CN111940999A - Processing method of high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener - Google Patents
Processing method of high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
- B21F45/16—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of devices for fastening or securing purposes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/24—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with neutral solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/06—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using emulsions
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of an aluminum alloy fastener with high strength, high precision and a complex structure, which comprises the following steps: modifying the superhard aluminum alloy raw material: heating and extruding through two-stage homogenizing annealing treatment to obtain a fastener processing material, wherein the modified material meets the requirement of cold upsetting that 75% of deformation does not crack; performing cold heading processing on the processed material to obtain a blank; carrying out solution quenching and two-stage aging treatment on the blank, wherein the tensile strength of the product reaches more than 500MPa, and the hardness is more than 160 HV; performing precision machining on the blank subjected to the aging treatment to obtain a product; and cleaning the surface of the product prepared by the precision machining, and removing oil stains and impurities with the diameter of more than 15 microns on the surface of the product. The invention optimizes the production and processing process by using the superhard aluminum alloy on the basis of meeting the requirements of product structure, mechanical property, surface precision and cleanliness, and adopts the raw material modification, cold heading processing, heat treatment, precision machining and cleaning process to replace the pure machining and cleaning process, thereby greatly improving the product processing efficiency and the material utilization rate and reducing the processing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing method of an aluminum alloy fastener with a high-strength high-precision complex structure.
Background
The aluminum alloy has good corrosion resistance, multiple forming methods, high recycling degree, good heat and electric conductivity, large strength and small density, the density of the aluminum alloy is only one third of that of steel, the light weight characteristic of the aluminum alloy is superior to that of steel, the impact resistance is good, the weight reduction effect is obvious, the aluminum alloy is a non-ferrous metal structural material which is most widely applied in industry, and the aluminum alloy is widely applied to aviation, aerospace, automobile, mechanical manufacturing, ships and chemical industry. In the application of aluminum alloy in automobiles, conventional steel fasteners have certain defects in the connection of aluminum materials due to the factors of potential corrosion, different thermal expansion coefficients and the like, so that the research on aluminum fasteners, especially high-strength aluminum fasteners, is urgent. At present, super-hard aluminum alloys, such as aluminum alloys with the trade names 7050, 7075 or 7A03, are often selected for high-strength aluminum alloy fasteners with tensile strength greater than 500 MPa.
The superhard aluminum alloy material has high strength and low plasticity, a precision machining process is usually adopted for machining a precise complex structure, and the precise cutting machining is a process of cutting off an extremely thin metal layer on the surface of a workpiece by depending on a machine tool with high precision and good rigidity and a fine cutter sharpening at a very high or very low cutting speed, a very small cutting depth and a very small feeding amount, so that the machining precision of the part is obviously improved, the quality of the machined surface is greatly improved, and the workpiece with high strength, high precision and a complex structure can be machined. However, the precision machining has high requirements on equipment, and meanwhile, the pure machining process has low efficiency and low material utilization rate.
The existing cold heading process is a common processing mode in the fastener industry, is suitable for processing fasteners with good material plasticity and simple structures, is high in production efficiency, can achieve a material utilization rate of 80-100%, and can improve the mechanical property of parts processed by the cold heading process. Although the cold heading process is difficult to be directly used for processing high-strength high-precision fasteners with complex structures, the cold heading process has high material utilization rate and high processing efficiency which are not possessed by a simple machining process, and the processing cost can be obviously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that a cold heading forming process is difficult to process a high-strength high-precision complex-structure fastener, and the pure machining efficiency and the material utilization rate are low.
Therefore, the processing method of the high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the method for remanufacturing the super-hard aluminum alloy raw material has the advantages that the super-hard aluminum alloy raw material is softened, and plasticity is improved, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on a superhard aluminum alloy raw material, and then cooling the superhard aluminum alloy raw material to room temperature by natural air; secondly, performing hot extrusion on the raw materials subjected to the homogenizing annealing treatment to obtain wires of specified specifications, and then naturally cooling the wires to room temperature; preparing a processing material through the steps;
secondly, performing cold heading processing on the fastener processing material to obtain a blank, wherein the cold heading processing comprises material cutting, shaping, upsetting, forward and backward combined extrusion, punching and the like;
subjecting the blank to solution quenching and artificial aging treatment;
fourthly, precisely machining the blank subjected to the human labor effect treatment to obtain a product, wherein the working procedures comprise boring, thread cutting, surface milling, super-precision machining, chamfering and the like;
and fifthly, carrying out surface cleaning on the product prepared by the precision machining, and removing oil stains and impurities on the surface of the product.
Preferably, the homogenizing annealing treatment method in the step (1) is two-stage homogenizing annealing treatment, the homogenizing annealing treatment is carried out at 450-550 ℃ for 10-15 h, then the homogenizing annealing treatment is carried out at 480-520 ℃ for 7-9 h, and after the two homogenizing annealing treatments, the natural air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Preferably, after the two-stage homogenizing annealing treatment in the step (1), hot extrusion treatment is carried out at the temperature of 460-500 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 22-25, and the discharging speed is 1.8-2.2 m/min.
Preferably, the blank subjected to cold heading in the step (3) is subjected to heat preservation at 500-540 ℃ for 30-50 min in a salt bath furnace, and then subjected to water quenching treatment.
Preferably, the blank after the solution quenching treatment in the step (3) is subjected to two-stage artificial aging treatment: firstly, carrying out first artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 70-100 ℃ for 20-40 h, carrying out second artificial aging treatment at the temperature of 130-160 ℃ for 4-8 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the two artificial aging treatments.
Preferably, the surface cleaning method in the step (5) is as follows: firstly, spraying and cleaning by using a first cleaning agent at a high pressure of 100bar by using a water gun to clean most of oil stains and large-particle impurities on the surface of a product; secondly, performing ultrasonic oscillation cleaning at the temperature of 60 ℃ in an ultrasonic oscillation cleaning machine by using a second cleaning agent under the heating condition at 80khz to realize thorough cleaning of the inside and the outside of the product and cleaning of various micron-sized particles and fiber impurities; thirdly, ultrasonic oscillation cleaning is carried out by a third cleaning agent at 80khz to form a protective film on the surface of the part. The first cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 3: 2: 1: mixing at a ratio of 10; the second cleaning agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, polyethylene glycol oleate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate and water, wherein the weight ratio of the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether to the polyethylene glycol oleate to the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to the water is 3: 1: 1: 1: mixing at a ratio of 10; the third cleaning agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of polyepoxysuccinic acid sodium to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid to self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion is 1: 1: mixing at a ratio of 10.
The invention provides the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the application of the cold heading process is realized by modifying the superhard aluminum alloy raw material, the blank is prepared by adopting the cold heading forming process, the machining workload of the post-process is greatly reduced on the basis of forming, the convenience of machining operation is improved, the product meets the requirements of ultrathin wall, surface roughness and form and position tolerance by adopting the precision machining process, and simultaneously the thread forming is realized, so that the high production efficiency and high material utilization rate of the cold heading process are realized, the high strength and high precision of the fastener are ensured, the production efficiency can reach 50-200 pieces/minute, compared with the traditional machining scheme, the production efficiency is improved by more than 100 times, and the material utilization rate is improved by more than 40%.
2. The superhard aluminum alloy raw material is subjected to homogenizing annealing treatment, hot extrusion and natural air cooling treatment, so that the material with the performance reaching 75% of cold heading deformation is not cracked, and the application requirement of a cold heading process is met.
3. The tensile strength of the final product reaches more than 500MPa and the hardness reaches more than 160HV through the process of solution quenching and artificial aging treatment;
4. the invention discloses a high-precision fastener ultra-thin wall, which has high requirements on surface roughness and form and location tolerance and high requirements on surface cleanliness, and generally adopts ultrasonic surface cleaning.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy fastener (profile nut) with high strength, high precision and complex structure manufactured by the method of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiment of the present invention, and the aluminum alloy fastener (profile nut) with high strength, high precision and complex structure manufactured by the method provided in the embodiments 1 and 2 is shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Example 1:
firstly, performing homogenization annealing treatment on a 7075 aluminum alloy raw material at 450 ℃ for 10 hours, then performing homogenization annealing treatment at 480 ℃ for 7 hours, and naturally cooling the homogenization annealing treatment twice to room temperature in air.
And secondly, carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the 7075 aluminum alloy raw material subjected to the homogenization annealing treatment at the temperature of 460 ℃, wherein the extrusion coefficient is 22, the discharging speed is 1.8m/min, and cooling the material to room temperature by natural air after the hot extrusion treatment to prepare the processing material, so that the material does not crack when the performance of the material reaches 75% of cold heading deformation.
(3) And (3) performing cold heading processing on the multi-station cold heading machine, wherein the working procedures comprise material cutting, shaping, upsetting, forward and backward composite extrusion, punching and the like, so as to prepare the blank convenient for subsequent precision machining.
And fifthly, carrying out heat preservation on the blank for 30 minutes at 500 ℃ in a salt bath furnace, and then carrying out water quenching treatment.
Fifthly, carrying out first artificial aging treatment on the blank subjected to solution quenching treatment at 70 ℃ for 20h, then carrying out second artificial aging treatment at 130 ℃ for 4h, cooling the blank to room temperature by natural air after the two artificial aging treatments, and obviously improving the mechanical property of the blank, wherein the tensile strength reaches 560MPa, and the hardness reaches 182 HV;
sixthly, performing precision machining on the blank subjected to the human labor effect processing, wherein the precision machining comprises boring, thread cutting, surface milling, superfinishing, chamfering and the like, and thus obtaining the product.
And (2) cleaning the surface of the prepared product, namely performing high-pressure 100bar (pressure) jet cleaning by using a first cleaning agent, cleaning most of oil stains and large-particle impurities on the surface of the product, wherein the first cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 3: 2: 1: 10 parts of the raw materials are mixed; the ultrasonic vibration cleaning is carried out at the heating temperature of 60 ℃ by using a second cleaning agent, the frequency is 80khz, the thorough cleaning of the inside and the outside of the product is realized, and various micron-sized particles and fiber impurities are cleaned, wherein the second cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, polyethylene glycol oleate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate and water, wherein the weight ratio of the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether to the polyethylene glycol oleate to the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to the water is 3: 1: 1: 1: 10, mixing the components; and ultrasonically oscillating and cleaning by using a third cleaning agent with the frequency of 80khz to form a protective film on the surface of the part, wherein the third cleaning agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of polyepoxysuccinic acid sodium to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid to self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion is 1: 1: 10 proportion of the raw materials.
Example 2:
firstly, carrying out homogenizing annealing treatment on 7A03 alloy raw materials at 550 ℃ for 15h, and then carrying out homogenizing annealing treatment at 520 ℃ for 9 h. And naturally cooling the two homogenization anneals to room temperature by air.
Secondly, carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the 7A03 aluminum alloy raw material subjected to the homogenizing annealing treatment at the temperature of 500 ℃, wherein the extrusion coefficient is 25, the discharging speed is 2.2m/min, and cooling the raw material to room temperature by natural air after the hot extrusion treatment to obtain the processing material, so that the material with the performance reaching 75% of cold heading deformation is not cracked.
And thirdly, performing cold heading processing on the blank to be processed on a multi-station cold heading machine, wherein the working procedures comprise material cutting, shaping, upsetting, forward and backward combined extrusion, punching and the like, and the blank convenient for subsequent precision machining is prepared.
The blank is kept warm for 50 minutes at 540 ℃ in a salt bath furnace and then subjected to water quenching.
Fifthly, carrying out first artificial aging treatment on the blank subjected to the solution quenching treatment at 100 ℃ for 40h, then carrying out second artificial aging treatment at 160 ℃ for 8h, and cooling the blank subjected to the solution quenching treatment twice to room temperature by natural air. The mechanical property of the blank is obviously improved, the tensile strength reaches 550MPa, and the hardness reaches 180 HV.
Sixthly, performing precision machining on the blank subjected to the human labor effect processing, wherein the precision machining comprises boring, thread cutting, surface milling, superfinishing, chamfering and the like, and thus obtaining the product.
And (2) cleaning the surface of the prepared product, namely cleaning most of oil stains and large-particle impurities on the surface of the product by using a first cleaning agent through high-pressure spray at 100bar, wherein the first cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 3: 2: 1: 10 parts of the raw materials are mixed; the second cleaning agent is used for ultrasonic oscillation cleaning with the heating temperature of 60 ℃ and the frequency of 80khz, so that the inside and the outside of the product can be thoroughly cleaned, and various micron-sized particles and fiber impurities can be cleaned, and the second cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, polyethylene glycol oleate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate and water, wherein the weight ratio of the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether to the polyethylene glycol oleate to the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to the water is 3: 1: 1: 1: 10, mixing the components; and (3) forming a protective film on the surface of the part by using a third cleaning agent with an ultrasonic oscillation cleaning frequency of 80khz, wherein the third cleaning agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of polyepoxysuccinic acid sodium to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid to self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion is 1: 1: 10 proportion of the raw materials.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A processing method of an aluminum alloy fastener with high strength, high precision and complex structure is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method has the advantages that the super-hard aluminum alloy raw material is reformed, so that the super-hard aluminum alloy raw material is softened, the plasticity is improved, and the requirement that 75% of deformation materials of cold upsetting are not cracked is met, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out two-stage homogenizing annealing treatment on the superhard aluminum alloy raw material, and cooling the superhard aluminum alloy raw material to room temperature by natural air after the homogenizing annealing treatment;
secondly, hot extrusion is carried out on the raw materials after the homogenization annealing treatment, and the raw materials are naturally cooled to room temperature;
preparing a processing material through the steps;
secondly, performing cold heading processing on the processed material to obtain a blank;
the blank is subjected to solution quenching treatment, the blank subjected to solution quenching treatment is subjected to two-stage aging treatment, the mechanical property of the blank is obviously improved through the aging treatment, and the performance requirements that the tensile strength of the blank reaches more than 500MPa and the hardness of the blank reaches more than 160HV are met;
fourthly, precisely machining the blank subjected to human labor efficiency treatment to obtain a product;
and fifthly, carrying out surface cleaning on the product prepared by the precision machining, and removing oil stains and impurities on the surface of the product.
2. The method for processing the high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the step (1) adopts two-stage homogenizing annealing treatment, wherein homogenizing annealing treatment is carried out at 450-550 ℃ for 10-15 h, and then homogenizing annealing treatment is carried out at 480-520 ℃ for 7-9 h.
3. The method for processing the high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (2) carrying out hot extrusion treatment on the superhard aluminum alloy raw material subjected to the two-stage homogenizing annealing treatment in the step (1), wherein the temperature is 460-500 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 22-25, and the discharging speed is 1.8-2.2 m/min.
4. The method for processing the high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) firstly, preserving the temperature of the blank subjected to cold heading in the step (3) at 500-540 ℃ for 30-50 min, and then performing water quenching treatment.
5. The method for processing the high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) performing two-stage artificial aging treatment on the blank subjected to the solution quenching treatment in the step (3): the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out first artificial aging treatment (20-40) h at the temperature of (70-100) DEG C, then carrying out second artificial aging treatment (4-8) h at the temperature of (130-160) DEG C, and then carrying out air cooling treatment to enable the tensile strength to reach more than 500MPa and the hardness to reach more than 160 HV.
6. The method for processing the high-strength high-precision complex-structure aluminum alloy fastener according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the surface cleaning method in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
firstly, a first cleaning agent is used for spraying and cleaning a high-pressure water gun, the pressure is 100bar, most of oil stains and large-particle impurities on the surface of a product are cleaned, and the first cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and water according to the weight ratio of 3: 2: 1: 10 parts of the raw materials are mixed;
secondly, the product is cleaned by ultrasonic oscillation under the heating condition of a second cleaning agent with the frequency of 80khz, so that the inside and the outside of the product are thoroughly cleaned, and various micron-sized particles and fiber impurities are cleaned, wherein the second cleaning agent is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, polyethylene glycol oleate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate and water, wherein the weight ratio of the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether to the polyethylene glycol oleate to the dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate to the water is 3: 1: 1: 1: 10, mixing the components;
thirdly, ultrasonically vibrating and cleaning by using a third cleaning agent with frequency of 80khz to form a protective film on the surface of the part, wherein the third cleaning agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: the weight ratio of polyepoxysuccinic acid sodium to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid to self-crosslinking acrylic emulsion is 1: 1: 10 proportion of the raw materials.
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