CN111960889A

CN111960889A - Extracting solution for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests

Info

Publication number: CN111960889A
Application number: CN202010865786.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张悦
Original assignee: Beijing Huiyuan Eco Tech Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Huiyuan Eco Tech Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-25
Filing date: 2020-08-25
Publication date: 2020-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-25
Also published as: CN111960889B

Abstract

The invention discloses an extracting solution for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which is obtained by carrying out thermokalite reaction on activated sludge, is used for the surface or root soil of plants when in use, and has the characteristics of fertilizer synergism and the effect of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. The extracting solution disclosed by the invention is a sludge extracting solution, can solve the problem of sludge pollution, can change waste into valuable, and is used for plant fertilizers and medicines for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. The sludge extracting solution is actually a biostimulant or called biostimulant.

Description

Extracting solution for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests

Technical Field

The invention relates to an extracting solution for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, belonging to the field of agriculture.

Background

The activated sludge is solid and floc substances generated in the process of biochemical treatment of domestic sewage. The activated sludge treatment is a process of carrying out reduction, stabilization and innocent treatment on the activated sludge. The higher the degree of wastewater treatment, the more sludge residue will be produced to be treated. A general sewage treatment plant must be provided with a sludge treatment facility unless the sewage is treated using land treatment or a sewage pond. The general sludge treatment process can produce solid or liquid fertilizers. The invention prepares the multipurpose plant protection nutrient solution with sterilization, bacteriostasis and disinsection by a sludge treatment method, can prevent plant diseases and insect pests, has the function of improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, and reduces the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides the liquid for plants.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: an extract for controlling plant diseases and insect pests, which is obtained by reacting hot alkali of activated sludge; the extract can be applied to plant leaf surfaces to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.

The invention discloses a method for reducing the usage amount of a chemical fertilizer in a plant planting process, which is characterized in that 50-90% of the chemical fertilizer is replaced by an activated sludge extracting solution; wherein the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by performing thermokalite reaction on activated sludge and filtering; preferably 55-85% of the fertilizer, more preferably 60-85% of the fertilizer, more preferably 65-80% of the fertilizer; wherein said reducing the amount of fertilizer used during plant growing does not result in a reduction of more than 10% in plant yield or growth.

The invention discloses a liquid for peach trees, which is characterized in that the liquid is an activated sludge extracting solution; the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by hot alkali reaction of activated sludge; the peach tree liquid has the effects of preventing insects and diseases.

The invention discloses a plant foliar liquid which is characterized by being a sludge extracting solution; the extracting solution obtained by the sludge through the thermokalite reaction is applied to the leaf surface or the surface of the plant, so that the fertilizer has the performance of the fertilizer and can prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests.

The invention discloses a method for reducing the usage amount of pesticides by using sludge extract, which is characterized in that activated sludge is subjected to thermokalite reaction, extract is obtained by filtering, and the extract is applied to the surface or the root of a plant.

According to a preferred embodiment, the plant comprises a peach tree, a pear tree, a loquat tree, a broccoli, a leafy plant, or the like.

According to a preferred embodiment, the extract is applied to the surface or roots of the plant.

According to a preferred embodiment, the extract is used in combination with other plant nutrients.

According to a preferred embodiment, the extract is a concentrated solution, and is used after adding water in a certain proportion.

According to a preferred embodiment, the extraction step of the extraction liquid is:

mixing and heating activated sludge and alkaline substances at the temperature of 80-150 ℃;

standing, or stirring, or mechanically separating;

filtering to obtain sludge extract;

wherein the alkaline substance is at least one of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.

The invention discloses a liquid for plants, which is characterized by comprising a sludge extracting solution and common pesticides; wherein the common pesticide accounts for 0.1 to 3 percent of the total weight by weight of the effective components.

The invention discloses a method for reducing the usage amount of pesticides, which is characterized by using a plant liquid, wherein the plant liquid comprises a sludge extracting solution and common pesticides; wherein the common pesticide accounts for 0.1-3% of the total weight of the active ingredients, the usage amount of the pesticide is reduced by more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, more preferably more than 70%, more preferably more than 80%, more preferably more than 90%, and more preferably more than 95%.

According to a preferred embodiment, the organic plant is grown without the use of specific pesticides including, but not limited to, difenoconazole, diniconazole, bacillus thuringiensis, thifluke chlorofluorocarbon, carbendazim, fluazifop-methyl, pyrafluthrin, cypermethrin, boron-p-methyl, phenthoate, imidacloprid, sodium nitrophenolate, pymetrozine, mancozeb, homochloe, kasugamycin, calcium doxofume, mikimamine, triamcinolone, etc

Phosphorus, chlorfenapyr, benziothiazolinone, omethoate, constantan calcium, oxine-copper, emamectin benzoate, chlorthalonil, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, thiazine, chlorpyrifos, vermectin, benzazole, propiconazole, cyclopentasite, marathon and acetamiprid.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the liquid for plants of the present invention has strong fertilizer performance.

2. The liquid for plants of the present invention has an unexpected effect on prevention of pests and diseases. The results show that not only aphids and other insect pests but also diseases such as deadwood disease can be effectively prevented and controlled on the honey peaches, and the comparison with the conventional pesticide shows that the yield of fruit trees is greatly improved.

3. The plant liquid has good control effect on diseases and insects of a plurality of common leafy plants of pear trees, loquat trees and the like.

4. The plant liquid provided by the invention has obvious increase or improvement on the beneficial microbial community of soil around the root system of the plant. The liquid for plants has an obvious effect on not only the leaves of the plants but also the roots of the plants. This significantly reduces the use of pesticides, while replacing or reducing conventional fertilizers and pesticides, and achieves better results.

5. The liquid for plants of the present invention can be used in combination with conventional pesticides or fertilizers. The liquid for plants can improve beneficial microbial flora in soil, promote the absorption of other nutrients such as nitrogen and the like, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and the like, has higher utilization rate and does not have sequelae of using the chemical fertilizers or pesticides.

6. The active sludge extracting solution is actually a new biological stimulator or is called plant microbial stimulator. This has never been proposed before. The activated sludge extracts the biostimulation, and has more comprehensive functions and better effects than the common biostimulation, which has not been found before.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the detection results of important elements in the extract;

FIG. 2 shows the amino acid detection results of the extract;

FIG. 3 is a comparison of honey peach results;

FIG. 4 shows the results of the microbial community composition measurements;

FIG. 5 shows the comparison of the effect of the extract on blackheart disease;

FIG. 6 is a photograph of a leaf roller before spraying;

figure 7 is a photograph of a leaf roller carcass after spraying.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

Activated sludge is a collective name of microbial communities and organic and inorganic substances attached to them, and it was discovered in 1912 by Clark (Clark) and Gage (Gage) in the uk that activated sludge can be classified into aerobic activated sludge and anaerobic granular activated sludge, and activated sludge is mainly used for treating sewage. The activated sludge process is an aerobic, facultative or anaerobic process for treating sewage by using suspended growth microbial flocs. The activated sludge in the invention refers to a product in a sewage treatment process.

The plant liquid of the invention is essentially a sludge extract. Generally, alkaline calcium substances such as quicklime and the like are added firstly, then under the action of mechanical force or long-time action, effective components in sludge are extracted, and finally, concentrated liquid for plants is obtained through concentration according to specific requirements. The sludge extract is alkaline as a whole due to the addition of the quicklime substances; in particular, the chelated calcium generated by calcium and high-concentration organic matters under the high-temperature reaction condition has obvious effects of increasing the plant nutrient supply and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.

The extraction process of the sludge. Common thermal subtraction is possible, but there is some reduction in efficiency and effectiveness. For example, in the case of the hot subtraction extraction, if the high-speed stirring step is not added, the treatment time needs to be prolonged by 2 times or more, and the extraction efficiency of the biomass can be reduced by 20% or more.

Common uses for activated sludge treatment products are primarily fertilizers. Particularly, the sludge extract also has the functions of sterilization, insect prevention and disease prevention. Simultaneously, the sludge extracting solution also has the function of improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer.

In the process of extracting the sludge extracting solution, calcium oxide alkaline substances play a plurality of roles. When the plants are used for preventing insects and diseases by only using calcium oxide substances, the effects are very small, and a lot of side effects are generated. Bordeaux mixture is an effective medicine for preventing diseases and pests. However, pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture are not widely used due to their conflict with various fertilizers, do not act to add beneficial substances to plant foliage, and contain a large amount of copper, and are not completely harmless.

The sludge extract disclosed by the invention is treated by calcium oxide calcium-containing alkaline substances, so that the sludge extract not only has the effect of preventing plant diseases and insect pests, but also has the effects of sterilizing and preventing diseases, and experimental results show that the yield of a plurality of plants is greatly increased. Different from the existing medicines or using methods. The sludge extract is a substance which is more natural and has the functions of fertilizer synergism and disease and insect pest prevention.

The sludge extract disclosed by the invention is converted from activated sludge, so that the sludge extract contains more beneficial components close to microorganisms, is beneficial to the propagation or increase of beneficial microorganisms in soil around a plant root system, and inhibits the survival of harmful microorganisms from another aspect. The principle study cannot completely explain the phenomenon from the mechanism, but the test results clearly show the conclusion.

Mechanism and discussion: the specific mechanism is not clear. Guessing can be made from a number of aspects. First, the control effect on plant diseases and insect pests cannot be explained from the contents of various elements in the sludge extract. In the conventional theory, the reasonable construction of the biological environment is more beneficial to the resistance of plant diseases and insect pests. There are some studies or phenomena that indicate that there are fewer pests when using organic nutrients, and a possible mechanism is attributed to the lower nitrogen content. The density of sogatella furcifera in organic rice fields in japan is significantly lower than in conventional rice fields, and this result may also be attributed to the lower nitrogen content. However, it is obvious that economic plants, if not compounded with pesticides or fertilizers, will develop significant pests and grow poorly. The nitrogen content of the sludge extract liquid of the present invention is relatively low, and for example, the nitrogen content of the raw liquid in example 2 is about 3300 mg/kg. The number is far lower than the nitrogen content used by the fertilizer, but the results of some examples show that the biological nutrient solution improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and reduces the using amount of the fertilizer through the action of soil microorganisms. The liquid for plants can also shape a good microbial environment, and is beneficial to the growth and propagation of beneficial microorganisms in soil, so that organic nitrogen in the soil is more effectively utilized, meanwhile, the absorption and utilization efficiency of inorganic nitrogen by the plants is promoted, the use of fertilizers is reduced, and a better effect is achieved. Such results can be considered as experimental results and cannot be simply considered as inferences. When the sludge extracting solution is used for plant leaves, the degree of plant diseases and insect pests is also obviously reduced, and the sludge extracting solution is considered to have an obvious bacteriostatic action. This effect is believed to provide a reasonable environment for the plant, thereby enhancing resistance to pests. In addition, in the examples, the control of some pests such as small aphids is also obviously shown.

The invention discloses a plant foliar liquid, which is characterized in that the plant foliar liquid is an activated sludge extracting solution; the extracting solution obtained by the hot alkali reaction of the activated sludge is applied to the leaf surface or the surface of the plant, so that the activated sludge has the performance of a fertilizer and can prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests.

The invention discloses a method for reducing the usage amount of pesticides by using an activated sludge extracting solution, which is characterized in that the activated sludge is subjected to thermokalite reaction, the extracting solution is obtained by filtering, and the extracting solution is applied to the surface or the root of a plant.

According to a preferred embodiment, the plant comprises a peach tree, a pear tree, a loquat tree, a broccoli, a green leaf vegetable, and the like.

stirring, or high speed mechanical separation;

performing filter pressing to obtain an active sludge extracting solution;

The invention discloses a liquid for plants, which is characterized by comprising an activated sludge extracting solution and common pesticides; wherein the common pesticide accounts for 0.1 to 3 percent of the total weight by weight of the effective components.

The invention discloses a method for reducing the usage amount of pesticides, which is characterized by using a plant liquid, wherein the plant liquid comprises an activated sludge extracting solution and common pesticides; wherein the common pesticide accounts for 0.1-3% of the total weight of the active ingredients, the usage amount of the pesticide is reduced by more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, more preferably more than 70%, more preferably more than 80%, more preferably more than 90%, and more preferably more than 95%.

The invention discloses an activated sludge extracting solution. The extraction process mainly comprises the steps of adding alkaline substances such as calcium oxide and the like into the activated sludge, carrying out heating reaction, separating solid components, and concentrating to obtain the activated sludge. The step of concentrating the extract is not essential, and the concentration ratio may be controlled according to specific requirements, or the extract may not be concentrated. The general components of activated sludge are generally not very different and the moisture content may be significantly different. Patent CN202010083443.7 also discloses data related to activated sludge. Where necessary, portions of the disclosure of the patents cited in this application may be incorporated by reference into this application.

Biostimulant, also known as biostimulant, is a substance that is naturally occurring in nature, is rich in an active substance, and can act directly on plants without artificial chemical synthesis. Substances other than pesticides and hormones. The bio-stimulants generally do not have harmful effects on humans, animals, and the environment. The bio-stimulant is a kind of beneficial substances extracted by using substances existing in the nature. At present, the source of the bio-stimulant is narrow, the cost is high, and the bio-stimulant is not widely applied. By simple analogy, the bio-exciter is far more suitable and cheaper than the fertilizer pesticide with the same value.

The traditional biological stimulin has various sources, but generally does not have excellent antibacterial action, insecticidal action and the effects of preventing and treating plant diseases similar to the blight, the blackheart disease, the black leaf disease and the like. The general biological stimulin can enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of plants, but the general biological stimulin cannot play an obvious role after some plants are ill, such as the black heart disease and the black leaf disease of pear trees. Traditional biostimulants have not taken the place of pesticides.

Quite unexpectedly, the extract of activated sludge is also called biostimulant or biostimulant, or plant microbial stimulator. And its performance is very good. Not only has the effect of the traditional biological stimulator, but also can further treat the black heart disease and the black leaf disease of plants.

The traditional biological stimulator has single source and simple component extraction. The active sludge contains complex components, and the extracted extracting solution contains various amino acids and various other substances. Simple theory guesses that the product of this complex system is more comprehensive and suitable for plants than the traditional biostimulant from simple components.

In the invention, the activated sludge refers to a product of treating sewage by a biochemical method. Typical sludges, such as pond sludges, do not have this outstanding effect.

The activated sludge contains a large amount of microbial components and products, and belongs to a complex mixture. When the active components are extracted from the activated sludge, alkaline substances such as calcium oxide and the like are firstly utilized, and under the heating condition, various microorganisms are killed, the structures of the microorganisms are damaged, so that the subsequent extraction is facilitated; and various harmful heavy metal elements can be combined to form precipitates, so that the heavy metal elements in the extracting solution are prevented from exceeding the standard. Generally, a heating temperature of 100 ℃ to 140 ℃ is suitable, taking into consideration various aspects such as extraction efficiency and cost.

In the current activated sludge extraction, the protein is generally extracted or composted, and the activated sludge is not effectively utilized in the mode. For example, patent CN2020102548711 also mentions a method for extracting protein from sludge, but it does not find its application as biostimulant. Nor its effect on controlling plant pests. In the present application, a special comparison was made for the effect in this respect to confirm the effect thereof. It is very important that a simple protein solution is not essential for many plants. However, the significance of the extract is completely different when the extract has the functions of supplementing nutrition, replacing most of pesticides and replacing part of fertilizers. In the present application, the extracting solution can be applied not only to the leaf surface of the plant, but also directly to the vicinity of the root of the plant. The published results show that the extract has an effective action on plant roots and that the extract has a very good promoting action on soil microorganisms. In short, the combination of soil microorganisms, fertilizer material, the extract according to the invention and the plant, results in a better or more suitable environment for soil microorganisms, which may be responsible for a better development of the plant roots.

In alternative experiments, such as wheat and rice, where one plot was fertilized according to the conventional method and the other plot was added with the sludge extract according to the present invention, it was found that in the first year, the amount of fertilizer used was reduced by about: the usage amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer is reduced by about 70 percent, the usage amount of the phosphate fertilizer is reduced by about 50 percent, and the usage amount of the potash fertilizer is reduced by about 50 percent. When the proportional relation is achieved, the plant growth situations of the two plots are not greatly different. It is also noted that the method of using the sludge extract is to add it directly to water. If the spraying mode is used, the effect of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests on the leaf surfaces is achieved. In this case, the cost of using sludge extract is far lower than the cost of using fertilizer. For example, the cost is reduced by 50%, and the cost is further reduced by 80%.

There is no sufficient research evidence for large insect pests, such as bean worms, and the effect is unknown.

The use of the sludge extracting solution is particularly remarkable in the effect of leaf surfaces of annual relatively short plants. In many experiments, basically, the plant protection agent has defense and treatment effects on all common plant diseases. For example, the blight, black heart disease, black spot, black leaf disease and the like have obvious effects. The plant diseases are various, and according to experiments, the similar diseases do not appear after the extracting solution is used. More research is pending.

More precisely, the sludge extract belongs to a plant microbial stimulant and belongs to an improved plant stimulant. Not only supplements various nutrient components required by the plants, is beneficial to the growth of the plants, is more worthy of attention, and can prevent and treat various plant diseases and insect pests. This is an advantage not possessed by conventional phytostimulants.

The reaction of active sludge and calcium oxide and other calcium-containing alkaline matter belongs to the preparation process of chelated calcium. The components in the activated sludge contain various organic matters, and the organic matters react with calcium-containing alkaline substances such as calcium oxide and the like at high temperature to form chelated calcium. The chelated calcium is more easily absorbed and utilized by plants.

The method adopts a biochemical process to treat town sewage mainly comprising domestic sewage, and excess activated sludge containing a large amount of microorganism products is generated and discharged in the treatment process. The activated sludge comprises two major components of organic and inorganic components, wherein the organic component is usually 40-70%; the active ingredients of the organic component comprise: a. a microbial cell; b. a microbial extracellular polymer; c. sludge flocs (containing a part of inorganic components) formed by biological adsorption and biological flocculation; these three classes may also be collectively referred to as microbial products. The microbial product contains intracellular substances of about 0.5% by dry weight; the microbial extracellular polymer accounts for about 5-10%; sludge flocs account for about 90%. From the proportional sizes of the three substances, assuming that the structural model of the microbial product is a "comet structure", then: the 'comet nucleus' is a microbial cell; the 'comet head' is a microbial extracellular polymer, and the 'comet tail' is sludge floc formed by bioadsorption and bioflocculation. Particularly emphasized is "comet tail" -sludge floc, which is a substance selected by microbial life, contains a large amount of organic matter including humus, and is an important, indispensable microbial product.

The international definition of "Plant biostimulants" refers to a class of substances and/or microorganisms that, when applied to the foliage or root of plants, stimulate the natural physiological processes in the Plant body to improve nutrient absorption, nutrient utilization efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance and crop quality, and have efficacy independent of their nutritional components. There are four major groups of plant biostimulant products currently recognized worldwide: plant source (algae and plants) extract, microbial preparation (containing living microorganisms or microbial fermentation product), polypeptide and free amino acids (protein decomposition product, microbial fermentation purified product and others), humic acid and fulvic acid. One characteristic of plant biostimulants is the organic complex of active components. "plant microbial stimulants" as proposed herein, refers specifically to extracts of microbial metabolites derived from "activated sludge extracts" produced by the biochemical treatment of wastewater; given that microbial products are the only source and that negative ambiguities may arise from "stimulated" translations, and that "stimulation" reflects more subject interactions and positive effects, new terms are given: "plant microbial stimulants". Compared with internationally proposed "plant biostimulant", the "plant microbial stimulants" have equivalent or better effective components and plant-acting effects. The activated sludge has the diversity and richness of microorganisms, and compared with the plant biostimulant formed by other plant sources and animal protein sources, the plant microbial stimulants formed by extraction have better quality, and simultaneously reflect the characteristics of changing waste into valuable and realizing ecological circulation, and the technical and economic advantages are obvious.

Calcium is a necessary nutrient element for plants, can stabilize cell membrane and cell wall structures, and can regulate balance of anions and cations in vacuoles in a permeating way. Thereby achieving the effects of improving the quality of fruits and vegetables and reducing plant diseases and insect pests. But the conventional calcium fertilizer is difficult to move, easy to fix, difficult to carry out secondary distribution and low in absorption and utilization rate. By adopting a proper chelating technology, the organic matters and calcium are chelated with the organisms or 'ligands', so that the organic fertilizer has no defects of conventional calcium fertilizers and has more effects; especially, amino acid molecules and calcium ions are chelated together to form a micromolecule chelate-amino acid chelated calcium with a stable molecular structure, and the absorption and utilization rate is high. The activated sludge is rich in microbial biomass, including a large amount of organic matter and protein substances; under the conditions of high temperature and strong mechanical rotational flow, microbial protein is fully dissolved out and decomposed into small molecular peptides and amino acids, and simultaneously a large amount of soluble humus is formed, and is fully mixed and reacted with calcium oxide to form organic chelated calcium. The chelated calcium is defined as microbial biomass chelated calcium, which is called biomass chelated calcium for short. Wherein, the proportion of the amino acid chelated calcium is higher. The amino acid chelated calcium forms a slow-release flowing calcium reservoir after being absorbed by plants, and Ca2+ is released according to the needs of the plants during transportation and is absorbed and utilized by the plants, so that the problem that the Ca2+ is fixed and difficult to move caused by rapid rise in the plants is solved and can be reused by the plants.

The plant microbial stimulants stimulate the life activities of soil microbes, plant roots and systems to form life communities with mutual influence and interaction of multiple elements, and generate huge and unexpected comprehensive effects. The metabolite of the probiotic microorganism provided by the plant microorganism exciter greatly stimulates the multiplication of soil microorganisms, increases the selection pressure of the microorganisms, is beneficial to forming dominant flora for decomposing organic matters and nutrients, and inhibits the multiplication of harmful microorganisms. The probiotic microorganism can enhance the decomposition of organic matters and nutrient fertilizers remained in soil, especially the ammoniation effect on organic nitrogen; decomposing and converting fertilizer substances which are difficult to be absorbed and utilized by plants into energy and nutrition which are easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants. Can obviously improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the organic fertilizer. The plant microbial stimulant can promote the growth of plant root system and stimulate the production of root secretion, and the secretion can induce and stimulate soil microbe, so that the plant root system has greatly raised nutrient absorbing capacity and nutrient (fertilizer) utilizing efficiency. The plant microbial exciter is sprayed on the surfaces of plant leaves, branches, stems and fruits, and the substances such as polypeptide and the like can be directly absorbed, migrated and transported to become an important source of plant nutrition. The 'biomass chelated calcium' can be absorbed by plant roots and leaves, branches, stems and fruits of plants, so that the quality of the plants is obviously improved. The construction of a "life community" of plant health will produce four effects: firstly, the application amount of fertilizers, especially fertilizers, is reduced; secondly, the use of pesticide is basically avoided; thirdly, the fruit quality is improved, the 'medicine residue' is eliminated, and the real 'healthy food' is produced; and fourthly, the residue of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in the soil is greatly reduced, and the agricultural non-point source pollution is fundamentally reduced.

Plant and soil microbiota are critical to plant health and affect plant adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses. Beneficial soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia, are critical to the health and growth of plants. International leading-edge studies indicate that understanding the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and host plants, as well as the effects of AMF on root fungal communities and other soil microbial communities, helps to fully exploit their beneficial effects in field soil. The use of microbiome to optimize plant growth is currently an important direction of research. Case research shows that rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil have an inhibiting effect on banana wilt in a single-crop system consisting of a biological organic fertilizer and organic management. It was found that changes in the non-rhizosphere soil bacterial community induced changes in the rhizosphere soil bacterial community. The important roles of antibiotics secreted by bacteria and specific bacteria indicate the important roles of functional microorganisms in designing biological organic fertilizers for plant diseases. Wei et al (https:// doi. org/10.15302/J-FASE-2020346) propose a new concept of rhizosphere immunity. Plant immunity has long been recognized as a plant-centered process. The authors suggested that plant immunity, while considering the importance of plant-associated microorganisms and the rhizosphere environment, which is a component of plant immunity, suggests understanding the immune effects from the perspective of a multiorganic organism. The rhizosphere immunity provides a new angle for multidisciplinary crossing, combines plant pathology, microbiology, soil science and agriculture, and plays a role in agricultural sustainable development in the future. The sludge extract or the plant microliter stimulin is a process for solving the complex system of plants and the environment, reducing the chaos and enhancing the immunity from another aspect. The changes of the complex system can be generally evaluated from the performances of stress resistance or pest resistance of plants. In the first experiments, no one has expected that the extract of the sludge can achieve such excellent effects as enhancing stress resistance, preventing and treating various plant common diseases, and even preventing a great number of insect pests. The subsequent experimental effect is far beyond the expectation of the previous period. In theory, the combined concatenation of these things is also complex. There is no description or explanation of the mechanism of these effects, according to the literature. All mechanisms are currently under investigation.

Mixing activated sludge and calcium oxide through a mixer, wherein the calcium oxide is a calcium oxide solution or a calcium hydroxide solution, pressurizing the activated sludge to enter a pipeline type mixer, simultaneously injecting the calcium oxide solution or the calcium hydroxide solution according to a certain proportion, and uniformly mixing through the pipeline mixer, preferably injecting the calcium oxide solution or the calcium hydroxide solution, wherein the mass of the calcium oxide solution or the calcium hydroxide is 1.5-3.5% of the mass of the activated sludge with the solid content of 20%. The temperature is 100-140 ℃, preferably 120-130 ℃, and the action time is 30 minutes to 3 days, preferably 30-200 minutes, preferably 40-70 minutes.

A method of high speed mechanical cyclonic separation of activated sludge biomass, the biomass comprising extracellular material and intracellular material; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mechanical force of high-speed rotation is directly acted on the activated sludge to form hydraulic rotational flow at the same time; under the dual actions of crushing by high-speed mechanical force and hydraulic cyclone, the biomass substance of the activated sludge is separated and dissolved out.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

s100) feed mixing

Mixing activated sludge and calcium oxide;

s200), mechanical crushing, hydraulic cyclone, thermokalite reaction

The method comprises the following steps of directly acting a high-speed rotating mechanical force on a mixture of activated sludge and calcium oxide, forming hydraulic cyclone by the mixture of the sludge and the calcium oxide under the action of the high-speed rotating force, damaging cell walls of the activated sludge under the double actions of the high-speed rotating mechanical force and the hydraulic cyclone, and carrying out thermokalite reaction on the activated sludge and the calcium oxide in the process;

s300), cooling

Cooling the mixture after the mechanical crushing, the hydraulic cyclone and the thermokalite reaction in the step S200;

s400), filter pressing

Performing filter pressing on the mixture cooled in the step S300, preferably performing filter pressing by adopting a plate frame; and (4) separating the mixture cooled in the step (S300) into humic acid and protein nutrient solution and mud cakes.

A method for improving heating efficiency by mixing cold and hot sludge at high speed, wherein a predetermined amount of hot sludge is reserved in a reaction container before the cold sludge is added into the reaction container; and in the process of adding the cold mud into the reaction container, starting a stirring device in the reaction container, mixing the cold mud and the hot mud, and carrying out alkali-heat reaction in a heating state of the reaction container.

Further, the temperature of the hot mud is 120-140 ℃, preferably 130 ℃; the preset amount of the hot mud reserved in the reaction vessel is 30-40% of the designed volume of the reaction vessel.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

s100) discharging

Discharging the hot mud after the alkaline thermal reaction, discharging the hot mud from a discharge hole of the reaction container, and reserving a predetermined amount of hot mud in the reaction container;

s200), feeding

S210), cold mud enters the reaction container through a feed inlet of the reaction container, and a lower dispersing and stirring device at the bottom of the reaction container is started to start stirring;

s220), continuously feeding cold mud until the design volume of the reaction container is filled;

s300), stirring and hot alkali reacting

And (3) carrying out hot alkali reaction on the mixed hot mud and cold mud in a reaction vessel at a preset temperature until a preset time is reached, and then repeating the step S100.

Further, in step S220, the cold sludge is continuously fed until the designed volume of the reaction vessel is filled for 20 to 40 minutes, preferably 30 minutes.

Further, in step S210, the rotation speed of the dispersion stirring device at the lower part of the bottom of the reaction vessel is 400r/min-1000r/min, preferably 500r/min, 600r/min or 900 r/min.

Further, in step S300, the predetermined temperature is 120-; and/or the predetermined time is 20-50 minutes, preferably 30 or 40 minutes.

Further, the reaction container is provided with a heating device, and the heating device heats in the whole process of the steps S100-S300.

Further, a wall scraping stirring device is arranged in the reaction container, and the wall scraping stirring device is started in the whole process of the steps S100-S300.

Further, the high-speed mechanical crushing device comprises a reaction container, a heat insulation layer, a wall scraping stirring device, a lower dispersing stirring device and a steam heating pipeline; the reaction vessel is of a hollow structure, the upper part of the reaction vessel is provided with a feed inlet for entering a mixture of activated sludge and calcium oxide, and the bottom or the lower part of the reaction vessel is provided with a discharge outlet; a steam heating pipeline and a heat insulation layer are sequentially coated outside the side wall of the reaction vessel; the heat-insulating layer is provided with a steam inlet for steam to enter and a condensed water outlet for condensed water to be discharged; the wall scraping stirring device comprises a wall scraping stirring device driving motor, a wall scraping stirring device main shaft, a wall scraping device and a wall scraping connecting beam; the wall scraping stirring device driving motor is fixedly arranged at the top of the reaction container and is fixedly connected with the wall scraping stirring device main shaft, the wall scraping device and the wall scraping connecting beam are all arranged in the inner cavity of the reaction container, the wall scraping device is contacted with the inner wall of the reaction container, and the wall scraping stirring device main shaft is fixedly connected with the wall scraping device through the wall scraping connecting beam; the lower dispersing and stirring device comprises a lower dispersing and stirring device driving motor, a lower dispersing and stirring device main shaft and a lower dispersing and stirring device dispersion plate, the lower dispersing and stirring device driving motor is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the reaction vessel or the bottom of the reaction vessel is connected with the lower dispersing and stirring device main shaft, the lower dispersing and stirring device main shaft extends into the inner cavity of the reaction vessel, and the lower dispersing and stirring device dispersion plate is arranged on the lower dispersing and stirring device main shaft; preferably, the number of the lower dispersing and stirring devices is 1 or 2;

when the number of the lower dispersing and stirring devices is 1, the driving motor of the lower dispersing and stirring device is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the reaction container, and the lower part of the reaction container is provided with a discharge hole;

when the number of the lower dispersing and stirring devices is 2, the driving motor of the lower dispersing and stirring device is symmetrically and fixedly arranged at the lower part of the reaction vessel relative to the central line of the reaction vessel, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the reaction vessel.

Patent CN202010083443.7 also discloses data on the extraction liquid obtained by mechanical cyclone separation of activated sludge. May serve as proof material for the present application. For example, the obtained data tables of the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content and the PH value of the humic acid and protein nutrient solution are as follows:

as can be seen from the table above, the humic acid and protein nutrient solution obtained by the method for separating the activated sludge biomass by high-speed mechanical cyclone has the total nitrogen content higher than 3000mg/L, contains rich nitrogen elements, is rich in phosphorus elements, is rich in nutrition and has higher pH value.

The method for separating the activated sludge biomass by using the high-speed mechanical cyclone is used for sludge treatment, and in the whole process, a group of data of metal elements in activated sludge, alkali-heat sludge, humic acid and protein nutrient solution, namely mud cakes, are shown in the following table:

from the above table, it can be seen that the humic acid and protein nutrient solution obtained by the method of high-speed mechanical cyclone separation of activated sludge biomass has low content of harmful heavy metal elements, and has high content of prandial elements calcium and potassium beneficial to plant growth and rich nutrition.

The high-speed mechanical separation can save time and improve efficiency. The extraction difficulty is greatly increased without using a high-speed separation method, the reaction time is longer, and the extraction efficiency is slower. However, extraction may also be achieved. Therefore, the addition of calcium oxide is a key step, and the plant using effect of the alkaline extracting solution is stabilized.

The invention discloses a phytostimulant, wherein the phytostimulant is an extracting solution of activated sludge; the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by hot alkali reaction of activated sludge.

The invention discloses a method for reducing the usage amount of pesticides and fertilizers, which is characterized by using a plant liquid, wherein the plant liquid comprises a sludge extracting solution and common pesticides; wherein the common pesticide accounts for 0.1-3% of the total weight of the active ingredients, the usage amount of the pesticide is reduced by more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, more preferably more than 70%, more preferably more than 80%, more preferably more than 90%, more preferably more than 95%, and more preferably no pesticide is used.

According to a preferred embodiment, the pesticide is selected from the group consisting of difenoconazole, diniconazole, bacillus thuringiensis, thiacloprid, carbendazim, fulasiophenone, cypermethrin, boron celecoxib, fosetyl-methyl thiophanate-methyl, bifenthrin, imidacloprid, sodium nitrophenolate, pymetrozine, mancozeb, perchloric horse, kasugamycin, calcium doxofume, prochloraz, tricyclotrichum

A method for planting disease-preventing organic plants is characterized in that a plant exciter solution is applied to the leaf surfaces and/or roots of the plants; the phytohormone is an extracting solution of activated sludge; the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by hot alkali reaction of activated sludge.

A method for preventing plant diseases and insect pests is characterized in that a plant excitant solution is applied to the leaf surfaces and/or roots of plants; the phytohormone is an extracting solution of activated sludge; the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by hot alkali reaction of activated sludge.

A liquid for plants without common pesticide ingredients is characterized in that the liquid for plants is an extracting solution of activated sludge; the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by hot alkali reaction of activated sludge; the liquid for plants can prevent common plant diseases and insect pests.

According to a preferred embodiment, the insects include, but are not limited to, scale insects, aphids, spider mites.

According to a preferred embodiment, the disease prevention of the plant refers to common diseases caused by factors such as nutrition, fungi, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasma, nematode diseases and the like in the growth process of the plant, and the diseases comprise but are not limited to discoloration, necrosis, rot, black spots, white rust, dead branches and black hearts.

According to a preferred embodiment, the plant comprises wheat, rice, maize, peach, pear, apple, broccoli, basil, soybean, watermelon, cucumber, beans, eggplant and the like.

Example 1

The applicant's prior patent CN202010083443.7 discloses a method for improving heating efficiency by high-speed mixing of cold and hot sludge. In addition, the patent of the applicant also discloses a method for separating the activated sludge biomass by high-speed mechanical cyclone. The patent already mentions the extraction of sludge by means of a hot alkaline process to form a sludge extract. Under similar conditions, the extraction difficulty is greatly increased without using a high-speed separation method, the reaction time is longer, and the extraction efficiency is slower. However, extraction may also be achieved. Therefore, the addition of calcium oxide is a key step, and the plant using effect of the alkaline extracting solution is stabilized.

Example 2

Extracting the sludge extract by a thermal subtraction method. The result analysis is shown in figure 1. it can be seen that the extract not only meets the class A of GB4284-2018 sludge agricultural standard, but also meets the NY525-2012 organic fertilizer standard and the GB15618-1995 soil environment quality standard. Firstly, the organic fertilizer for plants completely meets the standard. Of course, the use of the disinfectant also meets the use standard in sterilization, disinfection and disease prevention.

The results of the amino acid-based detection are shown in FIG. 2:

the amino acid plays an important role in the growth of plants, and can promote the growth of plant roots, strengthen seedlings, strengthen plants, enhance the photosynthetic function of leaves and the disease and insect resistance of crops. Can promote photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation, has obvious effects of promoting and activating physiological and biochemical processes such as oxide activity, enzyme activity, seed germination, nutrient absorption, root growth and development and the like, can control soil urease activity, accelerates rapid cyclic decomposition and release of nutrients, fixes nitrogen, dissolves phosphorus and potassium, activates soil and improves soil permeability. The root can propagate a great amount of complex flora, and various inorganic elements fixed by the soil are chelated from the soil for being absorbed by crops, thereby achieving the effect of regenerating 'chemical fertilizer'. The amino acid is a pure natural growth promoting and disease resisting factor, an enzyme preparation, a regulation factor and the like, and particularly, the affinity of the amino acid with plants is incomparable with that of any other substance. Has the obvious effects of improving the yield, balancing the nutrition, improving the quality, reducing the pesticide residue, protecting the ecological environment (improving the soil quality, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reducing the environmental pollution) and the like. The natural flavor of the crops is recovered, the taste is good, the sugar content is high, the amino acid content is high, and the like.

Example 3

The plant liquid is used for the Wuxi Yangshan honey peach to test the effect. Selecting 6 juicy peach trees with similar growth conditions as targets, wherein the numbers of the juicy peach trees are No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6. Among them, Nos. 1 to 3 were used as control groups, and Nos. 4 to 6 were used as experimental groups.

The experimental conditions were as follows:

as a result:

the control groups No. 1-3 have stable results, the aphid removing efficiency is 100 percent, the blight is serious, and the loss of peaches is about 60 percent.

The results of experimental groups 4-5 are basically consistent, the aphid removing efficiency is 100%, and the loss of peaches is about 20%.

In the experiment group No. 6, the peach trees are stable integrally, no obvious plant diseases and insect pests exist, the aphid removing efficiency is 100%, and the blight basically does not exist; the loss of peaches is only about 10%.

And (4) analyzing results: the Wuxi Yang mountain juicy peaches are easily threatened by plant diseases and insect pests due to higher sugar content. In the embodiment, the original juicy peach planting method is basically used in No. 1-3, and the result is relatively stable through conventional observation and conforms to the general rule of the juicy peaches of the type; the peach trees No. 4 and No. 5 are sprayed with part of key pesticides or sprayed by halving, basically accord with the principle of halving pesticides, and use the same biological nutrient solution formula as No. 6 in part of time, but the peach trees No. 4 and No. 5 do not use complete biological nutrient solution, and approximately 50% of the biological nutrient solution is used to replace pesticides in general. No. 6 has no pesticide used in the whole course. But quite surprisingly, the loss of peach No. 6 was minimal instead. In the whole experiment, in the later period, about No. 6 and No. 11 peach trees and certain No. 0 peach trees are planted by a conventional method, but the dead branch disease is serious, and the situation of the dead branch disease is obviously improved when biological nutrient solution is applied to the peach trees and observed at 11 days in 6 months. Also, peach # 6 was significantly about 10% more than individuals # 1-3. On the whole, the use of the biological nutrient solution obviously improves the environment of the juicy peaches. The peach aphids are quite harmful, and the biological nutrient solution provided by the invention is used for peach leaves, so that the obvious prevention and treatment effect on the aphids is quite remarkable. This effect was unexpected and was discovered by chance during the course of the experiment. Moreover, through certain observation, common diseases of the peach trees, such as scab, anthracnose and the like, do not have obvious outbreak or growth, and it is considered that the biological nutrient solution has certain effect on the common diseases of the peach trees. The stress resistance of crops can be effectively improved, insect pests can be restrained, and the plant body resistance can be improved by balanced nutrients, so that the crops are not easy to be invaded by pathogenic bacteria. The nutrient solution contains a large amount of probiotic microorganism products and microorganism information, and has the function of biological pesticide. In particular, a part of peaches were extracted for comparison, as shown in FIG. 3, it can be seen that peaches using the extract were not easily rotted, whereas peaches of the conventional method were somewhat rotted. In addition, the experimental data are less, and the growth period of the juicy peaches is shortened by about 10%. The peach of No. 6 has a significant reduction in the growth cycle.

The biological nutrient solution and the biological fertilizer stock solution described in the invention or the embodiment are the sludge extract solution described in the invention, and are also referred to as plant liquid. The concentration of the biological nutrient solution or the biological fertilizer raw solution can be adjusted. Such as to perform some dilution. For convenience of description in the present invention, the original concentration of the sludge extract in all the embodiments is the same standard.

Example 4

In further experiments, soybeans were used as the observation target. The experimental conditions were as follows:

the test area is 5 mu, the soybean variety is Tongmao six, the sowing time is 2019, 6 months and 22 days,

the fertilizer extraction and application in the control group of 2019, 7 months and 20 days are as follows: adding 25 jin/mu of urea (amide nitrogen) into a compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 15+15+ 15;

c, topdressing 20 jin/mu of liquid fertilizer by using the sludge extract in 8, 3 and 2019 at a concentration ratio of 1:150, wherein the soybean flowering period during fertilization is the nitrogen absorption period of the soybeans;

applying the sludge extracting solution liquid fertilizer for the second time in 9, 16 and 9 months in 2019 at a concentration ratio of 1: 100;

sampling and comparing in field of 2019, 9 months and 23 days, and randomly taking five plants to make green beans and beans, wherein the content of the liquid fertilizer green beans in the sludge extracting solution is 8 percent higher than that of the green beans and beans;

harvesting over pounds in 2019, 9 and 26 days, testing the yield of the sludge extracting solution to be 1200 jin per mu in a test field, extracting the yield of the sludge extracting solution to be 1000 jin per mu in a conventional field, and harvesting soybeans which can increase the yield of the sludge extracting solution per mu by 200 jin per mu;

according to the comparison result of the picking efficiency of farmers, the field extraction picking of the farmers (the same person) with the highest efficiency is carried out at 190 jin/mu/day, the sludge extracting solution field is 240 jin/mu/day, the daily picking amount is more than 50 jin/mu, and the results further prove that the seeds of the sludge extracting solution soybean are full (the number of single-pod three-bean is higher than 60%) and the number of the plant beans is more than about 10% of the middle extraction;

the extracted soybean has more single-pod single beans, the proportion of single-pod three beans is lower, the bean plumpness is obviously lower than that of the sludge extracting solution, and the taste of the sludge extracting solution soybean is fragrant, sweet and superior to that of the extracted soybean.

The experimental results are as follows: the yield is increased by 20 percent on average, the soybean quality is obviously improved, the soybean is full, most of bean pods are two or three beans, the single bean pod rate is less than 10 percent, and the taste is considered to be improved and have natural faint scent. In the traditional soybean planting, only a little plant ash is applied when seeds are planted, the seedling development and even root rot are affected due to overlarge fertilizer property, the fertilizer is basically not applied in the soybean growing process, and the nitrogen source mainly depends on natural synthesis. After the soybean seedlings emerge, 25 jin of compound fertilizer and urea are applied to 2019.7.20, and no additional fertilizer is applied subsequently. The results of extracting the raw soybean from the sludge extracting solution, applying liquid fertilizer 20 jin/mu at 2019.8.3 and applying liquid fertilizer 30 jin/mu at 2019.9.16 for the second time prove that the biological amino acid nitrogen fertilizer in the sludge extracting solution is beneficial to the growth of the soybean, the yield, the quality, the taste and the nutrient content of the soybean are improved by adding the biological amino acid nitrogen fertilizer twice after the flowering period, and rhizobia of the soybean is not more than that of the conventionally planted soybean or even less than that of the conventionally planted soybean as can be seen from developed root systems. Amino acid fertilizer, amino acid products, humus, polysaccharide and the like are used for preparing the most reasonable symbiotic environment of soil, namely microorganism and soybean, and a large number of complex flora, bacteria, actinomycetes and algae are propagated at the root to play roles in nitrogen fixation and absorption in an alkaline environment, so that rhizobia has a stronger nitrogen fixation function in the growth process of the soybean. And the soybean with better quality and delicious taste is produced, and the quality is improved.

Example 5

The fertilization effect on broccoli and basil is also tested. The record of fertilization is as follows:

in the testing process, a No. 56 greenhouse is used as a test point, a 'sludge extract' biological liquid fertilizer is applied, compound fertilizers are applied to other greenhouses, the first fertilization time is 2019.10.2, the compound fertilizers are synchronously applied to other greenhouses, after fertilization, the stems and leaves of broccoli are tall and straight and thick, the second fertilization time is 2019.10.24, the broccoli starts to grow into flower balls after the second fertilization, after the flower balls are mature, the biological fertilizers applied with the 'sludge extract' have uniform growth trend and fresh, sweet and crisp taste, and the basic harvest is increased by about 20%. Moreover, the common plant diseases and insect pests of the flower ball part are not observed in the broccoli to which the sludge extract biofertilizer is applied.

The previous examples not only show the excellent performance of the sludge extracting solution in the aspect of fertilizer, but also have better effects of promoting the growth and promoting the nitrogen absorption of plants such as soybean and the like compared with other fertilizers under the similar conditions, and do not bring other pollution problems. More importantly, the sludge extract is quite excellent in the aspect of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. Particularly, in the experiment of peach trees, the insect-killing agent can prevent the damage of small insects such as aphids and the like and can prevent and treat various common plant diseases. This effect is currently believed to foster a better plant growth environment, but further theoretical studies are not clear.

Example 6

Experiments were carried out on rice, mainly to verify the efficacy of fertilizer substitution. The experimental method is to select two plots close to the same plot as the test plot.

Test plots

1 and 2, respectively. Wherein, the test field 1 is a control group, and a conventional fertilizer is selected. The experimental field 2 is an experimental group, and sludge extract is selected as a fertilizer.

In the experimental field 1, 37.5 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 15 kg of nitrogen fertilizer are added in each mu in the growth period of the rice.

In the test field 2, in the growth period of rice, 120 jin of sludge extract containing about four thousandths of nitrogen is added to each mu, about 40 kg of fertilizer is applied less, and about 12.5 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is only added in the initial stage.

The growth vigor and the yield of the rice in the test field 1 and the test field 2 are basically the same.

The adding mode of the sludge extracting solution is as follows: adding the fertilizer into the rice field at the same time in the same manner as the fertilizer. In the embodiment, the sludge extract is directly used as a fertilizer, so that the use amount of the fertilizer can be effectively reduced to about 77%.

Example 7

In agreement with the experimental mode of example 6, the effect of the sludge extract on wheat was examined. The results show that the fertilizer usage amount can be reduced by about 80%, and the yield and the growth vigor of the wheat are close.

Example 8

And (3) carrying out microbial community structure analysis on the soil sample (treatment sample) of the loquat trees applying the polypeptide protein fertilizer in the orchard to be detected. Meanwhile, a blank control soil sample without applying polypeptide protein fertilizer is collected near the orchard to serve as a control sample. Therefore, the potential of applying the polypeptide protein fertilizer in the aspects of soil improvement and fertility increase of fruit tree planting is explored.

The control group of Conrol is a blank control soil sample without applying polypeptide protein fertilizer.

The Treatment sample group is the loquat soil sample applied with polypeptide protein fertilizer.

After the soil samples are repeatedly turned upside down and mixed evenly, about 50g of the samples are taken and placed in a 50ml centrifuge tube for precooling for 4h at-80 ℃. Followed by lyophilization at-40 ℃ for 48 hours. The freeze-dried sample was ground with a mortar to grind large soil aggregates, followed by 200-mesh sieving to remove gravel, plant roots, and the like. 0.25g of the sieved soil sample was weighed and the total DNA of the soil was extracted using PowerSoil kit according to the standard protocol. High throughput sequencing was performed on the Illumina Hiseq PE250 platform using primers F: ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCA and R: GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT against the V3+ V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. After the original offline data was obtained, the quality control of the data and the construction of amplicon tables were performed based on DADA2 algorithm (Callahan et al, 2016). Using the Silva database (https:// www.arb-Silva. de /)

Species classification was performed on representative amplicon sequences. The species abundance index, Chao1, community diversity index, Shanon, based on Bray-Curties' beta diversity was then calculated using the vegan package of R software based on the amplicon tables resampled to the same sequencing depth. And counting the species with significant abundance difference between the treatment group and the control group at the species, genus, family and class levels, respectively.

Species sparseness curves, which are commonly used tools for assessing whether sequencing depth meets analysis requirements, are used to assess whether sequencing depth has completely captured microbial community composition in a sample, as shown in fig. 4. The interpretation was as follows: the abscissa is the number of sequences obtained by sequencing and the ordinate is the number of species captured by sequencing. If the sequencing depth is sufficient, the number of species captured will not increase significantly (value of ordinate) after the number of sequences reaches a certain number (value of abscissa), thereby allowing the curve to plateau. In FIG. 4, the right arrow positions are, from top to bottom, control-1, control-2, Treatment-1, Treatment-3, Treatment-2 and control-3. It can be seen that the microbial species profile of the sample set is more concentrated. Indicating that the concentration of beneficial microorganisms is higher with the increased pressure for microorganism selection in the sample group.

Example 9

For further study of the components in the sludge extract, the following measurements were performed:

the sludge extract freeze-drying carbon-nitrogen ratio, humus and polysaccharide detection data unit: is based on

The carbon to nitrogen ratio of the microbial biomass was about 5: 1. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sludge extracting solution (freeze-drying) is 5.2601:1, which is an ideal carbon-nitrogen ratio, is beneficial to the decomposition of microorganisms and stabilizes the effective nitrogen in the soil. The sludge extract (lyophilized) contained 24.45% humus. The rich humic organic colloid has surface adsorption and ion exchange adsorption on metal ions, and humic acid has chelation and complexation on elements and is not absorbed by plants. Abundant humic acid plays a role in material circulation, energy conversion and information transfer among organisms, soil and environmental systems, and creates a good mutual-benefit symbiotic environment among plants and microorganisms.

Example 10

Shili pear was selected as the subject of the study. The black heart disease of Shili pear is a relatively serious disease. Once discovered, it is difficult to cure radically. To investigate the effect on melanocardia. Two trees with the same disease state are selected, wherein one tree uses the sludge extracting solution. The other tree adopts a conventional method without adding a sludge extracting solution. After 13 days, the leaves of Shili pears using the sludge extract were found to be substantially healthy. Referring to fig. 5, the leaves with sludge extract (right) are clearly compared to the adjacent leaves without sludge extract (left). The sludge extract has obvious effect on the blackheart disease. The effect is far beyond the expectation of experimenters and is very good.

Example 11

In the process of growing rice and corn, the leaf roller is a serious hazard. The control of the leaf rollers during growth was chosen as an experiment in this example. Leaf roller (borer): in the tillering stage of rice growth, the imagoes select densely growing rice field, lay eggs on the growing green rice seedlings, and the larvae eat the leaves. Most of the larvae which are hatched into heart leaves are damaged, after the larvae enter 2 years old, silk is spitted to decorate the leaf edges at two sides of rice leaves, the longitudinal rolling leaves form cylindrical buds, the larvae hide in the bodies to gnaw the mesophyll, and the epidermis is left to be white and striped. In the embodiment, rice in a growth and tillering stage is selected as an experimental object, and leaf surfaces of a leaf roller are selected and sprayed with sludge extracting solution. The sludge extract was the same as in example 5. After one time of spraying, sampling and observing after 6 days. Figure 6 is a photograph of a leaf roller before spraying. FIG. 7 is a photograph of a sample of leaf worms after 6 days. It was found that the leaf rollers in the rice plots were substantially eliminated. This effect is beyond the expectations of the beginning. The sludge extract has a very prominent effect in the method for preventing and killing the insect pests. In general, the pesticides to be applied to the rice in this period include chlorantraniliprole, acetamiprid, trifluperimine, cyantraniliprole, indoxacarb, chlorfenapyr, hexaflumuron missible oil and chlorfluazuron. Sludge extract is used, and the medicines can be completely avoided. This is a relatively surprising finding. The sludge extract has the effects of promoting the growth of plants and the like and also has direct killing effect on insects with larger body types. According to observation, after the sludge extract is sprayed, the larvae obviously shrink and die within 2-3 days. See fig. 7. It is proved that the sludge extract is not the same as the pesticide in insecticidal mechanism, and may have slower effect, but the effect is not poor in the long term.

Example 12

The process of sludge extraction may affect the composition of the extract. Through intensive research, the addition of calcium oxide and calcium oxide has been found to be of great significance to the extract during the extraction process. If calcium oxide is not added, the residue of various heavy metals or harmful microorganisms, etc. is relatively serious during the extraction process. This is also in line with the general study of sludge extraction processes.

Previous studies by the applicant, disclosed in patent CN202010083443.7, also describe the effect of calcium oxide and high speed stirring steps. Strictly speaking, the sludge extract obtained by utilizing the thermokalite reaction has the effect, but the difference of the processes can cause the difference of fertilizer efficiency and the like. In general, good processes can shorten reaction times, reduce energy consumption, and the like. The common hot alkali process extract can also be used for pest control, insect killing and the like of plants, but the comprehensive effect is not good.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An extract for controlling plant diseases and insect pests, which is obtained by reacting hot alkali of activated sludge; the extract can be applied to plant leaf surfaces to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.

2. A method for reducing the amount of fertilizer used in the plant planting process is characterized in that 50-90% of the fertilizer is replaced by an activated sludge extract; wherein the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by performing thermokalite reaction on activated sludge and filtering; preferably 55-85% of the fertilizer, more preferably 60-85% of the fertilizer, more preferably 65-80% of the fertilizer; wherein said reducing the amount of fertilizer used during plant growing does not result in a reduction of more than 10% in plant yield or growth.

3. The liquid for the peach trees is characterized in that the liquid is an activated sludge extracting solution; the activated sludge extracting solution is obtained by hot alkali reaction of activated sludge; the peach tree liquid has the effects of preventing insects and diseases.

4. The plant foliar liquid is characterized in that the plant foliar liquid is a sludge extracting solution; the extracting solution obtained by the sludge through the thermokalite reaction is applied to the leaf surface or the surface of the plant, so that the fertilizer has the performance of the fertilizer and can prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests.

5. A method for reducing the amount of pesticides used by using sludge extract is characterized in that activated sludge is subjected to thermokalite reaction, extract is obtained by filtration, and the extract is applied to the surface or the root of a plant.

6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the plant comprises peach, pear, loquat, broccoli, flower, or the like,

7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the extract is applied to the surface or roots of the plant.

8. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the extract is used in combination with other plant nutrients.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the extract is a concentrated solution, and is used after adding water in a certain proportion.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the extracting step comprises:

standing, or stirring, or mechanically separating;

filtering to obtain an extracting solution;