CN101108986B - Gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method - Google Patents

Gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101108986B
CN101108986B CN 200710018513 CN200710018513A CN101108986B CN 101108986 B CN101108986 B CN 101108986B CN 200710018513 CN200710018513 CN 200710018513 CN 200710018513 A CN200710018513 A CN 200710018513A CN 101108986 B CN101108986 B CN 101108986B
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China
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coal
gas
enters
dust
gasification
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CN 200710018513
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101108986A (en
Inventor
毛少祥
武晋强
王宁波
贺永德
王光彪
葛雄
台念强
石春梅
毕可军
汪刚
于海洋
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陕西华祥能源科技集团有限公司
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Abstract

An ash agglomerating fluidized bed gasification method is provided. First, the coal powder is added in a gasification furnace; the gasification agent enters the bottom of the gasification furnace through a nozzle of a gas distributor, a central tube and a ring canal to make the coal powder gasified to produce gas under the fluidization state; the gas enters a first dust collector cyclone and a secondary dust collector cyclone after entering a first steam generator from the top of the gasification furnace, and enters a secondary steam generator to produce the saturated steam and enters a steam superheater and a boiler feed water preheater to continuously recycle the after heat of the gas, and then enters a final washing and cooling tower of the gas to further remove dust and reduce temperature and send to a follow-up system after dust removal via a deduster. The invention adopts the theory of fluidization to add the powder coal of the raw materials continuously in the dense phase of the gasification furnace. The gasification agent is blown in from the bottom of the gasification furnace to make the coal particle boiled and fluidized. The gas phase and solid phase are fully mixed and contact under the high temperature caused by combustion to carry out the thermolysis and the viscosity of the coal and the oxidation-reduction reaction of the carbon to realize the complete gasification of the coal finally.

Description

A kind of gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fluidized bed coal gasification method, be specifically related to a kind of gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method.

Background technology

The coal gasification technology mainly can be divided into fixed bed (as UGI stove, Lurgi stove etc.), fluidized-bed (as HTW stove, U-gas stove etc.), air flow bed (as K-T stove, Texaco stove, Shell stove etc.) three classes.

Fixed-bed gasification furnace generally is raw material with lump coal, the screening scope is 6～50mm, coal and vaporized chemical carry out countercurrent flow in stove, the solid phase raw material is added by vapourizing furnace top, vaporized chemical autopneumatolysis furnace bottom blasts, the lime-ash that contains certain carbon residue is discharged from furnace bottom, contains hydro carbons and tar etc. in the coal gas of generation.

In the airflow bed gasification furnace, raw material fine coal (more than 70% with by 200 orders) is conveyed in the stove with vaporized chemical, with and stream mode in thermal-flame, react, temperature is very high in the stove, does not contain materials such as tar in the coal gas.Airflow bed gasification furnace also can be made fine coal coal water slurry charging (as the Texaco stove), but because moisture evaporation, so oxygen-consumption is higher.

The raw coal size of fluidized-bed is generally about 0～10mm, keeping under the effect of the vaporized chemical of feed coal successively and out of orderly seething with excitement and the suspended state motion from bottom to top, mix rapidly and heat exchange, whole bed temperature homogeneous, the coal gas and the lime-ash that produce are being derived near under the furnace temperature, thereby do not contain tar class material substantially in the coal gas.

The fluid bed powder coal gasification technology also can be divided at normal pressure (0.1Mpa) gasification technology and pressurization (〉 0.1Mpa) gasify two kinds.Atmospheric gasification technology throughput is lower, the required compression energy consumption of follow-up system height.The pressurized gasification technology can increase substantially throughput, reduces the follow-up system compression power consumption, obvious energy conservation.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adaptability to raw material strong, stable operation, immunity from interference is strong, and elasticity is (70～140%) greatly, are easy to realize the gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method of long-period stable operation.

For achieving the above object, the method of this bright employing is: at first with granularity less than 8mm, water content is delivered to coal bunker less than the coal dust of 5wt%, coal dust in the coal bunker enters load hopper through coal lock, and it is that 1050～1150 ℃, pressure are in the vapourizing furnace of 0.03～3.0MPa that the coal dust in the load hopper enters temperature through rotary pocket feeder, screw-type coal distributor and coal supply gravity pipe; Vaporized chemical enters the vapourizing furnace bottom through nozzle, pipe core, the endless tube of gas distributor and makes coal dust that broken sticking, devolatilization, the cracking of tar, the redox reaction of coal tar take place under fluidized state to separate gasification generation coal gas with cindery adhesive aggregation; Lime-ash through the cold slag machine of the successive ground warp spiral of gas distributor, endless tube of vapourizing furnace bottom, be subjected to slag bucket to fall into the slag lock to deliver to outside the battery limit (BL); After being entered first vapour generator and produced saturation steam by the vapourizing furnace top, the coal gas that generates enters the one-level tornado dust collector, the isolated carbon containing dust of one-level tornado dust collector further gasifies by the high-temperature zone that a spin material leg returns the emulsion zone of vapourizing furnace, the gas that goes out the one-level tornado dust collector enters the second cyclone dust extractor of one or two parallel running again, carbon containing dust in the further divided gas flow, isolated carbon containing dust returns the high-temperature zone of vapourizing furnace or discharges the battery limit (BL) by ash bucket, ash lock, spiral ash cooler by two spin material legs; Coal gas enters second vapour generator and produces saturation steam and enters vapor superheater and feedwater preheater continuation recovery coal gas waste heat after the second cyclone dust extractor dedusting; The coal gas that goes out feedwater preheater is sent into follow-up system through entering after the further dedusting of fly-ash separator after coal gas finally washs the further dedusting cooling of cooling tower.

The pressure of load hopper of the present invention is higher than the pressure of vapourizing furnace.

The present invention utilizes the fluidization principle, and raw material fine coal is added the vapourizing furnace emulsion zone continuously, and vaporized chemical (pure oxygen, carbonic acid gas and steam) is blown into from the vapourizing furnace bottom, makes coal grain boiling fluidisation.Under the hot conditions that burning produces, the pyrolysis of coal, the redox reaction of breaking sticking and carbon take place in the contact of gas-solid two-phase thorough mixing, finally realize being gasified totally of coal.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a gas distributor structure diagram of the present invention;

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is made up of coal system, fluidized gasification system, dreg removing system, dust removing system, Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS), dust-removal system and gas washing cooling system;

Described coal system is made up of the coal bunker 1 that links to each other successively, coal lock 2, load hopper 3, rotary pocket feeder 4, screw-type coal distributor 5 and coal supply gravity pipe 6;

Described fluidized gasification system is made up of vapourizing furnace 8 and gas distributor 9, and wherein vapourizing furnace is connected with coal supply gravity pipe 6;

Described dreg removing system by the cold slag machine 12 of the spiral that is connected with vapourizing furnace 8, formed by slag bucket 13, slag lock 14;

Described Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS) is made up of first vapour generator 7, second vapour generator 21, vapor superheater 22 and feedwater preheater 23 that the upper end with vapourizing furnace 8 links to each other;

Described dust-removal system is made up of the one-level tornado dust collector 10 that are connected with first vapour generator 7, one or two second cyclone dust extractor in parallel 15 and degree of depth fly-ash separator 20;

Described dust removing system is made up of be subjected to ash bucket 17, ash lock 18 and the spiral ash cooler 19 that are connected with second cyclone dust extractor 15;

Described gas washing cooling system is made up of the washing cooling tower 24 that is connected with degree of depth fly-ash separator 20.

Referring to Fig. 2, gas distributor 9 of the present invention is made up of the pipe core 26, the endless tube 27 that are opened in the nozzle 25 on its sidewall and be arranged under it.

Gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method is as follows: at first with granularity less than 6mm, water content is delivered to coal bunker 1 less than the coal dust of 5wt%, coal dust in the coal bunker 1 enters load hopper 3 through coal lock 2, and it is that 1050～1150 ℃, pressure are in the vapourizing furnace 8 of 0.03～3.0MPa that the coal dust in the load hopper 3 enters temperature through rotary pocket feeder 4, screw-type coal distributor 5 and coal supply gravity pipe 6; Enter screw-type coal distributor 5 and load hopper 3 for preventing that coal gas from flowing backwards, the pressure of load hopper 3 is set and is higher than vapourizing furnace 8 pressure 0.005MPa;

Vaporized chemical after metering enters vapourizing furnace 8 bottoms through the nozzle of gas distributor 9 or porous plate 25, pipe core 26, endless tube 27 and makes coal dust that broken sticking, devolatilization, the cracking of tar, the redox reaction of coal tar take place under fluidized state to separate with cindery adhesive aggregation, and the coal gas composition that gasification generates mainly comprises CO, H 2, CO 2, CH 4, N 2, H 2S and participate in the water vapor of reaction; The coal gas that gasification generates; Lime-ash through gas distributor 9, the cold slag machine 12 of endless tube 27 successive ground warp spirals of vapourizing furnace 8 bottoms, be subjected to slag bucket 13 to fall into slag lock 14, regularly deliver to outside the battery limit (BL);

Go out about 1000 ℃ of the gas temperature of vapourizing furnace 8, (saturated vapour pressure 0.5～3.82MPa) after entering first vapour generator 7 and produce saturation steam by vapourizing furnace 8 tops, gas temperature is reduced to about 850 ℃, go out the gas that first vapour generator 7 reclaims behind the sensible heats and enter one-level tornado dust collector 10 (high temperature resistant lining equipment), one-level tornado dust collector 10 isolated carbon containing dust further gasify by the high-temperature zone that a spin material leg 11 returns vapourizing furnace 8 emulsion zones.(dust content of gas is reduced to about 30g/Nm to go out the gas of one-level tornado dust collector 10 3) enter the second cyclone dust extractor 15 (high temperature resistant lining equipment) of one or two parallel running again, carbon containing dust in the further divided gas flow, isolated carbon containing dust returns vapourizing furnace 8 high-temperature zones or discharges the battery limit (BL) by recovery system (being subjected to ash bucket 17, ash lock 18, spiral ash cooler 19) humidification or dry method by two spin material legs 16.

Coal gas (dust content of gas is reduced to about 5～10g/Nm3, and temperature is reduced to about 820 ℃) after second cyclone dust extractor 15 dedustings enters second vapour generator 21 and produces saturation steam (saturated vapour pressure 0.5～3.82MPa).The coal gas that goes out second vapour generator 21 enters vapor superheater 22 and feedwater preheater 23 continue to reclaim the coal gas waste heats after, temperature is reduced to about 200 ℃.The steam part that first vapour generator 7 and second vapour generator 21 produce is sent into this device and is used by oneself after vapor superheater 22 is overheated, another part is sent into the factory steam pipe network.

The coal gas that goes out feedwater preheater 23 through in, (dust content of gas is reduced to about 10mg/Nm after the 20 further dedustings of degree of depth fly-ash separator 3), enter coal gas and finally wash the further dedustings cooling of cooling tower 24 back (dust content of gas is less than 5mg/Nm 3, temperature is reduced to about about 40 ℃) and send into follow-up system.

Because the present invention has adopted ash to melt poly-and selectivity ash discharge technology, overcome general fluidized-bed to the high reactivity of feed coal require, cohesiveness restriction and can not improve defective such as service temperature, relaxed requirement greatly, can adapt to " three high one is low " coal (being high-sulfur, high ash, high ash melting point and low activity coal) feed coal.Biomass, brown coal, bituminous coal, hard coal, coke powder and refinery coke can melt the raw material of poly-coal gasification as ash, and adaptability to raw material is strong, helps implementing raw material supply localization, variation.

Employing effectively utilizing the fine coal resource, adapting under the situation of modernization coal mining requirement, greatly reduces the processing costs into the stove coal less than the coal dust of 8mm.

Improved transformation efficiency greatly, effectively pneumatolytic branch (CO+H 2): 70～80% (normal pressure: 70～72%, pressurization: 75～80%); Efficiency of carbon conversion: 95～96%; Thermo-efficiency: 75～80%.

Realize long period, smooth running easily, safe and reliable, Gong the rate height of device

(1) vapourizing furnace belongs to the single hop fluidized-bed, and is simple in structure;

(2) no drive disk assembly in the stove, easy to maintenance, workload is little;

(3) stable operation, immunity from interference is strong, and elasticity big (70～140%) is easy to realize long-period stable operation.

Adapt to the environmental requirement of increasingly stringent, can accomplish " three wastes " harmless treatment and discharging.Gasification reaction bed temperature of reaction is high and evenly, the residence time is moderate, and no tar and polyphenols in the gaseous constituent make gas liquor get final product reuse behind simple stripping or carry out biochemical treatment.In addition, but equal recycling such as vapourizing furnace deslagging, ash discharge.

The present invention is according to different scales and purposes (fuel gas, synthetic gas, synthetic ammonia, alcohol etc.), and gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method can have Quench or pot destroying process; Vaporized chemical can adopt different medias such as air, pure oxygen, oxygen enrichment, water vapor/carbonic acid gas.

Claims (2)

1. gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method is characterized in that:
1) at first with granularity less than 8mm, water content is delivered to coal bunker (1) less than the coal dust of 5wt%, coal dust in the coal bunker (1) enters load hopper (3) through coal lock (2), and it is that 1050～1150 ℃, pressure are in the vapourizing furnace (8) of 0.03～3.0MPa that the coal dust in the load hopper (3) enters temperature through rotary pocket feeder (4), screw-type coal distributor (5) and coal supply gravity pipe (6);
2) nozzle (25), pipe core (26), the endless tube (27) of vaporized chemical through gas distributor (9) enters vapourizing furnace (8) bottom and makes coal dust that broken sticking, devolatilization, the cracking of tar, the redox reaction of coal tar take place under fluidized state to separate gasification generation coal gas with cindery adhesive aggregation; Lime-ash through the endless tube (27) of the gas distributor (9) of vapourizing furnace (8) bottom successively the cold slag machine of ground warp spiral (12), be subjected to slag bucket (13) to fall into slag lock (14) to deliver to outside the battery limit (BL);
3) coal gas of Sheng Chenging enters one-level tornado dust collector (10) after being entered first vapour generator (7) and produced saturation steam by vapourizing furnace (8) top, the isolated carbon containing dust of one-level tornado dust collector (10) further gasifies by the high-temperature zone that a spin material leg (11) returns the emulsion zone of vapourizing furnace (8), the gas that goes out one-level tornado dust collector (10) enters the second cyclone dust extractor (15) of one or two parallel running again, carbon containing dust in the further divided gas flow, isolated carbon containing dust returns the high-temperature zone of vapourizing furnace (8) or passes through ash bucket (17) by two spin material legs (16), ash lock (18), spiral ash cooler (19) is discharged the battery limit (BL);
4) coal gas enters second vapour generator (21) and produces saturation steam and enters vapor superheater (22) and feedwater preheater (23) continuation recovery coal gas waste heat after second cyclone dust extractor (15) dedusting;
5) coal gas that goes out feedwater preheater (23) is sent into follow-up system through entering after the further dedusting of fly-ash separator (20) after coal gas finally washs the further dedusting cooling of cooling tower (24).
2. gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pressure of said load hopper (3) is higher than the pressure of vapourizing furnace (8).
CN 200710018513 2007-08-21 2007-08-21 Gray melting poly-fluid bed powder coal gasification method CN101108986B (en)

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CN101781580B (en) * 2009-12-03 2012-10-17 刘宏建 Grading pressurization and depressurization method of pressure gasification furnace coal lock
CN102242005A (en) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-16 中国石油化工集团公司 Coal gasification device utilizing coal melting collection and high-temperature waste heat recovering method
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CN103013583B (en) * 2012-12-05 2014-05-21 浙江大学 Process for dust removing, cooling and tar oil recovering of pyrolysis coal gas
CN103224813B (en) * 2013-04-15 2014-11-05 中国五环工程有限公司 Pressurized fluidized bed technology for coal gasification and pressurized fluidized bed system
CN104232120B (en) * 2013-06-10 2017-03-29 何巨堂 It is a kind of to drop grey method using series fluidized bed powdery carbon material
CN104403692B (en) * 2014-12-11 2016-08-24 赛鼎工程有限公司 The gasification of broken coal slag produces the Processes and apparatus of clean gas
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