CN111927198A - Solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive enclosure structure - Google Patents
Solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive enclosure structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111927198A CN111927198A CN202010903855.0A CN202010903855A CN111927198A CN 111927198 A CN111927198 A CN 111927198A CN 202010903855 A CN202010903855 A CN 202010903855A CN 111927198 A CN111927198 A CN 111927198A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive envelope structure which comprises a variable transparency solid-solid phase change material, a high-reflectivity film, a heat insulation layer, a right-angle fixing piece and a bolt nut. The variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is arranged on the outermost side, the high-reflectivity membrane is arranged between the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material and the heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is positioned on the inner side, and the whole structure is fixed by a right-angle fixing piece made of high-strength plastic materials and bolts and nuts. At high temperature in summer, the solid-solid phase change material is in a transparent state, solar radiation is reflected to the outdoor environment under the action of the high-reflectivity film after penetrating through the transparent solid-solid phase change material, the heat of the heat insulation layer is reduced, and the heat insulation effect of the enclosure structure is realized; at low temperature in winter, the solid-solid phase change material is in an opaque state, can absorb solar radiation and store the solar radiation in the solid-solid phase change material, maintains the temperature of the enclosure structure at a higher level, reduces heat loss of the enclosure structure to the outdoor side, and achieves the effect of heat preservation of the enclosure structure. The solar energy heat-preserving and heat-insulating film has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing cost, realizes the active regulation of solar radiation heat-obtaining of the building envelope structure by combining the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material and the high-reflectivity film, and has the functions of heat preservation and heat insulation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building envelope structure made of a variable transparency solid-solid phase change material, and belongs to the technical field of building and construction.
Background
The energy consumption of the present chinese building accounts for about 30-40% of the total energy consumption of society and is expected to continue to increase, with heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems consuming more than 40% of the energy consumption of the building, and of which about 60-80% of the heating and cooling loads are caused by heat transfer through the building envelope, which includes windows, walls and roofs, being a significant source of heat loss, and in these building envelopes, as much as 25-30% of the heat transfer through the walls. Due to the setting of fixed thermophysical parameters, the traditional building envelope structure is difficult to realize self heat balance according to indoor external air temperature and solar energy. An ideal building envelope would best be able to take full advantage of solar radiation in the winter and minimize solar heat gain in the summer. At present, the main building envelope heat preservation and insulation methods comprise roof greening, built-in heat preservation, embedded phase change material heat preservation, concrete hollow block building and the like, but the outer envelope wall body is directly influenced by outdoor solar radiation, cannot directly regulate the solar radiation and only can passively receive the solar radiation. Many scholars utilize the phase change process of the solid-liquid phase change material in the wall body to reduce the fluctuation of the internal temperature of the building, improve the heat comfort of the indoor environment, simultaneously can transfer the peak load of the building and reduce the energy consumption of the building. However, the solid-liquid phase change material needs to be packaged or shaped, and has the problems of edge leakage, volatilization or corrosion, and the like, which limits the application of the solid-liquid phase change material in the building to a certain extent. Compared with the solid-liquid phase change material, the solid-solid phase change material is always in a solid state in the phase change process, the absorption and the release of heat are realized through the conversion of the material between a crystallization (solid state) state and a non-crystallization (solid state) state, and part of the solid-solid phase change material is in a transparent state during high-temperature phase change and non-crystallization and is in an opaque state during low-temperature crystallization. The characteristic that the transparency of the solid-solid phase change material is variable is utilized, the solid-solid phase change weather self-adaptive enclosure structure is provided, the radiation heat gain of the enclosure structure can be adjusted according to outdoor weather parameters, and external energy supply is not needed.
Through the literature search of the prior art, the Chinese patent application number is 201920289553.1, the name of the utility model is: a rotatable assembled type winter and summer dual-purpose multilayer phase change wall body relates to a combined type phase change wall body temperature regulation technology. The movable wall body is arranged between the fixed wall body and the grid end cover and consists of a concrete layer and two phase change material layers with different phase change points, the movable wall body is driven by the rotating shaft supports on two sides of the movable wall body to rotate, the movable wall body is rotated according to outdoor meteorological conditions, the utilization rate of the phase change materials of the phase change wall body is improved, and the heat flow of the wall body is adjusted in winter and summer. However, the device is complex in system, needs external energy supply for driving, cannot adjust the radiation heat gain of the wall body, and is limited in application scene. Chinese patent application No. 201911059889.X, the patent name of invention is: a building enclosure wall capable of playing an energy-saving role all year round relates to temperature regulation of a combined phase-change wall. The system comprises an outer facing, a base layer wall body, an interface mortar layer, a heat insulation layer, a first phase change mortar layer, a second phase change mortar layer, a third phase change mortar layer, a plastering layer and an inner facing layer. The system sets different phase-change temperatures for the three phase-change mortar layers, so that the enclosure wall can meet the requirement of energy conservation of buildings all year round. However, the system is only a simple combination of phase change materials with different phase change temperature points, and is inflexible in responding to outdoor environment temperature change, high in manufacturing cost and complex in system. Chinese patent application No. 201811069092.3, the patent name of the invention is: a phase-change material rolling device for changing phase-change temperature relates to the temperature regulation of a phase-change material embedded in a curtain. The system comprises: the device is put to phase change material winding and phase change material book, and the phase change material winding connects gradually the phase change material section that has different phase transition temperature in length direction, in the transition season, summer, releases different phase change material sections respectively winter for phase change material all can absorb indoor environment heat by the latent heat of phase change daytime year, and the latent heat of phase change is indoor environment heat supply night. But the device has complex structure and higher cost, improves indoor thermal comfort and can influence indoor lighting and beauty. Chinese patent application No. 201921774776.3, the patent name of the invention is: the utility model provides a compound ceramic tile that can automatic temperature adjustment, this technique relates to the temperature adjustment of embedded phase change material layer of wall body. The system consists of a decorative layer, a phase change material layer and a press seal layer, and adopts a flat buckle connection mode. Graphene powder is added in the processing process of the ceramic decoration layer, heat transfer between the indoor and phase change material layers is enhanced, and the phase change material realizes heat storage and heat release according to the indoor temperature so as to adjust the indoor temperature. However, the system only utilizes the cold and heat storage functions of the phase-change material to adjust the indoor temperature and cannot respond to the outdoor environment change. The temperature regulating system combining the phase-change material with the building envelope can improve indoor thermal comfort and realize building energy conservation, but has the problems of complex structure, high power driving energy consumption, inflexible response to outdoor environment change, incapability of regulating wall radiation to heat and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive enclosure structure is provided, and the purpose of effectively utilizing solar energy to realize the heat preservation of the enclosure structure in winter is realized while the solar radiation heat gain of the enclosure structure is effectively reduced in summer by utilizing the characteristic of variable transparency of a solid-solid phase change material.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, the invention relates to a solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive enclosure structure, which comprises: the device comprises a variable transparency solid-solid phase change material, a high-reflectivity film, a heat insulation layer, a right-angle fixing piece and a bolt nut.
The variable transparency solid-solid phase change material has lower thermal conductivity and higher phase change latent heat value, and the phase change temperature point of the phase change material can be selected between 20 ℃ and 35 ℃ according to the climate characteristics and is arranged on the upper side of the high-reflectivity film. When the outdoor environment temperature is higher than the phase change temperature point of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is completely converted into an amorphous state from a crystalline state, the transparency is improved, and the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material presents a transparent state to solar incident radiation; when the outdoor environment temperature is lower than the phase change point of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is converted into a crystalline state from an amorphous state, and at the moment, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material presents an opaque state to solar radiation. The variable transparency solid-solid phase change material can realize the change of the transparency of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material to incident solar radiation according to the outdoor environment temperature. The utilized variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is a transparent phase change material with a certain energy storage function, for example, polyhydric alcohol organic substances including tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TAM), tris (hydroxymethyl) ethane (PG), Pentaerythritol (PE) and the like can be used as the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material after purification treatment.
The high-reflectivity film is arranged between the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material and the heat insulation layer, is a film with high reflectivity to sunlight, such as aluminum foil or polyester film, and is always opaque to solar radiation.
The heat-insulating layer is arranged at the lowest side, is directly contacted with the basic wall body and is a material with low heat conductivity, such as a polyurethane plate, an extruded sheet, glass wool, rubber and plastic and the like.
The right-angle fixing piece and the bolt nut are used for fixing the enclosure structure, and the right-angle fixing piece and the bolt nut are made of high-strength plastic materials, so that heat loss caused by the fact that the enclosure structure forms a local heat bridge can be avoided.
In summer, when the outdoor environment temperature is higher than the phase transition temperature of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is subjected to phase transition to be in an amorphous state and keeps a transparent state for solar radiation, solar incident light is subjected to light reflection on the surface of the solid-solid phase change material, most of the incident light is transmitted into the transparent solid-solid phase change material, a high-reflectivity film on the lower side of the solid-solid phase change material is exposed to the transmitted light and reflects the transmitted light into the outdoor environment, and absorption of the solar energy by the heat insulation layer is reduced, so that the radiation heat gain of the enclosure structure in summer is reduced, and the energy saving of an air conditioner in summer is facilitated.
In winter, because the outdoor air temperature is low, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material absorbs solar radiation under the action of solar radiation in daytime, but the temperature of the solid-solid phase change material is still lower than a phase change temperature point, so that the solid-solid phase change material does not undergo phase change and is in a crystalline state, and at the moment, the solid-solid phase change material is opaque to the solar radiation, so that a high-reflectivity film below the solid-solid phase change material layer is not exposed to the solar radiation, most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the phase change material and stored in the phase change material to play a role in transferring the peak load of the enclosure structure, and after the outdoor air temperature drops at night, the heat in the phase change material is released, so that the enclosure structure is insulated by utilizing solar energy, and the heating load of a building in winter is.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material in the solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive envelope structure is always in a solid state before and after phase change, does not need to be packaged, and overcomes the defects that the solid-liquid phase change material needs to be packaged, and the edge leakage, volatilization or corrosion exist.
2. Under the outdoor high-temperature condition in summer, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is in a transparent state, solar radiation is reflected to the outdoor environment by the high-reflectivity film after transmitting through the phase change material, the absorption of the heat insulation layer on the solar radiation is reduced, the heat gain of the enclosure structure is reduced, and the heat insulation effect of the enclosure structure is achieved.
3. Under the outdoor low temperature condition in winter, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is in an opaque state, most solar radiation is absorbed by the phase change material, and the heat stored by the phase change material can reduce the temperature fluctuation at the indoor side, reduce the heat loss, improve the thermal comfort of the indoor environment, simultaneously can transfer the peak load of the enclosure structure, and has the effect of insulating the enclosure structure.
4. The solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive envelope structure can simultaneously reduce the refrigeration load under the weather condition in summer and the heating load under the weather condition in winter in the room of the envelope structure through the change of the transparency of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material and the combination with the high-reflectivity film, solves the contradiction of realizing energy conservation simultaneously in the refrigeration in summer and the heating in winter, can realize the energy conservation of buildings all the year round, and does not need external energy supply in the process.
5. In structural design, the solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive envelope structure is simple in structure, can be directly fixed on a vertical wall surface or paved on a roof, and is easy to combine with the existing building envelope structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle under summer conditions.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the principle under winter conditions.
1. Variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 2, high reflectivity film 3, heat insulation layer
4. Right angle fixed piece 5, bolt and nut 6, solar incident light
7. Diffuse reflection 8, specular reflection 9, reflective film reflection
10. Transmitted light 11, heat conduction
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes: the solid-solid phase change material with variable transparency 1, the high-reflectivity membrane 2, the heat-insulating layer 3, the right-angle fixing piece 4 and the bolt and nut 5. The variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is arranged on the outermost side, the high-reflectivity membrane is arranged between the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material and the heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is arranged on the lowermost side, and the whole structure is fixed by a right-angle fixing piece, a bolt and a nut.
As shown in fig. 2, the right angle fixing piece is flush with the edge of the corner of the building envelope, and the two sides of the top of the four corners are fixed by bolts and nuts.
The working principle is as follows: as shown in fig. 3, in summer, the outdoor environment temperature is higher than the phase transition temperature value of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, and the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1 is in an amorphous state and remains transparent to sunlight. At this time, a part of solar incident light 6 enters an outdoor environment through the specular reflection 8 on the surface of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, a part of solar incident light 6 enters the outdoor environment through the diffuse reflection 7 on the surface of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, and a majority of solar incident light 6 is transmitted into the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1 to form transmitted light 10, at this time, the high-reflectivity film 2 on the lower side of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1 is exposed to the transmitted light 10, and the majority of the transmitted light 10 is reflected to the environment through the reflection action, as shown in the reflection film reflection 9, so that the absorption of the high-reflectivity film 2 on the solar incident light 6 is reduced, the heat conduction 11 of the high-reflectivity film 2 to the heat insulation layer 3 is reduced, and the purpose of heat insulation of the enclosure structure.
As shown in fig. 4, in winter, the outdoor ambient temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature value of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is in a crystalline state and remains opaque to solar radiation, and thus the high-reflectivity film 2 under the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1 fails to be exposed to the solar incident light 6. At this time, the incident solar light 6 irradiates on the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, wherein a part of the incident solar light 6 enters the outdoor environment through the surface specular reflection 8 of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, a part of the incident solar light 6 enters the outdoor environment through the surface diffuse reflection 7 of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, and most of the incident solar light 6 is absorbed by the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, so that the heat generated by the incident solar light is stored in the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1, and the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material 1 absorbs the heat to maintain the temperature stability of the enclosure structure due to the latent heat storage effect of the phase change material, thereby reducing the indoor heat loss caused by the heat conduction 11 and achieving the heat preservation effect of the enclosure structure.
Claims (5)
1. A solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive enclosure structure is structurally composed of a variable transparency solid-solid phase change material, a high-reflectivity film, a heat insulation layer, a right-angle fixing piece and bolts and nuts; the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material in the solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive enclosure structure is arranged on the outermost side, the high-reflectivity membrane is arranged between the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material and the heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is arranged on the inner side, and the whole structure is fixed by a right-angle fixing piece and a bolt nut; the solid-solid phase change material is in an opaque solid state before phase change and is in a transparent solid state after phase change; the high-reflectivity film is a film with high reflectivity to sunlight, such as an aluminum foil or a polyester film, and the high-reflectivity film is always opaque to solar radiation; the heat insulation layer is a polyurethane, extrusion molding and other types of heat insulation and heat preservation plates or a brick wall or a concrete wall; the right-angle fixing piece and the bolt and the nut are made of high-strength plastics, so that heat loss caused by a local heat bridge formed by the enclosure structure can be avoided.
2. The solid-solid phase change climate adaptive envelope according to claim 1, wherein the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material has a lower thermal conductivity and a higher phase change latent heat value, and the phase change temperature point of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material is selected from 20 ℃ to 35 ℃ according to climate characteristics of different regions.
3. The solid-solid phase change climate adaptive envelope structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the outdoor environment temperature is higher than the phase change temperature value of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material (1), the solid-solid phase change material (1) is in an amorphous state and remains transparent to solar radiation, the high reflectivity film (2) at the lower side of the solid-solid phase change material (1) is exposed to the solar incident light (6) and reflects the transmitted light (10) transmitted to the transparent solid-solid phase change material (1) to the outdoor environment, thereby reducing the heat gain of the heat insulation layer and achieving the heat insulation effect of the envelope structure.
4. The solid-solid phase change climate adaptive envelope according to claim 1, wherein when the outdoor environment temperature is lower than the phase change temperature value of the variable transparency solid-solid phase change material (1), the solid-solid phase change material (1) is in a crystalline state and remains opaque to solar radiation, the high reflectivity film (3) at the lower side of the solid-solid phase change material (1) is not exposed to the solar radiation (6), most of the solar radiation (6) is absorbed by the phase change material and stored in the phase change material, the envelope temperature is maintained, the indoor heat loss caused by heat conduction (11) is reduced, and the envelope heat preservation effect is achieved.
5. The solid-solid phase change climate adaptive envelope according to claim 1, wherein the right angle fixing piece (4) is flush with the edge of the corner of the envelope, the bolt and nut (5) is used to fix the corner at two sides of the vertex of the four corners, the right angle fixing piece and the bolt and nut are made of high strength plastic material, which can avoid heat loss caused by the formation of local heat bridge of the envelope.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010903855.0A CN111927198B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Solid-solid phase becomes self-adaptation envelope of weather |
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| CN202010903855.0A CN111927198B (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Solid-solid phase becomes self-adaptation envelope of weather |
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| CN111927198B CN111927198B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113374391A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 湖南大学 | Porous solid-solid phase change climate self-adaptive shutter |
| CN115164425A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Thermal diode wall based on thermochromic hydrogel and spectrally selective aerogel |
| CN115305060A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-08 | 浙江大学 | Double-phase transparent phase-change material and preparation method thereof |
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| KR200204044Y1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2000-11-15 | 한국에너지기술연구소 | Multipurpose insulation system which installed building envelopes for thermal gain and insulation |
| US20070133932A1 (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2007-06-14 | Kingsford Howard A | Light transmission |
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| CN115164425A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Thermal diode wall based on thermochromic hydrogel and spectrally selective aerogel |
| CN115305060A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-11-08 | 浙江大学 | Double-phase transparent phase-change material and preparation method thereof |
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