CN111955614A - Pig feed preparation process and pig feed prepared by same - Google Patents
Pig feed preparation process and pig feed prepared by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955614A CN111955614A CN202010897955.7A CN202010897955A CN111955614A CN 111955614 A CN111955614 A CN 111955614A CN 202010897955 A CN202010897955 A CN 202010897955A CN 111955614 A CN111955614 A CN 111955614A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- MCDLETWIOVSGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;iron Chemical compound [Fe].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MCDLETWIOVSGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Cr+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WYYQVWLEPYFFLP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 17
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001781 ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pig feed preparation process and a pig feed prepared by the same, and relates to the technical field of animal feeds; a preparation process of pig feed comprises the following steps: s1 pretreatment: weighing modified raw materials, adding water and ethanol, performing vacuum pumping reaction, and drying to obtain a pretreated dry material; the modified raw materials comprise the following raw materials: glutamic acid, modified nano beta zeolite powder, copper acetate, cobalt acetate, zinc acetate, chromium acetate and ferrous acetate; s2 mixing and tempering: taking a premixed raw material, adding the pretreated dry material, uniformly mixing, and crushing to prepare a mixed powder material; tempering the mixed powder to prepare a tempered wet material; the premixed raw materials comprise the following raw materials: corn flour, soybean flour, wheat bran, fish meal, sweet potato powder and calcium hydrophosphate; s3 granulating: granulating the conditioned wet material by a granulator to obtain the pig feed. The preparation process of the pig feed has the advantage of improving the utilization rate of the feed. The pig feed prepared by the pig feed preparation process has the advantage of high feed utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal feed, in particular to a pig feed preparation process and a pig feed prepared by the pig feed preparation process.
Background
With the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the breeding industry which takes pigs as main products is rapidly developed, and in order to improve the breeding efficiency, the pig is generally required to be fed by pig feed in a farm. In order to improve the immunity and the feeding efficiency of pigs, research is carried out on adding trace elements such as copper, zinc, manganese and the like into pig feed.
CN107996852A discloses a pig feed rich in vitamins and trace elements and a manufacturing method thereof, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: corn flour 50-58%, green feed 3.5-8.5%, fish meal 4.5-6.5%, soybean flour 26-36%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.5-3%, salt 0.1-0.16%, and additive 1.5-2.5%, wherein the additive comprises ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodate, and sodium selenite; according to the technical scheme, the zinc sulfate, the copper sulfate, the manganese sulfate and other trace metal sulfates are added, so that the nutrition of the feed is more balanced and abundant, the feed intake of pigs is effectively improved, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
However, in the technical scheme, sulfate of trace elements is used as a source of the trace elements, so that the absorption rate of the trace elements by the pigs is low, the utilization rate of the trace elements is low, the feeding efficiency is influenced to a certain extent, and the pig manure has high metal ion content and brings certain adverse effects to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a pig feed preparation process which has the advantage of improving the utilization rate of the feed.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a pig feed which has the advantages of high feed utilization rate and good environmental protection performance.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation process of pig feed comprises the following steps:
s1 pretreatment: weighing modified raw materials, adding 40-60 parts by weight of water, stirring at the rotating speed of 100-400 rpm, heating to 55-70 ℃ for reaction for 40-100min, adding 15-30 parts by weight of ethanol, vacuumizing at 75-80 ℃ for reaction for 10-30min to prepare a pretreated wet material, and drying the pretreated wet material at 60-70 ℃ for 180 min to prepare a pretreated dry material; the modified raw materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of glutamic acid, 10-20 parts of modified nano beta zeolite powder, 0.05-0.1 part of copper acetate, 0.05-0.15 part of cobalt acetate, 0.03-0.1 part of zinc acetate, 0.02-0.07 part of chromium acetate and 0.08-0.15 part of ferrous acetate;
s2 mixing and tempering: weighing the premixed raw materials, adding the pretreated dry material prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and crushing to prepare mixed powder; tempering the mixed powder in water vapor at the temperature of 130-150 ℃ for 60-150s to prepare tempered wet material; the premixed raw materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of 350-flour corn flour, 40-80 parts of soybean flour, 30-60 parts of wheat bran, 25-45 parts of fish meal, 20-50 parts of sweet potato powder and 1-5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate;
s3 granulating: granulating the conditioned wet material by a granulator to obtain the pig feed.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the pretreatment process, trace metal element acetates such as copper acetate, cobalt acetate, zinc acetate and the like are firstly dissolved in water, trace metal element ions dissolved in the water and glutamic acid dissolved in the water are subjected to a complex reaction to generate a glutamic acid complex of the trace metal element ions, an organic metal complex is formed, a byproduct acetic acid is generated at the same time, the byproduct acetic acid and ethanol form an azeotrope under the vacuum-pumping reaction condition of 75-80 ℃, the azeotrope is removed under the vacuum-pumping condition, the chemical equilibrium forward movement of the complex reaction of the trace metal element ions and the glutamic acid is promoted, and more organic metal complexes are generated; meanwhile, the modified nano beta zeolite powder has a certain crystal nucleus induction effect, and the organic metal complex is separated out in a solid form and adsorbed on the surface of the modified nano beta zeolite powder, so that the concentration of free trace metal element ions and glutamic acid in an aqueous solution is reduced, the chemical balance of the complex reaction of the trace metal element ions and the glutamic acid is promoted to move positively, and more organic metal complexes are generated; the organic metal complex is uniformly dispersed in the pig feed along with the modified nano beta zeolite powder, so that the trace metal elements are uniformly dispersed in the pig feed, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved. The trace metal elements enter the pig body in the form of organic metal complexes, so that the absorption and utilization of the trace metal elements by the pig are facilitated, the utilization rate of the trace metal elements is obviously improved, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved to a certain extent. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the utilization rate of the trace metal elements is high, the input amount of the trace metal elements is reduced in the preparation process of the pig feed, the utilization rate of the trace metal elements is high, the content of the trace metal elements in pig manure is obviously reduced, and the environmental protection performance of the pig feed product is improved.
Preferably, the raw materials used in the steps S1-S2 are fed according to the following weight ratio: 6.5-8.5 parts of glutamic acid, 12-18 parts of modified nano beta zeolite powder, 0.06-0.09 part of copper acetate, 0.08-0.12 part of cobalt acetate, 0.03-0.1 part of zinc acetate, 0.02-0.07 part of chromium acetate, 0.1-0.13 part of ferrous acetate, 45-55 parts of water, 20-25 parts of ethanol, 380 parts of corn flour, 420 parts of soybean meal, 30-60 parts of wheat bran, 30-40 parts of fish meal, 20-50 parts of sweet potato powder and 2-4 parts of calcium hydrophosphate.
By adopting the technical scheme, the feed has the advantages that the feed is better in raw material ratio, the utilization rate of the feed for the pigs is improved, the immunity of the fed pigs is better improved, the development and growth of the pigs are promoted, and the feeding efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified nano beta zeolite powder comprises the following steps: adding 4-10 times of nano beta zeolite powder into ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 5-15% of ammonium chloride, heating to 70-85 ℃, reacting for 200-35 min, filtering, roasting a filter cake at 550 ℃ for 240-300min, and performing ball milling at the rotating speed of 15-30 r/min for 20-35min to obtain the modified nano beta zeolite powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nano beta zeolite powder is modified by using an ammonium chloride aqueous solution, ammonium ions enter the pore canal of the beta zeolite powder, and then are roasted at high temperature, the ammonium ions are decomposed to generate ammonia gas and hydrogen ions, the ammonia gas is removed from the nano beta zeolite powder at high temperature, the hydrogen ions form active acid sites in the pore canal of the beta zeolite powder, and after the ammonia gas enters the pig body, free alkaline ammonia in the pig body is adsorbed by the acidic active acid sites in the pore canal of the modified beta zeolite powder, so that the concentration of the free ammonia in the pig body is obviously reduced, amino acid in the pig body is promoted to react to generate protein, the weight of the pig is increased, and the feeding efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the particle size of the nano beta zeolite powder is not more than 100 nm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nano beta zeolite powder with proper particle size is used, so that the uniform dispersion of trace metal elements in the pig feed is facilitated, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved.
Preferably, the pressure of the vacuum pumping reaction is-0.09 MPa to-0.07 MPa.
By adopting the technical scheme, the reaction is carried out in a vacuum state, the removal of acetic acid as a byproduct is facilitated, more organic metal complexes are generated, the absorption and utilization of trace metal elements by pigs are promoted, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved.
Preferably, the premix raw material further comprises 2-5 parts by weight of glycine and 3-6 parts by weight of threonine.
By adopting the technical scheme, a certain amount of glycine and threonine is added into the feed, so that the feed is beneficial to providing energy, synthesizing more protein and improving the pork quality.
Preferably, the premix raw material also comprises 1-4 parts by weight of soybean dietary fiber.
By adopting the technical scheme, a certain amount of soybean dietary fiber is added into the pig feed, so that the flexibility and brittleness of the pig feed particles are improved, the pulverization rate of the pig feed particles is reduced, and the feed utilization rate is improved.
Preferably, the grain size of the mixture is not more than 650 mu m, and the grain size of the pig feed is 4-8 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the feed particles with the proper particle size are prepared by using the mixture with the proper particle size, the feed pulverization rate is favorably reduced, the absorption and the digestion of the feed by pigs are favorably realized, and the feed utilization rate is improved.
In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a pig feed is prepared by the preparation process of the pig feed.
By adopting the technical scheme, the pig feed prepared by the method disclosed by the application is beneficial to absorption and utilization of trace metal elements by pigs, is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of the feed, reduces the content of the trace metal elements in pig manure, and improves the environmental protection property of the pig feed.
In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. dissolving acetate of trace metal elements and glutamic acid in water, under the condition of heating reaction, carrying out complex reaction on trace metal element ions dissolved in the water and the glutamic acid to generate an organic metal complex and a byproduct acetic acid, wherein the modified nano beta zeolite powder has a certain crystal nucleus induction effect, the organic metal complex is separated out in a solid form and is adsorbed on the surface of the modified nano beta zeolite powder, and the chemical balance of the complex reaction of the trace metal element ions and the glutamic acid is promoted to move positively to generate more organic metal complexes; under the condition of vacuum pumping reaction, the by-product acetic acid and ethanol form an azeotrope to be removed, so that the chemical equilibrium of the complex reaction of trace metal element ions and glutamic acid is promoted to move positively, and more organic metal complexes are generated; the trace metal elements enter the pig body in the form of organic metal complexes, so that the absorption and utilization of the pig are facilitated, the utilization rate of the trace metal elements is obviously improved, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved; the organic metal complex is uniformly dispersed in the pig feed along with the modified nano beta zeolite powder, which is beneficial to improving the dispersion degree of trace metal elements and improving the utilization rate of the feed;
2. the method comprises the steps of modifying the nano beta zeolite powder by using an ammonium chloride aqueous solution, enabling ammonium ions to enter a pore canal of the beta zeolite powder, then roasting at a high temperature, enabling the ammonium ions to generate ammonia gas and hydrogen ions through decomposition reaction, removing the ammonia gas from the nano beta zeolite powder at a high temperature, enabling the hydrogen ions to form active acid sites in the pore canal of the beta zeolite powder, adsorbing free alkaline ammonia in a pig body by the acidic active acid sites in the pore canal of the modified beta zeolite powder after the ammonia enters the pig body, obviously reducing the concentration of the free ammonia in the pig body, promoting amino acid in the pig body to react to generate protein, increasing the weight of the pig and improving the feeding efficiency;
3. this application is through control mixture particle diameter, control feed pellet particle diameter and modes such as adding soybean dietary fiber, helps reducing pig feed pulverization rate, and the pig of being convenient for is to the absorption and the digestion of fodder, helps improving feed utilization ratio.
Detailed Description
Examples
The raw materials related to the invention are all commercially available, and the types and sources of part of the raw materials are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Specification, type and origin of the raw materials
In the following examples wheat bran, soy flour and corn flour were all produced from Sichuan.
Example 1: a preparation process of pig feed comprises the following steps:
modification of nano beta zeolite powder: and preparing ammonium chloride and water into an ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of ammonium chloride of 10%. Taking 20kg of nano beta zeolite powder (the particle size is not more than 30nm), adding 120kg of ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 10%, heating to 75 ℃ for reaction for 270min, filtering, leaching a filter cake with 50kg of water, drying the filter cake at 80 ℃ for 120min, roasting at 550 ℃ for 270min, transferring the material into a ball mill, and carrying out ball milling at the rotating speed of 20 r/min for 30min to obtain the modified nano beta zeolite powder.
S1 pretreatment: adding 7.5kg of glutamic acid into a 100L reaction kettle, adding 15kg of modified nano beta zeolite powder, 80g of copper acetate, 100g of cobalt acetate, 60g of zinc acetate, 50g of chromium acetate and 120g of ferrous acetate, adding 50kg of water, stirring and mixing uniformly at the rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute, heating to 65 ℃ for reacting for 60min, adding 20kg of ethanol, heating to 78 ℃, vacuumizing to-0.08 MPa, continuously stirring for reacting for 20min, removing an azeotrope formed by the byproduct acetic acid and the ethanol from the reaction kettle to prepare a pretreated wet material, and drying the pretreated wet material at 65 ℃ for 210min to prepare a pretreated dry material.
S2 mixing and tempering: weighing 400kg of corn flour, adding 60kg of soybean flour, 45kg of wheat bran, 35kg of fish meal, 35kg of sweet potato powder, 3kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 3.5kg of glycine, 4.5kg of threonine and 2.5kg of soybean dietary fiber, uniformly mixing, adding the pretreated dry material prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, crushing by a crusher, sieving the crushed material by a sieve with the aperture of 650 mu m, and continuously crushing the particles with the particle size of more than 650 mu m until the particle size is not more than 650 mu m to prepare mixed powder. And (3) tempering the mixed powder in water vapor at 140 ℃ for 120s to prepare a tempered wet material.
S3 granulating: preparing the conditioned wet material into feed granules with particle size of 6mm by a granulator, and drying at 100 deg.C for 30min to obtain pig feed.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that example 2 does not have added soy dietary fiber and otherwise remains the same as example 1.
Example 3
Example 3 is different from example 1 in that the nano beta zeolite powder used in example 3 is not modified with ammonium chloride, and the non-modified nano beta zeolite powder is added in step S1 of example 3, which are otherwise the same as example 1.
Example 4
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that example 4 does not add glycine and threonine and otherwise remains the same as example 1.
Examples 5 to 12
Examples 5-12 differ from example 1 in the amounts of raw materials added and the process parameters of examples 5-12, which were otherwise identical to example 1. The particle size of the mix in examples 5-12 was kept the same as in example 1, the amounts of the raw materials added in examples 5-12 are shown in Table 2, and the process parameters for examples 5-12 are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2 addition of the starting materials of examples 5 to 12
TABLE 3 parameters in the procedure of examples 5-12
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the comparative example 1 does not add the modified nano beta zeolite powder and ethanol, the comparative example 1 does not carry out the modification step and the pretreatment step of the nano beta zeolite powder, and the comparative example 1 directly adds the glutamic acid, the copper acetate, the cobalt acetate, the zinc acetate, the chromium acetate and the ferrous acetate into the premixed raw materials, uniformly mixes and pulverizes to prepare the mixed powder, and the others are consistent with the example 1.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that no ethanol was added in comparative example 2, step S1 of comparative example 2 was not subjected to vacuum reaction, and pretreatment was performed in a sealed reaction vessel that was not subjected to vacuum, all of which were otherwise identical to example 1.
Performance detection
1. And (3) detecting the content of copper and zinc in the pig manure: experiments are carried out in a pig farm, 6 pigs with the weight of about 60kg are fed with pig feed, each pig is fed with 0.9kg of pig feed three times a day and each time, excrement collection and sampling are carried out according to GB/T25169-2010 livestock and poultry excrement detection technical specification after continuous feeding for 10 days, and the content of copper and zinc is measured according to GB/T17138-1997 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry for measuring the mass of copper and zinc in soil. The results are shown in Table 4.
2. Powdering rate: and (3) screening 500g of the pig feed product by using a screen with the aperture of 500 mu m, collecting fine powder passing through the screen, weighing, and dividing the weight of the fine powder by 500 to obtain the pulverization rate of the pig feed product. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 comparison table of product performance of different pig feeds
The higher the copper content and the zinc content in the pig manure are, the less the absorbed trace elements such as copper, zinc and the like are, and the lower the feed utilization rate is.
Comparative example 1 modified nano beta zeolite powder and ethanol were not added, trace metals were directly added to the pig feed in the form of acetate, and the prepared pig feed produced feces after feeding pigs had high copper and zinc contents, low trace element absorption rate, low feed utilization rate, high pulverization rate, and not good for the ingestion and absorption of pigs to the feed, and not good for the marketization of the product. Comparative example 2 modified nano beta zeolite powder was added on the basis of comparative example 1, but anhydrous ethanol was not added, and step S1 was not performed in a vacuum state, so that the utilization rate of trace elements in the prepared pig feed was slightly increased, but the content of trace metal elements in feces was still high, which was not favorable for product marketing.
Comparing the experimental results of the example 1 and the comparative examples 1-2, it can be seen that, in the preparation process of the pig feed, the modified nano beta zeolite powder and the ethanol are added, and the acetate and the glutamic acid of the trace metal element are pretreated in a vacuum state, so that the prepared pig feed product has the advantages of high utilization rate of the trace metal element, low pulverization rate and high feed utilization rate, is beneficial to improving the feeding efficiency, has low metal ion content in pig manure, improves the environmental protection performance of the pig feed, and is beneficial to the market popularization of the product.
Comparing the experimental results of example 1 and example 2, the soybean dietary fiber is not added in example 2, so that the difference between the copper content and the zinc content in the pig manure generated by the raised pigs is small, but the soybean dietary fiber is not added, so that the pulverization rate of the pig feed product is high, the pig feed is not beneficial to the intake of the pig to the feed, and the product market popularization is not beneficial. Comparing the experimental results of example 1 and example 3, the nano β zeolite powder used in example 3 is not modified with ammonium chloride, and the utilization rate of trace metal elements in the prepared pig feed product is reduced, which is not favorable for product market promotion. Comparing the experimental results of example 1 and example 4, in example 4, glycine and threonine were not added, and the difference between the copper content and the zinc content in the pig manure generated from the raised pigs was small, but since glycine and threonine were not added, it was not good for improving the pork quality.
In comparison with example 1, examples 5 to 12 had different amounts of raw materials added and different process parameters. The prepared pig feed product has the advantages of high utilization rate of trace metal elements, contribution to improving the immunity of pigs and accelerating the growth of the pigs, low pulverization rate of the pig feed, high utilization rate of the feed, contribution to improving the feeding efficiency, low content of metal ions in pig manure, improvement on the environmental protection performance of the pig feed and contribution to the market popularization of the product.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation process of pig feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 pretreatment: weighing modified raw materials, adding 40-60 parts by weight of water, stirring at the rotating speed of 100-400 rpm, heating to 55-70 ℃ for reaction for 40-100min, adding 15-30 parts by weight of ethanol, vacuumizing at 75-80 ℃ for reaction for 10-30min to prepare a pretreated wet material, and drying the pretreated wet material at 60-70 ℃ for 180 min to prepare a pretreated dry material; the modified raw materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of glutamic acid, 10-20 parts of modified nano beta zeolite powder, 0.05-0.1 part of copper acetate, 0.05-0.15 part of cobalt acetate, 0.03-0.1 part of zinc acetate, 0.02-0.07 part of chromium acetate and 0.08-0.15 part of ferrous acetate;
s2 mixing and tempering: weighing the premixed raw materials, adding the pretreated dry material prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and crushing to prepare mixed powder; tempering the mixed powder in water vapor at the temperature of 130-150 ℃ for 60-150s to prepare tempered wet material; the premixed raw materials comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: 450 parts of 350-flour corn flour, 40-80 parts of soybean flour, 30-60 parts of wheat bran, 25-45 parts of fish meal, 20-50 parts of sweet potato powder and 1-5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate;
s3 granulating: granulating the conditioned wet material by a granulator to obtain the pig feed.
2. The pig feed preparation process according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials used in the steps S1-S2 are fed according to the following weight ratio: 6.5-8.5 parts of glutamic acid, 12-18 parts of modified nano beta zeolite powder, 0.06-0.09 part of copper acetate, 0.08-0.12 part of cobalt acetate, 0.03-0.1 part of zinc acetate, 0.02-0.07 part of chromium acetate, 0.1-0.13 part of ferrous acetate, 45-55 parts of water, 20-25 parts of ethanol, 380 parts of corn flour, 420 parts of soybean meal, 30-60 parts of wheat bran, 30-40 parts of fish meal, 20-50 parts of sweet potato powder and 2-4 parts of calcium hydrophosphate.
3. The preparation process of pig feed according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified nano beta zeolite powder comprises: adding 4-10 times of nano beta zeolite powder into ammonium chloride aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 5-15% of ammonium chloride, heating to 70-85 ℃, reacting for 200-35 min, filtering, roasting a filter cake at 550 ℃ for 240-300min, and performing ball milling at the rotating speed of 15-30 r/min for 20-35min to obtain the modified nano beta zeolite powder.
4. The pig feed preparation process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the particle size of the nano beta zeolite powder is not more than 100 nm.
5. The pig feed preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure of the vacuumizing reaction is between-0.09 MPa and-0.07 MPa.
6. The pig feed preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the premix raw material also comprises 2-5 parts by weight of glycine and 3-6 parts by weight of threonine.
7. The pig feed preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the premix raw material also comprises 1-4 parts by weight of soybean dietary fiber.
8. The pig feed preparation process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grain size of the mixture is not more than 650 mu m, and the grain size of the pig feed is 4-8 mm.
9. A pig feed is characterized in that: is prepared by the process for preparing the pig feed of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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