CN111905016B - 治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于兽药技术领域，具体涉及治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂及其制备方法，该中药方剂由以下重量份的原料药制备而成：荆芥7‑17份，防风10‑20份，麻黄5‑15份，羌活7‑17份，独活7‑17份，柴胡10‑20份，桔梗10‑20份，枳实10‑20份，陈皮5‑15份，川芎7‑17份，黄芩10‑20份，黄芪7‑17份，白芍7‑17份，北五味子5‑15份，神曲10‑20份，甘草7‑17份。本发明制备的中药方剂主治证型明确，治则清楚，为仔猪繁殖与呼吸综合征发病初期的临床治疗提供一种有效方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药技术领域，具体涉及治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrom)又称猪蓝耳病，临床表现主要为仔猪的呼吸系统症状和母猪的繁殖功能障碍，是当前引起我国和世界养猪业严重经济损失的最重要疾病之一。猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒是该病的病原体，其毒株具有多样性，且极易变异和重组，其致病和免疫机制目前仍不明确，尤其高致病性毒株广泛流行，使得该病的临床症状呈现多样化，疫苗的保护力并不理想，尤其减毒活疫苗的过度使用，又会加大毒株的多样性，加重该病的临床复杂性和控制难度，结果是导致新毒株层出不穷，诱导免疫猪群产生免疫耐受，引起猪群的持续感染和继发感染的上升。
西兽医对该病的主要防治手段是接种疫苗和高免血清，使用抗病毒、抗菌和抗炎药物等进行综合治疗，但治疗效果并不尽如人意。中兽医学是我国的传统兽医学，是以中兽医基础理论为基础，利用方药或/和针灸技术，防治动物疾病的一门综合性学科。当前也常见利用中兽药防治猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的报道，既有对经典方剂的加减运用，也有自拟方剂或复方的应用，但是总的来看，已有中兽药产品的治疗效果并不稳定和确切。
已有报道多先入为主的认为该病是由病毒引起的温热病，方药的选择主要从抗病毒或清热解毒的角度入手，而对患猪的“四诊”资料采集不全，尤其对证型分析至关重要的口色和脉象等资料缺乏，治则不够明确，故方药虽多却难以起效；而另一方面患猪在不同发病阶段或环境下表现的临床症状不同，期望一个产品适应于所有的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病例亦不现实。
发明内容
有鉴于上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂，由以下重量份的原料药制备而成：
荆芥7-17份，防风10-20份，麻黄5-15份，羌活7-17份，独活7-17份，柴胡10-20份，桔梗10-20份，枳实10-20份，陈皮5-15份，川芎7-17份，黄芩10-20份，黄芪7-17份，白芍7-17份，北五味子5-15份，神曲10-20份，甘草7-17份。
进一步的，所述中药方剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取如下原料药：荆芥7-17份，防风10-20份，麻黄5-15份，羌活7-17份，独活7-17份，柴胡10-20份，桔梗10-20份，枳实10-20份，陈皮5-15份，川芎7-17份，黄芩10-20份，黄芪7-17份，白芍7-17份，北五味子5-15份，神曲10-20份，甘草7-17份；
S2、将S1的原料药混合后，加入其5-6倍重量的水浸泡30-40min，大火煮沸，小火维持25-30min，倒出药液；
S3、再向原料药中加入水至没过原料药，大火煮沸，小火维持20-25min，倒出药液；
S4、合并两次药液，4℃保存。
本发明中药方剂的治法治则以及药理分析：
本发明中药方剂是在中医传统理论的指导下，对温热病进行“卫气营血辩证”，分析确定仔猪繁殖与呼吸综合征发病初期的主要证型，结合中药的药性和归经，发明了具有针对性治疗作用的中药方剂，治法治责重在疏风散寒，宣肺止咳，益气敛阴；荆芥、防风发散风寒解表驱邪；麻黄宣肺解表；羌活、独活祛全身风湿以驱邪；川芎散风止痛；柴胡疏解表邪；枳实、陈皮理气宽中；桔梗宣肺止咳；黄芩清肺热解毒；黄芪补气固表；白芍敛阴养血；五味子益肾固精、敛汗生津；神曲消食和胃；甘草益气和中，调和诸药。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明的中药方剂主治证型明确，治则清楚，主要用于仔猪繁殖与呼吸综合征发病初期的患猪，不适用于与主证不符的患猪，降低了其滥用造成的浪费成本，及延误治疗时机造成的治疗费用增加和仔猪死亡等成本。
2、本发明的中药方剂显著降低仔猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的死亡率，显著降低重症的发生率和治疗成本，早期的治疗有效率达95％。
附图说明
图1为本发明中药治疗组与模型对照组仔猪肺脏剖检结果，图A为模型对照组，图B为中药治疗组。
图2为本发明中药治疗组与模型对照组仔猪肺脏组织病理切片，图A为模型对照组，图B为中药治疗组。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但不应理解为本发明的限制。如未特殊说明，下述实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段，下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂，由以下重量份的原料药制备而成：
荆芥7份，防风10份，麻黄5份，羌活7份，独活7份，柴胡10份，桔梗10份，枳实10份，陈皮5份，川芎7份，黄芩10份，黄芪7份，白芍7份，北五味子5份，神曲10份，甘草7份。
制备上述中药方剂的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取上述原料药混合；
S2、向混合后的原料药中加入其5倍重量的水浸泡30min，大火煮沸，小火维持25min，倒出药液；
S3、再向原料药中加入水至没过原料药，大火煮沸，小火维持20min，倒出药液；
S4、合并两次药液，4℃保存。
实施例2
一种治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂，由以下重量份的原料药制备而成：
荆芥17份，防风20份，麻黄15份，羌活17份，独活17份，柴胡20份，桔梗20份，枳实20份，陈皮15份，川芎17份，黄芩20份，黄芪17份，白芍17份，北五味子15份，神曲20份，甘草17份。
制备上述中药方剂的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取上述原料药混合；
S2、向混合后的原料药中加入其6倍重量的水浸泡40min，大火煮沸，小火维持30min，倒出药液；
S3、再向原料药中加入水至没过原料药，大火煮沸，小火维持25min，倒出药液；
S4、合并两次药液，4℃保存。
实施例3
一种治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药方剂，由以下重量份的原料药制备而成：
荆芥12份，防风15份，麻黄10份，羌活10份，独活10份，柴胡15份，桔梗15份，枳实15份，陈皮10份，川芎10份，黄芩15份，黄芪15份，白芍15份，北五味子10份，神曲15份，甘草12份。
制备上述中药方剂的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取上述原料药混合；
S2、向混合后的原料药中加入其6倍重量的水浸泡35min，大火煮沸，小火维持28min，倒出药液；
S3、再向原料药中加入水至没过原料药，大火煮沸，小火维持27min，倒出药液；
S4、合并两次药液，4℃保存。
试验例
1、人工感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒仔猪的治疗实例
1.1模型仔猪的人工感染方法
选取50头约40日龄断奶长白仔猪，经肌肉注射和滴鼻的途径攻毒，感染JXA1猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的Marc-145细胞培养液，其中颈部肌肉注射1mL病毒培养液，及每个鼻孔各滴入1mL病毒培养液。
1.2人工感染仔猪的临床诊断
对仔猪进行人工感染猪肺与呼吸综合征病毒后，每天早晚各进行临床检查1次，所有人工感染仔猪均在攻毒感染后第4-5天时发病，出现精神沉郁，扎堆身抖，鼻流清涕，舌红苔白，脉浮数，耳尖凉，体温升高等临床症状，符合本发明中药方剂所针对的主证。
1.3人工感染仔猪的处理
将人工感染发病仔猪分为模型对照组和中药治疗组，每组25头。模型对照组的仔猪不做处理，中药治疗组的仔猪在攻毒后第5天开始灌胃给药(实施例3制备的中药方剂)，每头仔猪灌胃给药50mL，每天早晚各1次，连续3天。治疗期间，每次灌胃给药前对猪只进行临床检查。
1.4治疗效果
中药治疗组仔猪在治疗3天后，22头猪的精神状态有明显好转，无明显发抖现象，体温下降，舌苔红润，脉平；2头仔猪出现呼吸困难等症状的加重；1头猪死亡。模型对照组中，16头仔猪的体温、临床表现等均有不同程度加重，4头仔猪的临床症状有所减轻，1头仔猪恢复至无明显临床症状，4头仔猪死亡。统计结果如表1。
表1中药治疗与模型对照治疗效果对比
病理剖检和病理学检查结果：通过对治疗3天后的模型对照组和中药治疗组仔猪剖检显示(图1)，本发明中药方剂治疗后，感染仔猪的肺脏肿胀和实变明显减轻，出血点减少；病理组织切片检查显示(图2)，仔猪肺间质性增生有所改善，肺泡壁的厚度降低。
2、自然发病治疗实例
适应症患猪
选取临床初发病猪只共162头，临床症状主要表现为精神沉郁，被毛粗乱，鼻流清涕，咳嗽，体温升高，耳尖凉，扎堆嗜睡，身抖，舌红苔薄白，脉浮数，大便稀或偶有腹泻，小便清亮，偶有呼吸急促或轻度呼吸困难。根据患猪的主要临床表现，分析认为该时期患猪的主要证型为风寒犯肺，肺卫失宣。
162头初发病猪分为对照组和试验组，其中对照组82头，采用常规西药治疗(泰万菌素拌料饲喂，每吨饲料添加500克)；试验组80头，采用本发明实施例3制备的中药方剂治疗，每头仔猪灌胃给药50mL，每天早晚各1次。对照组和试验组疗程均为3天，治疗3天后检查统计，两组皆以症状减轻和消失为有效，症状全部消失为痊愈，症状加重为恶化，统计结果见表2。
表2中药与西药治疗效果对比
需要说明的是，本发明权利要求书中涉及数值范围时，应理解为每个数值范围的两个端点以及两个端点之间任何一个数值均可选用，为了防止赘述，本发明描述了优选的实施例。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (2)
1.治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的中药组合物，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料药制备而成：
荆芥7-17份，防风10-20份，麻黄5-15份，羌活7-17份，独活7-17份，柴胡10-20份，桔梗10-20份，枳实10-20份，陈皮5-15份，川芎7-17份，黄芩10-20份，黄芪7-17份，白芍7-17份，北五味子5-15份，神曲10-20份，甘草7-17份。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1、按重量份称取如下原料药：荆芥7-17份，防风10-20份，麻黄5-15份，羌活7-17份，独活7-17份，柴胡10-20份，桔梗10-20份，枳实10-20份，陈皮5-15份，川芎7-17份，黄芩10-20份，黄芪7-17份，白芍7-17份，北五味子5-15份，神曲10-20份，甘草7-17份；
S2、将S1的原料药混合后，加入其5-6倍重量的水浸泡30-40min，大火煮沸，小火维持25-30min，倒出药液；
S3、再向原料药中加入水至没过原料药，大火煮沸，小火维持20-25min，倒出药液；
S4、合并两次药液，4°C保存。
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