CN111948189A - 一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法 - Google Patents
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
- G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
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Abstract
本发明公开了食品中投毒类物质的拉曼检测方法,包括以下步骤:1)样品处理:取0.1‑10g样品于烧杯中,加入1‑50mL的极性溶剂,超声或振荡提取,所述的食品和极性溶剂的质量体积比为1:0.5至1:20。2)将提取液0.5‑10mL转移至样品管中,加入N‑丙基乙二胺、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸、活性炭、石墨化碳、十八烷基键合硅胶、氧化铝、无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸镁中的一种或多种,振荡让样品充分吸附,离心,上清液作为待测液。3)拉曼检测:取100‑500μL步骤1)中待测液于拉曼样品池中,加入100‑500μL金属溶胶混匀,然后放在拉曼光谱仪检测室内进行检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,属于食品检测领域。
背景技术
投放危险物质案件中“毒害性物质”指能对肌体发生化学或物理化学作用,因而损害肌体、引起功能障碍、疾病甚至死亡的物质。毒物通过口服、注射、皮肤黏膜吸收和呼吸道吸入四种方式进入体内,经过吸收(Absorption)、分布(Distribution)、代谢(Metabolism)、排泄(Excretion)过程,可形成代谢产物。因而投毒案件现场毒物会以原形化合物和代谢产物形式广泛存在于盛装器皿、残留物、包装物、食物成品及原料、被害人体内、呕吐物、低、易污染、变化大,现场多为变动现场、致变原因复杂。如果能够快速对现场毒物进行检验,确定毒物种类、投毒途径和方式,将有利于快速确定侦查方向和范围。现场快速检测方法与实验室检测法相比具有操作简单、高效快速的优点,能减少办案成本、提高办案效率,成为毒物检测手段重要发展方向之一。随着科学技术的不断进步,投毒案件现场毒物快速检验的方法也日新月异,由最初单一依靠化学反应、免疫法逐步向光谱分析法、色谱分析法以及多种方法联用的方式发展(王楠《投毒案件现场毒物快速检验方法的研究进展》)。
现阶段商品化毒物检测试剂盒主要包括基于化学原理开发的试剂盒以及基于免疫技术开发的试剂盒。化学原理开发的试剂盒是基于不同毒物在发生化学反应时产生的特征(颜色、气味、沉淀等)开发的,可以在短时间内对毒物作出判断;免疫技术开发的试剂盒是利用抗原抗体专一结合反应检测和定量分析复杂生物样品中的少量物质。上述两种商品化毒物检测试剂盒都可以实现部分毒物的检测,但其方法本身存在的固有缺点,如部分毒物无有效的化学反应特征,免疫技术在抗体的筛选上存在很大的难度等,限制了其进一步的发展和应用。
拉曼光谱分析法是利用拉曼散射效应,对与入射光频率不同的散射光谱进行分析以得到分子振动、转动方面信息,并应用于分子结构研究的一种分析方法。用某特定波长的激光对物质进行激发,激发后得到的散射波长往往会产生一个波长偏移,这个偏移量是由物质成分决定的,利用这个偏移量来确定分子结构,拉曼光谱仪就是利用这个原理进行设计的。拉曼光谱技术以其信息丰富、制样简单、水的干扰小等独特的优点,在化学、材料、物理、高分子、生物、医药、地质等领域有广泛的应用。结合表面增强拉曼光谱技术(SERS),拉曼光谱分析法适用于毒物种类复杂、含量低、干扰因素多的现场毒物检测。
虽然拉曼光谱分析法的发展,已有不少采用拉曼光谱分析法检测投毒类物质的文献或专利发表。如出口标准SN/T 4698-2016《出口果蔬中百草枯检测拉曼光谱法》中提到以水为提取剂,提取果蔬中百草枯,离心后直接测试。但是该方案只能测试一些色素干扰较少的果蔬,色素含量多的食品及酱油等颜色深的调味品等均无法进行有效的检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种操作简便快捷、费用低廉、可实现现场使用的食品中投毒类物质的检测方法。
本发明解决技术问题的技术方案是:
一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,包括以下步骤:
1)样品处理:取0.1-10g样品于烧杯中,加入1-50mL的极性溶剂,超声或振荡提取,所述的食品和极性溶剂的质量体积比为1:0.5至1:20;
2)将提取液0.5-10mL转移至样品管中,加入N-丙基乙二胺、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸、活性炭、石墨化碳、十八烷基键合硅胶、氧化铝、无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸镁中的一种或多种,振荡让样品充分吸附,离心,上清液作为待测液;
3)拉曼检测:取100-500μL步骤1)中待测液于拉曼样品池中,加入100-500μL金属溶胶混匀,然后放在拉曼光谱仪检测室内进行检测。
4)根据检测结果与投毒物质的标准品SERS进行对比,判断食品中是否含有投毒类物质。
优选的,所述的食品和极性有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:1至1:10。
优选的,步骤2操作完成后,取1-5mL上清液于样品管中,加入2-10mL非极性溶剂,振荡10-20s,静置分层,上层溶液吹干后,加入0.2-1mL极性溶剂洗脱,洗脱液作为待测液。
优选的,所述的极性溶剂为丙酮、乙醇,二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,乙腈、二次水或其混合溶液。
优选的,所述的非极性溶剂为石油醚、正己烷、环己烷或庚烷。
优选的,在加入所述的金属溶胶后再加入无机盐絮凝剂。
优选的,所述无机盐絮凝剂为硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、醋酸盐、磷酸盐、卤化盐的溶液或其混合溶液。
优选的,所述无机盐絮凝剂的浓度为0.01mol/L至饱和。
优选的,所述无机盐絮凝剂的浓度为0.1mol/L-1mol/L。
优选的,所述的金属溶胶为纳米金或纳米银。
本发明中的“食品”包括固态食品和液态食品,其中,液态食品包括单不限于调味品、酒类和饮料,固态食品包括但不限于红烧肉、蛋糕等。
本发明中所述的“投毒类物质”,包括但不限于农药和鼠药。所述的农药和鼠药包括但不限于百草枯、和地虫硫磷、七氯、灭鼠优、溴敌隆等中的至少一种。
本发明与背景技术相比,优点在于:
1、本发明不需使用贵重仪器,成本低廉,操作简单,前处理及检测用时短,5min-10min内完成样品前处理、检测和结果分析,方便快捷,本发明有机溶剂低毒无害,用量少,对操作人员安全无伤害,适合于对食品中投毒类物质的现场快速检测。
2、本发明可同时检测多种投毒类物质,包括但不限于百草枯、有机磷等农药,溴敌隆、灭鼠优、毒鼠强等鼠药,且能准确将各种投毒类物质定性,适应范围广。
3、本发明能够用于复杂基质的样品,比如含大量色素、油脂、淀粉等,此类样品包括酱油,肉制品、米面制品等。
4、本发明的检测方法的灵敏度可达0.1-10mg/kg,满足使用要求。
附图说明
图1为几种投毒类物质的SERS谱图。
图2为本发明实施例1中红酒中0.1mg/kg百草枯的SERS谱图。
图3为本发明实施例2中红烧肉中50mg/kg溴敌隆的SERS谱图。
图4为本发明实施例3中蛋糕中10mg/kg地虫硫磷的SERS谱图。
图5为本发明实施例4中酱油中20mg/kg七氯的SERS谱图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明
纳米金合成:先将100mL含0.01%的HAuCl4溶液加热至沸腾,迅速加入1mL 1%柠檬酸三钠水溶液,加热回流1h,冷却至室温。
纳米银合成:先将100mL含1mM的硝酸银溶液加热至沸腾,迅速加入1mL 1%柠檬酸三钠水溶液,加热回流1h,冷却至室温。
实施例1
取红酒0.5mL,加入百草枯标准品使其浓度为1mg/kg,加入5mL二次水振荡提取,取1mL提取液于样品管中,加入50mg石墨化碳,振荡20s左右,静置至上清液澄清,取200μL上清液于另一样品管中,加入5mL二次水,振荡后作为待测液备用。取200μL样品于拉曼样品瓶中,加入100μL纳米银,再加入100μL浓度为1mol/L氯化钠混匀,将拉曼样品瓶转移至拉曼检测室,进行拉曼检测。得如图2的表面增强拉曼光谱。图2中显示此方法能检测到白酒中含0.1mg/kg百草枯的SERS信号。
实施例2
取红烧肉样品5g,加入溴敌隆标准品使其浓度为50mg/kg,加入20mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺超声2min提取,取3mL提取液样品管中,加入1g无水硫酸钠和100mg N-丙基乙二胺,振荡20s左右,静置,取1mL上清液于样品管中,加入5mL浓度为0.1mol/L的氯化钾溶液,振荡后作为待测液备用。取200μL样品于拉曼样品瓶中,加入200μL纳米金混匀,将拉曼样品瓶转移至拉曼检测室,进行拉曼检测。得如图3的表面增强拉曼光谱。图3中显示此方法能检测到红烧肉中50mg/kg溴敌隆的SERS信号。
实施例3
取1g蛋糕,加入地虫硫磷标准品使其浓度为10mg/kg,加入10mL乙腈超声2min提取,取3mL提取液于样品管中,加入100mg N-丙基乙二胺和200mg氧化铝,振荡20s左右,静置至上清液澄清,取2mL上清液转移至另一样品管中,加入5mL环己烷,振荡20s左右,静置分层,取3mL上清液于挥发瓶中,氮气吹干。往挥发瓶中加入500μL甲醇,振荡数次,作为待测液备用。取100μL样品于拉曼样品瓶中,加入200μL纳米金混匀,在加入200μL浓度为0.1mol/L的氯化钾溶液混匀,将拉曼样品瓶转移至拉曼检测室,进行拉曼检测。得如图4的表面增强拉曼光谱。图4中显示此方法能检测到蛋糕中10mg/kg地虫硫磷的SERS信号。
实施例4
取0.5g酱油,加入七氯标准品使其浓度为20mg/kg,加入5mL乙腈超声2min提取,取3mL提取液于样品管中,加入200mg磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸和10mg活性炭,取100μL上清液转移至另一样品管中,加入1mL含50%的乙醇水溶液,振荡混匀后作为待测液备用。取50μL样品于拉曼样品瓶中,加入200μL纳米金混匀,再加入50μL浓度为1mol/L的氯化钠溶液混匀,将拉曼样品瓶转移至拉曼检测室,进行拉曼检测。得如图5的表面增强拉曼光谱。图5中显示此方法能检测到酱油中20mg/kg七氯的SERS信号。
Claims (8)
1.一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)样品处理:取0.1-10g样品于烧杯中,加入1-50mL的极性溶剂,超声或振荡提取,所述的食品和极性溶剂的质量体积比为1:0.5至1:20;
2)将提取液0.5-10mL转移至样品管中,加入N-丙基乙二胺、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸、活性炭、石墨化碳、十八烷基键合硅胶、氧化铝、无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸镁中的一种或多种,振荡让样品充分吸附,离心,上清液作为待测液;
3)拉曼检测:取100-500μL步骤1)中待测液于拉曼样品池中,加入100-500μL金属溶胶混匀,然后放在拉曼光谱仪检测室内进行检测;
4)根据检测结果与投毒物质的标准品SERS进行对比,判断食品中是否含有投毒类物质。
2.如权利要求1中所述的一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于,步骤2操作完成后,取1-5mL上清液于样品管中,加入2-10mL非极性溶剂,振荡10-20s,静置分层,上层溶液吹干后,加入0.2-1mL极性溶剂洗脱,洗脱液作为待测液。
3.如权利要求1或2中所述的一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于:所述的极性有机溶剂为丙酮、乙醇,二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、乙腈、水或其混合溶液。
4.如权利要求2中所述的一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于:所述的非极性有机溶剂为石油醚、正己烷、环己烷或庚烷。
5.如权利要求1中所述的一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于:所述的食品和极性有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:1至1:10。
6.如权利要求1中所述的一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于:所述无机盐絮凝剂为硫酸盐、硝酸盐、碳酸盐、硅酸盐、醋酸盐、磷酸盐、卤化盐的溶液或其混合溶液。
7.如权利要求6中所述的一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于:在加入所述的金属溶胶后再加入0.01mol/L至饱和的无机盐絮凝剂。
8.如权利要求6中所述的一种食品中投毒类物质的检测方法,其特征在于:在加入所述的金属溶胶后再加入0.1mol/L-1mol/L无机盐絮凝剂。
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