CN1119517C - 一台复合装置的运行方法 - Google Patents

一台复合装置的运行方法

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Publication number
CN1119517C
CN1119517C CN98124303A CN98124303A CN1119517C CN 1119517 C CN1119517 C CN 1119517C CN 98124303 A CN98124303 A CN 98124303A CN 98124303 A CN98124303 A CN 98124303A CN 1119517 C CN1119517 C CN 1119517C
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steam
turbine
generator
pressure
steam turbine
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CN1213740A (zh
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R·巴赫曼
A·霍伊瑟尔曼
P·米勒
G·维斯
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Alstom SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/101Regulating means specially adapted therefor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一台复合装置的运行方法,在卸载时,在一个高压蒸汽透平(12)上游起作用的阀(21)完全关闭。该燃气透平组(A+8)将与一个中压/低压-蒸汽透平(11)脱开,因此该燃气透平组可自身单机运行。该脱开的蒸汽透平(11)的转速不大于该燃气透平组(A+8)的转速,并且在附属于废热蒸汽发生器(10)的一个中间过热器(10a)的流动线路中的蒸汽(16)通过该低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平(11)自由膨胀,并且通过这种膨胀,燃气透平组(A+8)的转速升高但不高于其保护转速。

Description

一台复合装置的运行方法
本发明涉及一台复合装置的运行方法,该复合装置主要由一燃气透平,至少一台发电机及一蒸汽循环组成,此时该蒸汽循环主要由一台废热蒸汽发生器,至少一个低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平及一高压蒸汽透平组成。
EP-0379930 B1中公开了一种复合装置,该复合装置的特征在于采用单轴布置。此处燃气透平和蒸汽透平是刚性连接的。用于蒸汽循环并附属于该复合装置的废热蒸汽发生器运行时用作双压力锅炉。
这种单轴布置的问题在于:卸载时必须阻止燃气透平产生超速运行并且必须因此关闭该燃气透平。更确切地说,该燃气透平必须进行单机运行(=进行自身需要量运行),直到该燃气透平与电网再同步为止。然而这一点是很难做到的,一方面是因为必须中断流向蒸汽透平的蒸汽流,否则运行动量变大并且该装置因此产生超速运行;另一方面是因为必须维持最少量的蒸汽流作为流过该蒸汽透平的冷却蒸汽,从而连接一个与该燃气透平固定耦合的蒸汽透平的加热装置。
因此,在此规定该蒸汽透平的冷却由在一辅助装置中提供的蒸汽量维持,或者由蒸汽透平阀不完全关闭维持。因此,出于这种理由,流过蒸汽透平的流量变小,以致因此产生的转矩(该转矩在支承技术方面导致很难承受)可通过其它复杂的控制技术方面的作用必定被承受。
在此本发明提供了帮助。本发明的任务是提供一种运行权利要求1前序部分所述的复合装置的方法,该方法将采用配线技术方面的措施,可保证在该复合装置卸载时叶片机械得到保护。
实现本发明的根本任务的技术方案表述于权利要求1中。各从属权利要求的内容是本发明思想的其它有利技术特征。
本发明描述了一种复合装置运行的方法,其中该复合装置主要由一燃气透平,至少一发电机及一蒸汽循环组成,该蒸汽循环主要由一废热蒸汽发生器,至少一低压-和/中压-蒸汽透平及一高压蒸汽透平组成,该复合装置的进一步结构是如此构成的,即在卸载时,至少一个在高压-蒸汽透平上游起进一步结构是如此构成的,即在卸载时,至少一个在高压-蒸汽透平上游起作用的阀关闭,该燃气透平和发电机与该低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平脱开,以致燃气透平和发电机自身单机运行,脱开的蒸汽透平的转速不大于燃气透平和发电机的转速,在附属于废热蒸汽发生器的一个中间过热器的流动线路中的蒸汽通过该低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平自由膨胀,并且通过这种膨胀,燃气透平和发电机的转速升高但不高于其保护转速。
在卸载时,高于-蒸汽透平之前的阀首先完全关闭,同时此时规定了这样的措施,即燃气透平与蒸汽透平脱开。但发电机和燃气透平相互由一个相应设置的联轴器连接起来时,可容许该蒸汽透平两者没有一个根据负荷变化产生的干扰在单机运行的一个最佳转速时产生。借助这一过程,脱开的蒸汽透平的转速下降,该转速处于燃气透平和发电机的转速值的100%之下,该燃气透平和发电机可单独运行。
然后,处于中间过热器的流动线路中的蒸汽通过低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平进行自由膨胀,因此燃气透平和发电机的转速也可通过上述膨胀而升高,但不超过其保护转速。
因此,本发明的主要优点明显在于:从一方面讲,燃气透平和发电机一侧与蒸汽透平另一侧之间可脱开。在相应的脱开后,处于该中间过热器的流动线路中的蒸汽可朝相应的蒸汽透平自由膨胀,因此这一点不需通过进一步的辅助措施,例如控制技术方面的辅助设备来进一步保证。因此,此时也没有必要提供从一辅助装置流出的蒸汽量,以便对该蒸汽透平进行冷却。
实现本发明的任务的技术方案的各种有利并合理的进一步结构记载于各从属权利要求的特征部分中。
下面将根据附图详细说明本发明的一个实施例。所有那些对本发明的直接理解是不必要的技术特征都被省略了。介质的流动方向用箭头表示。
该唯一的附图表示一复合装置的线路图,借助于该线路图在卸载时燃气透平和发电机与其余的叶片机械脱开,且该脱开的蒸汽透平(此处为中压/低压-蒸汽透平)不必要进一步保护。
附图中示出了一种复合装置,该复合装置中在标号A下表示一按顺序点燃的燃气透平A,该燃气透平中压由压气机单元1、第一燃烧室2、第一透平3、第二燃烧室4及第二透平5组成。这种燃气透平的详细运行方式描述于EP-A1-0620362的说明书中,因此该出版物构成了现有技术说明书表示的必不可少的技术状态。原则上讲,该燃气透平也可由单一的点燃加热装置组成。该燃气透平A通过轴系与发电机8直接的现行有效连接。在发电机8和第一蒸汽透平11(即此处为中压/低压-蒸汽透平)之间设有一起作用的联轴器9,该联轴器9可按要求使燃气透平组,即燃气透平A和发电机8,与蒸汽透平11脱开。从该燃气透平组的最后透平5中流出的废气7流过废热蒸汽发生器10,该废热蒸汽发生器10与蒸汽循环现行有效连接。借助于一个这样的蒸汽循环该废热蒸汽发生器利用废气7的剩余潜热可以产生热值高的大量蒸汽,该种蒸汽可确保使至少一台蒸汽透平运行。由出版物EP-A1-0674099可得出各种与燃气/蒸汽-复合装置的运行相关的蒸汽循环。该出版物也同样构成了现有技术说明书表示的必不可少的技术状态。
总结地说来,此处简短地描述了所述的蒸汽循环。废气7如已说明的那样流过在此处只局部示出的废热蒸汽发生器10,然后作为烟气排出。在可提供两种质量的不同蒸汽量时,该个此处只局部示出的废热蒸汽发生器10表示为一个实施例变型。此处作为示例没有清楚地示出连接到废热蒸汽发生器上的带有所述的鼓的普通节能器。作为示例地,由箭头23表示的热水从节能器级或蒸汽鼓中流出而流入废热蒸汽发生器10,在该废热蒸汽发生器中该热水通过多个热交换段而变成过热蒸汽20。然后将该过热蒸汽20加载到高压-蒸汽透平12,此时其上游设有一排相同的阀21。在该透平12中膨胀后,蒸汽22返回入该废热蒸汽发生器10中,在该废热蒸汽发生器10中该蒸汽通过一条单独的流动线路重新得到热量再生。因此形成一过热蒸汽量16,该过热蒸汽量16紧接着使中压/低压-蒸汽透平11加载。该两个根据压力划分的蒸汽透平级11也可相互分开,或者只有该两级中的一个可交替地存在。膨胀后无压蒸汽17将流过水-或空冷冷却器15。冷却液18由一排最好是处于此处没有示出的供水箱和出气器19中的输送泵24输送并从此处重新送回到废热蒸汽发生器10中,在此,对阶式蒸发器与一个或多个蒸汽发生管路的有效连接的可能的接通没有进行详细深入地讨论。高压蒸汽透平12由一个传动装置13与主轴14,最好是中压/低压-蒸汽透平11相连。
该线路的工作方式如下:在该复合装置卸载时,在该高压-蒸汽透平12上游起作用的阀21全部关闭。此时在发电机8和透平11(此处为中压/低压-蒸汽透平)之间设置的联轴器9啮合,以致于该燃气透平组(即燃气透平A和发电机8)相对蒸汽透平11,12产生脱离。借助这样的脱离,从而燃气透平侧的主轴与燃气透平A和发电机8的叶片机械形成有效连接。因此该燃气透平组A+8可以单机运行方式运行,从而不涉及该脱开的蒸汽透平11。在该蒸汽透平组内存在一个下降并决不大于该燃气透平组处于单机运行时的转速的转速。该燃气透平组A+8也设有一个由于脱开而本身可升高但不超过保护转速的转速。在另一方面,在附属于废热蒸汽发生器10的中间过热器10a的流动线路中的蒸汽通过中压/低压-蒸汽透平11自由地膨胀,因此通过进一步的保险装置可使该蒸汽透平11转速下降。因此该中间过热器10a或其蒸汽管路是如此地优化,以致于因卸载而产生的剩余容量不会导致产生超速运行;因此原则上讲对于这样的配置来说该蒸汽透平11的保险装置(即截止阀)是不必要的。该联轴器9最好是自同步的联轴器,该联轴器带有自动脱开的工作过程。带有相应的调节阀26的旁通管路25从输送高压的蒸汽管路20处分支出来并直接导入冷却器15中。所以该蒸汽透平11可得到足够的保险,以致于在卸载,起动或正常断开时,不必提供从辅助装置流出以便用于对其进行冷却的蒸汽量。
                  标号
A,燃气透平;               1,压气机单元;
2,第一燃烧室;             3,第一透平;
4,第二燃烧室;             5,第二透平;
6,吸入的空气;             7,废气;
8,发电机;                 9,联轴器;
10,废热蒸汽发生器,        10a,中间过热器;
11,中压/低压-蒸汽透平;    12,高压蒸汽透平;
13,传动装置;              14,主轴,转子;
15,冷却器;                16中间过热蒸汽;
17,无压蒸汽;              18,冷却液;
19,至给水箱和除气器或废热蒸汽发生器;
20,过热蒸汽;              21,阀;
22,从高压透平来的蒸汽;
23,从节能器来;          24,输送泵;
25,旁通管路;            26,调节阀

Claims (3)

1,一种复合装置运行的方法,其中该复合装置包括一个燃气透平、至少一个发电机及一个蒸汽循环,该蒸汽循环包括一废热蒸汽发生器、至少一个低压-和/中压-蒸汽透平及一个高压蒸汽透平,其特征在于:在卸载时,至少一个在高压-蒸汽透平(12)上游起作用的阀(21)关闭,该燃气透平(A)和发电机(8)与该低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平(11)脱开,以致于燃气透平(A)和发电机(8)自身单机运行,脱开的蒸汽透平(11)的转速不大于燃气透平(A)和发电机(8)的转速,在附属于废热蒸汽发生器(10)的一个中间过热器(10a)的流动线路中的蒸汽(16)通过该低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平(11)自由膨胀,并且通过这种膨胀,燃气透平(A)和发电机(8)的转速升高但不高于其保护转速。
2,如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于:该高压蒸汽透平(12),低压-和/或中压-蒸汽透平(11)通过一个蒸汽输送管路(25)进行旁通。
3,如权利要求2所述方法,其特征在于:该旁通管路(25)中的蒸汽将输送入一个附属于蒸汽循环的冷却器(15)中。
CN98124303A 1997-10-06 1998-10-05 一台复合装置的运行方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1119517C (zh)

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EP97810738A EP0908602B1 (de) 1997-10-06 1997-10-06 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Kombianlage
EP97810738.1 1997-10-06

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EP (1) EP0908602B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH11193704A (zh)
CN (1) CN1119517C (zh)
DE (1) DE59709511D1 (zh)

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US6141952A (en) 2000-11-07
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JPH11193704A (ja) 1999-07-21
CN1213740A (zh) 1999-04-14
DE59709511D1 (de) 2003-04-17

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