CN111919688A - Rice micro-ridge mixed-seeding cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice micro-ridge mixed sowing cultivation method, which comprises S1, draining water from the mature period of previous crops until the harvester can work; s2, harvesting previous crops, leaving stubbles, crushing straws of the previous crops, and then scattering the crushed straws on the left stubbles to form a rhizosphere layer for rice growth; s3, ditching in the field to form an ecological ditch; s4, pressing the vertical stubbles and the crushed straws on the surface of the compartment to form a bedding surface, forming the seed-fertilizer-sludge compound into ridges and falling on the bedding surface to form ecological ridges, and forming a plurality of ecological ridges between adjacent ecological ditches; the seed fertilizer-mud compound is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 6-14: 50-70: 6000-10000 of rice seeds, chemical fertilizer and soil are mixed evenly and mixed to obtain the fertilizer. The ecological ridge is used as a medium to wrap organisms and nutrients, and is heat-insulating, moisture-preserving, water-permeable and air-permeable; and the second is used as a donor to provide water nutrition for the biological nutrient body. The seeds which are promoted to germinate and expose white in the ridge grow faster than the weed seeds in and out of the ridge, and the roots and the leaves grow smoothly.

Description

Rice micro-ridge mixed-seeding cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a rice cultivation method, in particular to a rice micro-ridge mixed sowing cultivation method.

Background

The agricultural resource environment in China suffers from dual stresses of exogenous pollution and endogenous pollution, the non-point source pollution formed by agriculture exceeds that of the industry, and the sustainable development of agriculture suffers from bottlenecks. According to statistics, the usage amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in 2018 in China respectively reaches 6000 million tons (pure) and 30 million tons (hundred), the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizers is only about 35%, and pesticide residues are large, so that soil degradation, nutrient loss and resource waste are caused; environmental pollution and product quality reduction. The total quantity of agricultural water in China is 3720 hundred million m³2418 hundred million m of water for rice production³(total rice water is about 65% of total agricultural water); the perennial sowing area of the rice is 4.52 hundred million mu, and the rice field cultivation generally needs 150m field soaking water per mu³The total amount of water for soaking the field reaches 679.5 hundred millionm³Further increasing the water tension of rice production. The total rice yield of China exceeds 2.07 million tons, estimated according to the grain-straw ratio of 1:1.2, the annual production of rice straws exceeds 2.48 million tons, the straws contain a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements, major elements and trace elements, 2.48 million tons of straws, wherein the content of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients is equivalent to 198.4 million tons of urea, 289.33 million tons of calcium superphosphate and 289.33 million tons of potassium sulfate. Therefore, if two measures of no-tillage dry direct seeding and straw fertilizing are realized, the water-saving and fertilizer-saving benefits are very obvious, and the green development is powerfully promoted. At present, rice straws in China are forbidden to be directly burnt or discarded to be disorderly piled, and in-situ digestion is generally adopted, namely after rice grains are harvested, stubbles and crushed straws are left in situ and are shallowly buried by ploughing. Because the rice yield is improved and the straw yield is also improved in recent years, if the rice is not shallowly buried, direct no-tillage is interfered by straws, and the seeding quality is influenced, the problem of how to sow the no-tillage in the background of returning the rice straws to the field in situ is an urgent need to be solved. Solving the problem and playing a key role in improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and the utilization rate of irrigation water.

The direct benefit and the indirect benefit after the utilization rate of water resources is improved and the utilization rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are improved are very obvious. When the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by 1 percent, the use amount of urea can be reduced by 45.45 ten thousand tons, the nitrogen emission is reduced by 21.73 ten thousand tons, 45.45 ten thousand tons of fire coal is saved, the production investment is reduced by about 8.18 million yuan, meanwhile, the pesticide residue is reduced, the quality safety of agricultural products is ensured, and the soil and water environment is protected. The yield of the crops can be effectively increased by returning the crop straws to the field in situ or covering the field, and the yield is increased by more than 4 percent generally. The water for rice production is the main body of agricultural water, and the water reduction for rice production is related to the large bureau of agricultural water in China. Particularly, the late rice is centralized in field soaking water, the water consumption is large, the irrigation water supply is short, the late rice sowing farming season is delayed, and the high yield is affected. Water disputes often occur among partial areas, which is not favorable for the construction of harmonious villages.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the straw returning influences the cultivation and the utilization rate is low, the water for steeping the paddy fields is short, the fertilizer consumption is large, the topdressing time and the fertilizer consumption are unreasonable and the like in the rice production, and simultaneously, the invention provides a rice micro-ridge mixed sowing cultivation method for avoiding the influence of the fertilizer basal application on breast-breaking sowing and improving the emergence rate and the seedling rate of rice no-tillage dry seeds.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a rice micro-ridge mixed-seeding cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, draining water in the mature period of the previous crop until the harvester can work;

s2, harvesting previous crops, leaving stubbles, crushing straws of the previous crops, and then scattering the crushed straws on the left stubbles to form a rhizosphere layer for rice growth;

s3, ditching in the field to form an ecological ditch;

s4, pressing the vertical stubbles and the crushed straws on the compartment surface to form a bedding surface, forming a seed fertilizer-sludge compound into ridges and falling on the bedding surface to form ecological ridges, forming a plurality of ecological ridges between adjacent ecological ditches, wherein the ecological ridges are trapezoidal, the lower bottoms of the ecological ridges are 5.5-9.5 cm wide, the upper bottoms of the ecological ridges are 1.5-3.5 cm wide and 3.5-6.5 cm high, ecological pits are formed between the adjacent ecological ridges, and irrigating horse water for one time after sowing; the seed fertilizer-mud compound is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 6-14: 50-70: 6000-10000 of rice seeds, chemical fertilizer and soil are mixed evenly and mixed to obtain the fertilizer.

The technical principle of the invention is as follows: the core of the technical principle is to form ecological ridges, ecological recesses and ecological ditches. The ecological ridge is composed of organisms, nutrient bodies and water and soil bodies, and is used as a medium to wrap the organisms and the nutrient bodies, so that the ecological ridge has the physical function of protecting the integrity of the organism nutrient bodies, preserving heat, preserving moisture, permeating water and permeating air; and the second is used as a donor to provide water nutrition for the biological nutrient body. The ecological recess is composed of a sponge layer, a surface soil layer and an ecological seam, provides storage capacity for the ecological ridge, and regulates water, fertilizer, air, temperature and humidity in the ecological ridge. The ecological ditch is composed of a ditch main body, ditch side seams and ditch bottom mud. The ecological ditch is used for draining water and irrigating water, providing raw materials for ecological ridges and aquatic animal channels, and grass carp, tinctorius carp, crucian carp, duck and the like can be cultured in the ditch to deinsectize and weed for rice. Under the no-tillage, no-irrigation, no-drought direct seeding state, radicle germs exposed out of the seeds in the ecological ridge absorb nutrition in the seeds and in the compound by virtue of superior temperature and humidity conditions, grow faster than weed seeds in the ridge and outside the ridge, and successfully take roots and grow leaves; on the basis of conventional field management, young ducks are thrown to prevent and control diseases and pests and weeds at the initial tillering stage of rice growth, and compound fertilizer is applied at the booting stage. The invention obviously improves the seedling rate, obviously improves the growth speed of the seedling stage, obviously enhances the weed suppression capability of the rice seedlings, realizes zero input of pesticide in the seedling stage and zero input of water for soaking the field, improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and improves the utilization rate of warm light by direct sowing without tillage, irrigation and fertilizer and mud.

The micro ridge mixed sowing is relative to hole sowing, wherein the hole sowing is realized by digging a hole by using a machine and then sowing seeds; the micro ridge mixed seeding is to mix the seeds, the fertilizer and the mud, to be sprinkled on the field surface, and to be molded into ridge shape by a molding device. The trapezoid is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, is in a long ridge shape, and has the same length as the field. The bottom of the trapezoid is seamlessly connected with the field surface, water on the earth surface is conveyed into the ridge through the capillary action, and the surplus unbound water in the ridge can be discharged to the field surface.

Fertilizer gathering and seedling moistening: the ecological ridge is formed by mixing seeds, fertilizers and sludge raised by ditching according to the mass ratio of 6-14: 50-70: 6000-10000, the proportion of the fertilizer in the ecological ridge is close to 1%, and the fertilizer is evenly distributed, the ecological ridge becomes fertile soil, therefore, the ecological ridge gathers a small amount of fertilizer into fertile soil, and the growth of seedlings is promoted.

Further, in S3, the distance between adjacent ecological ditches is 1.8-8 m, the depth of the ecological ditches is 45-65 cm, and the width of the ecological ditches is 10-18 cm.

Further, the cultivation method comprises S5, feeding 20 young ducks 21-30 days old per mu in the tillering initial stage of the rice, weeding, deinsectizing, preventing and controlling diseases, and intertilling.

And in the initial stage of stocking the young ducks, feeding special feed, after the young ducks adapt to the field environment, mainly feeding the young ducks in the field, and feeding the feed as an auxiliary. In the tillering stage of rice, feed is put in every evening, and the feeding amount of food is increased along with the increase of the body weight of the young ducks.

Further, the water management in the cultivation process is as follows: maintaining the water layer for 1-2 cm after rice seedlings emerge; in the tillering stage of the rice, wet irrigation is adopted, and the depth of a water layer is 2-4 cm; drying the field at the later tillering stage and when the tiller number reaches 80% of the effective spike number; moistening and irrigating in the heading and flowering periods and the milk stage, wherein the water layer is 1cm deep, and irrigating again after 3-4 days after water is exhausted; drying the field in the yellow maturity stage.

Furthermore, the rice seeds in the S4 are accelerating germination and exposing white, and the seed using amount is 3-7 kg/mu.

Seedling lifting and seedling growing: after the rice with broken breast and white rice is sowed, the fertilizer concentration in the ecological ridge is high, so that the ecological ridge is suitable for rice seedling growth, the rice can be promoted to grow fast and robustly in the rice seedling stage, the root systems of the stems and leaves at the overground part and the underground part can be rapidly expanded, the growth of the roots, stems and leaves of weeds is effectively inhibited, and the early rice seedling growth and the seedling strengthening of the rice are facilitated. In particular, the rice seeds with white-spotted thorns are sowed, while the weed seeds are still in a dormant state, and the growth difference is formed by early starting and fast starting of the growth of the rice and late starting and slow starting of the growth of the weeds, thus being beneficial to realizing the growth of the weeds by the growth of the rice and the growth of the roots, stems, leaves and leaves of the weeds by the roots, stems and leaves of the rice.

Further, the soil in S4 is soil raised from the ditch in S3.

Further, in S1, ditch cleaning and drainage are carried out at the late mature stage of the previous crops.

Furthermore, the row spacing of conventional rice seeding is 10-15cm × 17-23cm, and the row spacing of hybrid rice seeding is 16-22cm × 23-27 cm.

And seedling replacement: the micro ridge mixed seeding can be used for direct seeding of no-tillage rice on dry land and can also be used as a seedling raising mode. If the micro ridge mixed sowing is used as a seedling raising mode, the plant and row spacing is correspondingly changed, the plant and row spacing for conventional rice seedling raising is 2-8cm multiplied by 4-12cm, and the hybrid rice is 3-12cm multiplied by 6-15 cm. The seedling raising mode has the advantages that the seedlings can be directly lifted and still carry mud when being transplanted or thrown, the operation is convenient, and the transplanting quality is guaranteed.

Further, in S3, furrow opening is performed using a chain opener.

Casting mud is fertilizer: the chain furrow opener raises the mud in the ditch out to become broken mud, and most of the broken mud becomes powdered, is favorable to nutrient substance release to supply the seedling root system to absorb, becomes mud to fertile.

Further, in S4, flattening the vertical stubble and the crushed straw by using a prying type pressing plate;

and S4, the seed-fertilizer-mud compound falls on the lower mat surface and passes through the guiding and falling device, the guiding and falling device conveys the scattered seed-fertilizer-mud compound to the shaping device, and the seed-fertilizer-mud compound forms a trapezoid through the shaping device and falls on the lower mat surface.

A chain-type furrow opener is used for ditching, and a chain-shaped furrow opener is used for raising soil in a field to form a ditch. Most of the raised soil becomes mixed seeding material, and the micro ridge mixed seeding material consists of rice seed, chemical fertilizer and soil to form compound.

And pressing stubbles and crushed straws on the compartment surface between the ditches by using a prying type pressing plate to form a relatively flat underlying surface. Spraying the seed-fertilizer-mud compound strip on the field surface; the seed fertilizer-mud compound falls to the front of the field and passes through the guiding and falling device, the guiding and falling device conveys the scattered seed fertilizer-mud compound to the shaping device, and the seed fertilizer-mud compound falls to form a trapezoid with a wide lower part and a narrow upper part after passing through the shaping device, and the rows are in a micro-ridge shape.

Furthermore, according to the seedling condition and weather of the booting stage, 2-10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to each mu.

In the scheme, the method for controlling the diseases, the pests and the weeds comprises the following steps: the field diseases, insect pests and weeds are mainly controlled by adopting ducks, but when large-area rice diseases and insect pests outbreak, biological agents need to be adopted for preventing and treating in time.

In the scheme, daily patrol is needed, particularly, the growth condition of the ducks and whether fence facilities are intact or not are needed to be observed every evening in the rice and duck co-breeding period, and escape of the ducks and damage of natural enemies are prevented. The feeding amount is increased according to the increase of the feed amount of the ducks.

In the scheme, the micro ridge mixed sowing should be performed in sunny days or cloudy days or in rainy days without heavy rain at the later stage, and meanwhile, the water outlet is opened in rainy days to prevent water accumulation in the field.

In the above scheme, when sowing, fertilizing and mud compounding, seeds and fertilizers are uniformly placed in mud, so that the germinated seeds can conveniently absorb nutrition, and the seeds are prevented from being injured by too high chemical fertilizer concentration under the action of the mud in the ridges. In the initial stage of germination, the seed roots are isolated by soil and do not contact with the fertilizer and other seeds, and the nutrition released after the fertilizer is decomposed can be absorbed by the roots through the soil in the ridges.

In the scheme, the micro ridge mixed sowing machine completes stubble pressing and leveling, ditching and soil taking, mixed seed fertilizer and soil taking, and strip discharging into ridges in one step during operation.

The invention takes out the mud in the rice field to form an ecological ditch, and the taken-out mud is mixed with rice stubble, straw stalks crushed by a harvester, chemical fertilizer and seeds with germination accelerating and white exposing to form a micro ridge mixed sowing complex. A relatively flat underlying surface is constructed by means of a prying type grass pressing plate, a seed, fertilizer and soil complex is discharged through a spiral discharge port of a dry direct seeding and fertilizing machine, the complex forms ridges after passing through a shaper, and a concave part between the two ridges forms an ecological concave. The horizontal plane forms an orderly distributed structure of ecological ridges, ecological pits and ecological ditches, the vertical plane forms a seed layer (seeds, fertilizer and soil), a straw layer, a soil surface layer and a exchanging layer from top to bottom, a three-dimensional structure with coordinated fusion of water, gas and fertilizer of a soil plough layer is formed, and early seedling emergence, full seedling emergence and strong seedling emergence are realized. The seeds are sowed in the no-tillage rice field in a dry way, so that the step of soaking and preparing the soil is omitted, the structure of a tillage layer of the rice field is maintained, and the stability of an ecological system of the rice field is kept; the straw is returned to the field for utilization in full quantity, so that the environmental pollution is reduced, and the high-efficiency recovery and utilization of agricultural resources are realized; the chest-breaking rice has three water obtaining ways: the water content of the soil surface, the water content in the ridge and the water content in the soil surface enter the ridge through the capillary action; there are three water-retaining barriers: the peel, the soil micro-aggregates adhered to the surface of grains and the soil in the ridges increase the water absorption way of the chest-breaking rice seeds, reduce the influence of adverse factors of the external environment and solve the problem of incomplete seedling emergence of the direct-seeded rice; the compound fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the ridges, the germinated seeds can be effectively utilized, and the seedlings can quickly absorb nutrients, so that the formation of vigorous seedlings and strong seedlings is facilitated; the ducks are adopted to control field diseases, pests and weeds, the usage amount of pesticides is reduced, and green production of rice is realized; the additional fertilization principle of seedling fertilization and field fertilization is adopted in the middle and later growth periods of the rice, so that the fertilizer consumption is reduced and the utilization rate is improved on the premise of ensuring the normal growth and development of the rice.

The invention utilizes the broken mud which is immediately ditched to form ecological ridges, form ecological pits between the ecological ridges, form ecological ditches after the broken mud is raised out, obviously improve the seedling rate, obviously improve the growth speed in the seedling stage, obviously enhance the grass inhibition capacity of rice seedlings, realize zero input of pesticides in the seedling stage, zero input of field soaking water, improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of warm light by no tillage, no irrigation and no direct seeding with fertilizer and mud.

The ecological ridge consists of organisms, nutrient bodies and water and soil bodies. The organisms are seeds which have germinated and exposed to the white, and are uniformly wrapped in the ridges; the nutrient bodies are compound fertilizer particles, are not connected with the seeds, but are uniformly distributed among organisms; the water fertilizer body is rice field soil with 10-70% of water, is raised out by a ditching machine, is used as a medium to wrap organisms and nutrient bodies, performs a physical function to protect the integrity of the organism nutrient bodies, and has the functions of heat preservation, moisture preservation, water permeability and air permeability; the second is used as a donor to provide water nutrition for the biological nutrient body

The ecological recess is composed of a sponge layer, a surface soil layer and an ecological seam. The sponge layer is formed by the straws left after the previous stubble is harvested, one part of the sponge layer is formed by pressing down the vertical stubble, and the other part of the sponge layer is formed by the crushed straws discharged by the harvester; the surface soil layer is positioned below the straw layer, is a tillage layer for rice growth, provides bin capacity for the ecological ridge, and regulates water, fertilizer, air, temperature and humidity in the ecological ridge; the ecological gap is located in the ecological recess, is not used in the field, and is a channel for conveying oxygen and discharging other gases. The ecological seams are communicated with each other and communicated with the ecological ditches to form a network for rice field irrigation and discharge.

The ecological ditch is composed of a ditch main body, ditch side seams and ditch bottom mud. The main structure of the ditch is a main structure of the ditch, namely a cuboid for containing moisture, and when the ditch is completely filled with water, the cuboid can completely contain the moisture; when the water ditch is half ditch, the upper half part of the cuboid at the upper part contains air, and the lower half part contains water. The ecological ditch has the functions of draining water and irrigating water, providing raw materials for ecological ridges, providing aquatic animal channels, and culturing grass carp, tincaeus, crucian, duck and the like in the ditch.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, the water-saving function is realized, the rice no-tillage dry direct seeding sowing is realized, and the field soaking water required by the tillage is saved;

the straw cleaning function is realized, the straw is naturally dehydrated and wilted or the straw is burnt to facilitate the operation, the previous straw is flatly laid on the surface of the rice field to form a bedding surface, the surface layer of the rice field is protected, a rhizosphere environment is provided for the growth of rice seedlings, the straw returning is realized, and the resource utilization is realized;

thirdly, the oxygen increasing function is realized, and the oxygen supplying of the rice is facilitated by utilizing the thin sealing of the ecological ridge and the ventilation function of the ecological ridge on the ground;

fourthly, the functions of protecting and strengthening seedlings are achieved, the water absorption way of the chest-broken rice seeds can be increased by micro ridge mixed sowing, and the germination and seedling emergence of the chest-broken rice seeds are promoted; the ecological pits and the ecological ditches are equidistant and are not adjacent and connected, multiple water stains are formed through the capillary action and the rice field fineness and instability, and water is less and water is preserved; a proper amount of fertilizer is mixed in the ridge-shaped mud wall, so that the seedlings can quickly absorb nutrients, and vigorous seedlings and strong seedlings are formed;

fifthly, the weed control function is realized, the root system distribution in the seedling stage of the rice is mainly based on the high position formed by the ecological ridge, and the shading function formed by the growth of the rice is assisted; in the middle stage of rice growth, field weeds are controlled by a physical method which mainly takes the shading effect formed by the rice growth and takes ecological ridge control as an auxiliary; the duck is used for controlling the grass in the whole rice and duck co-breeding period.

Sixthly, the functions of saving fertilizer and increasing yield are realized, the base application of a proper amount of fertilizer and the fertilization of seedlings and fields in the middle and later growth periods of rice are realized, and especially the fertilizer accounting for 70-90% of the total amount enters an ecological ridge during sowing, so that the problems of fertilizer volatilization loss, large using amount, unreasonable topdressing and the like are avoided; the fertilizer is applied to the rice in the early growth period to facilitate the formation of strong seedlings, and the rice growth is in the optimal state in the middle and later periods due to seedling and field topdressing, thereby laying a foundation for high yield of rice;

seventhly, the utilization rate of agricultural resources is improved, the ecological ridge dry direct seeding realizes the accurate quantification of seeds and basal fertilizer application and the accurate positioning of the seeding position, the disordered state of the traditional rice direct seeding and fertilizer application is avoided, and the seeds and the fertilizer are saved; the soil erosion caused by seeding and water drainage after cultivation is avoided; the fertilizer basal application can supply nutrition most directly and quickly in the early stage of rice growth, and can gradually act on plant root systems in the middle and later stages of rice growth, thereby being beneficial to the absorption and growth of the rice root systems and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer.

Eighthly, the ecological benefit function is realized, the use amount of irrigation water and pesticide is reduced, the operation energy consumption is reduced, straws are not burnt, and haze is reduced; maintain the plowing layer structure of the rice field and keep the biological diversity and the stability of the ecological system of the rice field.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro ridge mixed sowing machine.

Fig. 2 is a schematic side structure view of the micro ridge mixed sowing machine.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the technical solution, the technical solution will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.

Examples

As shown in figures 1-2, the micro ridge mixed sowing machine comprises a tractor 1 and a connecting rod 2 fixedly connected with the rear part of the tractor 1. The arrow in fig. 1 indicates the forward direction of the tractor 1, and the rear of the tractor 1 indicates the direction opposite to the arrow. The tractor 1 is provided with a first driving device which is connected with one end of the chain type furrow opener 3. The chain furrow opener 3 inclines and sets up, and the 3 high one end of chain furrow opener is connected with first drive arrangement, and the one end that chain furrow opener 3 is low contacts with the soil. The chain type furrow opener 3 comprises a driving wheel 31, a driven wheel 32, a first idle chain 33, a second idle chain 34, a chain beam 35, a soil scraping knife 36 and a load chain 37, wherein the first idle chain 33 and the second idle chain 34 are wound between the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32, the chain beam 35 is provided with a plurality of paths and is arranged between the first idle chain 33 and the second idle chain 34, the soil scraping knife 36 is fixed on the outer sides of the first idle chain 33 and the second idle chain 34, the load chain 37 is also wound between the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32, and a first driving device is connected with the driving wheel 31. The first driving device drives the driving wheel to rotate, so that the driven wheel, the first no-load chain, the second no-load chain and the load chain are driven to rotate, and the soil scraping knife ditches soil and lifts the soil. The operation parameters of the chain type furrow opener 3 are that the furrow distance is 1.8-8 meters, the depth is 45-65 cm, and the width is 10-18 cm.

The conveyer 4 is arranged below the chain type furrow opener 3, the upper end of the conveyer 4 is not sealed, and the spiral impeller is used for receiving raised soil. The conveyor 4 is communicated with a fertilizer discharging device 5 and a seed sowing device 6, the conveyor 4, the fertilizer discharging device 5 and the seed sowing device 6 are respectively driven by a second driving device, a third driving device and a fourth driving device which are arranged on the tractor 1, the other end of the conveyor 4 is communicated with a screw conveyor 7, the screw conveyor 7 is fixed on the link rod 2, and the screw conveyor 7 is driven by a fifth driving device which is arranged on the tractor 1.

The bottom of the screw conveyor 7 is sequentially communicated with a guide falling device 8 and a shaping device 9 from top to bottom, the guide falling device 8 and the shaping device 9 are provided with a plurality of groups, the shaping device 9 is trapezoidal, and the size of the trapezoid is 5.5-11.5 cm wide at the bottom, 1.5-5.5 cm wide at the upper bottom and 3.5-9.5 cm high. The distance between two adjacent groups of the guide-droppers 8 and the shapers 9 is 4 cm-6 cm.

The prying type pressing plate 10 comprises a tilting end and a horizontal end, the tilting end is fixed with the link rod 2, and the horizontal end is parallel to the ground and close to the ground. The prying type pressing plate 10 is L-shaped, and the tilting end is perpendicular to the horizontal end.

The conveyor, the fertilizer discharging device, the seed discharging device and the spiral conveyor are respectively driven by direct current motors; the guiding and shaping device and the shaping device are not driven, and the seeds, the fertilizer and the mud compound are guided and shaped by the coupling of the falling body gravity, the kinetic energy of the forward movement of the machine and the guiding and shaping device and the shaping device.

Example 1

The early rice micro-ridge mixed seeding cultivation is carried out in the spring pond group of Zhengming moon village at the intersection of Changsha county in Changsha, Hunan province from 3 months to 7 months in 2019:

1. the previous stubble is Chinese cabbage, harvested in 4 months and 7 days, and the ditch is cleared and the water is drained in the same day, but the soil surface is wet, but a four-wheel tractor can work.

2. The broken leaves left by the Chinese cabbage stubble are not removed and become the rhizosphere layer for the rice growth.

3. Seeding by adopting a micro ridge mixed seeding machine: 1) a chain-type furrow opener is used for ditching, and soil in a field is raised out to form a ditch. The distance between the grooves is 8 meters, the depth of the grooves is 45 centimeters, and the width of the grooves is 12 centimeters. Most of the raised soil becomes the raw material for mixed sowing, and the sowing material consists of rice seeds, fertilizer and soil to form a compound. During sowing, accelerating germination and exposing white seeds, fertilizer and soil raised out by ditching are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10: 60: 8200 mixing with the stirrer of a micro ridge seeding and mixing machine. 5 kilograms of seed consumption per mu, 18 proportion of N, P and K: 9: 30 kilograms of 18 compound fertilizers are mixed with the mud and then sowed; when in operation, the micro ridge mixed sowing machine completes stubble pressing and leveling, ditching and soil taking, mixed seed fertilizer and soil, and strip discharging to form ridges.

2) On the compartment surface between the ditches, the broken leaves and the surface soil of the Chinese cabbage are pressed by a prying type pressing plate arranged on the micro ridge mixed sowing machine to form a relatively flat underlying surface. And (5) spraying the seed-fertilizer-mud compound strips on the field surface to complete sowing. The sown seed, fertilizer and mud compound passes through the guiding and falling device and the shaping device before falling to the ground, and then forms a trapezoid with a wide lower part and a narrow upper part, and the rows of the trapezoid are in a micro-ridge shape. The lower bottom of the ridge is 6.5 cm wide, the upper side of the ridge is 1.5 cm wide, and the height of the ridge is 3.5 cm; when in operation, the micro ridge mixed sowing machine completes stubble pressing and leveling, ditching and soil taking, mixed seed fertilizer and soil, and strip discharging to form ridges. And (5) irrigating horse race water once after sowing.

4. When the rice enters the tillering initial stage, 25 young ducks of 25 days old are thrown in each mu, and the rice is subjected to weeding, deinsectization, disease prevention and control and intertillage. Feeding special feed at the initial stage of stocking the young ducks, wherein each duck is 0.01 kg per day; after the young ducks adapt to the field environment, the young ducks are mainly prey in the field and are fed with food as an auxiliary material. In the full tillering stage of rice, the feed is put in the evening every day, and the compound feed is used: 40 jin of corn flour, 15 jin of bean dregs, 15 jin of oil bran, 15 jin of rice bran and 15 jin of green feed (the green feed is chopped), and after mixing, 50 jin of well water is added (half jin of probiotic ferment is added into the water). Feeding 0.03 kg of feed is fed to each duck every day, and the feeding amount of the feed is increased along with the increase of the weight of the ducks. Performing water management by matching with the growth of rice and the movement of ducks, and maintaining a water layer for 1-2 cm after rice seedlings emerge; in the tillering stage of the rice, wet irrigation is adopted, and the depth of a water layer is 2-4 cm; in the later tillering stage and when the number of tillers and stems reaches 80 percent of the effective spike number, the field is properly sunned, and the sunning degree is suitable for standing in the field without sinking feet; moistening and irrigating at the heading and flowering stages and the milk stage, wherein the water layer is 1cm deep, and irrigating again after 3d after water is exhausted; drying the field in the yellow maturity stage.

5. According to the seedling condition and weather of the booting stage, the proportion of N to P to K applied to each mu is 18: 9: 4 kg of 18 compound fertilizers.

6. During the whole early rice growth period, the growth and development are normal, the lodging does not occur, the yield is increased, and the fertilizer is reduced:

TABLE 1 comparison table of early rice micro-ridge mixed seeding cultivation and conventional cultivation for comprehensive benefits of planting industry

The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, after reading the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A rice micro-ridge mixed-seeding cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, draining water in the mature period of the previous crop until the harvester can work;

s2, harvesting previous crops, leaving stubbles, crushing straws of the previous crops, and then scattering the crushed straws on the left stubbles to form a rhizosphere layer for rice growth;

s3, ditching in the field to form an ecological ditch;

s4, pressing the vertical stubbles and the crushed straws on the compartment surface to form a bedding surface, forming a seed fertilizer-sludge compound into ridges and falling on the bedding surface to form ecological ridges, forming a plurality of ecological ridges between adjacent ecological ditches, wherein the ecological ridges are trapezoidal, the lower bottoms of the ecological ridges are 5.5-9.5 cm wide, the upper bottoms of the ecological ridges are 1.5-3.5 cm wide and 3.5-6.5 cm high, ecological pits are formed between the adjacent ecological ridges, and irrigating horse water for one time after sowing; the seed fertilizer-mud compound is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 6-14: 50-70: 6000-10000 of rice seeds, chemical fertilizer and soil are mixed evenly and mixed to obtain the fertilizer.

2. The method for cultivating rice under the mixed micro-ridge as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the distance between adjacent ecological ditches is 1.8 m-8 m, the depth of the ecological ditches is 45-65 cm, and the width of the ecological ditches is 10-18 cm.

3. The rice micro-ridge mixed-seeding cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising S5, feeding 20 young ducks 21-30 days old per mu in the tillering initial stage of rice, weeding, deinsectizing, disease control and intertilling.

4. The method for cultivating rice by mixed sowing on micro ridges according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the water content in the cultivation process is controlled as follows: maintaining the water layer for 1-2 cm after rice seedlings emerge; in the tillering stage of the rice, wet irrigation is adopted, and the depth of a water layer is 2-4 cm; drying the field at the later tillering stage and when the tiller number reaches 80% of the effective spike number; moistening and irrigating in the heading and flowering periods and the milk stage, wherein the water layer is 1cm deep, and irrigating again after 3-4 days after water is exhausted; drying the field in the yellow maturity stage.

5. The method for cultivating rice on a mixed micro-ridge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rice seeds in S4 are germinating and white exposing seeds, and the amount of the seeds is 3 to 7 kg/mu.

6. The method for cultivating rice under the mixed micro-ridge as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soil in S4 is soil raised from ditches in S3.

7. The method for cultivating rice on a mixed micro-ridge as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in S1, the furrows are removed at the late mature stage of the previous crop.

8. The method for cultivating rice by mixed micro-ridge sowing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the row spacing of the conventional rice sowing is 10-15cm x 17-23cm, and the row spacing of the hybrid rice sowing is 16-22cm x 23-27 cm.

9. The method for mixed sowing and cultivating of rice on micro ridges as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a chain type furrow opener is used for furrowing in S3.

10. The rice micro-ridge mixed sowing cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in S4, upright stubble and crushed straw are flattened by a prying press plate;

and S4, the seed-fertilizer-mud compound falls on the lower mat surface and passes through the guiding and falling device, the guiding and falling device conveys the scattered seed-fertilizer-mud compound to the shaping device, and the seed-fertilizer-mud compound forms a trapezoid through the shaping device and falls on the lower mat surface.

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