CN111921118A - 转运舱负压净化系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种转运舱负压净化系统,包括转运舱主体,分别设置在转运舱主体进风口的进风口和出风口的进风口HEPA过滤器和出风口HEPA过滤器以及风机,其特征在于,还包括用于检测和控制风机运行的风机压力传感器和风机检测控制模块以及用于检测进风口HEPA过滤器和出风口HEPA过滤器的两个HEPA过滤器压力传感器,风机压力传感器用于检测舱内外压力,风机检测控制模块根据舱内外压差调节风机转速,从而实现‑20Pa~‑30Pa的负压控制目标;两个HEPA过滤器压力传感器分别用于检测两个HEPA过滤器前后的压力。本发明的净化系统更加高效节能且舒适,可保证在运输过程中有效隔离患者,保护医护人员,防止传染源扩散。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及传染疾病患者转运,在运输过程中有效隔离患者,保护医护人员,防止传染源扩散,属于 一种用于负压净化系统。
背景技术
SARS、H5N1、甲型H1N1流感和COVID-19等疫情,很多感染是通过飞沫传播的[1],人咳嗽可产生 数千个粒子,打喷嚏时可产生数十万个粒子[2],病毒既存在大的生物颗粒上也存在较小的生物颗粒上,加 强空气通风与呼吸道、黏膜等防护十分重要[3]。
疫情发生时,需要将疑似或确诊烈性呼吸道传染病感染病员转运至定点救治医院。如果使用传统的救 护车运送呼吸道传染病病员,病毒排放源在这种封闭或半封闭的区域很难被稀释,浓度很高,随车人员在 救护车转运发热患者过程中近距离接触患者,没有完整的设施,严格的防护,很容易被感染[4],且由病员 的呼吸等生理活动产生的传染性生物因子可通过病员室的窗、门等缝隙扩散至外界环境,容易造成对周围 环境的污染及对公众的危害[5]。
因此在转运过程中,需要特殊的隔离措施以保证环境和人员的安全,防止病原微生物继续扩散。近年 来,负压隔离转运越来越受到各国重视,并已被证实是行之有效的控制传染病扩散的手段[6]。负压隔离的 主要设计目标是在感染患者周围的环境中实现并保持足够水平的空气传播感染防护,就是将空气传播感染 物质包含在这种环境中,这样可以最大程度地降低对其他人和对医护人员的暴露威胁[7],给医护人员一个 比较安全的工作环境,稳定心理,提高工作效率。负压隔离设施使用后同时简化了复杂的消毒程序,降低了交 叉感染的危险性[8]。
早在1977年,就有负压塑料隔离器用于马尔堡、埃博拉等病毒感染的患者,隔离器已被证明对患者 舒适且可以接受,并且为护理人员和医护人员提供了高度的保护[6]。此后人们研究了各种负压隔离设施, 负压隔离转运担架、移动式负压隔离转运间、负压隔离转运轮椅、负压救护车、长距离负压隔离转运装备 等。其中负压隔离转运担架作为一种较为成熟的负压隔离转运装备,中国、美国、以色列、捷克、意大利 [9]等国家均有多型产品在近年来的疫情防控中发挥了作用。
负压隔离转运担架整体隔离病员,但也带来一些其他问题:被隔离病员处于狭小空间内,活动自由度 小,可能造成较大的生理和心理负担,给询问、观察、简单处理等转运伴随诊疗带来不便;尺寸较大,不 便通过民用电梯甚至楼梯间;另外,长时间转运时病员呕吐、排泄物的处理也是一个棘手的问题[10]。
参考文献:
[1]Seto WH,Tsang D,Yung RWH,等.Effectiveness of precautions againstdroplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acuterespiratory syndrome(SARS)[J].Elsevier Ltd.,2003,361(9368): 1519-1520.
[2]嵇赟喆.传染性隔离病房的气流组织与负压控制数值研究[D].:天津大学,2005.
[3]徐潜,范钦颖,段宁,等.SARS专病医院ICU病区空气传播途径的研究[C]//中华医院管理学会第十届 全国医院感染管理学术年会论文汇编:2003:510.
[4]郑芳,林伟茹,钟文慧.甲型H1N1流感流行初期120救护车的感染管理[J].当代护士(学术版),2010, (11):92-93.
[5]原静民,任徽,孙妍,等.2019新型冠状病毒传播途径分析与思考[J].西安交通大学学报(医学版), 2020:1-9.
[6]Trexler P-C,Emond R-T,Evans B.Negative-pressure plastic isolatorfor patients with dangerous infections.[J].British Medical Journal PublishingGroup,1977,2(6086):559-561.
[7]Rydock James-P..On the Need for a Separate Standard forPerformance Testing of Negative-Pressure Isolation Rooms[J].The University ofChicago Press,2006,27(5):531-532.
[8]李金年,宋东.负压隔离舱在SARS转运中的应用[C]//2003全国SARS防治学术交流会论文集:2003: 42-43.
[9]G,Ippolito,E,Nicastri,M,Capobianchi,A,Di Caro,N,Petrosillo,V,Puro.Hospital preparedness and management of patients affected by viralhaemorrhagic fever or smallpox at the Lazzaro Spallanzani Institute, Italy.[J].Euro surveillance:bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles=European communicable disease bulletin,2005,10(3):36-9.
[10]衣颖,吴金辉,张宗兴,等.新型冠状病毒肺炎病员的隔离转运[J].医疗卫生装备,2020,41(2):6-10, 25.
发明内容
本发明旨在开发一种更加高效节能且舒适的用于隔离转运舱的负压洁净空气系统,保证在运输过程中 有效隔离患者,保护医护人员,防止传染源扩散。为实现上述目的,本发明采取以下技术方案:
一种转运舱负压净化系统,包括转运舱主体,分别设置在转运舱主体进风口的进风口和出风口的进风 口HEPA过滤器和出风口HEPA过滤器以及风机,其特征在于,还包括用于检测和控制风机运行的风机压 力传感器和风机检测控制模块以及用于检测进风口HEPA过滤器和出风口HEPA过滤器的两个HEPA过滤 器压力传感器,风机压力传感器用于检测舱内外压力,风机检测控制模块根据舱内外压差调节风机转速, 从而实现-20Pa~-30Pa的负压控制目标;两个HEPA过滤器压力传感器分别用于检测两个HEPA过滤器前 后的压力。
优选地,所述的系统还包括进风口警示灯和出风口警示灯,分别对应进风口HEPA过滤器和出风口 HEPA过滤器,当HEPA过滤器压力传感器检测到相应的HEPA过滤器的终阻力高于初阻力预设值时,警示 灯亮。
本发明由于采取以上技术方案,其具有以下优点:本产品通过对风机压力的检测和控制以及对HEPA 高效过滤器的检测,使得舱内人员更为舒适,并保证过滤器有效运行,实现舱内污染及时收集。
附图说明
图1为本发明装置的原理图,图2为风机检测控制系统逻辑,图3为HEPA高效过滤器检测警示系统 逻辑。图中,1、HEPA过滤器压力传感器2、进风口HEPA高效过滤器3、进风口警示灯4、警铃5、出 风口警示灯6、方舱主体7、风机压力传感器8、出风口HEPA高效过滤器9、风机检测控制模块10、风 机
具体实施方式
为了更为具体地描述本发明,下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。如图1所示,本发明提出的方法 是在进风口HEPA高效过滤器2、方舱主体6、出风口HEPA高效过滤器8和风机10的基础上增加负压净 化控制模块,该模块主要包含两部分,一部分用于检测控制风机10运行,包括风机压力传感器7和风机 检测控制模块9;一部分用于检测警示进风口HEPA高效过滤器2和出风口HEPA高效过滤器8,包括HEPA 过滤器压力传感器1、进风口警示灯3、警铃4、出风口警示灯5。这两部分分别通过风机压力传感器7和 HEPA过滤器压力传感器1来检测相关参数,并做出相应的动作。
研究发现,当方舱主体6内压力在-20Pa~-30Pa时,病患可以获得更加舒适的体验,而在使用过程中, 由于搭载病患体型的不同或当负压隔离担架的状态改变时,为维持-20Pa~-30Pa的压力,风机10转速也 需要改变,该模块包含两类压力传感器,风机压力传感器7用于检测舱内外压力,HEPA过滤器压力传感 器1用于检测HEPA高效过滤器前后压力。风机10运行过程中,该模块可以根据舱内外压差自主调节风 机转速,更加有效、快速的实现-20Pa~-30Pa的目标;除此以外,方舱主体6使用前需要及时检测进风口 HEPA高效过滤器2和出风口HEPA高效过滤器8是否有效,以保证医护人员和其它人员的安全,本模块 的HEPA高效过滤器检测警示部分可以实时检测进风口HEPA高效过滤器2和出风口HEPA高效过滤器8 前后的压力,进而判断过滤器阻力是否达到初阻力的2倍,来提示工作人员及时更换进风口HEPA高效过 滤器2或出风口HEPA高效过滤器8,以保障病患和医务人员等的安全。
风机检测控制系统包含风机压力传感器7和风机检测控制模块9,该模块根据采集的压力信号,输入 一个数字输出信号,根据一定的逻辑来控制风机10的运行,运行逻辑如图2。
当风机10运行时检测方舱主体6内外压力
1)当压差未达到-20Pa时,增大风机转速;
2)当压差达到-20Pa且小于-30Pa时,保持风机转速不变;
3)若压差大于-30Pa,减小风机转速。
HEPA高效过滤器检测警示系统包含两个HEPA过滤器压力传感器1,分别用于检测进风口HEPA高 效过滤器2或出风口HEPA高效过滤器8前后压力。该模块根据采集的压力信号,输入一个数字输出信号, 用来控制进风口警示灯3、警铃4、出风口警示灯5的运行,运行逻辑如图3。
当风机10运行时分别检测进风口HEPA高效过滤器2和出风口HEPA高效过滤器8前后压力,
1)当终阻力未达到初阻力2倍时,警示灯不亮,警铃不响;
2)当终阻力达到初阻力2倍时,警示灯亮,警铃响。
Claims (2)
1.一种转运舱负压净化系统,包括转运舱主体,分别设置在转运舱主体进风口的进风口和出风口的进风口HEPA过滤器和出风口HEPA过滤器以及风机,其特征在于,还包括用于检测和控制风机运行的风机压力传感器和风机检测控制模块以及用于检测进风口HEPA过滤器和出风口HEPA过滤器的两个HEPA过滤器压力传感器,风机压力传感器用于检测舱内外压力,风机检测控制模块根据舱内外压差调节风机转速,从而实现-20Pa~-30Pa的负压控制目标;两个HEPA过滤器压力传感器分别用于检测两个HEPA过滤器前后的压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的净化系统,其特征在于,所述的系统还包括进风口警示灯和出风口警示灯,分别对应进风口HEPA过滤器和出风口HEPA过滤器,当HEPA过滤器压力传感器检测到相应的HEPA过滤器的终阻力高于初阻力预设值时,警示灯亮。
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