CN111918954A - 牵引流体组合物 - Google Patents

牵引流体组合物 Download PDF

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CN111918954A
CN111918954A CN201980017085.5A CN201980017085A CN111918954A CN 111918954 A CN111918954 A CN 111918954A CN 201980017085 A CN201980017085 A CN 201980017085A CN 111918954 A CN111918954 A CN 111918954A
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traction fluid
fluid
traction
viscosity
less
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CN111918954B (zh
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吴葛菲
任宁
弗朗西丝·E·洛克伍德
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Shengpai Global Product Intellectual Property Co ltd
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Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC
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Abstract

提供了可与任何牵引流体基础原料一起使用的牵引流体添加剂组合。为了优化牵引、低温粘度和剪切稳定性性能，可添加聚异丁烯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐的组合至基础油以获得具有良好的低温粘度且不降低流体的剪切强度性质的牵引流体。为了最小化牵引流体的起泡，除了标准添加剂包之外，还可添加一种、两种或更多种消泡剂的组合至流体。

Description

牵引流体组合物
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2018年3月6日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/639,195号的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请总体涉及牵引流体。
背景技术
牵引流体依靠其高的剪切强度在诸如连续可变传动装置(continuous variabletransmission，CVT)或无限可变传动装置(infinite variable transmission，IVT)的装置中提供扭矩传动。这种传动允许与内燃机无缝集成，以实现最佳发动机性能和最高燃油效率。在1999年，环形连续可变传动装置(toroidal continuous variable transmission，T-CVT)汽车被引入市场，并且用于T-CVT的牵引流体在分子的高牵引系数和低温流动性方面要求高水平的性能。
剪切强度可以作为牵引系数来测量，并且越高越好。脂环族烃通常具有优越的剪切强度性质，但具有差的低温粘度性质。为了平衡这些性质，可以将具有良好的低温粘度性质的流体(诸如硅酮、酯或聚α烯烃(PAO))掺入实际的牵引流体中。
发明内容
牵引流体，其包含基础油；第一粘度添加剂；和第二粘度添加剂，其中第一粘度添加剂将使得牵引流体的牵引系数的降低最小化，第二粘度添加剂将低温粘度的增加最小化。第一粘度添加剂可以是聚异丁烯粘度调节剂，第二添加剂可以是聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐粘度调节剂。
牵引流体还可以包含量为大于约0.01(w/w)％且小于约1(w/w)％的消泡剂。消泡剂可以存在的量为约0.1(w/w)％。消泡剂可以是有机酸酯和硅氧烷的混合物或者硅酮基流体。牵引流体可以含有一种、两种或更多种消泡剂。
牵引流体可以包含量为大于约0.01(w/w)％且小于约20(w/w)％或量为约3(w/w)％至约6(w/w)％的另外的添加剂，诸如添加剂包，包括抗氧化剂、抗磨剂、极压剂、去垢剂、分散剂、消泡剂、防锈剂、摩擦调节剂、腐蚀抑制剂、粘度调节剂。
牵引流体的特征可以为在-30℃下的布鲁克费尔德(Brookfield)粘度低于约36000cP或低于约32000cP。牵引流体应具有在根据ASTM测试方法D892的起泡测试中的10mL或更低的评分。
基础原料可以以大于约80(w/w)％且小于约98(w/w)％的量存在或以在约88(w/w)％和小于约92(w/w)％之间的量存在。
牵引流体另外可以包含聚α烯烃或酯。
具体实施方式
为了优化高牵引性能，本申请将聚异丁烯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐的组合引入基础油，以获得具有良好的低温粘度且不降低流体的剪切强度性质的牵引流体。为了最小化牵引流体中的起泡，除可商购获得的性能添加剂包之外，还可以添加一种、两种或更多种消泡剂的组合至流体。
基础油或基础原料
本文所述的牵引流体涵盖了可用作牵引流体的基础油或基础原料的任何可用的流体。氢化α二甲基苯乙烯二聚体或任何其他的氢化苯乙烯二聚体可用作原料。硅氧烷、二甲基硅酮、聚α烯烃、烯烃、聚醚、金刚烷或酯基流体也可用作基础原料以形成牵引流体。同样，任何烃、环烷、脂环族烃、环状寡聚物、二环庚烷或多环烃环状寡聚物基础原料将被认为是牵引流体的基础原料。
牵引流体包含至少约80％的基础原料。优选地，基础原料以大于约83(w/w)％且小于约98(w/w)％的量或以在约88(w/w)％和小于约92(w/w)％之间的量存在于牵引流体中。
粘度调节剂
牵引流体可含有粘度调节剂或两种粘度调节剂的组合，这两种粘度调节剂包括包含聚异丁烯(PIB)的第一添加剂和包含聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐(PMA)的第二添加剂。
包含聚异丁烯(诸如例如可商购获得的Lubrizol LZ 3174)的第一粘度添加剂具有所需的牵引性能和剪切稳定性，但具有不太令人满意的低温粘度。该第一粘度添加剂可单独用于牵引流体中或与另一种粘度调节剂组合使用。
包含聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐(PMA或combPMA)的第二粘度添加剂在高温下具有所需的粘度增加作用，而在低温下具有粘度降低作用，但具有不太令人满意的牵引性能和剪切稳定性。可将该第二添加剂单独地或与其他粘度调节剂组合添加至基础原料。聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐，诸如例如可商购获得的Evonik
Figure BDA0002665177130000031
12-199。
两种粘度调节剂可根据目标粘度以任何量添加。优选地，粘度调节剂的组合的总量为约0.1(w/w)％至约10(w/w)％，更优选约0.1(w/w)％至约5(w/w)％。第一粘度调节剂(聚异丁烯)与第二粘度调节剂(聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐)之比是约1:0.3至约1:1，并且更优选约1:0.6至1:0.7。最优选地，第一粘度调节剂以约1.5(w/w)％至约2.0(w/w)％的量存在，并且第二粘度调节剂以约0.1(w/w)％至约1.2(w/w)％的量存在。
添加剂
牵引流体还可包含至少一种性能添加剂包。性能添加剂包通常是完全配制的组合物，包括抗氧化剂、抗磨剂、极压剂、去垢剂、分散剂、消泡剂、防锈剂、摩擦调节剂、腐蚀抑制剂和粘度调节剂。性能添加剂包可商购获得，诸如DI包，并且按照制造商的指导使用。还可添加诸如着色剂或染料的添加剂至牵引流体。
消泡剂
除了添加剂包中可存在的任何去泡剂或消泡剂外，还可添加至少一种另外的消泡剂至牵引流体。优选地，添加至少两种消泡剂至牵引流体。还可添加多于两种的消泡剂至牵引流体。牵引流体可包含消泡剂，所述消泡剂是有机酸酯、硅氧烷、硅酮基流体或任何这些化合物的组合。一种消泡剂可包括化合物(诸如有机酸酯和硅氧烷)的混合物，诸如例如可商购获得的Nalco 2301。一种消泡剂可以是基于硅酮的，诸如例如可商购获得的ChemaloyF-655。
牵引流体可包含量为大于约0.01(w/w)％且小于约1(w/w)％的消泡剂。消泡剂可以以约0.1(w/w)％的量存在。
包含基础原料、第一粘度调节剂和第二粘度调节剂、添加剂包和至少两种消泡剂的牵引流体还应具有在-30℃下的低于32000cP的布鲁克费尔德粘度，和在按照ASTM测试方法D892的起泡测试中的10mL或更低的评分。
实施例
以下以实施例的形式描述某些实施方式。尽管以相当详细的方式描述了实施方式，但是无意将所附权利要求的范围限制或以任何方式限制于这种细节或任何特定的实施方式。
实施例1：牵引流体添加剂的比较
在表1中比较具有含添加剂(诸如聚α烯烃(PAO)、聚异丁烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐(PMA)、消泡剂和性能添加剂包)的氢化α二甲基苯乙烯二聚体(HAD)的基础原料的一系列牵引流体。
表1：牵引流体配方和性质的概述
编码 A B C D E
氢化ASM二聚体 83.2 88 92.2 91.6 90.8
PAO 2cSt 8 3
性能添加剂包 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7
粘度调节剂1(PIB) 2 1.5 3.4
粘度调节剂2(comb PMA) 3 1.2 2 1.1
消泡剂1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
消泡剂2 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
总计 100 100 100 100 100
kv 100C(cSt) 4.74 4.74 4.77 4.77 4.77
BF-30C(cP) 9600 20850 27050 31000 37200
粘度剪切损耗(％)(100℃，持续40h) 4.65 2.85 4.35 2.52 0.36
起泡I/II/III(ASTM D 892) 0/30/0 0/10/0 0/10/0 0/5/0 0/5/0
牵引系数 0.0821 0.0898 0.0938 0.0942 0.945
研究了具有不同的粘度调节剂、消泡剂和添加剂的氢化α二甲基苯乙烯二聚体(HAD)作为基础油的五种牵引流体。单独或组合测试添加剂聚α烯烃(PAO)、聚异丁烯(PIB)、或聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐(combPMA)。KV 100C以4.7cST为目标。
表1证明，要使牵引流体在-30℃下的布鲁克费尔德粘度低于32000cP同时保持较高的牵引系数和较小的粘度剪切损耗，需要聚异丁烯第一粘度调节剂和聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐第二粘度调节剂的组合(流体D)。特别参见流体“C”、流体“D”和流体“E”。如果仅使用聚异丁烯第一粘度调节剂(流体E)，则在-30℃下的布鲁克费尔德粘度超过32000cP。如果仅使用聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐第二粘度调节剂(流体C)，粘度剪切损耗和牵引系数将必须被折中。添加聚α烯烃或酯至配方中可以降低布鲁克费尔德粘度，但牵引系数显著地被折中(流体A和流体B)。从表1的最后一行可以看出，添加两种消泡剂连同聚异丁烯第一粘度调节剂和聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐第二粘度调节剂改善了牵引流体在起泡测试中的性能。
就说明书或权利要求书中使用术语“包括(includes)”或“包含(including)”而言，其意在以与术语“包含(comprising)”相似的方式(此术语在用作权利要求中的过渡词时所理解的)包括在内。此外，就采用术语“或”(如，A或B)而言，其旨在表示“A或B或两者”。当意在“仅A或B但不是两者”时，则将采用术语“仅A或B但不是两者”。因此，本文中使用术语“或”是包括性的，而不是排他性使用。如说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，单数形式“一(a)”、“一(an)”和“该(the)”包括复数。最后，当术语“约”与数字结合使用时，其意在包括数字的±10％。例如，“约10”可以表示9至11。术语wt％意在描述一种化合物的重量与整个组合物的重量的比较(以百分比表示)。也可以描述为wt.％或(w/w)％。术语去泡剂等同于消泡剂、消-泡剂或去-泡剂，并且包括减少或阻碍牵引流体中泡沫形成的任何物质。术语基础油和基础原料可以互换，并且是指存在量大于约70％并构成牵引流体的主要成分的流体。
如上所述，尽管已经通过实施方式的描述示出了本申请，并且尽管已经相当详细地描述了实施方式，但是无意于将所附权利要求的范围限制或以任何方式限制于这样的细节。受益于本申请，本领域技术人员将容易想到其他的优点和修改。因此，本申请在其更广泛的方面不限于所示出的具体细节和说明性实施例。可以在不脱离总体发明构思的精神或范围的情况下，偏离这样的细节和实施例。

Claims (18)

1.一种牵引流体，其包含：
基础油；
第一粘度添加剂，所述第一粘度添加剂包含聚异丁烯；和
第二粘度添加剂，所述第二粘度添加剂包含聚甲基丙烯酸酯/盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，其还包含至少一种消泡剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的牵引流体，所述消泡剂存在的量大于约0.01(w/w)％且小于约1(w/w)％。
4.如权利要求3所述的牵引流体，所述消泡剂存在的量是约0.1(w/w)％。
5.如权利要求3所述的牵引流体，所述消泡剂选自由以下组成的组：有机酸酯和硅氧烷的混合物或者硅酮基流体。
6.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，其还包含至少一种另外的添加剂。
7.如权利要求6所述的牵引流体，所述至少一种另外的添加剂存在的量是大于约0.01(w/w)％且小于约20(w/w)％。
8.如权利要求7所述的牵引流体，所述至少一种另外的添加剂存在的量是约3(w/w)％至约6(w/w)％。
9.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述牵引流体的特征在于在-30℃下的布鲁克费尔德粘度低于约36000cP。
10.如权利要求9所述的牵引流体，所述牵引流体的特征在于在-30℃下的布鲁克费尔德粘度低于约32000cP。
11.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述基础油存在的量大于约83(w/w)％且小于约98(w/w)％。
12.如权利要求11所述的牵引流体，所述基础油存在的量大于约88(w/w)％且小于约92(w/w)％。
13.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述基础油选自由以下组成的组：氢化α二甲基苯乙烯二聚体、脂环族烃、环状寡聚物、二环庚烷、或多环烃。
14.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述第一粘度添加剂油存在的量大于约0.1(w/w)％且小于约10(w/w)％。
15.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述第一粘度添加剂存在的量大于约1.5(w/w)％且小于约5(w/w)％。
16.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述第二粘度添加剂存在的量大于约0.1(w/w)％且小于约10(w/w)％。
17.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述第二粘度添加剂存在的量大于约1.0(w/w)％且小于约3(w/w)％。
18.如权利要求1所述的牵引流体，所述第一粘度添加剂和所述第二粘度添加剂以第一粘度添加剂：第二粘度添加剂的比为约1:0.6至约1:0.7存在。
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