CN111943592A - 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111943592A CN111943592A CN202010793712.9A CN202010793712A CN111943592A CN 111943592 A CN111943592 A CN 111943592A CN 202010793712 A CN202010793712 A CN 202010793712A CN 111943592 A CN111943592 A CN 111943592A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- carbon
- ceramsite
- carbon fiber
- concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 61
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 crushed ceramsite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013008 moisture curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/40—Mixing specially adapted for preparing mixtures containing fibres
- B28C5/402—Methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/386—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/38—Fibrous materials; Whiskers
- C04B14/42—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法,该混凝土包括以下组分:水泥270‑300份,陶粒130‑220,粉煤灰85‑110份,煤渣灰360‑480份,减水剂5.5‑7份,玻璃纤维0.7‑0.9份,水110‑160份,接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维0.7‑1.2份,发泡剂5%‑9%。上述混凝土的制备方法,包括如下步骤:首先将大陶粒破碎后备用,然后经配料、投料、浇筑并振捣、拆模及养护制得。在具备低成本、节能环保的同时依然具备较强的力学性能和耐久性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混凝土及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
混凝土是当今建筑工程领域最常使用的土木工程材料,因其价格低廉、制备工艺简单且抗压强度较大等优点受到广泛使用。但一般的混凝土在硬化干燥后表面和内部易形成大量微小气孔,且在温度较低时,混凝土在使用过程中形成大量微小裂缝,多种因素导致混凝土的强度、抗渗性和耐久性出现严重问题,因此使用寿命受到限制,使其不能满足各种建筑工程对于混凝土材料的使用要求,限制了其实际应用。传统提高混凝土性能的主要措施即通过优化原材料,减小水灰比,提升养护条件等,但这些工艺流程不仅耗时,也抬高了混凝土的制作成本。
陶粒是一种可代替重质砂石子的轻质保温骨料。质地坚硬,密度小,重量轻,强度高,内部微孔呈蜂窝状导致其孔隙率较高,具有一定的抗渗性、抗冻性、保温性和耐腐蚀性。在一些房屋建筑领域里,主要可用作隔热耐火材料,虽外表坚硬,但质地较轻,是由于内部的微孔是封闭的,气体进入壳内无法连通,呈包裹状态;在一些水工建筑领域,其陶粒混凝土的抗渗性能和耐久性能优于一般的混凝土,是由于陶粒表面相较于碎石要粗糙,且具有一定的吸水能力,导致陶粒与水泥砂浆之间的粘结性能良好。
在陶粒的使用过程中,可根据不同的需求将陶粒加入到不同强度等级的混凝土中,以便制成不同类型的内部墙体构件和外部的工程结构。但陶粒目前仍以黏土作为主要原料,需要消耗大量的自然资源,久而久之就会产生天然的大陶粒不够用,以及人工制备小陶粒制作流程复杂、可靠度差等,并未从源头上解决节能环保等问题。虽然通过优化原材料,减小水灰比,提升养护条件等一定程度上能够提升混凝土的整体性能,但工艺流程不较为复杂,而且耗时耗力,也在整体上提高了混凝土的制作成本。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种在具备低成本、节能环保的同时依然具备较强的力学性能和耐久性能的轻质保温高强度混凝土;
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种轻质保温高强度混凝土的制备方法。
技术方案:本发明的轻质保温高强度混凝土,包括以下组分:水泥270-300份,陶粒130-220,粉煤灰85-110份,煤渣灰360-480份,减水剂5.5-7份,玻璃纤维0.7-0.9份,水110-160份,接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维0.7-1.2份,发泡剂5%-9%。
优选地,所述陶粒为大陶粒经过破碎后形成的粒径为5~10mm的陶粒。
优选地,所述接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维长度为3~6mm。
优选地,所述玻璃纤维的长度为20~30mm。玻璃纤维能在一定程度上提高混凝土的抗拉压性能,提高混凝土的抗冲击性能,且吸水性较小,安定性较好,一定程度上耐高温且绝缘性能良好。
优选地,所述接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维通过以下方法制得:
(1)分别利用混酸对碳纳米管和碳纤维进行酸化处理,后分别稀释至中性,干燥后备用;
(2)称取干燥后的碳纳米管及碳纤维加入反应釜内,并加入表面活性剂,将反应釜放入真空干燥箱中加热,后清洗干燥,得到所述接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维材料。
优选地,所述碳纳米管和碳纤维的质量比为4:1~6:1。
优选地,所述接枝有碳纳米管的碳纤维的制备方法中,所述加热的温度为180℃~200℃,时间为48h~50h。
上述轻质保温高强度混凝土的制备方法,包括如下步骤:首先将大陶粒破碎后备用,然后经配料、投料、浇筑并振捣、拆模及养护制得。
优选地,包括如下步骤:
(1)选料并称重:按照材料的配比称取原料;
(2)投料并搅拌:将按比例称取的水泥、破碎陶粒、粉煤灰、煤渣灰、玻璃纤维以及接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维加入搅拌机中,先低速干拌20-30s,再加入水、减水剂、发泡剂高速湿拌30-40s,后停拌,将叶片和锅壁上的材料刮至拌和锅内部,再搅拌;
(3)浇筑并振捣:将拌和好的混凝土放入模板中,先振捣20-30s,至不产生气泡;再用振实台振动处理20-30s,后将模具表面的混凝土刮至平整;
(4)拆模及养护:根据环境温度一段时间后进行拆模,拆模后将试块放入湿气养护箱进行养护。
(4)强度测试:将养护了3d和28d的混凝土试块放入万能压力试验机中,测其整体的抗压性能。
通过石子压碎仪对大尺寸陶粒进行破碎,并选取粒径范围为5.0mm-10.0mm的破碎大陶粒加入到混凝土的制作过程中,并掺入一定量的磨细矿物掺合料,即I级粉煤灰、煤渣灰,再加入减水剂和发泡剂,可在一定程度上改善混凝土的和易性,提高抗硫酸盐性能和耐化学侵蚀性能,降低水化热,减少坍落度的损失。
将大陶粒破碎之后加入到混凝土中,可有效弥补天然大陶粒因用量不足,以及人工制备小陶粒工艺较为复杂、可靠度较差等缺陷,减轻了混凝土的自重,增大了混凝土的堆积密度,提高了混凝土的和易性,且替代了骨料砂石的轻质破碎陶粒保温环保,工艺简单、节能减材;同时,为了弥补大陶粒因破碎之后而造成的颗粒间的较大的孔隙,避免因吸水率过高而造成混凝土整体强度受到破坏,在混凝土中掺入玻璃纤维和接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维,作为复合增强材料,可有效降低混凝土界面及内部产生的孔隙,提高混凝土的力学性能和耐久性能,延长试块的使用寿命,降低试块的破坏程度,从而使得本发明在具备节能环保的同时依然具备较强的力学性能和耐久性能。
接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维可填充大陶粒因破碎之后而造成的颗粒间的较大的孔隙,避免了因吸水率过高而造成混凝土整体强度受到破坏。利用碳纳米管优异的填充作用和桥联作用,改善混凝土内部的界面空隙,提升界面间的密实度;利用碳纤维优异的粘结性能和力学性能,提升混凝土的整体使用强度;综合二者的优异性能,将接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维加入到掺有陶粒的混凝土中,既解决了碳纳米管在水泥基中不易分散的难题,也增强了碳纤维与水泥基体的界面结合能力,提高了其抗冻性、抗离子侵蚀性和耐久性,使得混凝土的使用寿命相较于普通混凝土提高数倍。
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,取得如下显著效果:1、在具备低成本、节能环保的同时依然具备较强的力学性能和耐久性能;2、接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维加入到掺有陶粒的混凝土中,既解决了碳纳米管在水泥基中不易分散的难题,也增强了碳纤维与水泥基体的界面结合能力,提高了其抗冻性、抗离子侵蚀性和耐久性,使得混凝土的使用寿命相较于普通混凝土提高数倍;3、在混凝土中掺入玻璃纤维和接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维,作为复合增强材料,可有效降低混凝土界面及内部产生的孔隙,提高混凝土的力学性能和耐久性能,延长试块的使用寿命,降低试块的破坏程度;4、粉煤灰和煤渣灰的掺入减少了水泥的用量,降低了因水泥的水化反应造成的混凝土表面出现疏松多孔等缺陷。减水剂和发泡剂的选用减少了水的用量,降低了坍落度的损失。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
本发明的轻质保温高强度混凝土,包括以下组分:水泥270kg,陶粒130kg,I级粉煤灰85kg,煤渣灰360kg,减水剂5.5kg,发泡剂5%,玻璃纤维0.7kg,接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维0.7kg,水110kg。其中,水泥为P.O42.5普通硅酸盐水泥。水灰比为0.45,陶粒为5-10mm的预湿破碎陶粒,减水剂的种类为UC-III,玻璃纤维的长度平均约为20mm,接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维长度平均约为5mm。本发明大陶粒指粒径范围为20~25mm,小陶粒指粒径为2.5~10mm。
上述轻质保温高强度混凝土的制备方法为:
(1)选料并称重:按照材料的配比和标准称取水泥、陶粒、I级粉煤灰、煤渣灰、减水剂、发泡剂、玻璃纤维、接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维、水等9种配料;
(2)投料并搅拌:将按比例称取的水泥、破碎陶粒、粉煤灰、煤渣灰、玻璃纤维以及接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维加入搅拌机中,先低速干拌20s左右,使得各个组分材料均匀分散,再加入水、减水剂、发泡剂高速湿拌30s左右,接着停拌15s,使用橡皮挂具将叶片和锅壁上的材料刮至拌和锅中间,最后再搅拌3min;
(3)浇筑并振捣:把拌和好的混凝土放入模板中,先用高频振捣棒振捣密实,振捣时间为20s,以混凝土表面泛浆和不产生气泡为准;再用振实台振动处理20s,把混凝土的水泥浆振动出来,结束后将模具表面的混凝土刮至平整;
(4)拆模及养护:根据环境温度24h后进行拆模,拆模后将试块放入湿气养护箱进行养护;
(5)强度测试:将养护了3d和28d的混凝土试块放入万能压力试验机中,测其整体的抗压性能。
步骤(2)中接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维的制备过程为:(1)称取0.1g的多壁碳纳米管MWCNT,分别称取75mL质量分数为98%的浓硝酸和25mL质量分数为68%的浓硫酸,将其在烧杯中按浓硝酸与浓硫酸3:1的体积比配置成混酸溶液,将得到的混酸加入到装有碳纳米管的平底烧瓶中,用超声分散仪在600w条件下将烧瓶连续脉冲超声波超声分散15min,然后将分散后的碳纳米管放入到磁力搅拌器中在80℃下酸氧化处理8h,酸化处理完成后在平底烧瓶中加入去离子水将酸液稀释,采用微孔滤膜真空减压过滤,用蒸发皿回收酸氧化后的碳纳米管,用去离子水反复清洗,直至滤液PH值为7。
(2)称取碳纤维1g加入圆底烧瓶中,再加入浓硝酸与浓硫酸体积比为3:1的混酸150ml到烧瓶中,在室温条件下将碳纤维T300与混酸反应8h,反应完成后用去离子水将碳纤维洗净,直至清洗后去离子水为中性,将酸氧化处理碳纤维T300在100℃真空干燥24h后存放备用。
(3)称取酸氧化的碳纳米管0.06g,将其放入100mL的水热釜内釜中,然后以碳纳米管:DMF为1(g):1000(mL)的比例,在水热釜中假如加入60gDMF,再在其中加入10mL的乙二胺,将溶液超声分散1h,然后将碳纤维0.015g加入反应釜,超声分散15min,最后将反应釜放入烘箱中在180℃下反应50h,将碳纤维取出在乙醇中超声15min,抽滤并去除表面残余的碳纳米管和乙二胺溶液等,放入80℃烘箱中烘干,放于干燥处以备用。
(4)采用甲基纤维素作为接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维的分散剂,甲基纤维素与接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维的质量比为1:1。由于升高温度可有效地加快甲基纤维素溶于水中的速度,故先将水加热至40℃左右,再将甲基纤维素溶于水中,不断搅拌,然后加入接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维,放在磁力搅拌器中搅拌15min,分散完毕,将分散好的接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维分散液装入广口瓶中置于阴凉处保存待用。
实施例2
基本与实施例1相同,不同的是,水泥285kg,陶粒180kg,I级粉煤灰100kg,煤渣灰420kg,减水剂6.3kg,发泡剂7%,玻璃纤维0.8kg,接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维0.9kg,水160kg。水灰比为0.56,陶粒为5mm左右的预湿破碎陶粒,玻璃纤维的长度为30mm,接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维长度为3mm。
制备方法中:步骤(2)中,先低速干拌20s左右,使得各个组分材料均匀分散,再加入水、减水剂、发泡剂高速湿拌30s左右;
步骤(3)中,先用高频振捣棒振捣密实,振捣时间为25s,再用振实台振动处理25s。
实施例3
基本与实施例1相同,不同的是,水泥300kg,陶粒220kg,I级粉煤灰110kg,煤渣灰480kg,减水剂7kg,发泡剂9%,玻璃纤维0.9kg,接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维1.2kg,水110kg,水灰比为0.36,陶粒为10mm左右的预湿破碎陶粒,玻璃纤维的长度为25mm,接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维长度为6mm。
制备方法中:步骤(2)中,先低速干拌30s左右,使得各个组分材料均匀分散,再加入水、减水剂、发泡剂高速湿拌40s左右;
步骤(3)中,先用高频振捣棒振捣密实,振捣时间为30s,再用振实台振动处理30s。
实施例4
基本与实施例1相同,不同的是,水泥290kg,陶粒210kg,I级粉煤灰90kg,煤渣灰400kg,减水剂6.5kg,发泡剂8%,玻璃纤维0.85kg,接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维1.0kg,水150kg,水灰比为0.34,陶粒为6.5mm左右的预湿破碎陶粒,玻璃纤维的长度为23mm,接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维长度为4mm。
不同陶粒的吸水率测试结果,如表1所示;不同陶粒在3d、28d的强度测试结果如表2所示。
表1
从表1中可以看出大陶粒和小陶粒的吸水率相差不大,但当大陶粒破碎之后,其孔隙逐渐暴露导致其吸水率变大,这在一定程度上为混凝土提供了良好的保温性能,但吸水率不宜过大,过大时会导致混凝土在温度较低时抗冻性能变差,强度出现破坏。
表2
从表2中可以看出在3d和28d的测试结果中相较于小陶粒,大陶粒有更大的抗压强度,而当实施例1使用破碎的大陶粒,并加入玻璃纤维和接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维复合增强材料可有效提升试块的抗压强度。原因在于其复合材料可有效改善大陶粒因破碎而暴露出的大量孔隙,使得陶粒大量吸水而降低混凝土试块的强度,接枝了碳纳米管的碳纤维利用其优异的桥联作用和填充作用,减少了混凝土中产生的大量孔隙,增强了界面之间的粘结性能,加之使用玻璃纤维这种韧性较好、强度较大的材料,可有效增强混凝土的力学性能,延长混凝土材料的使用寿命。
Claims (8)
1.一种轻质保温高强度混凝土,其特征在于,包括以下组分:水泥270-300份,陶粒130-220,粉煤灰85-110份,煤渣灰360-480份,减水剂5.5-7份,玻璃纤维0.7-0.9份,水110-160份,接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维0.7-1.2份,发泡剂5%-9%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻质保温高强度混凝土,其特征在于,所述陶粒为大陶粒经过破碎后形成的粒径为5~10mm的陶粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻质保温高强度混凝土,其特征在于,所述接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维长度为3~6mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的轻质保温高强度混凝土,其特征在于,所述玻璃纤维的长度为20~30mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轻质保温高强度混凝土,其特征在于,所述接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维通过以下方法制得:
(1)分别利用混酸对碳纳米管和碳纤维进行酸化处理,后分别稀释至中性,干燥后备用;
(2)称取干燥后的碳纳米管及碳纤维加入反应釜内,并加入表面活性剂,将反应釜放入真空干燥箱中加热,后清洗干燥,得到所述接枝碳纳米管的碳纤维材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的轻质保温高强度混凝土,其特征在于,所述碳纳米管和碳纤维的质量比为4:1~6:1。
7.根据权利要求5所述的轻质保温高强度混凝土,其特征在于,所述接枝有碳纳米管的碳纤维的制备方法中,所述加热的温度为180℃~200℃,时间为48h~50h。
8.一种权利要求1所述轻质保温高强度混凝土的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:首先将大陶粒破碎后备用,然后经配料、投料、浇筑并振捣、拆模及养护制得。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010793712.9A CN111943592A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN202110405261.1A CN113149553A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-04-15 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010793712.9A CN111943592A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN111943592A true CN111943592A (zh) | 2020-11-17 |
Family
ID=73333308
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202010793712.9A Withdrawn CN111943592A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN202110405261.1A Pending CN113149553A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-04-15 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110405261.1A Pending CN113149553A (zh) | 2020-08-10 | 2021-04-15 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (2) | CN111943592A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112608113A (zh) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-04-06 | 胡杰 | 一种活性粉末混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN113149553A (zh) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-07-23 | 河海大学 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103121814B (zh) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-12-10 | 广西工学院 | 一种轻质混凝土及其制备方法及应用 |
CN103755252A (zh) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-30 | 广西科技大学 | 一种新型混凝土及制备方法 |
CN108793872A (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2018-11-13 | 永春福源建材科技有限公司 | 一种陶粒发泡混凝土 |
CN107235681B (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2020-02-21 | 宁波普利凯建筑科技有限公司 | 自保温墙体陶粒混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN107954649A (zh) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-04-24 | 马鞍山拓锐金属表面技术有限公司 | 一种硅酸盐包覆改性废旧eps轻骨料的制备方法 |
CN108947566A (zh) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-07 | 天津市新军盛大混凝土有限公司 | 一种低收缩低粘度高强混凝土 |
CN110451895A (zh) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-15 | 深圳市奇信集团股份有限公司 | 一种相变墙体浆料及其制备方法 |
CN111943592A (zh) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-17 | 河海大学 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-08-10 CN CN202010793712.9A patent/CN111943592A/zh not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-04-15 CN CN202110405261.1A patent/CN113149553A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113149553A (zh) * | 2020-08-10 | 2021-07-23 | 河海大学 | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN112608113A (zh) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-04-06 | 胡杰 | 一种活性粉末混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN112608113B (zh) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-02-01 | 深圳市利建混凝土有限公司 | 一种活性粉末混凝土及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113149553A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN112723806A (zh) | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN103011896B (zh) | 一种泡沫混凝土 | |
CN104016617B (zh) | 一种混凝土强效剂及其制备方法 | |
CN110395963B (zh) | 一种建筑垃圾再生混凝土 | |
CN107572969B (zh) | 一种海砂超高性能混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN111099860A (zh) | 一种高性能抗冻混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN109796175A (zh) | 一种耐火蒸压加气混凝土砌块砖 | |
CN104478324A (zh) | 一种耐高温的地聚物基加固修补砂浆及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN113831152B (zh) | 一种全固废高强透水地聚合物混凝土及其制备方法 | |
KR20090036952A (ko) | 터널 라이닝용 콘크리트 조성물 | |
CN110078449B (zh) | 一种利用冲洗碎石和机制砂产生的淤泥制备的免烧砖及其制备方法 | |
CN113149553A (zh) | 一种轻质保温高强度混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN111253127A (zh) | 一种c30碳纤维碎砖再生混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN111875301A (zh) | 一种再生骨料混凝土的纳米强化方法及得到的强化再生骨料 | |
CN111320436A (zh) | 一种碳纳米管面板混凝土配合比设计及其制备方法 | |
CN111484293A (zh) | 一种抗冻性高性能混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN111362636A (zh) | 一种c60碳纤维混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN118724512A (zh) | 一种集抗冻承重于一体的粉煤灰泡沫混凝土制备方法及应用 | |
CN114213078A (zh) | 湿喷法水泥微珠组合胶凝体系喷射混凝土修复加固材料 | |
CN114163173A (zh) | 一种轻质混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN108585677A (zh) | 一种超高强玄武岩纤维复合混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN110451874B (zh) | 一种现浇轻质墙板及其制备方法 | |
CN110845188A (zh) | 一种无砂大孔混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN110937867A (zh) | 一种轻质陶粒混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN116835914A (zh) | 一种再生骨料混凝土及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication | ||
WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20201117 |