CN111961501A - Counter-flow type high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification process and device - Google Patents

Counter-flow type high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification process and device Download PDF

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CN111961501A
CN111961501A CN202010574452.6A CN202010574452A CN111961501A CN 111961501 A CN111961501 A CN 111961501A CN 202010574452 A CN202010574452 A CN 202010574452A CN 111961501 A CN111961501 A CN 111961501A
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coal
gasification
gasification furnace
lock hopper
raw material
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杨建平
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a coal gasification method, which comprises the following steps: (1) inputting raw material coal into the gasification furnace from the upper part of the gasification furnace through a periodically pressurized coal lock hopper; (2) spraying a gasifying agent into the gasification furnace through a nozzle positioned at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and carrying out countercurrent contact on the raw material coal and the gasifying agent to react; (3) the crude gas is collected and washed from the top of the gasification furnace, and liquid ash is discharged from the bottom of the gasification furnace. The invention also provides coal gasification equipment, which comprises a coal bunker, a coal lock hopper and a gasification furnace; the coal bunker is arranged above the coal lock hopper and is used for containing raw material coal; the coal lock hopper is a pressure container, one end of the coal lock hopper is connected with the coal bunker through a coal chute, and the other end of the coal lock hopper is connected with a raw material coal inlet of the gasification furnace through a coal chute and used for periodically conveying the raw material coal to the gasification furnace; the gasification furnace is used for gasifying raw materials, the upper part of the gasification furnace is provided with a raw material coal inlet, and the bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with a nozzle used for spraying a gasification agent.

Description

Counter-flow type high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification process and device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal gasification processes, and particularly relates to a counter-flow high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification method and equipment.
Background
Coal gasification refers to a process technology in which coal containing C/H/O/N/S/main elements is gasified by combustion under a certain pressure under the action of a gasification agent (air/oxygen/steam) to generate a plurality of chemical element reactions, and finally, the elements in the coal are converted into coal gas. Coal gasification technology is widely applied to various fields of coal chemical industry, cogeneration, coal-to-natural gas, coal synthetic oil and the like. The existing coal gasification technologies are mainly popular: fixed bed gasification technology, fluidized bed gasification technology and entrained flow bed gasification technology. (see: chemical industry Press coal gasification technology). The coal water slurry of the entrained flow bed represents GE (Texco) and has high requirements on coal varieties, and meanwhile, the gasification furnace adopts a hot furnace wall, so that the refractory bricks have high manufacturing cost and short service life of less than 2 years. In China, a large amount of coal with ash fusion temperature higher than 1400 ℃ exists in coal reserves, and ash slag is easy to condense and block slag at a slag discharging port of a slag gasifier. The fixed bed gasification technology mainly represents a Lurgi furnace and a BGL gasification technology, the Lurgi furnace is mainly applied to coal chemical industry and coal-made natural gas, but the Lurgi furnace adopts solid-state slag discharge, has strict requirements on coal, low efficiency, low production capacity of a single furnace, large amount of generated waste water and high subsequent treatment cost, and is not suitable for the development of large-scale coal chemical industry. The BGL gasification technology mainly performs gasification reaction under the conditions of 2.5-4.0MPa pressure and 1300-1400 ℃ temperature, both the temperature and the pressure are lower, and the BGL gasification technology especially aims at the defect that the temperature and the pressure are lower due to the sudden leakage of the raw materials such as anthracite, coke and the like with high ash fusion point which need to be gasified at high temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a countercurrent high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification method and equipment aiming at the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a coal gasification process comprising:
(1) inputting raw material coal into the gasification furnace from the upper part of the gasification furnace through a periodically pressurized coal lock hopper;
(2) spraying a gasifying agent into the gasification furnace through a nozzle positioned at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and carrying out countercurrent contact on the raw material coal and the gasifying agent to react;
(3) the crude gas is collected and washed from the top of the gasification furnace, and liquid ash is discharged from the bottom of the gasification furnace.
Further, in the step (1), the raw material coal is input into the coal lock hopper, the inside of which is in a normal pressure state, when the raw material coal in the coal lock hopper reaches a preset amount, the pressure in the coal lock hopper is increased to be the same as the pressure in the gasification furnace, a lower lock hopper valve at the bottom of the coal lock hopper is opened, and the raw material coal is conveyed to the gasification furnace.
Further, the pressure inside the gasification furnace is 3.5 to 8.6MPa, preferably 4.0 to 6.8 MPa.
Furthermore, the inside of the gasification furnace is divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top, and the temperature is gradually decreased in a step-like manner; the temperature of the combustion section is 1800-2500 ℃, the temperature of the gasification section is 1100-1500 ℃, the temperature of the dry distillation section is 500-700 ℃, and the temperature of the drying section is 170-300 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), liquid ash enters the liquid slag chilling chamber from the bottom of the gasification furnace, is cooled to form vitreous solid slag, and is discharged.
A coal gasification device comprises a coal bunker, a coal lock hopper and a gasification furnace;
the coal bunker is arranged above the coal lock hopper and is used for containing raw material coal; the coal lock hopper is a pressure container, one end of the coal lock hopper is connected with the coal bunker through a coal chute, and the other end of the coal lock hopper is connected with a raw material coal inlet of the gasification furnace through a coal chute and used for periodically conveying the raw material coal to the gasification furnace; the gasification furnace is used for gasifying raw materials, the upper part of the gasification furnace is provided with a raw material coal inlet, and the bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with a nozzle used for spraying a gasification agent.
Furthermore, the gasification furnace adopts a double-pressure-bearing structure, and the inside of the gasification furnace adopts a water-cooled wall structure.
Further, the inside of the gasification furnace is divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top; the nozzle is arranged in the combustion section and is used for enabling the gasifying agent to flow in the gasification furnace in a vortex mode.
Further, a slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasification furnace is connected with a liquid slag chilling chamber to cool liquid ash slag.
Furthermore, a coal gas outlet at the top of the gasification furnace is sequentially connected with a washer and a gas washing tower so as to wash and cool the crude coal gas.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method and the equipment can be applied in a large scale, can be operated under variable working conditions, and have high carbon conversion rate, less residual carbon in the wastewater and less wastewater to be treated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the invention. The process of the present invention employs conventional methods or apparatus in the art, except as described below. The following noun terms have meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
Aiming at the problems of low efficiency, large waste discharge, low carbon conversion rate and the like in the conventional coal gasification process, the inventor of the invention provides a counter-flow high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification method and equipment suitable for implementing the method through research.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a countercurrent high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification method, comprising: (1) inputting raw material coal into the gasification furnace from the upper part of the gasification furnace through a periodically pressurized coal lock hopper; (2) spraying a gasifying agent into the gasification furnace through a nozzle positioned at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and carrying out countercurrent contact on the raw material coal and the gasifying agent to react; (3) the crude gas is collected and washed from the top of the gasification furnace, and liquid ash is discharged from the bottom of the gasification furnace.
In the step (1), raw material coal is input into a coal lock hopper with the interior in a normal pressure state, when the raw material coal in the coal lock hopper reaches a preset amount, the internal pressure of the coal lock hopper is increased to be the same as the internal pressure of the gasification furnace, a lower lock hopper valve at the bottom of the coal lock hopper is opened, and the raw material coal is conveyed to the gasification furnace.
In step (2), the pressure inside the gasification furnace is set to 3.5 to 8.6MPa, and preferably 4.0 to 6.8 MPa. The interior of the gasification furnace is divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top, and the temperature is gradually decreased in a stepped manner; the temperature of the combustion section is 1800-2500 ℃, the temperature of the gasification section is 1100-1500 ℃, the temperature of the dry distillation section is 500-700 ℃, and the temperature of the drying section is 170-300 ℃.
In the step (3), liquid ash enters a liquid slag chilling chamber from the bottom of the gasification furnace, is cooled to form vitreous solid slag, and is discharged.
The method of the invention is mainly improved from the following aspects:
firstly, the method adopts a special feeding mode, namely an intermittent pressure conveying mode to convey the raw material coal to the gasification furnace. When raw material coal is input into the coal lock hopper, the coal lock hopper is in a normal pressure state, when the raw material coal in the coal lock hopper reaches a preset amount, the internal pressure of the coal lock hopper is increased to be the same as the internal pressure of the gasification furnace, a lower lock hopper valve at the bottom of the coal lock hopper is opened, and the raw material coal is conveyed to the gasification furnace. The adoption of the feeding mode is beneficial to improving the gasification pressure of the raw material coal.
Secondly, raw material coal is input into the gasification furnace from the top of the gasification furnace, a gasification agent is input into the gasification furnace from the bottom of the gasification furnace, the interior of the gasification furnace is sequentially divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top according to the decreasing temperature, and the temperature of the combustion section is ensured to be 1800 ℃ to 2500 ℃, so that the raw material coal and the gasification agent are in countercurrent heat and mass transfer contact in the gasification furnace, and the gasification of the raw material coal is fully realized.
Through high-temperature, high-pressure and countercurrent contact, the production capacity of a single furnace of the gasification furnace is effectively improved, and the discharge amount of waste water and the residual carbon content in slag are reduced.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an apparatus for performing a counter-flow high temperature and high pressure coal gasification process, comprising: coal bunker, coal lock fill and gasification furnace. The coal bunker is arranged above the coal lock hopper and is used for containing raw material coal; the coal lock hopper is a pressure container, one end of the coal lock hopper is connected with the coal bunker through a coal chute, and the other end of the coal lock hopper is connected with a raw material coal inlet of the gasification furnace through a coal chute and used for periodically conveying the raw material coal to the gasification furnace; the gasification furnace is used for gasifying raw materials, the upper part of the gasification furnace is provided with a raw material coal inlet, and the bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with a nozzle used for spraying a gasification agent.
Wherein, the gasifier adopts two pressure-bearing structures. The inside water-cooling wall structure that adopts of casing, water-cooling wall adopt the total pressure design, and the pressure-bearing shell designs according to the cold wall. Hot water is fed into the water-cooled wall through multiple points, and the bottom of the water-cooled wall is ejected out and forcibly circulated. During normal operation, reaction heat in the gasification furnace transfers hot water steam to the water cooling wall, then the steam-water mixture is sent to the steam drum, and the separated steam is sent to the whole plant pipe network.
Wherein the interior of the gasification furnace is divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top; the nozzle is arranged in the combustion section, can be one nozzle or a plurality of nozzles, and is tangentially and uniformly arranged for enabling the gasifying agent to swirl upwards and downwards in the gasification furnace.
Wherein, set up a plurality of temperature check points (for example, 8 temperature check points, set up at every interval 1.5 m) on same cross section in the gasifier, can regard as the reference point of gasification temperature, can judge the state of hanging the sediment simultaneously.
Wherein, a slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasification furnace is connected with a liquid slag chilling chamber to cool liquid ash slag. Liquid ash and slag are injected into a liquid slag chilling chamber for cooling through a slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the liquid slag chilling chamber is positioned at the lower part of a furnace body of the gasification furnace, a chilling ring at the back is used for largely flushing water to rapidly chill high-temperature slag discharged from the furnace body and form glass slag, the glass slag flows downwards to a slag lock hopper and is periodically discharged through the slag lock hopper, tapered valves are respectively arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the slag lock hopper, and the discharge of the high-pressure slag and slag water is realized through the periodic opening and closing of the upper valve and the lower valve.
Wherein, a gas outlet at the top of the gasification furnace is sequentially connected with a scrubber (such as a Venturi scrubber) and a gas washing tower (such as a dynamic wave gas washing tower) to wash and cool the crude gas.
A preferred embodiment of the coal gasification process of the present invention is described below with reference to FIG. 1, as follows:
1. preparing raw material coal
The method has wide coal adaptability, and the raw material coal can be anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite and the like. Before gasification treatment, raw material coal is firstly screened and sorted, lump coal with the particle size of 8-50 mm is selected as a raw material and is conveyed to a distribution belt through a lifting belt, and then the raw material is supplied to a coal bunker of a gasification furnace, and the reserve capacity of the coal bunker under normal pressure meets the requirement that the gasification furnace can be continuously operated for 8 hours when coal supply stops.
2. Inputting raw material coal and gasifying agent
Raw material coal in the coal bunker periodically passes through a coal chute connected to an outlet of the coal bunker by means of gravity and enters a coal lock hopper at the lower part of the coal chute, the coal lock hopper is a pressure container, and hydraulic stop valves are arranged at the top and the bottom of the coal lock hopper to switch coal feeding. The coal lock hopper is periodically pressurized from atmospheric pressure to the gasifier pressure so that coal can be periodically added to the gasifier. Fully automatic operation under normal operation.
When raw material coal is added into the gasification furnace, the coal lock hopper is decompressed through the decompression valve in advance, the inside of the coal lock hopper is at normal pressure, when the coal lock hopper is filled with coal to a preset amount, the pressure of the gasification furnace is pressed to the coal lock hopper through the high-pressure coal lock gas pressurizing valve, then the pressurizing valve is closed to stop pressurizing, the lower lock hopper valve is opened, the raw material coal in the coal lock hopper downwards passes through the coal chute and slowly moves from the top to the bottom, and the raw material coal is input into the gasification furnace from a raw material inlet positioned at the upper part of the gasification furnace.
While the raw material coal is added, a gasifying agent is input from the bottom of the gasification furnace. The gasifying agent can be mixed gas of water vapor and oxygen, and the volume ratio of the water vapor to the oxygen can be 0.75-1.2. The gasifying agent is sprayed from a nozzle arranged at the bottom of the gasifying furnace in the radial direction.
3. Counterflow high temperature high pressure coal gasification
The raw material coal input from the upper part of the gasification furnace enters the gasification furnace by gravity and moves downwards to perform counter-current reaction with the gasification agent input from the bottom of the gasification furnace.
The gasification furnace is internally divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top. Gasifying agents (water vapor and oxygen are premixed through a pipeline) are sprayed from the bottom of the furnace through a burner. The oxygen rapidly reacts with the gasified carbon residue falling from the upper part of the gasification furnace to release a large amount of heat, and CO are generated2. The combustion section is in a high-temperature state, the temperature is more than or equal to 1800 ℃, ash slag is promoted to be melted to form free flowing liquid slag, and the liquid slag and solid granular carbon residue are captured on a water-cooled wall under the swirling flow action of a gasifying agent to form a layer of stable solid slag to protect the water-cooled wall. Meanwhile, the liquid slag keeps a certain liquid level height in the hearth of the gasification furnace, and as the density of solid carbon residue particles is less than that of the liquid slag, the solid carbon residue floats on the liquid surface and can further react with a gasification agent to reduce the carbon residue, the temperature in the slag pool is kept at about 1400 ℃, so that the slag is discharged in a liquid form, and the slag is prevented from being blocked. The high-temperature gas after combustion rises to a gasification section and mainly contains CO and CO2And steam which reacts with hot coal formed at the upper part of the furnace body to generate gasification reaction and CO and H2The synthesis gas has the advantages of balanced endothermic reaction, high temperature, high reaction speed and high production strength. The reaction temperature of the gasification section is 1100-1500 ℃, and higher CO and H can be obtained at higher gasification temperature2The concentration (more than or equal to 84 percent mol) of the gasification steam and the high temperature is beneficial to the decomposition of the gasification steam (the steam decomposition rate is more than or equal to 90 percent wt). The gasified hot gas has still high temperature (more than or equal to 1100 deg.c) and contacts with downward moving dry coal, and the raw coal is heated and dry distilled to release partial volatile matters, such as tar, light oil, naphtha, phenol, ammonia, fatty acid and light hydrocarbon. The hot gas leaving the dry distillation layer is in contact with coal at the top of the coal bed of the gasification furnace, and then is dried to remove moisture in the coal, the moisture is vaporized to enter the synthesis gas, and simultaneously the raw material coal is preheated. The gas leaving the gasifier has a high temperature of about 600 ℃ and enters the gas scrubbing.
4. Collecting and washing crude gas, discharging liquid ash
The liquid ash passes through a slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasification furnace and is sprayed into a liquid slag chilling chamber for cooling, the chilling chamber is positioned at the lower part of a hearth of the gasification furnace, a chilling ring at the back is used for largely flushing water, the high-temperature liquid ash discharged from the hearth is rapidly chilled to form glass slag materials, and the glass slag materials descend to a slag lock hopper.
The liquid ash slag forms vitreous solid slag after being quenched in the quenching chamber, the vitreous solid slag is periodically discharged through a slag lock hopper, tapered valves are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the slag lock hopper, and the discharge of high-pressure slag charge and slag water is realized through the periodic opening and closing of an upper valve and a lower valve.
The gas of 600 ℃ output from the gasification furnace directly enters a Venturi scrubber and a dynamic wave gas washing tower for washing, particles in the crude gas are effectively removed in a grading way, after cooling, the crude gas is finally sent out of a boundary area to a conversion section, the content of saturated water reaches 17%, and the conversion requirement is directly met.
During the coal lock pressure relief circulation period, the discharged crude gas can be collected into a coal lock gas cabinet, at the upstream of the gas cabinet, the coal lock gas (the coal lock gas refers to the coal lock gas from the gas cabinet and is compressed to be used as high-pressure coal lock gas) is washed by the coal gas from a circulating pump of a coal lock bucket purge gas washer in the coal lock gas washer, and the washed coal lock gas enters the coal lock gas cabinet through a coal lock gas washing separation tank. And pumping and circulating the gas water at the bottom of the coal gas locking washing separation tank by using a coal gas locking washing pump. The coal gas-locking gas holder is used for balancing and collecting unstable coal gas-locking, and the coal gas-locking is collected and then sent to the coal gas-locking compression device for recycling.
Compared with the existing fluidized bed method, the method and the equipment of the invention can be applied in large scale, can be operated under variable working conditions, and have high carbon conversion rate, less residual carbon in the wastewater and less wastewater to be treated. By calculation, in the method, the oxygen consumption is 260-480 Nm3Coal/t, gas production (CO + H)2+CH4) 72000Nm3/～75000Nm3The carbon conversion rate is up to more than 99%, the steam decomposition rate is more than 90%, the waste water amount is small, the slag amount is small, and the residual carbon amount in the slag is not more than 1%.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
The parameters of the raw coal used in the examples are as follows:
TABLE 1 coal Industrial data
Figure BDA0002550828800000071
TABLE 2 elemental analysis of coal
Figure BDA0002550828800000072
Example 1
The specific process is as follows:
raw material coal is conveyed to a gasification furnace from a coal bunker, the using amount of the raw material coal is 1251 t/day, and raw material is input from an inlet at the upper part of the gasification furnaceCoal is injected with a gasifying agent (the molar ratio of water vapor to oxygen is 1.195) from a nozzle at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and the raw material coal and the gasifying agent are subjected to gasification reaction. The pressure in the gasification furnace is 4.0Mpa, the temperature of the four sections is 1750 ℃ in the combustion section, 1500 ℃ in the gasification section, 450 ℃ in the dry distillation section and 180 ℃ in the drying section respectively. The amount of oxygen consumed in the gasification reaction was 13312 (Nm)3H)/99.6 v%, and the steam amount was 12785 kg/h. Collecting the crude gas (460 ℃) from a crude gas outlet at the top of the gasification furnace, and introducing the crude gas into a Venturi scrubber and a dynamic wave scrubber tower for scrubbing, wherein H in the crude gas2The amount of + CO is 66275Nm3H (83.88 v% dry basis), CH4Amount 6280Nm3H (7.95% v on a dry basis). Liquid ash is discharged from the bottom of the gasification furnace, the discharge amount is 9.6t/h, and the liquid ash is sprayed into a liquid slag chilling chamber for cooling.
Comparative example 1
The same coal quality, oxygen consumption and steam consumption as in example 1 were used, the gasifier was operated at 2.5MPa, and the four sections were operated at 1620 ℃ in the combustion section, 1200 ℃ in the gasification section, 420 ℃ in the dry distillation section and 160 ℃ in the drying section, respectively. H in crude gas2The amount of + CO is 55210Nm3H (78.14% dry basis), CH4Amount 7128Nm3H (7.95% dry basis), and the slag discharge amount is 10.7 t/h.
Comparative example 2
The same coal quality and the same combustion gasification temperature as those of example 1 were adopted, the gasifier was operated at 2.5MPa, and the four sections were 1750 ℃ for combustion, 1500 ℃ for gasification, 450 ℃ for dry distillation, 160 ℃ for drying and 18220 (Nm) for oxygen consumption, respectively3H)/99.6 v%. H in crude gas2The amount of + CO is 50905Nm3H (71.9% dry basis), CH4Amount 7105Nm3H (10.05% by volume on a dry basis), and a slag discharge of 9.7 t/h.
The present invention has been disclosed in the foregoing in terms of preferred embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that all changes and substitutions equivalent to those of the embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined in the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method of coal gasification, comprising:
(1) inputting raw material coal into the gasification furnace from the upper part of the gasification furnace through a periodically pressurized coal lock hopper;
(2) spraying a gasifying agent into the gasification furnace through a nozzle positioned at the bottom of the gasification furnace, and carrying out countercurrent contact on the raw material coal and the gasifying agent to react;
(3) the crude gas is collected and washed from the top of the gasification furnace, and liquid ash is discharged from the bottom of the gasification furnace.
2. The coal gasification method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the raw coal is fed into a coal lock hopper whose interior is in a normal pressure state, and when the raw coal in the coal lock hopper reaches a predetermined amount, the pressure in the coal lock hopper is increased to be equal to the pressure in the gasification furnace, and a lower lock hopper valve at the bottom of the coal lock hopper is opened to feed the raw coal to the gasification furnace.
3. The coal gasification process according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure inside the gasifier is 3.5 to 8.6MPa, preferably 4.0 to 6.8 MPa.
4. The coal gasification method according to claim 1, wherein the inside of the gasification furnace is divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top, and the temperature is gradually decreased in a stepwise manner; the temperature of the combustion section is 1800-2500 ℃, the temperature of the gasification section is 1100-1500 ℃, the temperature of the dry distillation section is 500-700 ℃, and the temperature of the drying section is 170-300 ℃.
5. The coal gasification method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the liquid ash enters the liquid slag chilling chamber from the bottom of the gasification furnace, is cooled to form solid vitreous slag, and is discharged.
6. The coal gasification equipment is characterized by comprising a coal bin, a coal lock hopper and a gasification furnace;
the coal bunker is arranged above the coal lock hopper and is used for containing raw material coal;
the coal lock hopper is a pressure container, one end of the coal lock hopper is connected with the coal bunker through a coal chute, and the other end of the coal lock hopper is connected with a raw material coal inlet of the gasification furnace through a coal chute and used for periodically conveying the raw material coal to the gasification furnace;
the gasification furnace is used for gasifying raw materials, the upper part of the gasification furnace is provided with a raw material coal inlet, and the bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with a nozzle used for spraying a gasification agent.
7. The coal gasification equipment according to claim 6, wherein the gasification furnace has a double pressure-bearing structure, and a water-cooled wall structure is adopted in the gasification furnace.
8. The coal gasification equipment according to claim 6, wherein the inside of the gasification furnace is divided into a combustion section, a gasification section, a dry distillation section and a drying section from bottom to top; the nozzle is arranged in the combustion section and is used for enabling the gasifying agent to flow in the gasification furnace in a vortex mode.
9. The coal gasification facility of claim 6 wherein a slag discharge at the bottom of the gasifier is connected to the liquid slag quench chamber to cool the liquid ash.
10. The coal gasification equipment according to claim 6, wherein the coal gas outlet at the top of the gasification furnace is connected with a scrubber and a scrubbing tower in sequence to scrub and cool the raw coal gas.
CN202010574452.6A 2020-06-22 2020-06-22 Counter-flow type high-temperature high-pressure coal gasification process and device Pending CN111961501A (en)

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CN103436296A (en) * 2013-09-11 2013-12-11 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 Slag gasifier for pressurized fixed bed
CN107446628A (en) * 2017-10-13 2017-12-08 江西昌昱实业有限公司 A kind of new fixed bed slag gasification reacting furnace and its gas making method

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CN103436296A (en) * 2013-09-11 2013-12-11 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 Slag gasifier for pressurized fixed bed
CN107446628A (en) * 2017-10-13 2017-12-08 江西昌昱实业有限公司 A kind of new fixed bed slag gasification reacting furnace and its gas making method

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