CN111924838A - 一种高硫石油焦的生物脱硫工艺 - Google Patents
一种高硫石油焦的生物脱硫工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高硫石油焦(硫含量>5%)的生物脱硫工艺,本发明通过对石油焦进行预处理,加入一定比例脱硫菌液进行脱硫,从而实现降低石油焦中有机硫含量,达到环境保护之目的。主要包括以下步骤:(1)将石油焦放入反应釜,加入浓硝酸溶液,混匀,反应12‑24小时;(2)将反应釜内的石油焦进行冲洗,过滤烘干,在25‑30℃温度下,加入脱硫菌液搅拌反应7‑10天;(3)将反应釜内的石油焦水洗,抽滤后烘干即得脱硫石油焦。本发明的高硫石油焦生物脱硫方法能较好的脱除有机硫,脱硫条件温和,成本低,有利于石油焦的再利用,市场前景较好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油焦加工技术领域,具体设计一种高硫石油焦的生物脱硫工艺。
背景技术
石油焦(petroleum coke)是重质油热裂的过程转化而形成的副产品,与其他碳原料相比,结构有序,结晶化程度高,多为碳氢化合物,可以称作是石墨化的炭素形态,也称焦炭。由于它与其他物质如煤相比,热值高,可以用来做燃料,也可以用来生产电极或其他工业产品的原料。石油焦做燃料需参考灰分、挥发分、热值等。如果用作电极,除了参考以上指标外,还需要重点参考电阻率、孔隙率、热膨胀系数等指标。其中硫含量是评价石油焦质量的重要指标之一。
生物法脱硫作用条件温和,清洁环保,成本低,无不良副反应,很有前景。是基于细菌潜力的脱硫技术。生物脱硫方法出现至今不过几十年时间,现在仍在不断研究。近三十年来已经取得了很多有效成果。
目前石油焦脱硫过程中存在的问题如下:
(1)石油焦中的硫结构单元目前仍不能通过技术手段了解清楚,给脱硫的针对性带来一定难度;
(2)难以筛选到脱硫效率高的菌种;
(3)脱硫时间长,效率低,限制其工业化脱硫的进程;
(4)目前还未找到高效的传质方法,增大反应接触面积;
目前世界正在走向清洁环保之路,克服了以上种种困难后的生物脱硫法会因作用温和,低污染的特点在不久的未来成为世界的主流。在现阶段,可以不断改进生产工艺,改善传质状况,改进菌的脱硫效率,要想达到好的效果,还需将生物脱硫工艺与化学工艺、分子生物学及现有精炼操作方法相结合。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种高硫石油焦的生物脱硫工艺,该工艺对设备要求低,脱硫效率高。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种高硫石油焦(含硫>5%)的生物脱硫工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)取适量石油焦粉碎,粒度小于0.25mm;
(2)将(1)步骤所得石油焦置于反应釜中,加入浓硝酸溶液,混匀,室温下反应12-24小时;
(3)将反应后的石油焦用清水冲洗至pH=7,过滤后烘干;
(4)在25-30℃下,加入菌液A和脱硫培养液,按比例加入步骤(3)获得的石油焦,混匀,搅拌反应7-10天;
(5)将反应釜内的石油焦水洗,抽滤后烘干即得脱硫石油焦。
所述步骤(2)中的石油焦与加入的浓硝酸的比例为固液比为1/20。
所述步骤(4)中菌液A的培养方法为:将保藏的微生物菌株接种到灭菌处理的脱硫培养基,在30℃下培育1-3天,得菌液A。
所述步骤(4)的石油焦与菌液A混合添加比例为1g/20ml。
有机硫脱除原理
石油焦中有机硫以噻吩为主,噻吩在微生物的酶的氧化作用和自身提供的能量下,噻吩中的硫失去2个电子与氧双键连接,变成二苯并噻吩-亚砜;再失去2个电子与氧连接被氧化成+6价硫,为二苯并噻吩-砜;然后微生物的另一种酶断掉噻吩环上C-S键,这样硫以次硫酸根的形式连接在苯环上,生成物质2-羟基联苯基-2-亚磺酸盐;次硫酸根本身极不稳定,可能再经微生物中的特殊酶将硫元素以硫酸盐的形式释放出来。最终形成2-羟基联苯和硫酸盐,从而实现有机硫的脱除。
浓硝酸预处理法能利用其强氧化性破坏石油焦的外部结构使脱硫更加完全高效。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的微生物脱硫工艺,通过工艺的优化,对设备要求低,且无需将石油焦进行粉碎也能达到很好的效果,简化脱硫步骤。
本发明的微生物菌液容易获得,经过优化培养,脱硫率较高,能提高石油焦的利用价值,利于其再利用。
附图说明
图1:脱硫菌在两种不同碳源培养基下的生长情况(培养基1:以葡萄糖为碳源;培养基2:以蔗糖为碳源);
图2:白腐真菌显微镜(放大40×10倍)照片。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种高硫石油焦的生物脱硫工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)取适量石油焦粉碎,粒度小于0.25mm;
(2)将(1)步骤所得石油焦置于反应釜中,加入浓硝酸溶液,混匀,室温下反应12-24小时;
(3)将反应后的石油焦用清水冲洗至pH=7,过滤后烘干;
(4)在25-30℃下,加入菌液A和脱硫培养液,按比例加入步骤(3)获得的石油焦,混匀,搅拌反应7-14天;
(5)将反应釜内的石油焦水洗,抽滤后烘干即得脱硫石油焦。
所述步骤(2)中的石油焦与加入的浓硝酸的比例为固液比为1/20。
所述步骤(4)中菌液A的培养方法为:将保藏的戈登式菌菌株接种到灭菌处理的脱硫培养基,在30℃下培育1天,得菌液A。
所述步骤(4)的石油焦与菌液A混合添加比例为1g/20ml。
所述菌液A的培养方法中,所述培养基由以下原料按重量份组成:
(1) 保藏培养基(LB培养基[液体]):胰蛋白陈:10g,酵母粉:5g, NaCI:l0g、无菌水1000m1, pH 7.0;
(2) 脱硫培养基1(BSM):葡萄糖10g,NH4C1 2g, KH2PO4 2.44g,Na2HPO4 5.57g,MgC120.2g, CaC12 0.04g, FeC13·7H2O 0.04g, MnC12·4H2O 0.008g, ZnC12 0.00lg,CoC12·6H2O 0.004g,A1C13.6H2O 0.00lg,CuC12·2H2O 0.00lg, H3BO3 0.00lg,NaMoO4·2H2O0.00lg,无菌水1000 ml,pH 7.0。
经检测,石油焦样品的脱硫率约为31%。
脱硫培养基选择:将脱硫菌在两种培养基下培养,测定其菌种生长曲线如图1。
硝酸预处理后脱硫率结果如表1。
石油焦在微生物脱硫前,选择硝酸进行预处理,然后加入脱硫菌进行脱硫试验,其结果见表1;
表1硝酸预处理法结果
实施例2:
一种高硫石油焦的生物脱硫工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)取适量石油焦粉碎,粒度小于0.25mm;
(2)将(1)步骤所得石油焦置于反应釜中,加入浓硝酸溶液,混匀,室温下反应12-24小时;
(3)将反应后的石油焦用清水冲洗至pH=7,过滤后烘干;
(4)在25-30℃下,加入菌液A和脱硫培养液,按比例加入步骤(3)获得的石油焦,混匀,搅拌反应7天;
(5)将反应釜内的石油焦水洗,抽滤后烘干即得脱硫石油焦。
所述步骤(2)中的石油焦与加入的浓硝酸的比例为固液比为1/20。
所述步骤(4)中菌液A的培养方法为:将保藏的白腐真菌菌株接种到灭菌处理的脱硫培养基,在30℃下培育2天,得菌液A。
所述步骤(4)的石油焦与菌液A混合添加比例为1g/20ml。
所述菌液A的培养方法中,所述培养基由以下原料按重量份组成:
(1) 保藏培养基(PDA培养基[液体]):土豆200g,葡萄糖20g,水1000mL,pH值自然;
(2) 脱硫培养基2:葡萄糖 10g,谷氨酸钠 2g,NaNO3 3g,K2HPO4 2g,MgSO4•7H2O 0.5g,KCl 0. 5g,去离子水1000mL, pH自然。
经检测,石油焦样品的脱硫率约为38 %;
实施例3:
一种高硫石油焦的生物脱硫工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)取适量石油焦粉碎,粒度小于0.25mm;
(2)将(1)步骤所得石油焦置于反应釜中,加入浓硝酸溶液,混匀,室温下反应12-24小时;
(3)将反应后的石油焦用清水冲洗至pH=7,过滤后烘干;
(4)在25-30℃下,加入菌液A和脱硫培养液,按比例加入步骤(3)获得的石油焦,混匀,搅拌反应7天;
(5)将反应釜内的石油焦水洗,抽滤后烘干即得脱硫石油焦。
所述步骤(2)中的石油焦与加入的浓硝酸的比例为固液比为1/20。
所述步骤(4)中菌液A的培养方法为:将保藏的云芝菌菌株接种到灭菌处理的脱硫培养基,在30℃下培育2天,得菌液A。
所述步骤(4)的石油焦与菌液A混合添加比例为1g/20ml。
所述菌液A的培养方法中,所述培养基由以下原料按重量份组成:
(1) 保藏培养基(PDA培养基[液体]):土豆200g,葡萄糖20g,水1000mL,pH值自然。
(2) 脱硫培养基2:葡萄糖 10g,谷氨酸钠 2g,NaNO3 3g,K2HPO4 2g,MgSO4•7H2O 0.5g,KCl 0. 5g,去离子水1000mL, pH自然。
经检测,石油焦样品的脱硫率约为35 %。
Claims (4)
1.一种高硫石油焦(含硫>5%)的生物脱硫工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)取适量石油焦粉碎,粒度小于0.25mm;
(2)将(1)步骤所得石油焦置于反应釜中,加入浓硝酸溶液,混匀,室温下反应12-24小时;
(3)将反应后的石油焦用清水冲洗至pH=7,过滤后烘干;
(4)在25-30℃下,加入菌液A和脱硫培养液,按比例加入步骤(3)获得的石油焦,混匀,搅拌反应7-10天;
(5)将反应釜内的石油焦水洗,抽滤后烘干即得脱硫石油焦。
2.所述步骤(2)中的石油焦与加入的浓硝酸的比例为固液比为1/10。
3.所述步骤(4)中菌液A的培养方法为:将保藏的微生物菌株接种到灭菌处理的脱硫培养基,在30℃下培育1-3天,得菌液A。
4.所述步骤(4)的石油焦与菌液A混合添加比例为1g/20ml。
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