CN111936317A - 在柔性基材上制备强粘附性(压花)膜的方法 - Google Patents
在柔性基材上制备强粘附性(压花)膜的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111936317A CN111936317A CN201980023975.7A CN201980023975A CN111936317A CN 111936317 A CN111936317 A CN 111936317A CN 201980023975 A CN201980023975 A CN 201980023975A CN 111936317 A CN111936317 A CN 111936317A
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 48
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001911 terphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种在柔性基材上制备强粘附性(压花)膜的方法,可通过所述方法获得的安全元件,以及包括所述安全元件的安全文件。通过首先用底漆层然后用压花膜涂覆柔性基材,压花膜对基材的粘附性得以改善,同时压花膜的光学性能得以保持。
Description
本发明涉及一种在柔性基材上制备强粘附性(压花)膜的方法、可通过所述方法获得的安全元件和包含所述安全元件的安全文件。通过首先用底漆层然后用压花膜涂覆柔性基材,压花膜对基材的粘附性得以改善,同时保持了压花膜的光学性能。
WO08061930涉及一种在基材上形成光变图像的方法,包括以下步骤:A)将可固化化合物或组合物施加到至少一部分基材上;B)使至少一部分可固化化合物与光变图像形成装置接触;C)固化所述可固化化合物,和D)任选地在至少一部分固化化合物上沉积金属油墨,其中所述光变图像形成装置包括a)透明载体,b)携带待施加的光变图像的透明材料,和c)用于干燥或固化清漆的装置。
WO12176126涉及一种在纸基材上形成表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像(光变器件)的方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将可固化组合物(清漆)施加到纸基材的正面的至少一部分上;
B)使至少一部分可固化组合物与表面浮雕微结构,尤其是光变图像形成装置接触;
C)通过使用至少一个UV灯固化所述组合物,所述UV灯设置在所述纸基材的背面;
D)任选地,在固化组合物的至少一部分上沉积透明的高折射率材料层和/或金属层,其中所述灯具有在UV-A范围内和优选在近VIS范围内的发射峰,并且所述可固化组合物至少包含在UV-A区域内,优选还在近VIS范围内吸收的光引发剂。
EP1135219B1涉及一种在无机或有机基材上制备强粘附性涂层的方法,包括:
在第一步骤a)中,使无机或有机基材经历低温等离子体放电、电晕放电、高能UV辐射或电子辐射的作用,然后中断辐射或放电;
在另一步骤b)中,在真空或常压下,将一种或多种包含至少一个烯属不饱和基团的光引发剂施加到无机或有机基材上,并使其与在那里形成的自由基位点反应;以及
c1)用包含至少一种烯属不饱和单体或低聚物的组合物涂覆如此预涂有光引发剂的基材,并借助UV/VIS辐射固化该涂层,或
c2)在UV光存在下,将金属、半金属氧化物或金属氧化物从气相沉积到如此预涂有光引发剂的基材上。
WO03064061涉及一种在无机或有机基材上制备强粘附性涂层的方法,其中a)在无机或有机基材上进行低温等离子体处理、电晕放电处理或火焰处理,b)在常压下将一种或多种光引发剂或光引发剂与含有至少一个烯属不饱和基团的单体或/和低聚物的混合物,或上述物质的溶液、悬浮液或乳液施加到无机或有机基材上,和c)使用合适的方法,任选地干燥上述物质和/或用电磁波辐照上述物质。
WO06/067061涉及一种在无机或有机基材上制备强粘附性涂层的方法,其中在第一步a)中使低温等离子体、电晕放电或火焰作用于无机或有机基材上,在第二步b)中优选在常压下将一种或多种限定的光引发剂或限定的光引发剂与含有至少一个烯属不饱和基团的单体的混合物,或上述物质的溶液、悬浮液或乳液施加至无机或有机基材上,在第三步c)中使用合适的方法将上述物质干燥和/或用电磁波辐照,和任选在第四步d)中在如此预处理的基材上施加其他涂层。
WO2013178523(US9718974)涉及可辐射固化化合物的低粘度配制剂,其制备方法,其用途,以及含有所述化合物配制剂的油墨、印刷油墨和印刷清漆。
现已令人惊讶地发现,通过首先用底漆层然后用压花膜涂覆柔性基材,压花膜对基材的粘附性得以改善,同时压花膜的光学性能保持在可接受的范围内。
因此,本申请涉及一种在柔性基材上制备强粘附性膜的方法,包括:
a)任选地将柔性基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理;
b)将底漆组合物施加到基材上,所述底漆组合物包含:
b1)至少一种聚氨酯(A),其包含如下物质作为合成组分:
(b1a)至少一种官能度大于2的有机脂族、芳族或脂环族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
(b1b)至少一种化合物,其在每种情况下具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团,
(b1c)至少一种具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的光引发剂,
b2)至少一种多官能可聚合化合物(B),
b3)溶剂或溶剂混合物,
c)通过施加IR辐射和/或热干燥来蒸发溶剂,
d)借助UV/VIS辐射或电子束来固化底漆层,
e)任选地将涂有底漆的基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理,
f)将可固化组合物施加到底漆层上,
g)任选地使至少一部分可固化组合物与表面浮雕微结构形成装置接触,
h)通过UV/VIS辐射或电子束固化任选压花的膜,和
i)任选地在至少一部分固化的组合物上沉积透明的高折射率材料层和/或金属层。
在优选实施方案中,本发明的方法涉及在柔性基材上制备强粘附性压花膜,并且包括:
a)任选地将柔性基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理;
b)将底漆组合物施加到基材上,所述底漆组合物包含:
b1)至少一种聚氨酯(A),其包含如下物质作为合成组分:
(b1a)至少一种官能度大于2的有机脂族、芳族或脂环族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
(b1b)至少一种化合物,在每种情况下具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团,
(b1c)至少一种具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的光引发剂,
b2)至少一种多官能可聚合化合物(B),
b3)溶剂或溶剂混合物,
c)通过施加IR辐射和/或热干燥来蒸发溶剂,
d)通过UV/VIS辐射或电子束来固化底漆层,
e)任选地将涂覆有底漆的基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理,
f)将可固化组合物施加到底漆层上,
g)使至少一部分可固化组合物与表面浮雕微结构形成装置接触,
h)通过UV/VIS辐射或电子束来固化压花膜,和
i)任选地在至少一部分固化的组合物上沉积透明的高折射率材料层和/或金属层。
在更优选的实施方案中,本发明的方法包括:
a)将柔性基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理;
b)将底漆组合物施加到基材上,
c)通过施加IR辐射和/或热干燥来蒸发溶剂,
d)通过UV/VIS辐射或电子束来固化底漆层,
f)将可固化组合物施加到底漆层上,
g)使至少一部分可固化组合物与表面浮雕微结构形成装置接触,
h)通过UV/VIS辐射来固化压花膜,和
i)任选地在至少一部分固化的组合物上沉积透明的高折射率材料层和/或金属层。
通过本发明的方法获得的压花膜具有>20N/m的剥离力。
作为柔性基材的材料,此处应明确提及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚氯乙烯、软质聚氯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚(乙烯-共-乙酸乙烯酯)、聚碳酸酯、三乙酸纤维素、聚醚砜、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃如聚丙烯,以及丙烯酸类树脂。在这些中,优选聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚氯乙烯、软质聚氯乙烯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
柔性基材优选是双轴取向的。
柔性基材优选选自双轴取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(BOPET)膜或双轴取向的聚丙烯(BOPP)膜。
工艺步骤a)和e)是任选的。在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述方法包括步骤a),而省略步骤e)。在本发明的另一优选实施方案中,所述方法不包括步骤a)和e)。
等离子体产生和维持的原理例如描述于H.J.Jacobasch等,Farbe+Lack 99(7),602-607(1993)(对于真空条件下的低温等离子体)和J.Friedrich等,Surf.Coat.Technol.59,371-6(1993)(对于从真空到常压条件的等离子体,低温等离子体变成电晕放电)中。
工艺步骤a)和e)方法也可在电晕放电条件下进行。电晕放电在常压条件下产生,所用的电离气体最常见的是空气。然而,原则上其他气体和混合物也是可能的,例如描述于Coating,第2001卷第12期,426,(2001)中。
当使用电晕放电时,优选使用空气、CO2和/或氮气作为气体。尤其优选单独或以混合物形式使用空气、H2、CO2、He、Ar、Kr、Xe、N2、O2或H2O。
柔性基材的等离子体处理优选进行1ms至300s,尤其是10ms至200s。
在等离子体或电晕处理之后,在工艺步骤b)中将底漆组合物施加到柔性基材上。原则上,在等离子体或电晕处理后尽可能快地施加底漆组合物是有利的。
底漆组合物可在工艺步骤b)中通过常规方法,例如通过选自狭缝模、刮刀、逆转辊、计量棒涂覆、照相凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、丝网印刷或喷墨印刷的方法来施加。
在工艺步骤c)中,通过红外辐射(IR辐射)和/或热干燥,例如通过热空气、热板,进行溶剂的蒸发。
溶剂的蒸发优选在升高的温度下,即通过加热,任选在减压下进行。工艺步骤(c)优选在40-140℃,更优选60-120℃的温度下进行。热能可源自外部热源以及UV光源,例如UV灯。优选地,热能至少部分地源自与UV光源不同的热源,例如源自烘箱或热板。
工艺步骤d)和h)中的辐射固化用高能光,例如UV/VIS辐射或电子束进行。辐射固化也可在较高温度下进行。
用于辐射固化的合适辐射源的实例为低压汞灯、具有高压灯的中压汞灯、荧光管、脉冲灯、金属卤化物灯或准分子灯以及UV LED。辐射固化通过暴露于高能辐射,即UV/VIS辐射,优选λ=200-700nm,更优选λ=200-500nm波长范围内的光下,或者通过暴露于高能电子(电子束;60-300keV)下实现。所用辐射源的实例包括高压汞蒸气灯、激光、脉冲灯(闪光灯)、卤素灯、UV LED或准分子灯。在UV固化的情况下,通常足以交联的辐射剂量为30-3000mJ/cm2。
将可固化组合物施加到基材上。
可固化组合物可在工艺步骤f)中通过常规方法施加,例如通过选自气刃涂覆(airblade coating)、刮刀涂覆、气刀涂覆、揉搓涂覆(squeegee coating)、浸渍涂覆、逆转辊涂覆、转移辊涂覆、照相凹版涂覆、吻涂、流涂、喷涂、旋涂的方法,或印刷方法如凸版印刷(relief printing)、照相凹版印刷、凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、胶印、喷墨印刷、凸印(letterpress printing)、凹版移印、热封印刷或丝网印刷方法。
可固化组合物优选通过狭缝模、刮刀、逆转辊、计量棒涂覆、照相凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、丝网印刷或喷墨印刷来施加。
在工艺步骤g)中,使至少一部分可固化组合物与表面浮雕微结构形成装置接触。该表面浮雕微结构尤其为光变图像(OVI,或光变器件(OVD))。
表面浮雕微结构形成装置优选为垫片,其选自镍套筒;镍板;蚀刻的或激光成像的金属鼓,或安装在表面上含有表面浮雕微结构(OVI)的不透明圆筒或金属圆筒上的其他材料。表面浮雕微结构形成装置可包括用于冷却的装置。
工艺步骤b)中所用的底漆组合物是新的,其形成本申请的另一主题,并且包含:
b1)至少一种聚氨酯(A),其包含如下物质作为合成组分:
(b1a)至少一种官能度大于2的有机脂族、芳族或脂环族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
(b1b)至少一种化合物,其在每种情况下具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团,
(b1c)至少一种具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的光引发剂,
b2)至少一种多官能可聚合化合物(B),
b3)溶剂或溶剂混合物。
聚氨酯(A)及其制备描述于WO2013178523中。在无水条件下合成包含如下物质作为合成组分的聚氨酯(A):
(b1a)至少一种含有脲基甲酸酯基且NCO官能度至少为2的多异氰酸酯,其由脂族C4-C20亚烷基二异氰酸酯合成,
(b1b)至少一种化合物,其在每种情况下具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团,
(b1c)至少一种具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的光引发剂,
其中聚氨酯(A)在低于1000ppm重量的含铋、锌和/或钛的化合物存在下制备。
组分(b1a)包括含有脲基甲酸酯基且NCO官能度至少为2,优选为2-5,更优选为2-4的多异氰酸酯,含有脲基甲酸酯基的多异氰酸酯(a)由脂族C4-C20亚烷基二异氰酸酯、优选由六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯合成。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,所述化合物是含有脲基甲酸酯基且具有下式的多异氰酸酯:
其中n为正数,其平均为1-5,优选为1-3。
化合物(b1b)优选具有正好一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和1-5个,更优选1-4个,非常优选1-3个可自由基聚合的基团。
组分(b1b)优选具有小于10 000g/mol,更优选小于5000g/mol,非常优选小于4000g/mol,更特别小于3000g/mol的摩尔重量。特殊组分(b)的摩尔重量小于1000g/mol或者甚至小于600g/mol。
优选使用(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸2-或3-羟丙酯,1,4-丁二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯,新戊二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯,1,5-戊二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯,1,6-己二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯,甘油单(甲基)丙烯酸酯和二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷单(甲基)丙烯酸酯和二(甲基)丙烯酸酯,季戊四醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和三(甲基)丙烯酸酯,以及(甲基)丙烯酸2-氨基乙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸2-氨基丙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸3-氨基丙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸4-氨基丁酯,(甲基)丙烯酸6-氨基己酯,(甲基)丙烯酸2-硫代乙酯,2-氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,2-氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,3-氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,2-羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,2-羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺或3-羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。特别优选的是丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸2-或3-羟丙酯、1,4-丁二醇单丙烯酸酯、(甲基)丙烯酸3-(丙烯酰氧基)-2-羟丙酯,以及摩尔质量为106-238的聚乙二醇的单丙烯酸酯。在一个优选的实施方案中,组分(b)还可包括来自三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二(三羟甲基丙烷)或二季戊四醇的丙烯酸酯化,或烷氧基化,优选丙氧基化和/或乙氧基化,更优选乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二(三羟甲基丙烷)或二季戊四醇的丙烯酸酯化的工业混合物。
组分(b1c)是至少一种具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的光引发剂,优选至少一种α-羟基苯乙酮型或二苯甲酮型的光引发剂(在每种情况下具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团),更优选至少一种α-羟基苯乙酮型光引发剂。
就本说明书的目的而言,光引发剂是可通过电磁辐射,优选通过UV辐射、可见光或IR辐射,更优选通过UV辐射或可见光,非常优选通过UV辐射裂解成至少一个自由基的化合物。
组分(b1c)可包含一个或多个,例如1-3个,优选1-2个,更优选正好1个作为光引发剂有活性的基团,优选α-羟基苯乙酮基团或二苯甲酮基团,更优选α-羟基苯乙酮基团。此外,组分(c)可包含一个或超过一个,例如1-4个,优选1-3个,更优选1-2个,非常优选正好1个异氰酸酯反应性基团。
作为光引发剂的有活性的基团可优选为羟基二苯甲酮或羟基苯乙酮,更优选羟基苯乙酮。
优选的组分(b1c)为:
其中:
R13、R14和R15彼此独立地各自为氢、含1-4个碳原子的烷基或含1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,
p可为0(零)或1-10的整数,且
对于i=1至p,Yi可彼此独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHVin-O-、-CHVin-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHPh-O-和-CHPh-CH2-O-的基团,优选选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-的基团,更优选-CH2-CH2-O-,其中Ph为苯基和Vin为乙烯基。
基团-O-[-Yi-]p-H优选位于羰基的对位。
基团R13、R14和R15彼此独立地优选为氢或甲基,更优选为氢。
优选p为0-4,更优选为1-3,非常优选为1。
优选的组分(b1c)为2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮、1-羟基环己基苯基酮、1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮、2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙酰基)苄基]苯基}-2-甲基丙-1-酮、2-羟基-1-[4-[羟基[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙酰基)苯基]甲基]苯基]-2-甲基-丙-1-酮、[4-[3-(4-苯甲酰基苯氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基]苯基甲酮、苯偶姻、苯偶姻异丁基醚、苯偶姻四氢吡喃基醚、苯偶姻甲基醚、苯偶姻乙基醚、苯偶姻丁基醚、苯偶姻异丙基醚、7H-苯偶姻甲基醚、2-羟基-2,2-二甲基苯乙酮或1-羟基苯乙酮。
特别优选的是1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮、2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙酰基)苄基]苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮和2-羟基-1-[4-[羟基-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙酰基)苯基]甲基]苯基]-2-甲基丙-1-酮;尤其优选的是1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮。
聚氨酯(A)优选为下式的化合物:
R13、R14和R15彼此独立地各自为氢、含1-4个碳原子的烷基或含1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,
p可为0(零)或1-10的整数,和
对于i=1至p,Yi可彼此独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHVin-O-、-CHVin-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHPh-O-和-CHPh-CH2-O-的基团,优选选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-的基团,更优选-CH2-CH2-O-,其中Ph为苯基且Vin为乙烯基。
R13和R14彼此独立地各自为含1-4个碳原子的烷基,
Yi为-CH2-CH2-O-,-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-的基团,优选-CH2-CH2-O-。
多官能可聚合化合物(B)可包含两个或更多个烯属不饱和双键。其可具有较低分子量(单体)或较高分子量(低聚物)。
多官能可聚合化合物(B)的实例为乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二(三羟甲基)四丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、六亚甲基二醇二丙烯酸酯和双酚A二丙烯酸酯、4,4'-双(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)二苯基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸乙烯基酯、二乙烯基苯、琥珀酸二乙烯基酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯三丙烯酸酯(368;获自Arkema)和异氰脲酸三(2-丙烯酰氧基乙基)酯、乙二醇二乙烯基醚、二甘醇二乙烯基醚、三甘醇二乙烯基醚、聚乙二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和(甲基)丙烯酸乙烯基酯。
还可使用聚酯多元醇丙烯酸酯、聚醚醇丙烯酸酯和烷氧基化多元醇的丙烯酸酯,例如单至二十重(vigintuply)烷氧基化的,更优选单至二十重乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷、单至二十重丙氧基化的甘油或单至二十重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯。
较高分子量(低聚)多不饱和化合物的实例为丙烯酸酯化的环氧树脂、丙烯酸酯化的或含乙烯基醚或环氧基的聚酯、聚氨酯和聚醚。不饱和低聚物的其他实例为不饱和聚酯树脂,其通常由马来酸、邻苯二甲酸和一种或多种二醇制备,并且具有约500-3000的分子量。此外,也可使用乙烯基醚单体和低聚物,以及具有聚酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、聚乙烯基醚和环氧化物主链的马来酸酯封端的低聚物。特别地,WO90/01512中所述的带有乙烯基醚基的低聚物和聚合物的组合是合适的。
例如,烯属不饱和羧酸和多元醇的酯也是合适的。
不饱和羧酸的实例为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、肉桂酸和不饱和脂肪酸如亚麻酸或油酸。优选丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
合适的多元醇为芳族多元醇,尤其为脂族和脂环族多元醇。芳族多元醇的实例为氢醌、4,4'-二羟基联苯、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷和酚醛清漆和甲阶酚醛树脂。
脂族和脂环族多元醇的实例包括优选具有2-12个碳原子的亚烷基二醇,例如乙二醇,1,2-或1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,辛二醇,十二烷二醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,200-35000,优选200-1500的聚乙二醇,分子量为200-35000,优选为200-1500的聚丙二醇,分子量为200-50000,优选200-2000的聚四氢呋喃,1,3-环戊二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇,1,4-二羟基甲基环己烷,甘油,三(β-羟基乙基)胺,三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和山梨糖醇。
多元醇可被一种或不同的不饱和羧酸部分或完全酯化,其中偏酯中的游离羟基可以改性,例如醚化,或用其他羧酸酯化。
酯的实例为:三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、四亚甲基二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四甘醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇三衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇五衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇六衣康酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二衣康酸酯、山梨糖醇三丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇改性的三丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇四甲基丙烯酸、山梨糖醇五丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇六丙烯酸酯、低聚丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯、甘油二-和三-丙烯酸酯、1,4-环己烷二丙烯酸酯、分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,及其混合物。
同样合适的是相同或不同的不饱和羧酸和30个优选具有2-6个,尤其是2-4个氨基的芳族、脂环族和脂族多胺的酰胺。该多胺的实例为乙二胺,1,2-或1,3-丙二胺,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二胺,1,5-戊二胺,1,6-己二胺,辛二胺,十二烷二胺,1,4-二氨基环己烷,异佛尔酮二胺,苯二胺,联苯二胺,二-β-氨基乙醚,二亚乙基三胺,三亚乙基四胺和二(β-氨基乙氧基)-和二(β-氨基丙氧基)-乙烷。该不饱和酰胺的实例为:亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、1,6-六亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二亚乙基三胺三甲基丙烯酰胺、双(甲基丙烯酰胺基丙氧基)乙烷、甲基丙烯酸β-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙酯和N-[(β-羟基乙氧基)乙基]-丙烯酰胺。
在本申请的上下文中,术语(甲基)丙烯酸酯包括丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。
可聚合化合物(B)优选选自1,2-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,1,3-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯,聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯,二(三羟甲基丙烷)四丙烯酸酯,二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯,单至二十重烷氧基化的,更优选单至二十重乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷、单至二十重丙氧基化的甘油或单至二十重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯。
最优选分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,例如259(聚乙二醇(200)二丙烯酸酯)、344(聚乙二醇(400)二丙烯酸酯)、610(聚乙二醇(600)二丙烯酸酯)、603(聚乙二醇(400)二甲基丙烯酸酯)、252(聚乙二醇(600)二甲基丙烯酸酯)(可由Arkema商购获得)。
聚氨酯(A)与可聚合化合物(B)的重量比尤其为3:1至1:3。
溶剂b3)包括例如C1-C6醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、仲丁醇、叔丁醇、正戊醇、正己醇,及其异构体;二醇,例如1,2-乙二醇,1,2-或1,3-丙二醇、1,2-、2,3-或1,4-丁二醇,二甘醇或三甘醇或二丙二醇或三丙二醇;醚,例如开链醚,例如甲基叔丁基醚、1,2-乙二醇单或二甲基醚、1,2-乙二醇单乙基或二乙基醚、3-甲氧基丙醇或3-异丙氧基丙醇,或环醚,例如四氢呋喃或二噁烷;开链酮,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或双丙酮醇(4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮);环酮,例如环戊酮或环己酮;C1-C5烷基酯,例如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯或乙酸戊酯;C1-C4烷氧基-C1-C4烷基酯,例如乙酸1-甲氧基丙-2-基酯;羧酰胺,例如二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基乙酰胺;N杂环,例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮;脂族和芳族烃,例如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、异辛烷、石油醚、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、四氢化萘、十氢化萘、二甲基萘、石油溶剂油、或当然,这些溶剂的混合物也可用于本发明的混合物。
溶剂(b3)优选选自C1-C6醇、醚-C1-C6醇,例如3-甲氧基丙醇或3-异丙氧基丙醇,及其混合物。
溶剂的比例为90.0-99.5重量%,尤其为95.0-99.5重量%,非常尤其为98.0-99.5重量%,化合物(B)和聚氨酯(A)的比例为10-0.5重量%,尤其为5.0-0.5重量%,非常尤其为2.0-0.5重量%,其中溶剂、化合物(B)和聚氨酯(A)的比例加和为100重量%。
在步骤f)中,将可固化组合物施加到底漆层上。所述可固化组合物优选为可UV固化组合物。UV固化可以用EB固化代替,因此消除了对光敏引发剂的需要。所述组合物优选通过照相凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、喷墨印刷、胶印和丝网印刷方法来沉积。
所述可UV固化组合物包含光引发剂和包含一个或多个烯属双键的不饱和化合物(粘合剂)。
光引发剂的实例是本领域技术人员所已知的,例如由Kurt Dietliker在“Acompilation of photoinitiators commercially available for UV today”,SitaTechnology Textbook,Edinburgh,London,2002中公布。
合适的酰基氧化膦化合物的实例为式XII:
其中:
R50为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或者为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或NR53R54取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或者R50为未取代的C1-C20烷基或者为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基、NR53R54或-(CO)-O-C1-C24烷基取代的C1-C20烷基;
R51为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或者为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或NR53R54取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或者R51为-(CO)R’52;或者R51为C1-C12烷基,其未被取代或被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷氧基、C1-C12烷硫基或NR53R54取代;
R5和R'52各自独立地为未取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或者为被一个或多个卤素、C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基取代的环己基、环戊基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;或者R52为包含S原子或N原子的5元或6元杂环;
R53和R54彼此独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH或SH取代的C1-C12烷基,其中烷基链任选间隔有1-4个氧原子;或R53和R54彼此独立地为C2-C12链烯基、环戊基、环己基、苄基或苯基。
具体实例为双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦(819);2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基-二苯基-氧化膦( TPO);(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基)次膦酸乙酯;(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-2,4-二戊氧基苯基氧化膦、双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦。
其他有意义的是式XII化合物与式XI化合物的混合物以及式XII化合物的不同混合物。
实例为双(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰基)-2,4,4-三甲基戊基氧化膦与1-羟基-环己基-苯基-酮的混合物、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦与2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮的混合物、双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)-苯基氧化膦与(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基苯基)次膦酸酯的混合物等。
合适的二苯甲酮类化合物的实例为式X的化合物:
其中:
R65、R66和R67彼此独立地为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、Cl或N(C1-C4烷基)2;
R68为氢、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4卤代烷基、苯基、N(C1-C4烷基)2、COOCH3、
Q为具有2-6个羟基的多羟基化合物的残基;
x为大于1但不大于Q中可用羟基的数量的数;
A为-[O(CH2)bCO]y-或-[O(CH2)bCO](y-1)-[O(CHR69CHR69’)a]y-;
R69和R69'彼此独立地为氢、甲基或乙基;并且如果N大于1,则基团R69可彼此相同或不同;
a为1-2的数;
b为4-5的数;
y为1-10的数;
n为;且
m为2-10的整数。
具体实例为 BP(=二苯甲酮)、获自IGM的Esacure (2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮和4-甲基二苯甲酮的混合物)、4-苯基二苯甲酮、4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、4,4'-二甲基二苯甲酮、4,4'-二氯二苯甲酮、4,4'-二甲基氨基二苯甲酮、4,4'-二乙基氨基二苯甲酮、4-甲基二苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4-(4-甲硫基苯基)二苯甲酮、3,3'-二甲基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯、4-(2-羟基乙硫基)二苯甲酮、4-(4-甲苯硫基)二苯甲酮、4-苯甲酰基-N,N,N-三甲基苯甲基氯化铵、2-羟基-3-(4-苯甲酰基苯氧基)-N,N,N-三甲基-1-丙基氯化铵、4-(13-丙烯酰基-1,4,7,10-五氧杂十三烷基)二苯甲酮、4-苯甲酰基-N,N-二甲基-N-[2-(1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氧基]乙基苯甲基氯化铵、[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-异丙基苯基)-甲酮、联苯-[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-甲酮、联苯-4-基-苯基-甲酮、联苯-4-基-对甲苯基-甲酮、联苯-4-基-间甲苯基-甲酮、[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-对甲苯基-甲酮、[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-异丙基-苯基)-甲酮、[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮、1-(4-苯甲酰基-苯氧基)-丙-2-酮、[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-(4-苯氧基-苯基)-甲酮、3-(4-苯甲酰基-苯基)-2-二甲基氨基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮、(4-氯-苯基)-(4-辛硫基-苯基)-甲酮、(4-氯-苯基)-(4-十二烷硫基-苯基)-甲酮、(4-溴-苯基)-(4-辛硫基-苯基)-甲酮、(4-十二烷硫基-苯基)-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-甲酮、(4-苯甲酰基-苯氧基)-乙酸甲酯、联苯-[4-(2-羟基-乙硫基)-苯基]-甲酮、1-[4-(4-苯甲酰基苯硫基)-苯基]-2-甲基-2-(4-甲基苯基磺酰基)丙-1-酮(获自IGM的1001)。
合适的α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物的实例为式(XI):
其中:
R29为氢或C1-C18烷氧基;
d、e和f为1-3;
c为2-10;
G1和G2彼此独立地为聚合结构的端基,优选为氢或甲基;
R31为羟基、C1-C16烷氧基、吗啉代、二甲基氨基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基;
g为1-20;
R32和R33彼此独立地为氢、C1-C6烷基、C1-C16烷氧基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基;或者为未取代的苯基或苄基;或者为被C1-C12烷基取代的苯基或苄基;或R32和R33与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成环己基环;
R35为氢、OR36或NR37R38;
R36为氢、C1-C12烷基,其任选间隔有一个或多个非连续的O原子并且其未间隔或间隔的C1-C12烷基任选被一个或多个OH取代,或R36为
R37和R38各自独立地为氢或C1-C12烷基,其未取代或被一个或多个OH取代;
条件是R31、R32和R33不全部一起为C1-C16烷氧基或-O(CH2CH2O)g-C1-C16烷基。
具体实例为1-羟基-环己基-苯基-酮(184)或50(184与二苯甲酮的混合物)、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-吗啉代丙-1-酮(907)、2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉代苯基)-丁-1-酮(369)、2-二甲基氨基-2-(4-甲基-苄基)-1-(4-吗啉-4-基-苯基)-丁-1-酮(379)、(3,4-二甲氧基-苯甲酰基)-1-苄基-1-二甲基氨基丙烷、1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)-苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙-1-酮(2959)、2,2-二甲氧基-1,2-二苯基乙-1-酮(651)、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-丙-1-酮(1173)、2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苄基]-苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮(127)、2-羟基-1-{4-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苯氧基]-苯基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮、IGM提供的EsacureKIP、2-羟基-1-{1-[4-(2-羟基-2-甲基-丙酰基)-苯基]-1,3,3-三甲基-茚满-5-基}-2-甲基-丙-1-酮。
合适的苯基乙醛酸酯化合物的实例为式XIII:
其中:
R60为氢、C1-C12烷基或R55、R56、R57、R58和R59彼此独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基烷基或被一个或多个OH、C1-C4烷氧基、苯基、萘基、卤素或CN取代的C1-C12烷基;其中烷基链任选间隔有一个或多个氧原子;或R55、R56、R57、R58和R59彼此独立地为C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4烷硫基或NR52R53;
R52和R53彼此独立地为氢、未取代的C1-C12烷基或被一个或多个OH或SH取代的C1-C12烷基,其中烷基链任选间隔有1-4个氧原子;或R52和R53彼此独立地为C2-C12链烯基、环戊基、环己基、苄基或苯基;且
Y1为任选间隔有一个或多个氧原子的C1-C12亚烷基。
R70为氢、C3-C8环烷基;C1-C12烷基,其未被取代或被一个或多个卤素、苯基或CN取代;或者R70为C2-C5链烯基;苯基,其未被取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、卤素、CN、OR73、SR74或NR75R76取代;或者R70为C1-C8烷氧基、苄氧基;或未取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基或卤素取代的苯氧基;
R71为苯基、萘基、苯甲酰基或萘甲酰基,其各自被一个或多个卤素、C1-C12烷基、C3-C8环烷基、苄基、苯氧基羰基、C2-C12烷氧羰基、OR73、SR74、SOR74、SO2R74或NR75R76取代,其中取代基OR73、SR74和NR75R76任选经由基团R73、R74、R75和/或R76与苯基或萘基环上的其他取代基形成5或6元环;或者各自被苯基取代或被一个或多个OR73、SR74或NR75R66取代的苯基取代;或者R71为噻吨基或
R72为氢;未取代的C1-C20烷基或被一个或多个卤素、OR73、SR74、C3-C8环烷基或苯基取代的C1-C20烷基;或者为C3-C8环烷基;或者为未被取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、苯基、卤素、OR73、SR74或NR75R76取代的苯基;或者为C2-C20烷酰基或苯甲酰基,其未被取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、苯基、OR73、SR74或NR75R76取代;或者为C2-C12烷氧基羰基、苯氧基羰基、CN、CONR75R76、NO2、C1-C4卤代烷基、S(O)y-C1-C6烷基或S(O)y-苯基;
y为1或2;
Y2为直接键或无键;
R73和R74彼此独立地为氢,C1-C20烷基,C2-C12链烯基,C3-C8环烷基,间隔有一个或多个,优选2个O的C3-C8环烷基,苯基-C1-C3烷基;或者为被OH、SH、CN、C1-C8烷氧基、C1-C8烷酰基、C3-C8环烷基、间隔有一个或多个O的C3-C8环烷基取代的C1-C8烷基,或者为被苯甲酰基取代的C1-C8烷基,其中所述苯甲酰基未被取代或被一个或多个C1-C6烷基、卤素、OH、C1-C4烷氧基或C1-C4烷硫基取代;或者为苯基或萘基,其各自未被取代或被卤素、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12烷氧基、苯基-C1-C3烷氧基、苯氧基、C1-C12烷硫基、苯硫基、N(C1-C12烷基)2、二苯基氨基或取代;
R75和R76各自独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C2-C4羟基烷基、C2-C10烷氧基烷基、C2-C5链烯基、C3-C8环烷基、苯基-C1-C3烷基、C1-C8烷酰基、C3-C12链烯酰基、苯甲酰基;或者为苯基或萘基,其各自未被取代或被C1-C12烷基、苯甲酰基或C1-C12烷氧基取代;或者R75和R76一起为任选间隔有O或NR73且任选被羟基、C1-C4烷氧基、C2-C4烷酰氧基或苯甲酰氧基取代的C2-C6亚烷基;
R77为C1-C122烷基、噻吩基或苯基,其未被取代或被C1-C12烷基、OR73、吗啉代或N-咔唑基取代。
具体实例为1,2-辛二酮1-[4-(苯硫基)苯基]-2-(O-苯甲酰基肟)(OXE01)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)( OXE02)、9H-噻吨-2-甲醛9-氧代-2-(O-乙酰基肟)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(4-吗啉代苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基-4-(2-(1,3-二氧代-2-二甲基-环戊-5-基)乙氧基)-苯甲酰基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟)(Adeka N-1919)、乙酮1-[9-乙基-6-硝基-9H-咔唑-3-基]-1-[2-甲基-4-(1-甲基-2-甲氧基)苯基]-1-(O-乙酰基肟(Adeka NCI831)等。
也可加入阳离子光引发剂,例如过氧化苯甲酰(其他合适的过氧化物描述于US4950581第19栏第17-25行中),或芳族锍、鏻或碘鎓盐,例如描述于例如US4950581第18栏第60行至第19栏第10行中。
合适的锍盐化合物为式XVa、XVb、XVc、XVd或XVe:
其中:
R80、R81和R82各自独立为未取代的苯基或被-S-苯基取代的苯基、
R83为直接键、S、O、CH2、(CH2)2、CO或NR89;
R84、R85、R86和R87彼此独立为氢、C1-C20烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、C2-C20链烯基、CN、OH、卤素、C1-C6烷硫基、苯基、萘基、苯基-C1-C7烷基、萘基-C1-C3烷基、苯氧基、萘氧基、苯基-C1-C7烷氧基、萘基-C1-C3烷氧基、苯基-C2-C6链烯基、萘基-C2-C4链烯基、S-苯基、(CO)R89、O(CO)R89、(CO)OR89、SO2R89或OSO2R89;
R89为氢、C1-C12烷基、C1-C12羟基烷基、苯基、萘基或联苯基;
R90、R91、R92和R93彼此独立地具有对R84所给的含义之一;或者R90和R91连接以与它们所连接的苯环形成稠环体系;
R95为直接键、S、O或CH2;
R96为氢,C1-C20烷基;间隔有一个或多个O的C2-C20烷基;或者为–L-M-R98或-L-R98;
R98为单价敏化剂或光引发剂结构部分;
Ar1和Ar2彼此独立地为未取代或被C1-C20烷基、卤素或OR99取代的苯基;
或者为未取代的萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
或者为被C1-C20烷基、OH或OR99取代的萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
Ar3为未取代的苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;或者为被C1-C20烷基、OR99或苯甲酰基取代的苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基;
Ar4为亚苯基、亚萘基、亚蒽基或亚菲基;
A1为直接键、S、O或C1-C20亚烷基;
X为CO、C(O)O、OC(O)、O、S或NR99;
L为直接键、S、O、C1-C20亚烷基或间隔有一个或多个非连续O的C2-C20亚烷基;
R99为C1-C20烷基或C1-C20羟烷基;或为被O(CO)R102取代的C1-C20烷基;
M1为S、CO或NR100;
M2为直接键、CH2、O或S;
R100和R101彼此独立地为氢、卤素、C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基或苯基;
R102为C1-C20烷基;
锍盐化合物的具体实例例如为270(BASF SE); UVI-6990、 UVI-6974(Union Carbide)、 KI 85(Degussa)、SP-55、SP-150、SP-170(Asahi Denka)、GE UVE 1014(General Electric)、 KI-85(=三芳基锍六氟磷酸盐;Sartomer)、 CD1010(=混合三芳基锍六氟锑酸盐;Sartomer); CD 1011(=混合三芳基锍六氟磷酸盐;Sartomer)。
合适的碘鎓盐化合物具有式XVI:
其中:
R110和R111各自独立地为氢、C1-C20烷基、C1-C20烷氧基、OH取代的C1-C20烷氧基、卤素、C2-C12链烯基、C3-C8环烷基,尤其为甲基、异丙基或异丁基;且
碘鎓盐化合物的具体实例例如为甲苯基枯基碘鎓四(五氟苯基)硼酸盐、4-[(2-羟基-十四烷氧基)苯基]苯基碘鎓六氟锑酸盐或六氟磷酸盐、甲苯基枯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、4-异丙基苯基-4'-甲基苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、4-异丁基苯基-4'-甲基苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐(250,BASF SE)、4-辛氧基苯基苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐或六氟锑酸盐、双(十二烷基苯基)碘鎓六氟锑酸盐或六氟磷酸盐、双(4-甲基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、双(4-甲氧基苯基)碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、4-甲基苯基-4'-乙氧基苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、4-甲基苯基-4'-十二烷基苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐、4-甲基苯基-4'-苯氧基苯基碘鎓六氟磷酸盐。
在所有提及的碘鎓盐中,具有其他阴离子的化合物当然也是合适的。碘鎓盐的制备是本领域技术人员所已知的,并且描述于文献中,例如US4151175、US3862333、US4694029、EP562897、US4399071、US6306555、WO98/46647,J..V.Crivello,“Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization”,UV Curing:Science and Technology,编辑S.P.Pappas,第24-77页,Technology Marketing Corporation,Norwalk,Conn.1980,ISBN号0-686-23773-0;J.V.Crivello,J.H.W.Lam,Macromolecules,10,1307(1977)和J.V.Crivello,Ann.Rev.Mater.Sci.1983,13,第173-190页和J.V.Crivello,Journal ofPolymer Science,Part A:Polymer Chemistry,第37卷,4241-4254(1999)。
在某些情况下,使用两种或更多种光引发剂的混合物可能是有利的。
卤素为氟、氯、溴和碘。
C1-C24烷基(C1-C20烷基,尤其是C1-C12烷基)通常是直链或支化的(如果可能的话)。实例为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基和2-乙基己基、正壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基或十八烷基。C1-C8烷基通常为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、2-戊基、3-戊基、2,2-二甲基丙基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基和2-乙基己基。C1-C4烷基通常为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基。
C2-C12链烯基(C2-C5链烯基)为直链或支化链烯基,例如乙烯基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、异丙烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、正戊-2,4-二烯基、3-甲基-丁-2-烯基、正辛-2-烯基或正十二碳-2-烯基。
C1-C12烷氧基(C1-C8烷氧基)为直链或支化烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、戊氧基、异戊氧基或叔戊氧基、庚氧基、辛氧基、异辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基和十二烷氧基。
C1-C12烷硫基(C1-C8烷硫基)为直链或支化烷硫基,并且具有与烷氧基相同的优选方案,不同之处在于氧与硫交换。
C1-C12亚烷基为二价C1-C12烷基,即具有2个(而不是1个)自由价态的烷基,例如三亚甲基或四亚甲基。
环烷基通常为C3-C8环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基、环庚基或环辛基,其可为未取代的或取代的。
在若干情况下,除了光引发剂之外,可有利地使用敏化剂化合物。合适的敏化剂化合物的实例公开于WO06/008251第36页第30行至第38页第8行中,其公开内容在此引入以作为参考。作为敏化剂,尤其可使用上文所述的二苯甲酮类化合物。
所述不饱和化合物可包含一个或多个烯属双键。其可为低(单体)或高(低聚)分子量的。含有双键的单体的实例为丙烯酸烷基酯、丙烯酸羟烷基酯或氨基丙烯酸酯,或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯或氨基甲基丙烯酸酯,例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯或丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸异冰片基酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯或甲基丙烯酸乙酯。硅酮丙烯酸酯也是有利的。其他实例为丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-取代的(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯基酯如乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基醚如异丁基乙烯基醚、苯乙烯、烷基-和卤代苯乙烯、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、氯乙烯或偏二氯乙烯。
包含两个或更多个双键的单体的实例是乙二醇、丙二醇、新戊二醇、六亚甲基二醇或双酚A的二丙烯酸酯,以及4,4'-双(2-丙烯酰氧基乙氧基)二苯基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯或四丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸乙烯酯、二乙烯基苯、琥珀酸二乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、磷酸三烯丙酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙酯或异氰脲酸三(2-丙烯酰基乙基)酯。
具有较高分子量的多不饱和化合物(低聚物)的实例是丙烯酸酯化的环氧树脂,含有丙烯酸酯基、乙烯基醚基或环氧基的聚酯以及聚氨酯和聚醚。不饱和低聚物的其他实例是不饱和聚酯树脂,其通常由马来酸、邻苯二甲酸和一种或多种二醇制备,并且具有约500-3000的分子量。此外,还可使用乙烯基醚单体和低聚物,以及具有聚酯、聚氨酯、聚醚、聚乙烯基醚和环氧主链的马来酸酯封端的低聚物。特别合适的是如WO90/01512中所述的带有乙烯基醚基团的低聚物和聚合物的组合。然而,乙烯基醚和马来酸官能化单体的共聚物也是合适的。这种不饱和低聚物也可称为预聚物。
特别合适的实例为烯属不饱和羧酸与多元醇或聚环氧化物的酯,和在链中或在侧基中具有烯属不饱和基团的聚合物,例如不饱和聚酯、聚酰胺和聚氨酯及其共聚物,在侧链中含有(甲基)丙烯酸类基团的聚合物和共聚物,以及一种或多种该聚合物的混合物。
不饱和羧酸的实例为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、肉桂酸和不饱和脂肪酸如亚麻酸或油酸。优选丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸。
合适的多元醇为芳族多元醇,特别是脂族和脂环族多元醇。芳族多元醇的实例为氢醌、4,4'-二羟基联苯、2,2-二(4-羟基苯基)丙烷,以及线型酚醛清漆和甲阶酚醛树脂。聚环氧化物的实例是基于上述多元醇,尤其是芳族多元醇,和表氯醇的那些。其他合适的多元醇是在聚合物链中或在侧基中含有羟基的聚合物和共聚物,实例是聚乙烯醇及其共聚物或聚甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯或其共聚物。合适的其他多元醇是具有羟基端基的低聚酯。
脂族和脂环族多元醇的实例是优选具有2-12个碳原子的亚烷基二醇,例如乙二醇,1,2-或1,3-丙二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二醇,戊二醇,己二醇,辛二醇,十二烷二醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,分子量优选为200-1500的聚乙二醇,1,3-环戊二醇,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己二醇,1,4-二羟基甲基环己烷,甘油,三(β-羟乙基)胺,三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和山梨糖醇。
多元醇可用一种羧酸或不同的不饱和羧酸部分或完全酯化,在偏酯中,游离羟基可以被改性,例如醚化或用其他羧酸酯化。
酯的实例是:三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、四亚甲基二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四甘醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DPGDA)、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇三衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇五衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇六衣康酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二衣康酸酯、山梨糖醇三丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇改性三丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇五丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇六丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的低聚酯、甘油二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯、1,4-环己烷二丙烯酸酯,分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇的二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,或其混合物。还适合作为可聚合组分的是单至二十重(vigintuply)烷氧基化的,更优选单至二十重乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷,单至二十重丙氧基化的甘油或单至二十重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯,例如乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMEOPTA)。
还适合作为可聚合组分的是相同或不同的不饱和羧酸与优选具有2-6个,尤其是2-4个氨基的芳族、脂环族和脂族多胺的酰胺。该多胺的实例是乙二胺,1,2-或1,3-丙二胺,1,2-、1,3-或1,4-丁二胺,1,5-戊二胺,1,6-己二胺,辛二胺,十二烷二胺,1,4-二氨基环己烷,异佛尔酮二胺,苯二胺,联苯二胺,二-β-氨基乙醚,二亚乙基三胺,三亚乙基四胺,二(β-氨基乙氧基)-或二(β-氨基丙氧基)乙烷。其他合适的多胺是优选在侧链中具有额外的氨基的聚合物和共聚物,以及具有氨基端基的低聚酰胺。该不饱和酰胺的实例为亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、1,6-六亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、二亚乙基三胺三甲基丙烯酰胺、双(甲基丙烯酰胺丙氧基)乙烷、甲基丙烯酸β-甲基丙烯酰胺基乙酯和N[(β-羟基乙氧基)乙基]丙烯酰胺。
合适的不饱和聚酯和聚酰胺例如衍生自马来酸和二醇或二胺。一些马来酸可被其他二羧酸代替。它们可与烯属不饱和共聚单体如苯乙烯一起使用。聚酯和聚酰胺也可衍生自二羧酸和烯属不饱和二醇或二胺,尤其是衍生自具有例如6-20个碳原子的较长链的那些。聚氨酯的实例是由饱和或不饱和二异氰酸酯和分别地不饱和或饱和二醇组成的那些。
在侧链中具有(甲基)丙烯酸酯基团的聚合物同样是已知的。它们可例如为基于酚醛清漆的环氧树脂与(甲基)丙烯酸的反应产物,或者可为乙烯醇或用(甲基)丙烯酸酯化的其羟烷基衍生物的均聚物或共聚物,或者可为用(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯酯化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的均聚物和共聚物。
在侧链中具有丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯基团的其他合适的聚合物例如为溶剂可溶的或碱可溶的聚酰亚胺前体,例如聚(酰胺酸酯)化合物,其具有连接到分子中的主链或酯基的可光聚合的侧基,即根据EP624826。该低聚物或聚合物可与任选的反应性稀释剂如多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯一起配制,以制备高度敏感的聚酰亚胺前体抗蚀剂。
可聚合组分的实例还有在分子结构内具有至少两个烯属不饱和基团和至少一个羧基官能团的聚合物或低聚物,例如通过饱和或不饱和多元酸酐与环氧化合物和不饱和单羧酸的反应产物反应获得的树脂,例如JP10-301276中所述的光敏化合物和市售产品如EB9696,UCB Chemicals;KAYARAD TCR1025,Nippon Kayaku Co.,LTD.,NK OLIGO EA-6340,EA-7440,获自Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co.Ltd.,或含羧基树脂与具有α,β-不饱和双键和环氧基的不饱和化合物之间形成的加成产物(例如,ACA200M,Daicel Industes,Ltd.)。作为可聚合组分的实例的其他市售产品是获自Daicel Chemical Industries,Ltd的ACA200、ACA210P、ACA230AA、ACA250、ACA300、ACA320。
可聚合化合物还可包括聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯、环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯或碳酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯例如可通过使多异氰酸酯与(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯和任选的扩链剂如二醇、多元醇、二胺、多胺、二硫醇或多硫醇反应而获得。
聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯的数均分子量Mn优选为500-20000,特别为500-10000,更优选为600-3000g/mol(通过凝胶渗透色谱法使用四氢呋喃和作为标样的聚苯乙烯测定)。
聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选具有每1000g聚氨酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯为1-5,更优选2-4摩尔的(甲基)丙烯酸基含量。
环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯可通过使环氧化物与(甲基)丙烯酸反应获得。合适的环氧化物的实例包括环氧化烯烃、芳族缩水甘油醚或脂族缩水甘油醚,优选芳族或脂族缩水甘油醚的那些。
可能的环氧化烯烃的实例包括环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧异丁烷、1-环氧丁烷、2-环氧丁烷、乙烯基环氧乙烷、氧化苯乙烯或表氯醇,优选环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧异丁烯、乙烯基环氧乙烷、氧化苯乙烯或表氯醇,特别优选环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或表氯醇,非常特别优选环氧乙烷和表氯醇。
芳族缩水甘油醚例如为双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F二缩水甘油醚、双酚B二缩水甘油醚、双酚S二缩水甘油醚、氢醌二缩水甘油醚、苯酚/二环戊二烯的烷基化产物,例如2,5-双[(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]八氢-4,7-亚甲基-5H-茚(CAS号[13446-85-0])、三[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]甲烷异构体(CAS号[66072-39-7])、酚基环氧酚醛清漆(CAS号[9003-35-4])和甲酚基环氧酚醛清漆(CAS号[37382-79-9])。
脂族缩水甘油醚的实例包括1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚、1,1,2,2-四[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]乙烷(CAS号[27043-37-4])、聚丙二醇的二缩水甘油醚(α,ω-双(2,3-环氧丙氧基)聚氧亚丙基,CAS号[16096-30-3])和氢化双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(2,2-双[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]丙烷,CAS号[13410-58-7])。
环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选具有200-20000,更优选200-10000g/mol,非常优选250-3000g/mol的数均分子量Mn;(甲基)丙烯酸类基团的量优选为每1000g环氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯1-5个,更优选2-4个(通过凝胶渗透色谱法,使用聚苯乙烯作为标样,四氢呋喃作为洗脱剂来测定)。
碳酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯平均优选包含1-5个,尤其是2-4个,更优选2-3个(甲基)丙烯酸类基团,非常优选2个(甲基)丙烯酸类基团。
碳酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯的数均分子量Mn优选小于3000g/mol,更优选小于1500g/mol,非常优选小于800g/mol(通过凝胶渗透色谱法,使用聚苯乙烯作为标样,四氢呋喃作为溶剂测定)。
碳酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以以简单的方式通过碳酸酯与多元醇,优选二元醇(二醇,例如己二醇)酯交换,随后用(甲基)丙烯酸酯酯化游离的OH基团,或者通过与(甲基)丙烯酸酯酯交换获得,例如如EPA92269所述。它们也可通过光气、脲衍生物与多元醇如二元醇反应获得。
还可设想的是聚碳酸酯多元醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,例如上述二醇或多元醇之一与碳酸酯以及含羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反应产物。
合适的碳酸酯的实例包括碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸1,2-或1,3-亚丙基酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯或碳酸二丁酯。
合适的含羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的实例是(甲基)丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-或3-羟丙酯、1,4-丁二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油基单-和二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷单-和二(甲基)丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇单、二和三(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
特别优选的碳酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯是下式的那些:
其中R为H或CH3,X为C2-C18亚烷基,且n为1-5,优选1-3的整数。
R优选为H,X优选为C2-C10亚烷基,实例为1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基和1,6-亚己基,更优选为C4-C8亚烷基。非常特别优选X为C6亚烷基。
碳酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯优选为脂族碳酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
作为稀释剂,单官能或多官能烯属不饱和化合物或数种所述化合物的混合物可以包含在上述组合物中,基于组合物的固体部分,其含量可为至多70重量%。
本发明还提供了包含至少一种烯属不饱和可光聚合化合物作为可聚合组分的组合物,其乳化或溶解在水或有机溶剂中。
不饱和可聚合组分也可与非可光聚合的成膜组分混合使用。这些可例如为物理干燥的聚合物或其在有机溶剂中的溶液,例如硝化纤维素或乙酰丁酸纤维素。然而,它们也可为可化学和/或热固化(可热固化)的树脂,例如多异氰酸酯、聚环氧化物和三聚氰胺树脂,以及聚酰亚胺前体。同时使用热固性树脂对于在称为混杂体系的体系中的应用是重要的,其在第一步骤中是光聚合的,在第二步骤中是通过热后处理交联的。
所述可UV固化组合物包含:
(a)1.0-20.0重量%,尤其是1.0-15.0重量%,非常尤其是3.0-10.0重量%的光引发剂,
(b)99.0-80.0重量%,尤其是99.0-85.0重量%,非常尤其是97.0-90.0重量%的粘合剂(包含一个或多个烯属双键的不饱和化合物),
其中组分a)和b)的总和为100%。
在优选实施方案中,所述可UV固化组合物包含环氧丙烯酸酯(10-60%)和一种或数种(单官能和多官能)丙烯酸酯(20-90%)和一种或数种光引发剂(1-15%)。
环氧丙烯酸酯选自芳族缩水甘油醚、脂族缩水甘油醚。芳族缩水甘油醚例如为双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F二缩水甘油醚、双酚B二缩水甘油醚、双酚S二缩水甘油醚、氢醌二缩水甘油醚、苯酚/二环戊二烯的烷基化产物,例如2,5-双[(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]八氢-4,7-亚甲基-5H-茚(CAS号[13446-85-0])、三[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]甲烷异构体(CAS号[66072-39-7])、酚基环氧酚醛清漆(CAS号[9003-35-4])和甲酚基环氧酚醛清漆(CAS号[37382-79-9])。脂族缩水甘油醚的实例包括1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚、三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚、1,1,2,2-四[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯基]乙烷(CAS号[27043-37-4])、聚丙二醇的二缩水甘油醚(α,ω-双(2,3-环氧丙氧基)聚氧亚丙基,CAS号[16096-30-3])和氢化双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(2,2-双[4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)环己基]丙烷,CAS号[13410-58-7])。
所述一种或数种丙烯酸酯优选为多官能单体,其选自三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基乙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、四亚甲基二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三甘醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、四甘醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(DPGDA)、季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇二衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇三衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇五衣康酸酯、二季戊四醇六衣康酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、1,4-丁二醇二衣康酸酯、山梨糖醇三丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇四丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇改性的三丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇四甲基丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇五丙烯酸酯、山梨糖醇六丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的低聚酯、甘油二丙烯酸酯和三丙烯酸酯、1,4-环己烷二丙烯酸酯、分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇的双丙烯酸酯和双甲基丙烯酸酯、单至二十重烷氧基化,更优选单至二十重乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷,单至二十重丙氧基化的甘油或单至二十重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯,例如乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMEOPTA),或其混合物。
光引发剂优选为式(XI)的α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物与式(X)的二苯甲酮化合物的混合物;或式(XI)的α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物、式(X)的二苯甲酮化合物和式(XII)的酰基氧化膦化合物的混合物。
在另一优选实施方案中,所述可UV固化的组合物包含:
在另一优选实施方案中,所述可UV固化组合物包含:
光引发剂优选为式(XI)的α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物与式(X)的二苯甲酮化合物的混合物;或式(XI)的α-羟基酮、α-烷氧基酮或α-氨基酮化合物、式(X)的二苯甲酮化合物和式(XII)的酰基氧化膦化合物的混合物。
可固化组合物可包含各种添加剂。其实例包括热抑制剂、共引发剂和/或敏化剂、光稳定剂、荧光增白剂、填料和颜料,以及白色和着色颜料、染料、抗静电剂、润湿剂、流动助剂、润滑剂、蜡、抗粘剂、分散剂、乳化剂、抗氧化剂;填料,例如滑石、石膏、硅酸、金红石、炭黑、氧化锌、铁氧化物;反应促进剂、增稠剂、消光剂、消泡剂、流平剂和其他常规助剂,例如在漆、油墨和涂料技术中。
共引发剂/敏化剂的实例尤其为芳族羰基化合物,例如二苯甲酮、噻吨酮,尤其是异丙基噻吨酮、蒽醌和3-酰基香豆素衍生物、三联苯、苯乙烯酮,以及3-(芳酰基亚甲基)-噻唑啉、樟脑醌,以及曙红、若丹明和赤藓红染料。例如,当光引发剂由二苯甲酮或二苯甲酮衍生物组成时,胺也可视为光敏剂。
光稳定剂的实例是:
亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯(加工稳定剂),例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂基酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二异癸氧基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨糖醇三亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)4,4'-亚联苯基二亚磷酸酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂八环(dioxaphosphocin)、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基酯、亚磷酸二(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂八环、2,2',2”-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3',5,5'-四叔丁基-1,1'-联苯-2,2'-二基)亚磷酸酯]、2-乙基己基(3,3',5,5'-四叔丁基-1,1'-联苯-2,2'-二基)亚磷酸酯、5-丁基-5-乙基-2-(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环丙烷(dioxaphosphirane)、亚磷酸、混合2,4-二(1,1-二甲基丙基)苯基和4-(1,1-二甲基丙基)苯基三酯(CAS号939402-02-5)、亚磷酸、三苯酯、具有α-氢-ω-羟基聚[氧基(甲基-1,2-乙二基)]的聚合物、C10-16烷基酯(CAS号1227937-46-3)。尤其优选以下亚磷酸酯:三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,
下式的醌甲基化物
其中:
R21和R22彼此独立地为C1-C18烷基、C5-C12环烷基、C7-C15苯基烷基、任选取代的C6-C10芳基;
R23和R24彼此独立地为H,任选取代的C6-C10芳基,2-、3-、4-吡啶基,2-、3-呋喃基或噻吩基,COOH,COOR25,CONH2,CONHR25,CONR25R26,-CN,-COR25,-OCOR25,-OPO(OR25)2,其中R25和R26彼此独立地为C1-C8烷基或苯基。优选的是其中R21和R22为叔丁基,R23为H,且R24为任选取代的苯基、COOH、COOR25、CONH2、CONHR25、CONR25R26、-CN、-COR25、-OCOR25、-OPO(OR25)2,其中R25和R26为C1-C8烷基或苯基的醌甲基化物。醌甲基化物的实例为:
醌甲基化物可与例如US20110319535中所述的高位阻硝酰基组合使用。
醌甲基化物通常以基于可UV固化组合物总重量为约0.01-0.3重量%,优选约0.04-0.15重量%的比例使用。
所用的流平剂(其另外还用于改善耐刮擦性)可为同样可由Tego获得的产品 Rad 2100、 Rad 2200、 Rad 2300、 Rad2500、Rad 2600、Rad 2700和Twin 4000。该类助剂可获自BYK,例如作为-300、-306、-307、-310、-320、-322、-331、-333、-337、-341、354、361N、-378和-388。
流平剂通常以基于可UV固化组合物总重量为约0.005-1.0重量%,优选约0.01-0.2重量%的比例使用。
在本发明的另一实施方案中,紫外线涂层可以是着色的。即,可固化组合物可包含颜料和/或染料。颜料可为透明有机着色颜料或无机颜料。
合适的着色颜料尤其包括选自偶氮、偶氮甲碱、次甲基、蒽醌、酞菁、perinone、苝、二酮吡咯并吡咯、硫靛蓝、二噁嗪亚氨基异吲哚啉、二噁嗪、亚氨基异吲哚啉酮、喹吖啶酮、黄烷士酮、阴丹酮、蒽素嘧啶和喹酞酮颜料的有机颜料,或其混合物或固溶体;尤其是二噁嗪、二酮基吡咯并吡咯、喹吖啶酮、酞菁、阴丹酮或亚氨基异吲哚啉酮颜料,或其混合物或固溶体。
特别感兴趣的着色有机颜料包括C.I.颜料红202、C.I.颜料红122、C.I.颜料红179、C.I.颜料红170、C.I.颜料红144、C.I.颜料红177、C.I.颜料红254、C.I.颜料红255、C.I.颜料红264、C.I.颜料棕23、C.I.颜料黄109、C.I.颜料黄110、C.I.颜料黄147、C.I.颜料橙61、C.I.颜料橙71、C.I.颜料橙73、C.I.颜料橙48、C.I.颜料橙49、C.I.颜料蓝15、C.I.颜料蓝60、C.I.颜料紫23、C.I.颜料紫37、C.I.颜料紫19、C.I.颜料绿7、C.I.颜料绿36、WO62/055807中所述的片状2,9-二氯喹吖啶酮或其混合物或固溶体。
片状有机颜料,例如片状喹吖啶酮、酞菁、fluororubine、二噁嗪、苝红或二酮基吡咯并吡咯,可有利地用作组分B。
合适的着色颜料还包括常规的无机颜料;尤其是选自金属氧化物、锑黄、铬酸铅、铬酸硫酸铅、钼酸铅、群青蓝、钴蓝、锰蓝、氧化铬绿、水合氧化铬绿、钴绿和金属硫化物,例如硫化铈或硫化镉、硫硒化镉、铁酸锌、钒酸铋、普鲁士蓝、Fe3O4、炭黑和混合金属氧化物的那些。市售的无机颜料的实例为3920、920、645T、303T、110、110M、CHROMOXIDGRUEN GN和CHROMOXIDGRUEN GN-M。
可用于使可固化组合物着色的染料的实例选自偶氮、偶氮甲碱、次甲基、蒽醌、酞菁、二噁嗪、黄烷士酮、阴丹酮、蒽素嘧啶和金属络合物染料。优选单偶氮染料、钴络合物染料、铬络合物染料、蒽醌染料和铜酞菁染料。
本发明的OVD可包括位于固化的压花膜上的金属层或透明高反射率(HRI)材料层。金属和HRI材料可在步骤i)中通过真空沉积施加,但优选通过常规印刷机例如照相凹版印刷、轮转凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、胶版印刷、凸版凹版印刷和/或丝网方法或其他印刷方法施加到压花层上。
OVD可涂覆有具有高折射率(HRI)的透明材料的薄膜。实例是折射率大于全息图形成层(η=约1.50)的透明聚合物,例如PEI(聚醚酰亚胺;η=1.65-1.77)、PEEK(聚醚醚酮;η=1.66-1.67)和聚砜(η=1.63-1.65)。此外,通过将高折射率材料,尤其是纳米颗粒引入到常规聚合物或本征高折射率聚合物中,产生了非本征高折射率聚合物。
透明高反射率材料优选选自聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ZnS、ZnO、Si、Sb2S3、Fe2O3、PbO、PbS、ZnSe、CdS、TiO2、PbCl2、CeO2、Ta2O5、ZnO、CdO和Nd2O3的纳米颗粒,其中PMMA的纳米颗粒、TiO2的纳米颗粒和ZnS片是优选的。涂覆有透明HRI涂层的基材通常用于安全应用,例如身份证或通行卡,其中希望位于全息图后面的信息保持肉眼可见。
基于HRI材料的油墨可包含金属颜料颗粒、溶剂和任选的粘合剂。例如,参考欧洲专利申请17182268.7。
溶剂优选选自水、醇(例如甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、2-丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇)、环醚或无环醚(例如乙醚、四氢呋喃和2-甲基四氢呋喃)、酮(例如丙酮、2-丁酮、3-戊酮)、醚醇(例如2-甲氧基乙醇、1-甲氧基-2-丙醇、乙二醇单丁醚、二甘醇单乙醚、二甘醇单丙醚和二甘醇单丁醚)、酯(例如乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯和3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯)及其混合物。
最优选挥发性伯醇或仲醇,例如乙醇和异丙醇。
(涂料或印刷油墨)组合物中溶剂的量取决于涂覆方法、印刷方法等。对于照相凹版印刷,溶剂可以以占印刷油墨组合物的80-97重量%,优选90-95重量%的量存在于印刷油墨组合物中。
印刷油墨组合物可包含粘合剂。通常,粘合剂是涂料组合物中常规使用的高分子量有机化合物。高分子量有机材料通常具有约103至108g/mol或甚至更高的分子量。它们可例如为天然树脂、干性油、橡胶或酪蛋白,或由其衍生的天然物质,例如氯化橡胶、油改性的醇酸树脂、粘胶纤维、纤维素醚或酯,例如乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、乙酰丁酸纤维素或硝化纤维素,但尤其是通过聚合、缩聚或加聚获得的完全合成的有机聚合物(热固性塑料和热塑性塑料)。在聚合树脂类中,可特别提及聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚异丁烯,以及取代的聚烯烃,例如氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯或丁二烯的聚合产物,以及所述单体的共聚产物,例如尤其是ABS或EVA。
关于粘合剂树脂,可使用热塑性树脂,其实例包括聚乙烯基聚合物[聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯醇-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物],聚丙烯(PP),乙烯基聚合物[聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVdC)、聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVF)],聚苯乙烯基聚合物[聚苯乙烯(PS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)],丙烯酸基聚合物[聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、MMA-苯乙烯共聚物],聚碳酸酯(PC),纤维素类[乙基纤维素(EC)、乙酸纤维素(CA)、丙基纤维素(CP)、乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)、硝酸纤维素(CN),也称为硝化纤维素],氟基聚合物[聚氯氟乙烯(PCTFE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、四氟乙烯-六氟乙烯共聚物(FEP)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)],聚氨酯基聚合物(PU),尼龙类[6型、66型、610型、11型],聚酯(烷基)[聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸环己烷二醇酯(PCT)]、酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂等。此外,也可使用热固性树脂如甲阶酚醛树脂、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯等,以及天然树脂如蛋白质、树胶、虫胶、柯巴脂(copal)、淀粉和松香。
粘合剂优选包括如下中的一种或多种:硝化纤维素、乙基纤维素、乙酸纤维素、乙酸丙酸纤维素(CAP)、乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、醇溶性丙酸酯(ASP)、氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯、乙烯基、丙烯酸类、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、松香酯、烃、醛、酮、氨基甲酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、萜烯酚、聚烯烃、硅酮、纤维素、聚酰胺、聚酯、松香酯树脂、虫胶及其混合物,最优选的是可溶性纤维素衍生物,例如羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、硝化纤维素、羧甲基纤维素以及壳聚糖和琼脂糖,特别是羟乙基纤维素和羟丙基纤维素。
金属基油墨可包含金属颜料颗粒、粘合剂和任选的溶剂。
金属颜料颗粒可包含任何合适的金属。合适的金属材料的非限制性实例包括铝、银、铜、金、铂、锡、钛、钯、镍、钴、铑、铌、不锈钢、镍铬合金、铬及其化合物、组合或合金。所述颗粒可包含选自铝、金、银、铂和铜的任何一种或多种。优选地,所述颗粒包括铝、银和/或铜片。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,使用银、铂和铜的片状过渡金属颗粒,其最长尺寸的边长为15-1000nm,优选为15-600nm,特别为20-500nm,厚度为2-100nm,优选为2-40nm,特别为4-30nm。成型过渡金属颗粒的制备例如描述于US2008/0295646、WO2004/089813、WO2006/099312、C.Xue等,Adv.Mater.,19,2007,4071,WO2009056401和WO2010/108837中。WO2011/064162中描述了使用片状过渡金属颗粒来产生全息图。所述油墨包含基于油墨总重量为0.1-90重量%,优选为0.1-70重量%的成型过渡金属颗粒总含量。优选地,粘合剂包括50%的硝化纤维素以及下文提及的任何树脂。所述油墨可额外包含溶剂。溶剂可为酯/醇混合物,优选乙酸正丙酯和乙醇。更优选地,酯/醇混合物的比例为10:1至40:1,甚至更优选为20:1至30:1。金属油墨中所用的溶剂可包括如下中的任何一种或多种:酯,例如乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;醇,例如乙醇、工业甲基化酒精、异丙醇或正丙醇;酮,例如甲基乙基酮或丙酮;芳族烃,例如甲苯;和水。
片状(过渡)金属颗粒可与球形(过渡)金属颗粒组合使用。或者,可单独使用直径≤40nm、尤其是≤20nm的球形(过渡)金属颗粒。
此外,含银纳米颗粒的层可通过WO2016170160和欧洲专利申请17170968.6和17183732.1中描述的方法制备。
在另一优选的实施方案中,金属颜料选自铝、不锈钢、镍铬合金、金、银、铂或任何其他金属,其可蒸发并通过真空沉积或通过溅射或电子束沉积施加。
优选地,所述金属颜料为铝,并且通过物理气相沉积(PVD)制备。金属颗粒的厚度为5-50nm,尤其为8-21nm。平均粒径可为8-15微米,优选为9-10微米直径,通过CoulterLS130激光衍射粒度仪测量。
适用于本发明方法的金属油墨的实例公开于WO05/051675、WO2005049745和WO2010/069823中。
与普通印刷油墨的情况一样,所述油墨包含金属片,尤其是铝片,粘合剂,助剂等。
作为载体的主要成分的粘合剂树脂,也可以使用其中不使用溶剂的可光聚合固化的树脂或可电子束固化的树脂。其实例包括丙烯酸类树脂,并且下文示出了可商购获得的丙烯酸类单体的具体实例。
可使用的单官能丙烯酸酯单体包括例如丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯-EO加合物、乙氧基二甘醇丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸2-羟丙酯、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯-己内酯加合物、丙烯酸2-苯氧基乙酯、苯氧基二甘醇丙烯酸酯、壬基酚-EO加合物丙烯酸酯、(壬基酚-EO加合物)-己内酯加合物丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸2-羟基-3-苯氧基丙酯、丙烯酸四氢糠基酯、糠醇-己内酯加合物丙烯酸酯、丙烯酰基吗啉、丙烯酸二环戊烯基酯、丙烯酸二环戊基酯、丙烯酸二环戊烯氧基乙酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯、(4,4-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷)-己内酯加合物丙烯酸酯、(3-甲基-5,5-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷)-己内酯加合物丙烯酸酯等。
可使用的多官能丙烯酸酯单体包括己二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯二丙烯酸酯、(新戊二醇羟基新戊酸酯)-己内酯加合物二丙烯酸酯、(1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油醚)-丙烯酸加合物、(羟基新戊醛-三羟甲基丙烷乙缩醛)二丙烯酸酯、2,2-双[4-(丙烯酰氧基二乙氧基)苯基]丙烷、2,2-双[4-(丙烯酰氧基二乙氧基)苯基]甲烷、氢化双酚A-环氧乙烷加合物二丙烯酸酯、三环癸烷二甲醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、(三羟甲基丙烷-环氧丙烷)加合物三丙烯酸酯、甘油-环氧丙烷加合物三丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯和五丙烯酸酯的混合物、二季戊四醇和低级脂肪酸和丙烯酸的酯、二季戊四醇-己内酯加合物丙烯酸酯、三(丙烯酰氧基乙基)异氰脲酸酯、2-丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酸酯等。
包含上述树脂的油墨不含溶剂,并且被构造成在电子束或电磁波照射下发生链反应聚合。
对于这些油墨中的紫外线照射型油墨,可向其中加入光聚合引发剂,并且根据其需要,可向其中加入敏化剂和助剂如阻聚剂和链转移剂等。
关于光聚合引发剂,有(1)直接光解型引发剂,包括芳基烷基酮、肟酮、酰基氧化膦等,(2)自由基聚合反应型引发剂,包括二苯甲酮衍生物、噻吨酮衍生物等,(3)阳离子聚合反应型引发剂,包括芳基重氮盐、芳基碘鎓盐、芳基锍盐和芳基苯乙酮盐等,和另外,(4)能量转移型引发剂,(5)光氧化还原型引发剂,(6)电子转移型引发剂等。对于可电子束固化型油墨,不需要光聚合引发剂,并且可使用与紫外线照射型油墨的情况下相同类型的树脂,并且可根据需要向其中加入各种助剂。
此外,对于粘合剂树脂,可使用热塑性树脂,其实例包括聚乙烯基聚合物[聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯醇-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物],聚丙烯(PP),乙烯基聚合物[聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVdC)、聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVF)],聚苯乙烯基聚合物[聚苯乙烯(PS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(AS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)],丙烯酸基聚合物[聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、MMA-苯乙烯共聚物],聚碳酸酯(PC),纤维素类[乙基纤维素(EC)、乙酸纤维素(CA)、丙基纤维素(CP)、乙酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)、硝酸纤维素(CN)],氟基聚合物[聚氯氟乙烯(PCTFE)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、四氟乙烯-六氟乙烯共聚物(FEP)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVdF)],氨基甲酸酯基聚合物(PU),尼龙类[6型、66型、610型、11型],聚酯(烷基)[聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸环己烷二醇酯(PCT)],酚醛清漆型酚醛树脂等。此外,也可使用热固性树脂如甲阶酚醛树脂型、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯等,以及天然树脂如蛋白质、树胶、虫胶、柯巴脂、淀粉和松香。
此外,根据需要,可向粘合剂中加入用于稳定印刷膜的柔性和强度的增塑剂和用于调节其粘度和干燥性能的溶剂。溶剂可包括如下中的任何一种或多种:酯,例如乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯;醇,例如乙醇、工业甲基化酒精、异丙醇或正丙醇;酮,例如甲基乙基酮或丙酮;芳族烃,例如二甲苯和甲苯。根据印刷方法的类型,可使用约100℃的低沸点温度的溶剂和250℃或更高的高沸点温度的石油溶剂。例如,可使用烷基苯等作为低沸点温度的溶剂。溶剂的实例为乙氧基丙醇、甲基乙基酮、甲氧基丙基乙酸酯、双丙酮醇等。
粘合剂可包括选自如下中的任何一种或多种:硝化纤维素、氯乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯基、丙烯酸类、氨基甲酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、萜烯酚、聚烯烃、硅酮、纤维素、聚酰胺、松香酯树脂。优选的粘合剂是50%硝化纤维素(ID硝化纤维素DHL120/170和硝化纤维素DLX30/50,由Nobel Industries提供)、50%聚氨酯(ID Neorez U335,由Avecia提供)。所述溶剂可为酯/醇混合物,优选20:1至30:1比例的乙酸正丙酯和乙醇。
优选地,颜料与粘合剂的重量比为10:1至1:10。更优选地,颜料与粘合剂的重量比为6:1至1:6,甚至更优选为4:1至1:4。最优选地,颜料与粘合剂之比为3:1至1:3.
此外,可适当地添加助剂,包括用于改善干燥性能、粘度和分散性的各种反应剂。所述助剂是用于调节油墨的性能的助剂,例如,可使用改善油墨表面的耐磨性的化合物和加速油墨干燥的干燥剂等。
所述油墨包含基于油墨总重量为0.1-20重量%,优选为0.1-10重量%的金属,尤其是铝颜料的总含量。按组合物重量计的金属颜料含量可小于10%。优选地,按组合物重量计的颜料含量小于6%,更优选为0.1-6%,甚至更优选为0.1-3%,仍更优选为0.2-2%。在本发明的另一实施方案中,油墨的金属颜料含量可为2-4重量%,优选为3重量%。
优选地,当沉积在基材上时,金属油墨的厚度足够薄以允许光透过。优选地,当带有金属化图像或图案的基材随后被覆盖在印刷的图片和/或文本上时,或者基材被预印刷有图片和/或文本并且在其上沉积金属化图像或图案时,那些印刷特征透过金属油墨涂覆的光变图像或器件是可见的。
此外,本发明涉及(安全)元件,其包括:
柔性基材,
底漆层,和
压花膜,其可通过本发明的方法获得。
所述安全元件可包括一个或多个其他层,其选自黑色层、白色层、金属层、等离子体层、液晶层、磁性层、荧光层、干涉层、等离子体层、着色层、IR吸收层、IR透明层和导电层。所述层可全部或部分地印刷在安全元件上。
安全元件可为安全文件的一部分。因此,本发明涉及一种安全文件,其包括本发明的安全元件作为层压物层压到文件上或作为(开窗的)线包埋在文件中或作为文件上的窗口。窗线的制备例如描述在EP319157、WO14108329和WO03054297中。安全文件可例如为钞票、印花税票、ID卡、凭证、门票或标签。
将根据实施例进一步讨论本发明的各方面和特征。以下实施例旨在说明本发明的各方面和特征。
实施例
底漆配制剂:
1)式(V)化合物,其中n为1,R11为式的基团,其中R13和R14彼此独立地各自为含1-4个碳原子的烷基,Yi为-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-基团,优选为-CH2-CH2-O-。
可UV固化组合物如下所示:
对比实施例1
将由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成的23微米双轴取向的共挤出膜 RNK(Mitsubishi)以300W分钟/m2进行电晕处理( CLNE015-130-1KB3),并用所述可UV固化的组合物印刷。使用UV灯GEW,E2C-35-3汞灯(140W/cm)、50%功率强度和在夹辊上的5巴压力下以30m/分钟在含有全息结构的镍垫片上进行UV浇铸。在PET上的全息图像转移是通过视觉评估的,并且全息图在PET上的粘附性是用胶带测试(Tesa4104粘合剂)进行的。
实施例1
使用70l/cm的照相凹版滚筒,用可UV固化组合物套印涂有底漆配制剂的PET箔,并使用UV灯GEW,E2C-35-3汞灯(140W/cm)、50%功率强度、在夹辊上的5巴压力以30m/分钟在含有全息结构的镍衬垫上进行UV浇铸。在PET上的全息图像转移是通过视觉评估的,并且全息图在PET上的粘附性是用胶带测试(Tesa 4104粘合剂)进行的。
对比实施例2
实施例2
对比实施例3
实施例3
对比实施例4
实施例4
表1全息图像转移和全息图对基材粘附性的评价
在所有测试膜仅进行电晕处理的情况下,观察到差的全息图转移。将UV浇铸的全息图粘贴在垫片上。可见到在膜基材上没有或很差的全息图转移。
当首先印刷底漆配制剂时,在所有测试的膜基材的表面上发生良好的全息图转移。底漆配制剂提供了可UV固化组合物在膜基材上的强粘附性,因此在印刷速度下获得了UV浇铸全息图的良好转移。
当以70l/cm,而非305l/cm照相凹版滚筒印刷时,获得了类似的结果。
Claims (18)
1.一种在柔性基材上制备强粘附性压花膜的方法,其包括:
a)任选地将柔性基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理;
b)将底漆组合物施加到基材上,所述底漆组合物包含:
b1)至少一种聚氨酯(A),其包含如下物质作为合成组分:
(b1a)至少一种官能度大于2的有机脂族、芳族或脂环族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
(b1b)至少一种化合物,在每种情况下具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团,
(b1c)至少一种具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的光引发剂,
b2)至少一种多官能可聚合化合物(B),
b3)溶剂或溶剂混合物,
c)通过施加IR辐射和/或热干燥来蒸发溶剂,
d)通过UV/VIS辐射或电子束来固化底漆层,
e)任选地将涂覆有底漆的基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理,
f)将可固化组合物施加到底漆层上,
g)任选地,使至少一部分可固化组合物与表面浮雕微结构形成装置接触,
h)通过UV/VIS辐射或电子束来固化任选压花的膜,和
i)任选地在至少一部分固化的组合物上沉积透明的高折射率材料层和/或金属层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其包括:
a)将柔性基材暴露于电晕放电或等离子体放电处理;
b)将底漆组合物施加到基材上,
c)通过施加IR辐射和/或热干燥来蒸发溶剂,
d)通过UV/VIS辐射或电子束来固化底漆层,
f)将可固化组合物施加到底漆层上,
g)使至少一部分可固化组合物与表面浮雕微结构形成装置接触,
h)通过UV/VIS辐射来固化压花膜,和
i)任选地在至少一部分固化的组合物上沉积透明的高折射率材料层和/或金属层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述柔性基材选自双轴取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(BOPET)膜或双轴取向的聚丙烯(BOPP)膜。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法,其中通过狭缝模、刮刀、逆转辊、计量棒涂覆、照相凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、丝网印刷或喷墨印刷来施加所述底漆组合物。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法,其中通过狭缝模、刮刀、逆转辊、计量棒涂覆、照相凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、丝网印刷或喷墨印刷来施加所述液晶组合物。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述压花膜具有>20N/m的剥离力。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述可固化组合物包含:
(a)1.0-20.0重量%,尤其是1.0-15.0重量%,非常尤其是3.0-10.0重量%的光引发剂,
(b)99.0-80.0重量%,尤其是99.0-85.0重量%,非常尤其是97.0-90.0重量%的树脂,
其中组分a)和b)的总和为100%。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法,其中聚氨酯(A)为下式的化合物:
其中:
R13、R14和R15彼此独立地各自为氢、含1-4个碳原子的烷基或含1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,
p可为0(零)或1-10的整数,且
对于i=1至p,Yi可彼此独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHVin-O-、-CHVin-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHPh-O-和-CHPh-CH2-O-,优选选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-,更优选为-CH2-CH2-O-,其中Ph为苯基和Vin为乙烯基。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中可聚合化合物(B)选自1,2-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,尤其是分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、二(三羟甲基丙烷)三丙烯酸酯、二(三羟甲基丙烷)四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、单至二十重烷氧基化的,更优选单至二十重乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷的三丙烯酸酯,单至二十重丙氧基化的甘油的三丙烯酸酯,或单至二十重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中溶剂(b3))选自C2-C6醇、醚、醚-C2-C6醇、其混合物以及与水的混合物。
11.一种安全元件,包括:
柔性基材,
底漆层,和
任选压花的膜,
其可通过根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法获得。
12.根据权利要求11所述的安全元件,包括一个或多个其他层,所述其他层选自黑色层、白色层、金属层、等离子体层、液晶层、磁性层、荧光层、干涉层、着色层、IR吸收层、IR透明层和导电层。
13.一种安全文件,包括根据权利要求11或12所述的安全元件以作为在该文件上的层压物或作为(窗口)线包埋在该文件中或作为该文件上的窗口。
14.一种底漆组合物,其包含:
b1)至少一种聚氨酯(A),其包含如下物质作为合成组分:
(b1a)至少一种官能度大于2的有机脂族、芳族或脂环族二异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯,
(b1b)至少一种化合物,其在每种情况下具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个可自由基聚合的不饱和基团,
(b1c)至少一种具有至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团的光引发剂,b2)至少一种多官能可聚合化合物(B),
b3)溶剂或溶剂混合物,其中溶剂的比例为90.0-99.5重量%,化合物(B)和聚氨酯(A)的比例为10.0-0.5重量%,其中溶剂、化合物(B)和聚氨酯(A)的比例加和为100重量%。
15.根据权利要求14所述的底漆组合物,其中聚氨酯(A)为下式的化合物:
R13、R14和R15彼此独立地各自为氢、含1-4个碳原子的烷基或含1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,
p可为0(零)或1-10的整数,且
对于i=1至p,Yi可彼此独立地选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-、-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-C(CH3)2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHVin-O-、-CHVin-CH2-O-、-CH2-CHPh-O-和-CHPh-CH2-O-,优选选自-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-CH(CH3)-O-和-CH(CH3)-CH2-O-,更优选为-CH2-CH2-O-,其中Ph为苯基且Vin为乙烯基。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的底漆组合物,其中可聚合化合物(B)选自1,2-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,3-丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,尤其是分子量为200-1500的聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、二(三羟甲基丙烷)四丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、单至二十重烷氧基化的,更优选单至二十重乙氧基化的三羟甲基丙烷的三丙烯酸酯,单至二十重丙氧基化的甘油的三丙烯酸酯,或单至二十重乙氧基化和/或丙氧基化的季戊四醇的三丙烯酸酯。
17.根据权利要求14、15或16所述的底漆组合物,其中溶剂(b3))选自C1-C6醇、醚-C1-C6醇,例如1,2-二甲氧基丙醇,及其混合物。
18.根据权利要求14、15或16所述的底漆组合物用于改善可固化层对柔性基材的粘附性的用途。
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EP18169190 | 2018-04-25 | ||
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PCT/EP2019/060260 WO2019206845A1 (en) | 2018-04-25 | 2019-04-23 | Process for the production of strongly adherent (embossed) films on flexible substrates |
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EP (1) | EP3784499A1 (zh) |
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CN114434580B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-09-29 | 浙江天振科技股份有限公司 | 一种地板表面的处理方法 |
WO2023170132A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2023-09-14 | Basf Se | Casting lacquer for screen printing |
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- 2019-04-23 US US17/045,703 patent/US20210086545A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-04-23 EP EP19719489.7A patent/EP3784499A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-04-23 AU AU2019260116A patent/AU2019260116A1/en not_active Abandoned
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