reversely used to realize the synthesis of the multi-path light beams, the two modes are that the optical fiber laser beams are converted into the space light beams, when the synthesized laser beams are increased, the number of the used space optical elements is increased, the complexity of a beam combination system can be greatly increased, the stability is poor, the heat dissipation problem is difficult to solve, and the heat management is inconvenient. The optical fiber combiner based on the fused biconical taper optical fiber bundle is characterized in that a plurality of optical fibers are placed in a glass tube to be tapered, the input optical fibers are tapered, and the fiber cores are gathered to realize coherent laser beam combination, although the complex degree of the system is reduced due to the full optical fiber structure, the combining mode is formed by tapering the plurality of optical fibers, so that side lobes inevitably occur to influence the quality and the combining efficiency of the combined light beam; the synthesis technology based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle mainly utilizes the self-imaging effect, namely, multiple beams of input laser can be periodically imaged in the optical waveguide, the synthesis technology has the potential of completely eliminating side lobes, and the synthesis efficiency close to one hundred percent and the beam quality close to 1 can be realized in coherent synthesis, so the synthesis technology based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle is the first choice of laser coherent combination.
The existing laser beam combining system mainly comprises three modules: the beam combining module of the laser beam combining system based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle at home and abroad adopts a complex optical system space structure, namely, a plurality of beams of laser of the beam combining module are combined by using a space optical element after being arranged or collimated, for example, the laser is collimated by a space micro lens and then is driven into an optical waveguide device.
Therefore, a laser beam combining system is needed, which can implement a laser beam combining technology based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle with a simple structure, and improve the laser beam combining quality and beam combining efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a laser beam combining system, which is an all-fiber structure, can implement a laser beam combining technology based on an optical waveguide self-imaging principle, and has a simple structure, high beam combining efficiency, and good beam combining quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the laser beam combining system comprises: the device comprises a sub-beam module, a beam combiner, a phase control module and a laser detector; the sub-beam module, the beam combiner and the laser detector are sequentially connected along the laser transmission direction, and the phase control module is respectively connected with the sub-beam module and the laser detector; the beamlet module comprises a plurality of optical fibers; the beam combiner includes: many tail optical fibers, glass pipe and square optic fibre, many tail optical fibers are the tail optical fiber of many optic fibres in the beamlet module, many tail optical fibers place in the glass pipe, and arrange for square array in the glass pipe, the fibre core cross-section of square optic fibre is divided into and is arranged a plurality of square subregion arrays of array unanimity with many tail optical fibers, many tail optical fibers are connected with square optic fibre is perpendicular, and the fibre core center of every tail optical fiber rather than the square subregion center coincidence of the square optic fibre core cross-section that corresponds.
Preferably, the square optical fiber has a length satisfying the optical waveguide self-imaging requirement.
Preferably, the size of the glass tube is adjusted according to the number of the tail fibers arranged in the glass tube.
Preferably, the structure of the square optical fiber is any optical fiber structure comprising a square core.
Preferably, the beamlet module includes, but is not limited to, a full fiber laser.
Preferably, the output laser beams of the plurality of pigtails are linearly polarized light in the same direction, are phase-locked, and output single-mode laser beams with the same power.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the laser beam combining system disclosed by the invention can realize a laser beam combining technology based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle by a simple structure, can eliminate the side lobe of a combined beam, has the beam quality close to 1 and the beam combining efficiency close to 100 percent, and replaces a complex space optical structure in the prior art by using an all-fiber system containing a square optical fiber, so that the laser beam combining system based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle has a simpler structure and improves the stability of the beam combining system; in addition, the all-fiber beam combining system of the invention avoids the problem of heating of the fiber end face due to the fact that the fiber end face does not contact with the space, reduces the requirement of the beam combiner on a water cooling system, and is convenient for heat management.
The invention provides a brand new thought for the design of a laser beam combining system based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser beam combining system based on a square optical fiber beam combiner according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a spot diagram after being combined by the beam combining system based on the square optical fiber beam combiner of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
A laser beam combining system based on a square fiber combiner, the laser beam combining system comprising: the laser system comprises a sub-beam module, a beam combiner, a phase control module and a laser detector, wherein the sub-beam module adopts an optical fiber amplification stage and comprises a plurality of beams of optical fibers, the beam combiner coherently combines a plurality of laser sub-beams and outputs the combined laser to the laser detector, the phase control module detects the laser beams in the laser detector, and the sub-beam module is controlled through detection feedback to adjust the phase of the output laser.
The sub-beam module, the beam combiner and the laser detector are sequentially connected along the laser transmission direction, and the phase control module is respectively connected with the sub-beam module and the laser detector.
The beam combiner includes: the fiber core of the square optical fiber is divided into a plurality of square sub-area arrays consistent with the tail fiber arrangement array, the plurality of tail fibers are vertically connected with the square optical fiber, and the center of the fiber core of each tail fiber is superposed with the center of the sub-area of the square fiber core at the corresponding position of the tail fiber.
The length of the square optical fiber meets the requirement of optical waveguide self-imaging, and can be calculated according to a self-imaging principle formula and the section size, namely the length of the square optical fiber needs to ensure that a plurality of laser beams are coherently synthesized on the connecting surface of the square optical fiber and the detector to form a surface where an image point of one laser beam is located.
The size of the glass tube is adjusted according to the number of the tail fibers arranged in the glass tube, and the glass tube mainly plays a role in protecting and stabilizing the connection between the optical fibers.
The shape of the square optical fiber is not limited, and the square optical fiber is any optical fiber structure containing a square fiber core, such as a square fiber core and a circular cladding structure, or a structure in which a square fiber core is directly coated with a cladding layer.
The beamlet module is not limited to a full fiber laser and may be any laser including a multi-beam laser output fiber.
The output laser of the tail fibers of the plurality of sub-beam modules needs to be linearly polarized light in the same direction, the phase is locked, and the power of each light beam is the same.
Assuming that the refractive indices of the core and the cladding of the square optical fiber are respectivelyn 1 Andn 2 assuming that the optical field is incident on the square fiber from z =0, the eigenmodes of the laser waveguide will be excited in the fiber, and the linear superposition of these laser modes will constitute the field distribution on any cross section of the fiber. When the mode excited by the incident field is transmitted to any position z of the optical fiber, the field distribution and the field strength on the corresponding cross section are respectively as follows:
Figure 827892DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(1)
Figure 682716DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
(2)
in the above formula
Figure 868978DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
For the eigenmode field, in an ideal optical waveguide, the eigenmode field remains constant, as in equation (2)
Figure 201870DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Positive or negative when the absolute value is taken, i.e. it is
Figure 547401DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Is shown as
Figure 573126DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
The power proportion of each mode in the optical waveguide, which is generally determined by the input field and the eigenmode field,
Figure 246684DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
also positive or negative, taking the absolute value, i.e. after
Figure 117688DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Is referred to as
Figure 583304DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The power proportion of each mode in the optical waveguide,
Figure 248772DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
refers to the eigenmode field of each order of guided mode,
Figure 409626DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 84321DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
is the ordinal number of each mode of the order,
Figure 404444DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
and
Figure 506392DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
are respectively the first
Figure 420121DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
And
Figure 367349DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
the longitudinal propagation constant of the mode, the second term on the right side of the formula (2) is the product sum of mode fields with different mode field sequence numbers, and the cross term of mode field coherent superposition is calculated. When in use
Figure 807557DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
(N is an arbitrary integer), phase factor
Figure 814828DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Is a constant, cross term
Figure 215853DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The distribution of the input field is reproduced at the position to form self-imaging of the input field, and the self-imaging process can periodically decompose the field distribution transmitted in the square optical fiber into a state of multiple optical field distribution and then synthesize the state of single-component field distribution, and the process is completely finished by self-organization adjustment of guided modes in the square optical fiber and is a coherent superposition process. According to the principle that the optical path is reversible, after a plurality of laser beams are injected into the square optical fiber from the multiple imaging position of the square optical fiber, the laser beams are combined at the incident position of the optical field, so that under the condition that the input fields meet certain conditions, the input fields are coherently superposed in the square optical fiber to form proper field distribution, and then the coherent combination of the plurality of laser beams is realized.
Example 1
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, taking coherent synthesis of 4 optical fibers as an example, arranging the 4 optical fibers into a 2 × 2 array in a combiner, dividing a square optical fiber into 4 square sub-regions, vertically connecting the 4 optical fibers with corresponding regions in the square optical fiber, and ensuring that the center of an optical fiber and the center of the corresponding square sub-region are in contact with each otherThe heart coincides. The output light beams of the 4 optical fibers are combined by the square optical fiber beam combiner to obtain the quality M of the combined light beam2=1.16, the beam combining efficiency of the laser beam combining system is 99.3%, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the beam combined by the present embodiment has no beam side lobe.
Example 2
In this embodiment, taking coherent synthesis of 9 optical fibers as an example, the 9 optical fibers are arranged in a 3 × 3 array, the square optical fiber is divided into 9 square sub-regions, the 9 optical fibers are vertically connected with the corresponding square sub-regions in the square optical fiber, and the center of the optical fiber is ensured to coincide with the center of the corresponding square sub-region. The output laser of 9 optical fibers is combined by the square optical fiber beam combining module to obtain the beam quality M of the combined beam2Less than 1.3, and the beam combining efficiency of the laser beam combining system is more than 99%.
In summary, it can be seen that the laser beam combining system disclosed in the present invention can implement a laser beam combining technology based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle with a simple structure, the laser beam combining system has the capability of eliminating side lobes of a combined beam, and can implement a combined beam quality close to 1, and a combined beam efficiency close to 100%, and the beam combining system replaces a complex spatial optical structure in the prior art with an all-fiber system including a square fiber, so that the laser beam combining system based on the optical waveguide self-imaging principle has a simpler structure, and improves the stability of the beam combining system.

Claims (5)

1. A laser beam combining system based on a square optical fiber beam combiner is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a sub-beam module, a beam combiner, a phase control module and a laser detector; the sub-beam module, the beam combiner and the laser detector are sequentially connected along the laser transmission direction, and the phase control module is respectively connected with the sub-beam module and the laser detector; the beamlet module comprises a plurality of optical fibers; the beam combiner includes: the fiber core cross section of the square optical fiber is divided into a plurality of square sub-area arrays consistent with the arrangement arrays of the plurality of tail fibers, the plurality of tail fibers are vertically connected with the square optical fiber, and the center of the fiber core of each tail fiber is superposed with the center of the square sub-area of the fiber core cross section of the corresponding square optical fiber; the length of the square optical fiber meets the requirement of optical waveguide self-imaging.
2. The square fiber combiner-based laser beam combining system of claim 1, wherein the glass tube is sized according to the number of pigtails arranged inside.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the structure of the square optical fiber is any optical fiber structure including a square core.
4. The square fiber combiner-based laser beam combining system of claim 1, wherein the beamlet module comprises, but is not limited to, a full fiber laser.
5. The laser beam combining system based on the square optical fiber beam combiner of claim 1, wherein the output laser beams of the plurality of pigtails are linearly polarized light in the same direction, are phase-locked, are single-mode laser beams, and have the same power.
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