CN111919578A

CN111919578A - Harvester for peanuts

Info

Publication number: CN111919578A
Application number: CN202010843150.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赖联锋; 傅亮; 许碧琼
Original assignee: Ningde Normal University
Current assignee: Ningde Normal University
Priority date: 2020-08-20
Filing date: 2020-08-20
Publication date: 2020-11-13

Abstract

The invention provides a peanut harvester which comprises a separating mechanism, a collecting box, a soil separating mechanism and a vehicle body, wherein the separating mechanism is provided with a soil cleaning roller and a separating roller, the soil separating mechanism comprises a pair of frames, a conveying channel is formed between adjacent side edges of the two frames, a chain is arranged around the periphery of each frame, and convex teeth are arranged on the chain. Extract the peanut from the field through the meshing of chain to carry along the conveyer way, pass through soil cleaning roller and separation roller in proper order, make the peanut clear away most earth on soil cleaning roller, beat the peanut to the collecting box in through the separation roller then, remaining peanut plant then drops again to the field through the end of conveyer way in, so relapse, realize mechanized excavation, tremble soil, the purpose of picking fruit. The structural design and the use of chain, harvester can design comparatively compactly and comparatively small and exquisite, and the removal of being convenient for is assisted with bearing of automobile body again, can deal with the mechanized operation in mountain area type farmland, improves the efficiency of results.

Description

Harvester for peanuts

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural auxiliary equipment, in particular to a peanut harvester.

Background

In terms of the global scope, the peanut harvester in the developed countries is developing towards the direction of large-scale, electromechanical integration, intellectualization, reliability and safety according to the planting characteristics of the countries. The developed countries are divided into two parts for collecting peanuts, the peanuts are firstly excavated and removed of soil by an excavating harvester, then turned and laid in the field orderly, and then the peanuts are aired for a period of time and then carried out the next procedure by a peanut picking machine. In countries with less developed economic and productive development, the harvesting operation of peanuts is mainly manual and animal-powered.

Peanut pickers in the domestic market are divided into two types: firstly, the peanuts are excavated from the soil by an excavator, the soil on the peanuts is not treated, the soil removal, collection, laying and picking of the peanuts are completely finished manually, the mechanization degree is low, and the labor intensity of farmers is not reduced; secondly, the machine is a combined operation machine type integrating digging, lifting, cleaning, picking and fruit collecting, and the machine is high in cost. However, it is not suitable for use in areas where only small areas of peanuts can be planted for individual harvesting. Therefore, a simple peanut harvester which is small and convenient, integrates digging, soil shaking, picking, screening and fruit collection is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a peanut harvester, which aims to solve the problems that the existing equipment is high in cost and is not suitable for the existing mountain area type farmland operation.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a harvester for peanuts, comprising:

the separating mechanism is sequentially provided with a soil cleaning roller for cleaning soil on the peanuts and a separating roller for separating the peanuts along the conveying direction;

the top of the collecting box is provided with an opening, and the separating roller is arranged in the collecting box;

the soil separating mechanism comprises a pair of frames which are symmetrical and are arranged upwards and slantwise along the conveying direction, a conveying channel is formed between the adjacent side edges of the two frames, and the conveying channel is positioned above the collecting box and the separating mechanism; chains are arranged around the periphery of the frames, convex teeth are arranged on the chains at equal intervals, the chains respectively positioned on the two frames are mutually meshed on the conveying channel, and the chains are rotatably arranged along the periphery of the frames; and

and the vehicle body is used for bearing the separating mechanism, the collecting box and the soil separating mechanism.

Preferably, the starting ends of the pair of frames are in a splayed structure.

Preferably, the soil separating mechanism further comprises an adjuster, one adjuster is arranged on each frame, and the adjuster is used for adjusting the tightness of the chain.

Preferably, the separating roller is provided in plurality, and the separating rollers are sequentially arranged in the collecting box along the conveying direction.

Preferably, adjacent ones of the separation rollers rotate in opposite directions.

Preferably, the separating roller comprises a small fruit picking rod and a large fruit picking rod, and the small fruit picking rod and the large fruit picking rod are sequentially arranged in the collecting box along the conveying direction.

Preferably, the small fruit picking rod is provided with elastic L-shaped screening teeth, and the large fruit picking rod is provided with U-shaped screening teeth.

Preferably, at least one layer of screening plate is arranged in the collecting box.

Preferably, the collecting tank is provided with a collecting groove on the bottom surface.

Preferably, a plurality of transmission gear teeth for transmitting the chain are arranged around the circumferential side of the frame.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the harvester adopts the chain with the convex teeth for meshing, so that the peanuts are pulled out of a field and are conveyed along the conveying way, the peanuts sequentially pass through the soil cleaning roller and the separating roller, most of soil on the soil cleaning roller is removed by the peanuts, then the peanuts are knocked down into the collecting box through the separating roller, the rest peanut plants drop into the field again through the tail end of the conveying way, and the steps are repeated, so that the purposes of mechanical digging, soil shaking and fruit picking are achieved. The structural design and the use of chain can be so that structurally can simplify on carrying and peanut unearthed, holistic harvester can design comparatively compactly and comparatively small and exquisite, is assisted again with bearing of automobile body, is convenient for remove, can deal with the mechanized operation in mountain type farmland, improves the efficiency of results.

2. In order to make the chain can be faster, complete carry out the centre gripping to peanut plant, design into splayed structure at the front end of frame, combine the rotation of chain, can also avoid peanut plant by centralized centre gripping, improve the efficiency of picking.

3. The tightness of the chain can directly influence the picking effect of the peanuts, so that whether the tightness adjustment of the chain is convenient or not directly influences the convenience in use and maintenance. The invention combines the characteristics of the chain, the regulator is arranged on the frame, and the regulator can combine the piston rod with the gear teeth, so that the self-locking is realized only after the length of the piston rod is passed, and the convenience and the practicability of use are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a harvester for peanuts according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a harvester for peanuts according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a partial view of a harvester for peanuts according to an embodiment;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the circle at A in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view showing the structure of a separating roller of the peanut harvester according to the embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a collection box of the peanut harvester according to the embodiment.

Reference numerals:

10. a separating mechanism; 101. a soil cleaning roller; 102. a separation roller; 103. a frame;

104. a chain; 105. a regulator;

1021. small fruit picking rods; 1022. large fruit picking rods; 1023. l-shaped screening teeth;

1024. u-shaped screening teeth; 1031. a conveying path; 1032. a splayed structure;

1041. a convex tooth; 1042. a transmission gear tooth;

20. a collection box; 201. a screening plate; 202. collecting tank;

30. a soil separating mechanism; 40. a vehicle body;

Detailed Description

Therefore, the present invention provides a new solution, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings for better clarity.

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a peanut harvester, which includes a separating mechanism 10, a collecting box 20, a soil separating mechanism 30 and a vehicle body 40, wherein the vehicle body can be a single-shaft double-wheel vehicle body, and the separating mechanism, the collecting box and the soil separating mechanism are mounted on one side of the vehicle body, so that the separating mechanism, the collecting box and the soil separating mechanism can pick peanut plants along with the movement of the vehicle body, and the peanut harvester can pick peanut plants in a field by only pushing the vehicle body after the harvester is opened. The automobile body is the frame construction of handcart, and the accessible engine drives, combines separating mechanism, collecting box and from native mechanism to make holistic results organism type less, can adapt to the farmland of mountain area type, improves the flexibility of harvester, improves the efficiency of results peanut.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the separating mechanism comprises a soil cleaning roller 101 and a separating roller 102, the soil cleaning roller is provided with brushes, the brushes can be distributed by crossing hard brushes and flexible brushes, the separating roller is arranged in a collecting box, two identical frames 103 are symmetrically and obliquely arranged right above the collecting box, a conveying channel 1031 is formed between the adjacent sides of the two frames, a chain 104 with convex teeth 1041 distributed at equal intervals is arranged on the peripheral side of the frames, and the chain is meshed on the conveying channel. The chain is driven by a plurality of gears arranged on the peripheral side of the frame, and the tightness of the chain can directly influence the emergence of the peanut plants. Simultaneously, the chain also has elasticity, can block the peanut plant and carry out the transmission, and the design of dogtooth then can be better with the peanut plant relatively even centre gripping once, can not cause whole peanut plant clamping in same department, has avoided the not smooth problem of transmission. And the tightness adjustment of the chain is described in detail below.

After the harvester is started, the peanuts are extracted from the field through the chains on the two frames, the peanuts are conveyed along the conveying channel, the soil cleaning roller and the separating roller are sequentially arranged, soil is removed through the rolling of the brushes on the soil cleaning roller, most of the soil on the peanut plants can be removed, the peanuts are knocked down into the collecting box through the separating roller, the remaining peanut plants drop into the field again through the tail end of the conveying channel, the operation is repeated, mechanized excavation is achieved, soil shaking and fruit picking are achieved, and picking efficiency is improved.

And the structural design and the use of chain can be so that structurally can simplify on carrying and peanut unearthed, holistic harvester can design comparatively compactly and comparatively small and exquisite, is assisted again with bearing of automobile body, and the removal of being convenient for can deal with the mechanized operation in mountain area type farmland, improves the efficiency of results.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the starting ends of the pair of frames in this embodiment are formed in a splay configuration 1032, and thus the chain wound around the circumferential sides of the frames is also formed in a splay configuration at the starting ends. Meanwhile, the frame is obliquely and upwards arranged from the starting end to the tail end. The transmission gear 1042 for transmission is installed on the peripheral side of the frame, so that the chain can be arranged on the peripheral side of the frame, the chain is driven to rotate by the motor, and the other chain can synchronously drive the chain to rotate in the opposite direction by using the other motor, thereby achieving the effect of meshing on the conveying track. And then, the peanut plants are folded and pulled up through the splayed structure, and then are clamped on the conveying channel through the two chains for conveying treatment. Avoid taking place the centre gripping of peanut plant by concentration, perhaps avoid unable with the peanut plant centre gripping to the condition in the transfer passage, improve the harvesting rate of harvester.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the soil separating mechanism in this embodiment further includes adjusters 105, each of which is provided on the frame, and the adjusters may be hydraulic rams, and a gear meshed with the chain for transmission is mounted on an output shaft of the hydraulic rams. The tightness of the chain can directly influence the picking effect of the peanuts, so that the adjustment of the tightness of the chain is more critical. And whether the tightness adjustment of the chain is convenient or not directly influences the convenience in use and maintenance. The adjuster of this embodiment may also be a combination of a piston rod and gear teeth, or a combination of a hydraulic cylinder and gear teeth. When adjusting, only need through the length back auto-lock of piston rod, the piston rod is for having self-locking function's piston rod, and this type piston rod is prior art, does not carry out detailed repeated here. Therefore, the effect of quickly and conveniently adjusting the tightness of the chain is realized, and the convenience and the practicability of use are improved.

The separation roller is provided with a plurality ofly in this embodiment, and a plurality of separation rollers set gradually in the collecting box along direction of delivery. In order to completely peel off peanuts from plants, a plurality of separating rollers are arranged on the collecting box, and the aim of completely peeling off peanut fruits is fulfilled by repeated peeling.

In this embodiment, the adjacent separation rollers rotate in opposite directions. The peanut on the peanut plant can be peeled off from different directions through the different separation rollers that turn to, reaches the purpose of peeling off the peanut more quickly and completely, through also can reducing the quantity that the separation roller was installed, reduction in production cost improves the practicality of harvester.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the separating roller in this embodiment includes a small fruit picking rod 1021 and a large fruit picking rod 1022, which are sequentially disposed in the collecting box along the conveying direction. Elastic L-shaped screening teeth 1023 are arranged on the small fruit picking rod, and U-shaped screening teeth 1024 are arranged on the large fruit picking rod. The L-shaped screening teeth can be made of rubber, when peanut plants are peeled, peanuts can be effectively protected from being broken or injured through the elasticity of the rubber, and the integrity of the harvested peanuts is improved. However, after the small peanut picking rod is peeled, some peanuts which are difficult to be peeled still exist, the U-shaped screening teeth of the large peanut picking rod are used for peeling, the strength of the screening teeth can be improved due to the U-shaped structure, and the peanuts are peeled through a large force, so that the purpose of completely peeling the peanuts is achieved.

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, at least one layer of screening plate 201 is arranged in the collecting box in the embodiment. Can carry out simple screening to the peanut under peeling off through the screening board, and then reduce the amount of labour of later stage screening, improve the practicality of harvester.

In other embodiments, multiple layers of screening plates can be arranged, and a vibration motor is arranged on the screening plates, so that peanuts can be screened into a plurality of types with different sizes, and the screening precision is improved.

As shown in fig. 6, the bottom surface of the collection tank in this embodiment is provided with a collection tank 202. The peanuts stripped by the separation roller can be conveniently collected by the collecting tank. And the collecting vat can incline the design, only needs place braided bag or sack in the exit, can reach the effect of collecting the peanut, improves harvester's practicality.

Although the present invention has been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A harvester for peanuts, comprising:

2. A harvester for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the starting ends of the pair of frames are in a splayed structure.

3. A harvester for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the soil separating mechanism further comprises an adjuster, one adjuster is arranged on each frame, and the adjusters are used for adjusting the tightness of the chains.

4. A harvester for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the separating rollers are arranged in a plurality, and the separating rollers are sequentially arranged in the collecting box along the conveying direction.

5. A harvester for peanuts as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the adjacent separating rollers rotate in opposite directions.

6. A harvester for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the separating roller comprises a small fruit picking rod and a large fruit picking rod, and the small fruit picking rod and the large fruit picking rod are sequentially arranged in the collecting box along the conveying direction.

7. A harvester for peanuts as set forth in claim 6, wherein: elastic L-shaped screening teeth are arranged on the small fruit picking rod, and U-shaped screening teeth are arranged on the large fruit picking rod.

8. A harvester for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: at least one layer of screening plate is arranged in the collecting box.

9. A harvester for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of the collecting box is provided with a collecting groove.

10. A harvester for peanuts as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of transmission gear teeth for transmitting the chain are arranged around the periphery of the frame.