CN111926764A - Test device for simulating hydrology and water quality of slope protection structure - Google Patents
Test device for simulating hydrology and water quality of slope protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111926764A CN111926764A CN202010824614.7A CN202010824614A CN111926764A CN 111926764 A CN111926764 A CN 111926764A CN 202010824614 A CN202010824614 A CN 202010824614A CN 111926764 A CN111926764 A CN 111926764A
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for simulating hydrological water quality of a slope protection structure, which comprises a water supply tank, a rectifying tank, a test bin and a layered water collector, wherein the test bin is obliquely arranged, the rectifying tank is arranged at an inlet of the upper boundary of the test bin, an overflow weir is arranged at an outlet of the rectifying tank, the layered water collector is arranged at an outlet of the lower boundary of the test bin, the layered water collector comprises a water collection tank, a water-resisting layer, a surface layer water outlet pipe and an underground water outlet pipe, the water collection tank is communicated with the test bin, the water collection tank is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by the water-resisting layer, the surface layer water outlet pipe is communicated with the upper cavity in the water collection tank. The inflow adopts a rectifying tank with an overflow weir, the outflow adopts the design of layered water collection and the like, the inflow of water on a road and the surrounding environment is simulated through overflow, the change process of the quality and the quantity of the surface water and the groundwater is respectively monitored by utilizing the layered water collection, and the test effect of real simulation is achieved. The invention can be widely applied to the technical field of hydraulic engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a test device for simulating hydrology and water quality of a slope protection structure.
Background
Runoff pollution control is one of four control targets of sponge city construction, and ecological slope protection is the last defense line for surface runoff pollution to enter a river channel and is also an important space for realizing water quality purification of the river channel and an important channel for mutual permeation and replenishment of surface water and underground water. After rainwater runoff enters a slope protection structure, various physicochemical actions such as interception and detention of surface vegetation, infiltration and adsorption of soil, absorption and degradation of plant roots and the like are performed, so that matter energy conversion is generated, the process mechanism is very complex, and the simulation calculation of a system is difficult to perform by means of a mathematical model. The physical model test is the most effective scientific means for quantitatively evaluating the control effect of the ecological slope protection on the radial pollution, researching and testing the slope protection structure combination optimization problem, and the scientific rationality of the design of the physical model test device directly influences the success and failure of the scientific test and the reliability of the test result.
The ecological slope protection has the functions of controlling runoff pollution mainly based on the comprehensive functions of vegetation and root interception, degradation and absorption, soil and slope protection structure material infiltration and adsorption and the like. The hydrology water quality test device of simulation bank protection structure needs to possess functions such as runoff simulation monitoring, interlude bank protection structural test storehouse, lower boundary export flow monitoring and water sampling of bank protection upper boundary entry.
At present, research on hydrological and water quality simulation tests of slope protection structures at home and abroad is rare, slope protection test devices combining spray water supply and test bins are generally adopted in literature reports, similar research devices are similar to test devices related to sponge city measures such as permeable pavement test devices and rainwater garden tests, but the above test devices have certain limitations, for example, the mode of simulating rainwater runoff at the outer boundary and carrying pollutants to enter a test area by adopting a spray mode is different from the actual overflow entering mode, so that the water quantity, the spatial distribution of the pollutants and the concentration gradient field are different from the actual situation; the common device only adopts a unified outlet to collect water quantity or sample water quality at the boundary of the water outlet, surface water and underground water are not subdivided to carry out respective monitoring detection, and the monitoring result cannot distinguish the difference of different materials and boundary conditions in the hydrological water quality conversion process of the surface and the underground, so that the deep analysis of the research result is not favorable.
Therefore, a reasonable simulation device is researched and developed to achieve the effect of truly simulating the hydrology and water quality change process on the slope protection structure, and the simulation device has important significance for developing the slope protection structure and relevant scientific researches on rainwater runoff, retention and purification effects of pollutants carried by the rainwater runoff and the rainwater runoff.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the technical problems and achieve the effect of truly simulating the hydrology and water quality change process on the slope protection structure, the invention provides a test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the test device for simulating the hydrological water quality of the slope protection structure comprises a water supply tank, a rectifying tank, a test bin and a layered water collector, wherein the test bin is obliquely arranged, the rectifying tank is arranged at an inlet of the upper boundary of the test bin, an overflow weir is arranged at an outlet of the rectifying tank, the layered water collector is arranged at an outlet of the lower boundary of the test bin, the layered water collector comprises a water collection tank, a water-resisting layer, a surface water outlet pipe and a groundwater water outlet pipe, the water collection tank is communicated with the test bin, the water-resisting layer divides the water collection tank into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the surface water outlet pipe is communicated with the upper cavity in the water collection tank, and the groundwater water outlet pipe is communicated with the lower cavity in the water collection tank.
Further, the test bin comprises geotextile, plain soil layers, a geonet, plain soil layers, slope protection material layers, soil planting layers and slope protection vegetation which are arranged from bottom to top in a layered mode.
Further, at the outlet of the test chamber, the position of the soil planting layer is higher than the water-resisting layer.
Further, a soil moisture monitoring instrument is arranged in the test bin.
Furthermore, the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the water collecting tank are respectively provided with an inverted filter layer.
Furthermore, the inverted filter layer is filled with fine sand, coarse sand and stones in sequence along the water flow direction.
Further, the water barrier is funnel-shaped, and the top layer outlet pipe is arranged at the lowest position of the water barrier.
Further, the diapire of header tank is hourglass hopper-shaped, the groundwater outlet pipe is arranged the lowest position of header tank diapire.
Further, a pressurizing pump is arranged between the water supply tank and the rectifying tank.
Further, a flow meter is arranged between the water supply tank and the rectifying tank.
The embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: in the test device, inflow water adopts a rectifying tank with an overflow weir, outflow water adopts the design of layered water collection and the like, inflow water of a road and the surrounding environment is simulated through overflow inflow, the layered water collection is utilized to monitor the water quality and water quantity change process of surface water and underground water respectively, and the test device has the real simulated test effect. The invention can be widely applied to the technical field of hydraulic engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a side view of a test apparatus, in which arrows indicate the direction of water flow;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rectifying tank;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the layered water collector, in which arrows indicate the direction of water flow.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
The invention relates to a test device for simulating the hydrological water quality of a slope protection structure, which comprises a water supply tank 11, a rectifying tank 12, a test chamber 13 and a layered water collector, wherein the test chamber 13 is obliquely arranged, the rectifying tank 12 is arranged at the inlet of the upper boundary of the test chamber 13, and the layered water collector is arranged at the outlet of the lower boundary of the test chamber 13.
The rectifying tank 12 is connected to the water supply tank 11 through a water supply pipe, and in some embodiments, a pressurizing pump is disposed between the water supply tank 11 and the rectifying tank 12. In some embodiments, a flow meter is disposed between the water supply tank 11 and the rectifying tank 12. The test device utilizes a water supply system consisting of a water supply tank 11, a pressure pump, a water supply pipeline, an electromagnetic valve, a flowmeter, a PC controller and the like to deliver a water sample with required concentration to a rectifying tank 12.
Rectification buffering is realized by adopting the rectifying tank 12, an overflow weir 14 is arranged at the outlet of the rectifying tank 12, and the overflow weir 14 is of a thin-wall structure. The runoff enters the test chamber 13 in an overflow mode, surface runoff influx is simulated, and hydrological processes such as slope confluence, infiltration and groundwater confluence are naturally generated in the test chamber 13. Before the test is started, clear water is required to be injected to test the flow-adjusting groove 12, and whether the weir top of the overflow weir 14 is horizontal or not and whether the overflow is transversely uniform or not are tested. Through hydrological processes such as natural confluence, permeation and the like of the test chamber 13, surface runoff and subsurface runoff are respectively formed at the lower boundary of the test chamber 13 along with physical and chemical actions such as interception, filtration, adsorption, degradation and the like of substances.
The test device has optimized the mode of intaking, and the regional natural rainfall in the slope protection structure top and the pollutant total amount that carries are less relatively considered, and a large amount of rainfall runoff of slope protection structure and pollutant are mainly from catchment areas such as dykes and dams, peripheral road, get into slope protection structure through converging or overflow mode. Therefore, a rectification water tank and a natural overflow mode are adopted, and the process that natural rainwater runoff enters a slope protection test section is simulated more truly.
The test chamber 13 comprises geotextile, plain soil layers, a geotextile, plain soil layers, slope protection material layers, plant soil layers and slope protection vegetation which are arranged from bottom to top in a layered manner. For the water balance of assurance test, test 13 bottoms in storehouse and lateral wall all adopt waterproof design, have arranged soil moisture monitoring instrument in test 13, the soil moisture content before and after the monitoring test.
The exit of test storehouse 13 is optimized to the layered design, and the layering water collector includes header tank, water barrier 15, top layer outlet pipe 16 and groundwater outlet pipe 17, and header tank and test storehouse 13 intercommunication, two cavitys about water barrier 15 falls into the header tank are used for collecting surface water and groundwater respectively, collect surface water and groundwater that the experiment produced respectively through the layering water collector, realize surging surface water, the hydrology quality of groundwater is surveyd in step.
The surface layer water outlet pipe 16 is communicated with an upper cavity in the water collecting tank, the waterproof layer 15 is funnel-shaped, and the surface layer water outlet pipe 16 is arranged at the lowest position of the waterproof layer 15 to ensure smooth water drainage. The groundwater outlet pipe 17 communicates the lower part cavity in the header tank, and the diapire of header tank is hourglass hopper-shaped, and groundwater outlet pipe 17 arranges the extreme lower position at the header tank diapire, ensures that the drainage is smooth and easy.
At the outlet of the test chamber 13, the soil layer is planted at a position higher than the water barrier 15 so that the surface water flows to the cavity above the water barrier 15 in the water collection tank.
The rainwater runoff gets into behind the slope protection structure partly to flowing to low along the bank protection surface under the action of gravity, partly then passes through the material space of bank protection in the soil, soil etc. permeate forms the subsurface runoff in the soil, the pollutant that it carried also flows the dispersion to bank protection surface and soil along with the water, wherein the great suspended solid of granule is easily intercepted by bank protection surface vegetation, and soluble material (like phosphate etc.) is then absorbed partly by soil or plant roots in permeating to soil along with the surface runoff, consequently, when slope protection structure material, the vegetation type, condition runoff such as slope size is different, surface runoff and subsurface runoff have great difference in the aspect of water yield proportion, water quality concentration changes, need monitor the aassessment respectively. Therefore, the lower edge toe of the slope protection structure is provided with the water-resisting layer 15, and the purpose that the test device can monitor and collect surface water and underground water respectively is achieved by adopting a water collecting permeability system of the surface water and the underground water stratification.
In order to avoid the soil erosion at the outlet of the test bin 13, the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the water collecting tank are respectively provided with a reverse filtering layer, and the reverse filtering layers are sequentially filled with fine sand, coarse sand and stones along the water flow direction.
The design concept of the test device is as follows: the mode of rectifying groove 12 overflow is taken in the entry of experimental storehouse 13 and is intake, airtight water repellent is taken to experimental storehouse 13 bottom and lateral wall, ensure experimental water balance, the filterable water-collecting structure of layering is taken in the export of experimental storehouse 13, collect respectively from the surface water and the groundwater that experimental storehouse 13 flows, and monitoring water yield and quality of water, ensure that the true hydrology of slope protection structure is pressed close to as far as possible to the process of testing, the quality of water course of change, testing arrangement can distinguish surface water, the different hydrology quality of water course of groundwater, make experimental research can objectively reflect the slope protection structural actual hydrology quality of water change law.
The test device structurally divides a water supply system, a water distribution rectification system, a filler bin and a layered water collection system, realizes the functions of inflow rectification and surface runoff and underground water layered detection measurement and adoption of water outlet, has good support for respectively researching the surface preparation and the law of soil matrix on water pollutant purification, vertical permeation of runoff and the like, and is suitable for simulation tests of different slope protection materials.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a test device of simulation slope protection structure hydrology quality of water which characterized in that: including feed water tank (11), fairing groove (12), test storehouse (13) and layering water collector, test storehouse (13) slope is arranged, fairing groove (12) are arranged the entry on border on test storehouse (13), overflow weir (14) have been arranged in the export of fairing groove (12), layering water collector arranges the export on border under test storehouse (13), layering water collector includes header tank, water barrier (15), top layer outlet pipe (16) and groundwater outlet pipe (17), the header tank with test storehouse (13) intercommunication, water barrier (15) will two cavitys about the header tank falls into, top layer outlet pipe (16) intercommunication upper portion cavity in the header tank, groundwater outlet pipe (17) intercommunication lower part cavity in the header tank.
2. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: the test bin (13) comprises geotextile, plain soil layers, a geotextile, plain soil layers, slope protection material layers, plant soil layers and slope protection vegetation which are arranged from bottom to top in a layered mode.
3. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 2, wherein: at the outlet of the test chamber (13), the soil planting layer is higher than the water-resisting layer (15).
4. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: and a soil moisture monitoring instrument is arranged in the test bin (13).
5. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: and the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the water collecting tank are respectively provided with an inverted filter layer.
6. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 5, wherein: and the inverted filter layer is sequentially filled with fine sand, coarse sand and stones along the water flow direction.
7. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: the water-resisting layer (15) is funnel-shaped, and the surface layer water outlet pipe (16) is arranged at the lowest position of the water-resisting layer (15).
8. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: the diapire of header tank is hourglass hopper-shaped, groundwater outlet pipe (17) are arranged the lowest position of header tank diapire.
9. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: a pressure pump is arranged between the water supply tank (11) and the rectifying tank (12).
10. The test device for simulating the hydrology and water quality of the slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein: a flow meter is arranged between the water supply tank (11) and the rectifying tank (12).
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| CN202010824614.7A CN111926764A (en) | 2020-08-17 | 2020-08-17 | Test device for simulating hydrology and water quality of slope protection structure |
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| CN202010824614.7A CN111926764A (en) | 2020-08-17 | 2020-08-17 | Test device for simulating hydrology and water quality of slope protection structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113250034A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-13 | 华东师范大学 | Rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113250034A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-08-13 | 华东师范大学 | Rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device and method |
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