CN113250034A - Rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device and method - Google Patents
Rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device, which integrates permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and vertical flow type artificial wetland into a whole on the basis of near natural bank protection. And the device enhances the simulation effect by arranging the guide plate and the inserting structure. The invention can reduce the cost of ecological bank protection, combines the technologies of permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and artificial wetland, and can better remove pollutants compared with the traditional ecological bank protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of urban rainwater pollutant management, and relates to a step resistance control technology simulation device integrating permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and vertical flow type artificial wetland aiming at rainwater runoff pollution on the basis of original natural bank protection.
Background
The current urban population of China is about 6.3 hundred million people, and by 2020, if the national population reaches 14.5 hundred million people and the urbanization rate reaches 60%, the urban population is 8.7 hundred million people. The urbanization process inevitably leads to rapid accumulation and diffusion of large-scale people flow, material flow and energy flow in space, the pollution load is increased, and the urban water environment faces more serious challenges. In recent years, the water environment problem of urban watersheds is widely regarded, and the water quality of urban drinking water is important as an important factor influencing the safety of drinking water. With the development of the times, the water environment problem is more serious, and particularly the safety of drinking water is greatly threatened. Therefore, the water environment protection of the water source basin is very important, especially in urban areas with large population and large water demand.
The permeable pavement technology is widely applied to urban low-impact development (LID) measures, rainwater runoff pollutants can be well intercepted, and runoff is reduced; the ecological bank protection is the last barrier for preventing non-point source pollution from entering a river channel, various ecological bank protection technologies (vegetation concrete bank protection, gabion bank protection, ecological bag bank protection and the like) are developed more mature at present, and the ecological bank protection can play a role in beautifying the environment while blocking rainwater runoff pollution; the artificial wetland has a certain engineering case in the aspect of rainwater runoff interception, and research shows that rainwater runoff is concentrated and conveyed to the artificial wetland, so that the artificial wetland can reduce a certain pollution load. The combined ecological technology is also a common pollution interception measure at present, such as combining an ecological revetment with an artificial floating island, connecting a plurality of artificial wetlands in series and the like. In the water quality safety guarantee of water source areas and the interception and resistance control of rainwater runoff pollutants, no application report combining permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and artificial wetland technology exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects and effectively remove the rainwater runoff pollutants, the invention provides a rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device and a method thereof. And the device enhances the simulation effect by arranging the guide plate and the inserting structure. The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device which comprises a guide plate, a permeable pavement device, an ecological bank protection device and an artificial wetland device.
(1) A flow guide plate: in order to ensure that the simulated surface runoff is more real and uniform, the invention arranges a guide plate at the inlet of the device, the guide plate is fixed on an external support frame, the water distribution device sprays water on the guide plate, and the water flows down after being reflected for a certain degree on the guide plate, so that the runoff can form a scouring effect and more uniformly flows to the permeable pavement device, the runoff simulation is more real, the use efficiency of the permeable pavement unit is increased, and the integral treatment capacity of the device is further increased.
The guide plate is made of organic glass, and has a length of 420mm, a width of 300mm and a thickness of 2mm
(2) The permeable pavement device comprises: laying a permeable pavement surface layer, a permeable pavement graded gravel layer, a permeable pavement graded crushed stone layer, a permeable pavement base layer, a permeable pavement ceramsite layer, a geotechnical non-woven fabric, a soil base layer, a permeable pavement ceramsite layer and a geotechnical non-woven fabric from top to bottom.
The permeable pavement surface layer is composed of permeable bricks and is 60mm thick;
the permeable pavement graded sand gravel layer is formed by mixing coarse sand, medium sand and gravel according to the volume ratio of 1:1:2 and the thickness of 50 mm;
the permeable pavement graded crushed stone layer is composed of zeolite and is 90mm thick;
the permeable pavement base layer consists of aerated concrete fragments and ceramsite, and the mixing ratio is 1:1, and the thickness is 90 mm;
the permeable pavement ceramsite layer is composed of ceramsite and is 10mm thick;
the soil base layer is formed by stirring and mixing local soil and sand in a ratio of 5:1 and has the thickness of 190 mm;
the bottom of the permeable pavement device is provided with a sampling valve and a water collecting tank.
Permeable pavement device with integral height of 550mm, length of 400mm and width of 300mm
The device outer wall is equipped with to the device outside of mating formation of permeating water, and thickness is 10 mm.
(3) Ecological bank protection device: paving a soil base layer, a permeable pavement ceramsite layer and a geotechnical non-woven fabric from top to bottom; the top surface of the soil base layer and the horizontal plane form a slope, the slope angle A (12-30 degrees, can be set according to needs), soil is laid on the soil base layer in the ecological slope bank protection device, and bermuda grass and ryegrass are planted;
the soil base layer is formed by stirring and mixing local soil and sand in a ratio of 5: 1;
the layer of the permeable pavement ceramsite layer is 10mm thick and consists of ceramsite.
The ecological bank protection device bottom is equipped with two sample valves and two water catch bowl.
The short side of the ecological bank protection device is 310mm high, the long side is 550mm high, 750mm wide and 400mm long.
The outside of ecological bank protection device is equipped with the device outer wall, and thickness is 10 mm.
(4) The artificial wetland device comprises: in the vertical flow wetland device, an artificial wetland gravel layer, an artificial wetland ceramsite layer, a soil base layer, a permeable pavement ceramsite layer and a geotechnical non-woven fabric are paved from top to bottom; paving gravels, porcelain granules and soil, and planting typha and canna between the artificial wetland gravel layer and the artificial wetland ceramsite layer.
The thickness of the artificial wetland gravel layer is 50mm and consists of gravel;
the artificial wetland ceramsite layer is 50mm thick and consists of ceramsite;
the soil base layer is formed by stirring and mixing local soil and sand in a ratio of 5:1, and the thickness of the soil base layer is 100 mm;
the layer of the permeable pavement ceramsite layer is 10mm thick and consists of ceramsite;
the length of the artificial wetland device is 400mm, the width of the artificial wetland device is 300mm, and the height of the artificial wetland device is 310 mm.
The outer wall of the artificial wetland device is arranged outside the artificial wetland device, and the thickness of the artificial wetland device is 10 mm.
The bottom of the artificial wetland device is provided with a sampling valve and a water collecting tank.
The soil and the planted plants of the simulation device can be selected according to local actual conditions, and the simulation device adopts the soil and the plants of the golden water source land in Shanghai. Under the condition of simulating the rainwater runoff, each unit has the function of intercepting and purifying different pollutants in the rainwater runoff.
Preferably, the material used in the present invention has a particle size of: 5-8mm of ceramsite, 5-8mm of gravel, 4-8mm of zeolite, 5-8mm of coarse sand, 3-6mm of medium sand and 20-30mm of aerated concrete.
According to the adsorption and degradation effects of matrixes such as ceramsite, zeolite, sand and the like, plants, soil and microorganisms on pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, the pollutants in the rainwater runoff are removed.
Preferably, the specification of the sampling valve is one quarter internal thread of national standard, and the thread pitch is 1.5 mm;
preferably, the pore diameter of the seepage hole of the water collecting tank is designed to be 5 mm;
(5) draw and insert structure and movable baffle: in order to increase the adaptability of the device, the invention uses the extraction and insertion mechanism and the movable partition plate among the three devices, and the devices can be separated and combined according to the actual requirement to adapt to various conditions.
Preferably, the permeable pavement, the ecological bank protection and the artificial wetland simulator, all the plugging structures and the movable partition plates are made of organic glass materials;
further, based on the device, the invention also provides a rainwater runoff pollutant step control method integrating water permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and vertical flow type artificial wetland, and the rainwater runoff pollutant interception step control method comprises the following steps.
In fig. 1a, water is sprayed and distributed on a guide plate to form simulated runoff, and then the simulated runoff sequentially passes through a permeable paving device, an ecological bank protection device and an artificial wetland device, so that the pollutants are removed layer by layer under the action of a matrix and plants.
Firstly, in fig. 2 (permeable paving device), the rainwater runoff firstly passes through the permeable paving surface layer and then sequentially passes through the permeable paving graded gravel layer, the permeable paving base layer, the permeable paving ceramsite layer, the geotechnical non-woven fabric, the soil base layer, the bottom ceramsite layer and the geotechnical non-woven fabric.
In fig. 2, when the rainwater runoff water distribution passes through the permeable pavement device, a water sample flowing through the water collection tank of the whole permeable pavement device can be collected through the sampling valve, and the water purification function of the whole permeable pavement device is evaluated.
Secondly, under the condition that the rainwater runoff is more than 100mL/min, the rainwater continues to flow to the ecological bank protection device, in the graph of fig. 3, an angle A (12-30 degrees and can be set automatically according to requirements) is used for describing the gradient of the ecological bank protection, rainwater runoff flows into the soil base layer and the permeable pavement ceramsite layer from the plants above the soil base layer, and the lower part of the rainwater runoff is provided with geotechnical non-woven fabrics.
In fig. 3, when the rainwater runoff water distribution flows through the ecological bank protection device, the sewage of the plants planted on the soil foundation layer and the soil foundation layer is collected through the sampling valve, and the water purification function of the whole ecological bank protection device is evaluated.
If the rainwater runoff is less than 150mL/min, the rainwater can be treated in the permeable pavement device and the ecological bank protection device, flows into the artificial wetland device (figure 4) under the condition that the rainwater runoff is large enough, and in the artificial wetland device, rainwater runoff sequentially flows through the artificial wetland gravel layer, the artificial wetland ceramsite layer, the soil base layer, the permeable pavement ceramsite layer and the geotechnical non-woven fabric, and pollutants are gradually intercepted.
In fig. 4, when the rainwater runoff water distribution flows through the artificial wetland device, the rainwater runoff is collected through the sampling valve through the treatment of the artificial wetland plant (canna), the matrix and the soil, so that the removal rate of the whole integrated device to pollutants can be obtained, and the rainwater runoff purification rate of the artificial wetland device can be calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention integrates the permeable pavement, the ecological bank protection and the vertical flow type artificial wetland integrated step resistance control technology, designs a simulation device, can couple the removal capacities of the permeable pavement, the ecological bank protection and the artificial wetland to pollutants on the basis of a single mature permeable pavement technology, an ecological bank protection technology and an artificial wetland technology to form a step resistance control technology, and can utilize the layer-by-layer interception function of the permeable pavement, the ecological bank protection and the artificial wetland to the pollutants on the basis of the principle close to nature, thereby achieving the effect of step resistance control on the rainwater runoff.
On this basis, the baffle that can adjust and the baffle that can take out to insert make the device have stronger adaptability, can adjust the analogue means according to the condition, avoided the dismouting of relapseing of device, also do benefit to the later stage optimization of simulation experiment.
The invention can reduce the cost of ecological bank protection, combines the technologies of permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and artificial wetland, and can play a better role in removing pollutants compared with the traditional ecological bank protection; and the structure is simple, the adjustment is flexible, the adaptability is strong, the cost is low, and the method is easy to be popularized to engineering application. On the basis of near-natural revetment, a cascade resistance control technology combined simulation device integrating permeable pavement, ecological revetment and vertical flow type artificial wetland is provided. The removal effect of the matrix, soil, plants and microorganisms in the single permeable pavement technical device, the ecological bank protection technical device and the vertical flow type artificial wetland is coupled to the removal effect of the pollutants, so that the removal rate of the rainwater runoff pollutants is increased, and the pollution to natural water is reduced. And the device enhances the simulation effect by arranging the guide plate and the inserting structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1a-1c are three views of the integrated device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the water permeable paving apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the ecological bank protection device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the constructed wetland device of the present invention.
In FIGS. 1 a-4:
1. a baffle; 2. a permeable pavement surface layer; 3. paving a graded gravel layer in a water-permeable way; 4. paving the graded crushed stone layer in a water-permeable way; 5. a permeable pavement base layer; 6. paving the ceramsite layer in a water-permeable way; 7. a soil base layer; 8. artificial wetland gravel layers; 9. artificial wetland ceramsite layer; 10. a sampling valve; 11. a water collection tank; 12. an outer wall of the device; 13. the inserting structure and the movable clapboard 14 are made of geotextile; 15. a water permeable paving device; 16. an ecological bank protection device; 17. provided is an artificial wetland device.
Fig. 5-1 shows the change of the pollutant removal rate of the permeable pavement device in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5-2 shows the change of the pollutant removal rate of the ecological bank protection device in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Fig. 5-3 show the change of the pollutant removal rate of the constructed wetland device in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Fig. 6-1 shows the change of the pollutant removal rate of the permeable pavement device in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6-2 shows the change of the pollutant removal rate of the ecological bank protection device in the embodiment 2 of the invention.
Fig. 6-3 show the change of the pollutant removal rate of the constructed wetland device in the embodiment 2 of the invention.
Fig. 7-1 shows the change of the pollutant removal rate of the permeable pavement device in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 7-2 shows the change of the pollutant removal rate of the ecological bank protection device in the embodiment 3 of the invention.
Fig. 7-3 show the change of the pollutant removal rate of the constructed wetland device in the embodiment 3 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
According to the device diagram, the filling matrix and the planted plants are selected, the rainwater runoff water distribution flow and concentration are adjusted by combining field investigation and literature investigation, and the pollutant removal capacity of the integrated rainwater runoff cascade control technology device is experimentally detected.
Example 1
According to literature research and on-site research, according to rainfall intensity, the rainfall runoff flow of the device is designed to be 150mL/min, the slope A of the 16 part of the ecological bank protection device is 15 degrees, and low water distribution concentration parameters are designed as follows:
TABLE 1-1 Low Water concentration parameters
The invention uses peristaltic pump (model: ringer BT 100-2J; flow rate range: 0-180mL/min), all the substrate materials are washed for 3 times by tap water, and are dried for standby. The rainfall duration is designed to be 30 hours, the initial rainwater runoff time is designed to be 15min, sampling is carried out once every 5min within the first 15min after the device is stable in water outlet, and sampling is carried out once every 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h after 15 min.
The pollutant interception experiment process of the invention is as follows:
in fig. 2, when the rainwater runoff water distribution passes through the water permeable pavement device 15, the sampling valve 10 can collect the water sample flowing through the water collecting tank 11 of the whole water permeable pavement device 15, and the water purification function of the whole water permeable pavement device 15 is evaluated.
In fig. 3, when the rainwater runoff distribution water flows through the ecological bank protection device 16, the sewage passing through the soil base 7 and the plant layer is collected by the sampling valve 10, and the water purification function of the whole ecological bank protection device 16 is evaluated.
In fig. 4, when the rainwater runoff water flows through the artificial wetland device 17, the rainwater runoff is collected through the sampling valve 10 by the treatment of the artificial wetland plant (canna), the matrix and the soil, so that the removal rate of the whole integrated device to the pollutants can be obtained, and the rainwater runoff purification rate of the artificial wetland device 17 can be calculated.
The data from the sampling is shown in fig. 5-1, 5-2, 5-3.
TABLE 1-2 Water quality index analysis method
According to the results of fig. 5-1 to 5-3, the removal rate of the water permeable paving device 15 on each pollutant can reach about 80-90%, the removal rate of the ecological bank protection device 16 on each pollutant can reach more than 80%, the removal rate of the artificial wetland device 17 on each pollutant can also reach about 80%, and the removal rate of the whole device on the pollutants can reach more than 90%, so that the pollutants can be effectively intercepted.
Example 2
According to literature research and on-site research, according to rainfall intensity, the rainfall runoff flow of the device is designed to be 150mL/min, the slope A of the ecological bank protection device 16 is 15 degrees, and low water distribution concentration parameters are designed as follows:
TABLE 2-1 Water distribution concentration parameter
The invention uses a peristaltic pump (model: BT100-2J, flow rate range: 0-180mL/min), all the matrix materials are washed for a plurality of times by tap water and dried for standby. The rainfall duration is designed to be 30 hours, the initial rainwater runoff time is designed to be 15min, sampling is carried out once every 5min within the first 15min after the device is stable in water outlet, and sampling is carried out once every 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h after 15 min.
The pollutant interception experiment process of the invention is as follows:
in fig. 2, when the rainwater runoff water distribution passes through the permeable pavement device 15, the sampling valve 10 can collect the water sample flowing through the water collecting tank 11 of the whole permeable pavement system, and the water purification function of the whole permeable pavement device 15 is evaluated.
In fig. 3, when the rainwater runoff distribution water flows through the ecological bank protection device 16, the sewage passing through the soil base 7 and the plant layer is collected by the sampling valve 10, and the water purification function of the whole ecological bank protection device 16 is evaluated.
In fig. 4, when the rainwater runoff water distribution flows through the artificial wetland device 17, the rainwater runoff is collected through the sampling valve 10 after the artificial wetland plant (canna), the matrix and the soil are treated, so that the removal rate of the whole integrated device to pollutants can be obtained, and the rainwater runoff purification rate of the artificial wetland part can be calculated. The data from the sampling is shown in fig. 6-1, 6-2, 6-3.
TABLE 2-2 Water quality index analysis method
According to the results of fig. 6-1 to 6-3, under the condition that the original concentration of the pollutants is relatively high, the removal rate of each pollutant by the permeable pavement device 15, the ecological bank protection device 16 and the artificial wetland device 17 can still reach about 80%, and the removal rate of the whole device to the pollutants is over 90%, so that the pollutants can be effectively intercepted.
Embodiment 3
According to literature research and on-site research, according to rainfall intensity, the design device has the runoff flow of 300mL/min, the ecological bank protection device 16 has the gradient A of 15 degrees, and low water distribution concentration parameters are designed as follows:
TABLE 3-1 Low Water concentration parameters
The invention uses a peristaltic pump (model: BT100-2J, flow rate range: 0-180mL/min), all the matrix materials are washed for a plurality of times by tap water and dried for standby. The rainfall duration is designed to be 30 hours, the initial rainwater runoff time is designed to be 15min, sampling is carried out once every 5min within the first 15min after the device is stable in water outlet, and sampling is carried out once every 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 4h, 8h and 12h after 15 min.
The pollutant interception experiment process of the invention is as follows:
in fig. 2, when the rainwater runoff water distribution passes through the water permeable pavement device 15, the sampling valve 10 can collect the water sample flowing through the water collecting tank 11 of the whole water permeable pavement device 15, and the water purification function of the whole water permeable pavement device 15 is evaluated.
In fig. 3, when the rainwater runoff distribution water flows through the ecological bank protection device 16, the sewage passing through the soil base 7 and the plant layer is collected by the sampling valve 10, and the water purification function of the whole ecological bank protection device 16 is evaluated.
In fig. 4, when the rainwater runoff water flows through the artificial wetland device 17, the rainwater runoff is collected through the sampling valve 10 by the treatment of the artificial wetland plant (canna), the matrix and the soil, so that the removal rate of the whole integrated device to the pollutants can be obtained, and the rainwater runoff purification rate of the artificial wetland device 17 can be calculated. The data from the sampling is shown in fig. 7-1, 7-2, 7-3.
TABLE 3-2 Water quality index analysis method
According to the results of fig. 7-1 to 7-3, under the condition of increasing the flow rate, the removal rate of each pollutant by the permeable pavement device 15, the ecological bank protection device 16 and the artificial wetland device 17 can still reach about 80%, and the removal rate of the whole device to the pollutants is more than 90%, so that the pollutants can be effectively intercepted.
In conclusion, according to the results of various implementation cases, the device disclosed by the invention can play a good role in intercepting the rainwater runoff pollution, the removal effect can reach more than 80% under the regulation and control of various slopes, concentrations and other conditions, the used matrix and the like are low in price and easy to obtain, and the device can be applied to the rainwater runoff interception of different bank protection conditions. Compared with the prior hard revetment and various single ecological revetments, the device disclosed by the invention combines the permeable pavement, the ecological revetments and the artificial wetland together to form a step control technology, can play a better role in intercepting rainwater runoff, is low in manufacturing cost and is easy to popularize and apply.
The water collecting tank 11 and the device outer wall 12 are integrally formed organic glass plates, and the drawing and inserting structure and the movable partition plate 13 are drawing and inserting structures.
For the simulated permeable pavement facility, the inserting structure and the movable partition plate 13 can be inserted into the groove, so that the permeable pavement device 15 can be independently used.
For simulating ecological revetment facilities, the inserting and pulling structures and the movable partition plates 13 on the two sides of the ecological revetment device 16 can be inserted into the grooves, so that the ecological revetment device 16 can be independently used.
For the artificial wetland simulation facility, the two plugging structures and the movable partition plate 13 can be pulled out, so that the device units are communicated to form a large artificial wetland simulation device.
For the combined simulation facilities of permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and artificial wetland, different units can be combined according to the drawing and inserting structure and the movable partition plate 13.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (10)
1. A rainwater runoff step resistance control technology simulation device is characterized by comprising a guide plate (1), a permeable pavement device (15), an ecological bank protection device (16) and an artificial wetland device (17);
the guide plate (1) is arranged at the inlet and fixed on the external support frame;
the permeable pavement device (15) is used for paving a permeable pavement surface layer (2), a permeable pavement graded gravel layer (3), a permeable pavement graded gravel layer (4), a permeable pavement base layer (5), a permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6), a geotechnical non-woven fabric (14), a soil base layer (7), a permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) and a geotechnical non-woven fabric (14) from top to bottom;
the ecological bank protection device (16) is paved with a soil base layer (7), a permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) and a geotechnical non-woven fabric (14) from top to bottom;
the artificial wetland device (17) is paved with an artificial wetland gravel layer (8), an artificial wetland ceramsite layer (9), a soil foundation layer (7), a permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) and a geotechnical non-woven fabric (14) from top to bottom.
2. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the deflector (1) is made of plexiglass and has the dimensions of 420mm long, 300mm wide and 2mm thick.
3. Simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the water permeable pavement means (15),
the whole height is 550mm, the length is 400mm, the width is 300mm, and the bottom is provided with a sampling valve (10) and a water collecting tank (11);
the permeable pavement surface layer (2) is 60mm thick and consists of permeable bricks;
the permeable pavement graded sand gravel layer (3) is 50mm thick and is formed by mixing coarse sand, medium sand and gravel in a volume ratio of 1:1: 2;
the permeable pavement graded broken stone layer (4) is 90mm thick and consists of zeolite;
the permeable pavement base layer (5) is 90mm thick and is formed by mixing aerated concrete fragments and ceramsite according to the volume ratio of 1: 1;
the permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) is 10mm thick and consists of ceramsite;
the soil base layer (7) is 190mm thick and is formed by stirring and mixing local soil and sand in a ratio of 5: 1.
4. The simulation installation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the ecological bank protection installation (16), the top surface of the soil base layer (7) forms a slope with the horizontal plane, the slope angle a being 12 ° to 30 °;
the short side of the ecological bank protection device (16) is 310mm high, the long side is 550mm high, the width is 750mm, and the length is 400 mm;
the soil base layer (7) is formed by stirring and mixing local soil and sand in a ratio of 5:1, and planting bermuda grass and ryegrass;
the permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) is 10mm thick and consists of ceramsite;
the bottom of the ecological bank protection device (16) is provided with two sampling valves (10) and two water collecting tanks (11).
5. The simulation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the artificial wetland device (17),
the whole is 400mm long, 300mm wide and 310mm high;
the thickness of the artificial wetland gravel layer (8) is 50mm, and the artificial wetland gravel layer is composed of gravel;
the artificial wetland ceramsite layer (9) is 50mm thick and consists of ceramsite;
cattail and canna are planted between the artificial wetland gravel layer (8) and the artificial wetland ceramsite layer (9);
the soil base layer (7) is 100mm thick and is formed by stirring and mixing local soil and sand in a ratio of 5: 1;
the permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) is 10mm thick and consists of ceramsite;
the bottom of the artificial wetland device (17) is provided with a sampling valve (10) and a water collecting tank (11).
6. The simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that the sampling valve (10) is a quarter internal thread of national standard with a pitch of 1.5 mm; the pore diameter of the water seepage hole of the water collecting tank (11) is designed to be 5 mm.
7. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the water permeable pavement device (15), the ecological bank protection device (16) and the artificial wetland device (17) are externally provided with outer device walls (12), and the outer wall thickness of the outer device walls is 10 mm.
8. The simulation apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ceramsite is 5-8mm, the gravel is 5-8mm, the zeolite is 4-8mm, the coarse sand is 5-8mm, the medium sand is 3-6mm, and the aerated concrete is 20-30 mm.
9. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein a plug-in structure and a movable partition plate (13) are used among the three devices of the permeable pavement device (15), the ecological bank protection device (16) and the artificial wetland device (17), and the plug-in structure and the movable partition plate (13) are made of organic glass materials.
10. A rainwater runoff pollutant cascade control method integrating water permeable pavement, ecological bank protection and vertical flow type constructed wetland, which is characterized in that the rainwater runoff cascade control technology simulation device of any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: spraying water to the guide plate (1) to form simulated runoff, and then passing through the permeable pavement device (15), the permeable pavement surface layer (2), the permeable pavement graded gravel layer (3), the permeable pavement graded crushed stone layer (4), the permeable pavement base layer (5), the permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6), the geotechnical non-woven fabric (14), the soil base layer (7), the bottom ceramsite layer (6) and the geotechnical non-woven fabric (14) in sequence; collecting a water sample flowing through a water collecting tank (11) of the whole permeable pavement device (15) through a sampling valve (10), and evaluating the water purification function of the whole permeable pavement device (15);
step 2: under the condition that the runoff of the rainwater is more than 100mL/min, the rainwater continues to flow to the ecological bank protection device (16), and the rainwater runoff flows into the soil base layer (7), the permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) and the geotechnical non-woven fabric (14) from the plants above the soil base layer (7); collecting sewage passing through the soil base layer (7) and plants planted on the soil base layer through a sampling valve (10), and evaluating the water purification function of the whole ecological bank protection device (16);
and step 3: if the rainwater runoff is less than 150mL/min, the rainwater can be treated in the permeable pavement device (15) and the ecological bank protection device (16), flows into the artificial wetland device (17) under the condition that the rainwater runoff is more than 150mL/min, and in the artificial wetland device (17), rainwater runoff sequentially flows through the artificial wetland gravel layer (8), the artificial wetland ceramsite layer (9), the soil foundation layer (7), the permeable pavement ceramsite layer (6) and the geotechnical non-woven fabric (14); the rainwater runoff is collected through the sampling valve (10), the removal rate of the whole integrated device to pollutants can be obtained, and then the rainwater runoff purification rate of the artificial wetland device (17) is calculated.
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